Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the most important viral pathogens of salmonids. In rainbow trout, IHNV isolates in the M genogroup are highly pathogenic, while U genogroup isolates are significantly less pathogenic. We show here that, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, a representative U type strain yielded 42‐fold less infectious virus than an M type strain in the rainbow trout–derived RTG‐2 cell line at 24 h post‐infection (p.i.). However, at an MOI of 10, there was only fivefold difference in the yield of infectious virus between the U and M strains. Quantification of extracellular viral genomic RNA suggested that the number of virus particles released from cells infected with the U strain at a MOI of 1 was 47‐fold lower than from M‐infected cells, but U and M virions were equally infectious by particle to infectivity ratios. At an MOI of 1, U strain intracellular viral genome accumulation and transcription were 37‐ and 12‐fold lower, respectively, than those of the M strain at 24 h p.i. Viral nucleocapsid (N) protein accumulation in U strain infections was fivefold lower than in M strain infections. These results suggest that the block in U type strain growth in RTG‐2 cells was because of the effects of reduced genome replication and transcription. The reduced growth of the U strain does not seem to be caused by defective genes, because the U and M strains grew equally well in the permissive epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line at an MOI of 1. This suggests that host‐specific factors in RTG‐2 cells control the growth of the IHNV U and M strains differently, leading to growth restriction of the U type virus during the RNA synthesis step.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01153.x","usgsCitation":"Park, J.W., Moon, C.H., Wargo, A., Purcell, M., and Kurath, G., 2010, Differential growth of U and M type infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in a rainbow trout–derived cell line, RTG-2: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 33, no. 7, p. 583-591, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01153.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"591","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-019735","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516689e0e4b0bba30b388bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, Jeong Woo","contributorId":40489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Jeong","email":"","middleInitial":"Woo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moon, Chang Hoon","contributorId":68193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moon","given":"Chang","email":"","middleInitial":"Hoon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wargo, Andrew","contributorId":73480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wargo","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. mpurcell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198262,"text":"70198262 - 2010 - Erosion of tilted fault blocks and deposition of coarse sediments in half-graben basins during late stages of extension: Gold Butte area, Basin and Range Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T10:53:57","indexId":"70198262","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion of tilted fault blocks and deposition of coarse sediments in half-graben basins during late stages of extension: Gold Butte area, Basin and Range Province","docAbstract":"The provenance and stratigraphic architecture of basin-filling Miocene sediments around the Gold Butte area, southern Nevada, and adjacent highlands record the erosion of fault blocks that progressively tilted during extension. This study focuses especially on upper Miocene correlatives of the red sandstone unit and the Muddy Creek Formation that were deposited during waning stages of extension. Upper parts of the underlying middle Miocene Horse Spring Formation are also addressed. The large east-tilted South Virgin–White Hills block, including the Gold Butte block, was the primary source of coarse detritus into the adjacent half-graben basins on both sides. Voluminous, very coarse-grained sediments were shed eastward down the back slope of this tilt block into the Grand Wash Trough. This suggests that there were large middle and late Miocene catchments on that side of the block, possibly inherited from a gentler dip slope early in the tilting history. The block uplifted and tilted during slip on the west-dipping South Virgin–White Hills normal fault that bounds the west side of the block. Its exposed footwall shed coarse-grained debris to the west. While the fault was active, this debris included rock-avalanche megabreccias. Longitudinal transport of coarse-grained sediment also occurred along the axes of basins on both sides of the block.
In the late Miocene, fault death at ca. 10 Ma followed rotation of the South Virgin–White Hills fault, and the along-strike Quail Spring fault, from initial dips >55° to dips <30°. This cessation of faulting coincided with and likely caused an eastward shift in locus of faulting to the steeper Wheeler fault system. Coarse sediment shed from the South Virgin–White Hills tilt block gradually declined as deformation waned and limestone-rich sedimentation expanded onto the basin margins against the block. Where the rising sedimentary fills eventually bridged across the block and connected basins on either side, these bridge sites served to focus later integrated regional drainage—the Pliocene Colorado River.
Progressive Miocene tilting of the highland block would have broadened its structural footwall on the west and narrowed its east-dipping back slope. Migration of the drainage divide by erosion and piracy, influenced by changing tilt slopes, can explain the modern position of the divide in the Gold Butte block as one that separates drainage roughly equally down the two sides.
","largerWorkTitle":"Miocene Tectonics of the Lake Mead Region, Central Basin and Range","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2010.2463(07)","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Beard, S., Kuntz, M.A., Kunk, M.J., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Perkins, M.E., and Lucchitta, I., 2010, Erosion of tilted fault blocks and deposition of coarse sediments in half-graben basins during late stages of extension: Gold Butte area, Basin and Range Province: GSA Special Papers, v. 463, p. 147-170, https://doi.org/10.1130/2010.2463(07).","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"170","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","volume":"463","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b690e4b0702d0e844c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, Sue 0000-0001-9552-1893 sbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-1893","contributorId":167711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"Sue","email":"sbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuntz, M. A.","contributorId":33323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":740793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lucchitta, Ivo","contributorId":94291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Ivo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":98975,"text":"sir20105198 - 2010 - Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"sir20105198","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5198","title":"Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program (UCREFRP), Colorado Division of Water Resources, and City of Craig studied the gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir to the confluence with the Yampa River during August through October 2009. Earlier qualitative interpretation of streamflow data downstream from the reservoir indicated that there could be a transit loss of nearly 10 percent. This potential loss could be a significant portion of the releases from Elkhead Reservoir requested by UCREFRP during late summer and early fall for improving critical habitat for endangered fish downstream in the Yampa River. Information on the gain-loss characteristics was needed for the effective management of the reservoir releases.\r\n\r\nIn order to determine streamflow gain-loss characteristics for Elkhead Creek, eight measurement sets were made at four strategic instream sites and at one diversion from August to early October 2009. An additional measurement set was made after the study period during low-flow conditions in November 2009. Streamflow measurements were made using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter to provide high accuracy and consistency, especially at low flows. During this study, streamflow ranged from about 5 cubic feet per second up to more than 90 cubic feet per second with step increments in between. Measurements were made at least 24 hours after a change in reservoir release (streamflow) during steady-state conditions.\r\n\r\nThe instantaneous streamflow measurements and the streamflow volume comparisons show the reach of Elkhead Creek immediately downstream from Elkhead Reservoir to the streamflow-gaging station 09246500, Elkhead Creek near Craig, CO, is neither a gaining nor losing reach. The instantaneous measurements immediately downstream from the dam and the combined measurements of Norvell ditch plus streamflow-gaging station 09246500 are mostly within the plus or minus 5-percent measurement error of each other. The variability of data is such that sometimes the streamflow is greater upstream than downstream and sometimes the streamflow is greater downstream than upstream. Streamflow volumes were calculated for multiple time periods as determined by a change in release from the reservoir. Streamflow volumes were greater downstream than upstream for all but one time period. The predominance of greater streamflows downstream is due to the difference between the USGS instantaneous measurements and record computation with the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) record at the dam. Immediately following an increase in streamflow from the reservoir, the downstream volume was smaller than the upstream volume, but this was an artifact of the traveltime between the two sites and possibly small amounts of water entering the streambank. Traveltimes were shorter at higher streamflows and when streamflow was increasing.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, Colorado Division of Water Resources, and City of Craig\r\n","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., 2010, Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5198, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105198.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5198.bmp"},{"id":14408,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.43416666666667,40.516666666666666 ], [ -107.43416666666667,40.56666666666667 ], [ -107.36749999999999,40.56666666666667 ], [ -107.36749999999999,40.516666666666666 ], [ -107.43416666666667,40.516666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193895,"text":"70193895 - 2010 - Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:10:12.434219","indexId":"70193895","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America","docAbstract":"This study presents >5 cumulative years of tropospheric mercury (Hg) speciation measurements, over the period of 2003–2009, for eight sites in the central and eastern United States and one site in coastal Puerto Rico. The purpose of this research was to identify local and regional processes that impact Hg speciation and deposition (wet + dry) across a large swath of North America. Sites sampled were selected to represent both\na wide range of mercury exposure and environmental conditions. Seasonal mean concentrations of elemental Hg (1.27 ± 0.31 to 2.94 ± 1.57 ng m−3; x ± s), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM; 1.5 ± 1.6 to 63.3 ± 529 pg m−3), and fine particulate Hg\n(1.2 ± 1.4 to 37.9 ± 492 pg m−3) were greatest at sites impacted by Hg point sources. Diel bin plots of Hgo and RGM suggest control by a variety of local/regional processes including impacts from Hg point sources and boundary layer/free tropospheric interactions as well as from larger‐scale processes affecting Hg speciation (i.e., input of the global Hg pool, RGM formed from oxidation of Hgo by photochemical compounds at coastal sites, and elemental Hg depletion during periods of dew formation). Comparison of wet Hg deposition (measured), RGM and fine particulate Hg dry deposition (calculated using a multiple resistance model), and anthropogenic point source emissions varied significantly between sites. Significant correlation between emission sources and dry deposition\nwas observed but was highly dependant upon inclusion of data from two sites with exceptionally high deposition. Findings from this study highlight the importance of environmental setting on atmospheric Hg cycling and deposition rates.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JD014064","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Tate, M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Schauer, J.J., Kolker, A., Shanley, J.B., and Bothner, M., 2010, Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, no. D18, D18306; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014064.","productDescription":"D18306; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-016936","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475628,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3949","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n -57.65624999999999,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n -57.65624999999999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 24.046463999666567\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"D18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425f2e4b0dc0b45b456fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schauer, James J","contributorId":200131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schauer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bothner, Michael mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":200130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":9000512,"text":"ofr20101308 - 2010 - Procedures for conducting underwater searches for invasive mussels (Dreissena sp.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:49","indexId":"ofr20101308","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1308","title":"Procedures for conducting underwater searches for invasive mussels (Dreissena sp.)","docAbstract":"Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first detected in the Great Lakes in 1988. They were likely transported as larvae or young adults inside the ballast tanks of large ocean-going ships originating from Europe. Since their introduction, they have spread throughout the Eastern, Midwestern, and Southern United States. In 2007, Quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) were found in the Western United States in Lake Mead, Nevada; part of the Lower Colorado River Basin. State and Federal managers are concerned that the mussels (hereafter referred to as dreissenid mussels or mussels) will continue to spread to the Columbia River Basin and have a major impact on the region?s ecosystem, water delivery infrastructure, hydroelectric projects, and the economy. The transport and use of recreational watercraft throughout the Western United States could easily result in spreading mussels to the Columbia River Basin. The number of recreational watercraft using Lake Mead can range from 350 to 3,500 a day (Bryan Moore, National Park Service, oral commun., June 21, 2008). Because recreational watercrafts are readily moved around and mussels may survive for a period of time when they are out of the water, there is a high potential to spread mussels from Lake Mead to other waterways in the Western United States. Efforts are being made to prevent the spread of mussels; however, there is great concern that these efforts will not be 100 percent successful. When prevention efforts fail, early detection of mussels may provide an opportunity to implement rapid response management actions to minimize the impact. Control and eradication efforts are more likely to be successful if they are implemented when the density of mussels is low and the area of infestation is small. Once the population grows and becomes established, the mussels are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to control. Although chemicals may be used to kill the mussels, the chemicals that are currently available also can kill other aquatic life. Early implementation of containment and eradication efforts requires getting reliable information to confirm the location of the infestation. One way to get this information is through the use of properly trained SCUBA divers. This document provides SCUBA divers with the necessary information to conduct underwater searchers for mussels. However, using SCUBA divers to search for mussels over a large geographic area is relatively expensive and inefficient. Early detection monitoring methods can be used to optimize the use of SCUBA divers. Early detection monitoring can be accomplished by collecting water samples or deploying artificial settlement substrates (fig. 1). Water samples are used to look for free-swimming larval mussels (called veligers). Because the veligers cannot be identified with the naked eye, the water samples are sent to a laboratory where they are examined under a microscope and/or analyzed using molecular techniques to detect veligers. To detect the presences of adult mussels, artificial substrates are deployed and periodically retrieved to determine if mussels have settled on the substrate. If veligers or adults are identified, SCUBA divers can be deployed to confirm the presence of mussels.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101308","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., 2010, Procedures for conducting underwater searches for invasive mussels (Dreissena sp.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1308, iv, 30 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101308.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1308.jpg"},{"id":19173,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6608e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah","contributorId":91604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70118923,"text":"70118923 - 2010 - Freshwater bacteria are stoichiometrically flexible with a nutrient composition similar to seston","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T10:41:12","indexId":"70118923","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-08T10:37:37","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1702,"text":"Frontiers in Microbiology","onlineIssn":"1664-302X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater bacteria are stoichiometrically flexible with a nutrient composition similar to seston","docAbstract":"Although aquatic bacteria are assumed to be nutrient-rich, they out-compete other foodweb osmotrophs for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) an apparent contradiction to resource ratio theory. This paradox could be resolved if aquatic bacteria were demonstrated to be nutrient-poor relative other portions of the planktonic food web. In a survey of >120 lakes in the upper Midwest of the USA, the nutrient content of bacteria was lower than previously reported and very similar to the Redfield ratio, with a mean biomass composition of 102:12:1 (C:N:P). Individual freshwater bacterial isolates grown under P-limiting and P-replete conditions had even higher C:P and N:P ratios with a mean community biomass composition ratio of 875C:179N:1P suggesting that individual strains can be extremely nutrient-poor, especially with respect to P. Cell-specific measurements of individual cells from one lake confirmed that low P content could be observed at the community level in natural systems with a mean biomass composition of 259C:69N:1P. Variability in bacterial stoichiometry is typically not recognized in the literature as most studies assume constant and nutrient-rich bacterial biomass composition. We present evidence that bacteria can be extremely P-poor in individual systems and in culture, suggesting that bacteria in freshwater ecosystems can either play a role as regenerators or consumers of inorganic nutrients and that this role could switch depending on the relationship between bacterial biomass stoichiometry and resource stoichiometry. This ability to switch roles between nutrient retention and regeneration likely facilitates processing of terrestrial organic matter in lakes and rivers and has important implications for a wide range of bacterially mediated biogeochemical processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Research Foundation","publisherLocation":"Lausanne","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2010.00132","usgsCitation":"Cotner, J.B., Hall, E.K., Scott, J.T., and Heldal, M., 2010, Freshwater bacteria are stoichiometrically flexible with a nutrient composition similar to seston: Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 1, no. 132, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2010.00132.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2010.00132","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291476,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2010.00132"}],"volume":"1","issue":"132","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db5843e4b0fba533fa3580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cotner, James B.","contributorId":75861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Edward K. ehall@usgs.gov","contributorId":4837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Edward","email":"ehall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, J. Thad","contributorId":91406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thad","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heldal, Mikal","contributorId":75456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heldal","given":"Mikal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123980,"text":"70123980 - 2010 - A river system to watch: documenting the effects of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) biocontrol in the Virgin River valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T10:53:31","indexId":"70123980","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-01T10:36:06","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A river system to watch: documenting the effects of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) biocontrol in the Virgin River valley","docAbstract":"Throughout riparian areas of the southwestern United States, non-native saltcedar (also known as tamarisk; Tamarix spp.) can form dense, monotypic stands and is often reported to have detrimental effects on native plants and habitat quality (Everitt 1980; Shafroth et al. 2005). Natural resource managers of these riparian areas spend considerable time and resources controlling saltcedar using a variety of techniques, including chemical (Duncan and McDaniel 1998), mechanical, and burning methods (Shafroth et al. 2005). Approximately one billion dollars are spent each year on river restoration projects nationally (Bernhardt et al. 2005), and a majority of these projects focus on invasive species control in the Southwest (Follstad Shah et al. 2007).
\nA technique that has drawn much attention is the use of the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda spp.), a specialist herbivore, as biological control of saltcedar (Lewis et al. 2003). Research testing was conducted with beetles housed in secure enclosures in six states in 1998 and 1999 (Dudley et al. 2001), followed by open release at some of those sites starting in 2001 (DeLoach et al. 2004). By 2005, full-scale saltcedar biocontrol was implemented in 13 states, led by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the agency that oversees biological control programs, and with the participation and support of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Despite the widespread application of Diorhabda, however, only limited research has quantified the consequences (benefits and costs) on biotic communities and ecosystem services. Alterations to riparian areas caused by various non-native species control activities have the potential to affect a variety of habitat types used by wildlife (Bateman et al. 2008a); processes like water availability, fluvial deposition, and erosion; and the establishment of other non-native species (Carruthers and D'Antonio 2005, Shafroth et al. 2005, DeLoach et al. 2006). Similarly, biocontrol is expected to modify riparian ecosystems, and it is imperative to document and evaluate both the environmental benefits and the potential costs of this tamarisk management method.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.3368/er.28.4.405","usgsCitation":"Bateman, H.L., Dudley, T.L., Bean, D., Ostoja, S.M., Hultine, K.R., and Kuehn, M.J., 2010, A river system to watch: documenting the effects of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) biocontrol in the Virgin River valley: Ecological Restoration, v. 28, no. 4, p. 405-410, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.28.4.405.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-022978","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293665,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.28.4.405"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Virgin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.151,35.9865 ], [ -115.151,37.4919 ], [ -112.4484,37.4919 ], [ -112.4484,35.9865 ], [ -115.151,35.9865 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b99be4b0239f1986b9fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, Heather L.","contributorId":72294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Tom L.","contributorId":59730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bean, Dan W.","contributorId":58133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bean","given":"Dan W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin R. 0000-0001-9747-6037","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-6037","contributorId":23772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuehn, Michael J.","contributorId":32095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehn","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98815,"text":"sir20105189 - 2010 - Effects of groundwater levels and headwater wetlands on streamflow in the Charlie Creek basin, Peace River watershed, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"sir20105189","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5189","title":"Effects of groundwater levels and headwater wetlands on streamflow in the Charlie Creek basin, Peace River watershed, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"The Charlie Creek basin was studied from April 2004 to December 2005 to better understand how groundwater levels in the underlying aquifers and storage and overflow of water from headwater wetlands preserve the streamflows exiting this least-developed tributary basin of the Peace River watershed. The hydrogeologic framework, physical characteristics, and streamflow were described and quantified for five subbasins of the 330-square mile Charlie Creek basin, allowing the contribution of its headwaters area and tributary subbasins to be separately quantified. A MIKE SHE model simulation of the integrated surface-water and groundwater flow processes in the basin was used to simulate daily streamflow observed over 21 months in 2004 and 2005 at five streamflow stations, and to quantify the monthly and annual water budgets for the five subbasins including the changing amount of water stored in wetlands. Groundwater heads were mapped in Zone 2 of the intermediate aquifer system and in the Upper Floridan aquifer, and were used to interpret the location of artesian head conditions in the Charlie Creek basin and its relation to streamflow. Artesian conditions in the intermediate aquifer system induce upward groundwater flow into the surficial aquifer and help sustain base flow which supplies about two-thirds of the streamflow from the Charlie Creek basin. Seepage measurements confirmed seepage inflow to Charlie Creek during the study period. \r\nThe upper half of the basin, comprised largely of the Upper Charlie Creek subbasin, has lower runoff potential than the lower basin, more storage of runoff in wetlands, and periodically generates no streamflow. Artesian head conditions in the intermediate aquifer system were widespread in the upper half of the Charlie Creek basin, preventing downward leakage from expansive areas of wetlands and enabling them to act as headwaters to Charlie Creek once their storage requirements were met. Currently, the dynamic balance between wetland storage, rainfall-runoff processes, and groundwater-level differences in the upper basin allow it to generate approximately half of the streamflow from the Charlie Creek basin. Therefore, future development in the upper basin that would alter the hydraulic connectivity of wetlands during high flow conditions or expand recharging groundwater conditions could substantially affect streamflow in Charlie Creek. LIDAR (Light detection and ranging) based topographic maps and integrated modeling results were used to quantify the water stored in wetlands and other topographic depressions, and to describe the network of shallow stream channels connecting wetlands to Charlie Creek and its tributaries over distances of several thousand feet. Peak flows at all but one streamflow station were underpredicted in MIKE SHE simulations, possibly because the hydraulics of surface channels connecting wetlands to stream channels were not explicitly simulated in the model. Explicitly simulating the smaller channels connecting wetlands and stream channels should improve the ability of future watershed models to simulate peak flows in streams with headwater wetlands. \r\nThe runoff potential was greater in the lower half of the Charlie Creek basin than in the upper half, and the streambed of Charlie Creek had greater potential to both directly gain streamflow from groundwater and lose streamflow to groundwater. Charlie Creek is more incised into the surficial aquifer in the lower basin than in the upper basin, and the streambed intersects the top of the intermediate aquifer system at two known locations. Groundwater levels in the intermediate aquifer system varied widely in the lower half of the basin from artesian conditions inducing upward flow toward the surficial aquifer and streams, to recharging conditions allowing downward flow and stream leakage. Recharge areas were greatest in May 2004 when rainfall was at a seasonal low and irrigation pumping was at a seasonal high. Recharge conditions ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with\r\nSouthwest Florida Water Management District \r\n","usgsCitation":"Lee, T.M., Sacks, L.A., and Hughes, J., 2010, Effects of groundwater levels and headwater wetlands on streamflow in the Charlie Creek basin, Peace River watershed, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5189, Ix, 70 p.; Appendices , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105189.","productDescription":"Ix, 70 p.; Appendices ","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14228,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,26.75 ], [ -82.5,28.25 ], [ -81.5,28.25 ], [ -81.5,26.75 ], [ -82.5,26.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6154be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, T. M.","contributorId":67855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sacks, L. A.","contributorId":83092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, J.D.","contributorId":25539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043115,"text":"70043115 - 2010 - Using Landsat satellite data to support pesticide exposure assessment in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T11:33:18","indexId":"70043115","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2050,"text":"International Journal of Health Geographics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using Landsat satellite data to support pesticide exposure assessment in California","docAbstract":"Background\nThe recent U.S. Geological Survey policy offering Landsat satellite data at no cost provides researchers new opportunities to explore relationships between environment and health. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for using Landsat satellite data to support pesticide exposure assessment in California.\n\nMethods and Results\nWe collected a dense time series of 24 Landsat 5 and 7 images spanning the year 2000 for an agricultural region in Fresno County. We intersected the Landsat time series with the California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) land use map and selected field samples to define the phenological characteristics of 17 major crop types or crop groups. We found the frequent overpass of Landsat enabled detection of crop field conditions (e.g., bare soil, vegetated) over most of the year. However, images were limited during the winter months due to cloud cover. Many samples designated as single-cropped in the CDWR map had phenological patterns that represented multi-cropped or non-cropped fields, indicating they may have been misclassified.\n\nConclusions\nWe found the combination of Landsat 5 and 7 image data would clearly benefit pesticide exposure assessment in this region by 1) providing information on crop field conditions at or near the time when pesticides are applied, and 2) providing information for validating the CDWR map. The Landsat image time-series was useful for identifying idle, single-, and multi-cropped fields. Landsat data will be limited during the winter months due to cloud cover, and for years prior to the Landsat 7 launch (1999) when only one satellite was operational at any given time. We suggest additional research to determine the feasibility of integrating CDWR land use maps and Landsat data to derive crop maps in locations and time periods where maps are not available, which will allow for substantial improvements to chemical exposure estimation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Health Geographics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/1476-072X-9-46","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S.K., Airola, M., and Nuckols, J.R., 2010, Using Landsat satellite data to support pesticide exposure assessment in California: International Journal of Health Geographics, v. 9, no. 46, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-9-46.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-015841","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-9-46","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267002,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-9-46"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Fresno","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.92,35.91 ], [ -120.92,37.58 ], [ -118.36,37.58 ], [ -118.36,35.91 ], [ -120.92,35.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1f0e4b0605bc571f029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, Susan K.","contributorId":90198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Airola, Matthew","contributorId":51630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Airola","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nuckols, John R.","contributorId":87037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuckols","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007479,"text":"70007479 - 2010 - Extrapolating growth reductions in fish to changes in population extinction risks: Copper and Chinook salmon.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T20:58:30.320058","indexId":"70007479","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-11T14:50:16","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1913,"text":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extrapolating growth reductions in fish to changes in population extinction risks: Copper and Chinook salmon.","docAbstract":"Fish commonly respond to stress, including stress from chemical exposures, with reduced growth. However, the relevance to wild populations of subtle and sometimes transitory growth reductions may not be obvious. At low-level, sustained exposures, Cu is one substance that commonly causes reduced growth but little mortality in laboratory toxicity tests with fish. To explore the relevance of growth reductions under laboratory conditions to wild populations, we (1) estimated growth effects of low-level Cu exposures to juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), (2) related growth effects to reduced survival in downriver Chinook salmon migrations, (3) estimated population demographics, (4) constructed a demographically structured matrix population model, and (5) projected the influence of Cu-reduced growth on population size, extinction risks, and recovery chances. Reduced juvenile growth from Cu in the range of chronic criteria concentrations was projected to cause disproportionate reductions in survival of migrating juveniles, with a 7.5% length reduction predicting about a 23% to 52% reduction in survival from a headwaters trap to the next census point located 640 km downstream. Projecting reduced juvenile growth out through six generations (∼30 years) resulted in little increased extinction risk; however, population recovery times were delayed under scenarios where Cu-reduced growth was imposed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2010.512243","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., and Arthaud, D.L., 2010, Extrapolating growth reductions in fish to changes in population extinction risks: Copper and Chinook salmon.: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, v. 16, no. 5, p. 1026-1065, https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2010.512243.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"1026","endPage":"1065","numberOfPages":"39","ipdsId":"IP-007058","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Middle Fork of the Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.4171142578125,\n 45.13361760070825\n ],\n [\n -114.686279296875,\n 45.33090957287155\n ],\n [\n -115.17242431640624,\n 45.10260769705975\n ],\n [\n -115.62286376953124,\n 44.48866833139464\n ],\n [\n -115.66680908203125,\n 44.306161215277854\n ],\n [\n -115.37017822265625,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -114.99938964843749,\n 44.406316252661355\n ],\n [\n -114.62585449218749,\n 44.820812031724444\n ],\n [\n -114.4171142578125,\n 45.13361760070825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arthaud, David L.","contributorId":115849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthaud","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208553,"text":"70208553 - 2010 - Modeling to evaluate the response of savanna-derived cropland to warming–drying stress and nitrogen fertilizers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:04:32","indexId":"70208553","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-10T14:35:54","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling to evaluate the response of savanna-derived cropland to warming–drying stress and nitrogen fertilizers","docAbstract":"Many savannas in West Africa have been converted to croplands and are among the world’s regions most vulnerable to climate change due to deteriorating soil quality. We focused on the savanna-derived cropland in northern Ghana to simulate its sensitivity to projected climate change and nitrogen fertilization scenarios. Here we show that progressive warming–drying stress over the twenty-first century will enhance soil carbon emissions from all kinds of lands of which the natural ecosystems will be more vulnerable to variation in climate variables, particularly in annual precipitation. The carbon emissions from all croplands, however, could be mitigated by applying nitrogen fertilizer at 30–60 kg N ha − 1 year − 1. The uncertainties of soil organic carbon budgets and crop yields depend mainly on the nitrogen fertilization rate during the first 40 years and then are dominated by climate drying stress. The replenishment of soil nutrients, especially of nitrogen through fertilization, could be one of the priority options for policy makers and farm managers as they evaluate mitigation and adaptation strategies of cropping systems and management practices to sustain agriculture and ensure food security under a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-009-9688-x","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Tieszen, L.L., Liu, S., and Tachie-Obeng, E., 2010, Modeling to evaluate the response of savanna-derived cropland to warming–drying stress and nitrogen fertilizers: Climatic Change, v. 100, no. 3-4, p. 702-715, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9688-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"715","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ghana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -2.8784179687499996,\n 8.928487062665504\n ],\n [\n 0.32958984375,\n 8.928487062665504\n ],\n [\n 0.32958984375,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -2.8784179687499996,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -2.8784179687499996,\n 8.928487062665504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tachie-Obeng, E.","contributorId":82550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tachie-Obeng","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160861,"text":"70160861 - 2010 - Map correlation method: Selection of a reference streamgage to estimate daily streamflow at ungaged catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:45:04","indexId":"70160861","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-09T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Map correlation method: Selection of a reference streamgage to estimate daily streamflow at ungaged catchments","docAbstract":"Daily streamflow time series are critical to a very broad range of hydrologic problems. Whereas daily streamflow time series are readily obtained from gaged catchments, streamflow information is commonly needed at catchments for which no measured streamflow information exists. At ungaged catchments, methods to estimate daily streamflow time series typically require the use of a reference streamgage, which transfers properties of the streamflow time series at a reference streamgage to the ungaged catchment. Therefore, the selection of a reference streamgage is one of the central challenges associated with estimation of daily streamflow at ungaged basins. The reference streamgage is typically selected by choosing the nearest streamgage; however, this paper shows that selection of the nearest streamgage does not provide a consistent selection criterion. We introduce a new method, termed the map‐correlation method, which selects the reference streamgage whose daily streamflows are most correlated with an ungaged catchment. When applied to the estimation of daily streamflow at 28 streamgages across southern New England, daily streamflows estimated by a reference streamgage selected using the map‐correlation method generally provides improved estimates of daily streamflow time series over streamflows estimated by the selection and use of the nearest streamgage. The map correlation method could have potential for many other applications including identifying redundancy and uniqueness in a streamgage network, calibration of rainfall runoff models at ungaged sites, as well as for use in catchment classification.
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Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70217565,"text":"70217565 - 2010 - Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T23:39:59.605592","indexId":"70217565","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T16:42:39","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array","docAbstract":"To study horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus spawning behavior and migration over a large-spatial extent (>100 km), we arrayed fixed station radio receivers throughout Delaware Bay and deployed radio transmitters and archival tags on adult horseshoe crabs prior to their spawning season. We tagged and released 160 females and 60 males in 2004 and 217 females in 2005. The array covered approximately 140 km of shoreline. Recapture rates were >70% with multi-year recaptures. We categorized adult age by carapace wear. Older females tended to spawn earlier in the season and more frequently than young females, but those tendencies were more apparent in 2004 when spawning overall occurred earlier than in 2005 when spawning was delayed possibly due to decreased water temperatures. Timing of initial spawning within a year was correlated with water temperature. After adjusting for day of first spring tide, the day of first spawning was 4 days earlier for every 1 degree (̊C) rise in mean daily water temperature in May. Seventy nine % of spawning occurred during nighttime high tides. Fifty five % of spawning occurred within 3 d of a spring tide, which was slightly higher than the 47% expected if spawning was uniformly distributed regardless of tidal cycle. Within the same spawning season, males and females were observed spawning or intertidally resting at more than one beach separated by >5 km. Between years, most (77%) did not return to spawn at the same beach. Probability of stranding was strongly age dependent for males and females with older adults experiencing higher stranding rates. Horseshoe crabs staging in the shallow waters east of the channel spawned exclusively along the eastern (NJ) shoreline, but those staging west of the channel spawned throughout the bay. Overall, several insights emerged from the use of radio telemetry, which advances our understanding of horseshoe crab ecology and will be useful in conserving the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab population and habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.R., Brousseau, L.J., Mandt, M.T., and Millard, M.J., 2010, Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array: Current Zoology, v. 56, no. 5, p. 563-574, https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"574","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 39.53370327008705\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 39.53370327008705\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 38.70694605159386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brousseau, L. J.","contributorId":24534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brousseau","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mandt, Mary T.","contributorId":248260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandt","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Millard, Michael J.","contributorId":23411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136176,"text":"70136176 - 2010 - Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T09:39:50","indexId":"70136176","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy","title":"Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy","docAbstract":"We measured intra- and postoperative mortality rates of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) undergoing surgical liver biopsy sampling for determination of the induction of cytochrome P4501A, a biomarker of oil exposure. Liver biopsies were taken from and radio transmitters were implanted into 157 free-ranging Harlequin Ducks over three winters (55 in 2000, 55 in 2001, and 47 in 2002). No birds died during surgery, but seven (4.5%) died during recovery from anesthesia (three in 2001 and four in 2002). None of the deaths could be attributed directly to the liver biopsy. Four of the 150 (2.7%) birds that were released died in the 2 wk period after surgery. All post-release deaths occurred in 2001; no birds died after release in 2000 or 2002. No mortalities of 36 captive birds occurred during surgery or recovery or in the 2 wk period following surgery. Hemorrhage was a minor problem with one captive bird. Surgical liver biopsies appear to be a safe procedure, but anesthetic complications may occur with overwintering ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1325","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., and Esler, D., 2010, Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 46, no. 4, p. 1325-1329, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1325.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021631","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c65e4b08de9379b3790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043491,"text":"70043491 - 2010 - Lessons from (triggered) tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T13:50:06","indexId":"70043491","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T13:43:42","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lessons from (triggered) tremor","docAbstract":"I test a “clock-advance” model that implies triggered tremor is ambient tremor that occurs at a sped-up rate as a result of loading from passing seismic waves. This proposed model predicts that triggering probability is proportional to the product of the ambient tremor rate and a function describing the efficacy of the triggering wave to initiate a tremor event. Using data mostly from Cascadia, I have compared qualitatively a suite of teleseismic waves that did and did not trigger tremor with ambient tremor rates. Many of the observations are consistent with the model if the efficacy of the triggering wave depends on wave amplitude. One triggered tremor observation clearly violates the clock-advance model. The model prediction that larger triggering waves result in larger triggered tremor signals also appears inconsistent with the measurements. I conclude that the tremor source process is a more complex system than that described by the clock-advance model predictions tested. Results of this and previous studies also demonstrate that (1) conditions suitable for tremor generation exist in many tectonic environments, but, within each, only occur at particular spots whose locations change with time; (2) any fluid flow must be restricted to less than a meter; (3) the degree to which delayed failure and secondary triggering occurs is likely insignificant; and 4) both shear and dilatational deformations may trigger tremor. Triggered and ambient tremor rates correlate more strongly with stress than stressing rate, suggesting tremor sources result from time-dependent weakening processes rather than simple Coulomb failure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JB007011","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., 2010, Lessons from (triggered) tremor: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B10, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB007011.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-013904","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb007011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286206,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JB007011"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -129.2,45.39 ], [ -129.2,51.07 ], [ -116.92,51.07 ], [ -116.92,45.39 ], [ -129.2,45.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594aae4b0120853e8c04d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, Joan","contributorId":77919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200862,"text":"70200862 - 2010 - Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary analysis of one Mars year of HiRISE observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T15:42:13.155534","indexId":"70200862","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T13:32:14","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary analysis of one Mars year of HiRISE observations","docAbstract":"We provide an overview of features indicative of the interaction between water and lava and/or magma on Mars as seen by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera during the Primary Science Phase of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) mission. The ability to confidently resolve meter-scale features from orbit has been extremely useful in the study of the most pristine examples. In particular, HiRISE has allowed the documentation of previously undescribed features associated with phreatovolcanic cones (formed by the interaction of lava and groundwater) on rapidly emplaced flood lavas. These include \"moats\" and \"wakes\" that indicate that the lava crust was thin and mobile, respectively [Jaeger, W.L., Keszthelyi, L.P., McEwen, A.S., Dundas, C.M., Russel, P.S., 2007. Science 317, 1709-1711]. HiRISE has also discovered entablature-style jointing in lavas that is indicative of water-cooling [Milazzo, M.P., Keszthelyi, L.P., Jaeger, W.L., Rosiek, M., Mattson, S., Verba, C., Beyer, R.A., Geissler, P.E., McEwen, A.S., and the HiRISE Team, 2009. Geology 37, 171-174]. Other observations strongly support the idea of extensive volcanic mudflows (lahars). Evidence for other forms of hydrovolcanism, including glaciovolcanic interactions, is more equivocal. This is largely because most older and high-latitude terrains have been extensively modified, masking any earlier 1-10 m scale features. Much like terrestrial fieldwork, the prerequisite for making full use of HiRISE's capabilities is finding good outcrops.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.020","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L., Jaeger, W.L., Dundas, C.M., Martinez-Alonso, S., McEwen, A.S., and Milazzo, M.P., 2010, Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary analysis of one Mars year of HiRISE observations: Icarus, v. 205, no. 1, p. 211-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.020.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"205","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5be40824e4b0b3fc5cf7cc10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez-Alonso, Sara","contributorId":73023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez-Alonso","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209190,"text":"70209190 - 2010 - Historical seismograms for unravelling a mysterious earthquake: The 1907 Sumatra Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T09:35:19","indexId":"70209190","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T09:24:57","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical seismograms for unravelling a mysterious earthquake: The 1907 Sumatra Earthquake","docAbstract":"History of instrumental seismology is short. Seismograms are available only for a little more than 100 years; high-quality seismograms are available only for the last 50 years and the seismological database is very limited in time. To extend the database, seismograms of old events are of vital importance. Many unusual earthquakes are known to have occurred, but their seismological characteristics are poorly known. The 1907 Sumatra earthquake is one of them (1907 January 4, M= 7.6). Gutenberg and Richter located this event in the outer-rise area of the Sunda arc. This earthquake is known to be anomalous because of its extensive tsunami, which is disproportionate of its magnitude. The tsunami affected the coastal areas over 950 km along the Sumatran coast. We investigated this earthquake using the historical seismograms we could collect from several seismological observatories. We examined the P-wave arrival times listed in the Strassburg Bulletin (1912) and other station bulletins. The scatter of the Observed−Computed traveltime residuals ranges from –30 to 30 s, too large to locate the event accurately. The uncertainty of the epicentre estimated from an S-P grid-search relocation study is at least 1° (∼110 km). We interpreted the Omori seismograms from Osaka, Mizusawa and Tokyo, and the Wiechert seismograms from Göttingen and Uppsala by comparing them with the seismograms simulated from modern broad-band seismograms of the 2002, 2008 and two 2010 Sumatra earthquakes which occurred near the 1907 earthquake. From the amplitude of Rayleigh waves recorded on the Omori seismograms we conclude that the magnitude of the 1907 earthquake at about 30 to 40 s is about 7.8 (i.e. 7.5 to 8.0). The SH waveforms recorded on the Göttingen and Uppsala seismograms suggest that the 1907 earthquake is a thrust earthquake at a shallow depth around 30 km. The most likely scenario is that the 1907 earthquake initiated on the subduction interface, and slowly ruptured up-dip into the shallow sediments and caused the extensive tsunami. Although their quantity and quality are limited, historical seismograms provide key quantitative information about old events that cannot be obtained otherwise. This underscores the importance of preserving historical seismograms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04731.x","usgsCitation":"Kanamori, H., Rivera, L., and Lee, W., 2010, Historical seismograms for unravelling a mysterious earthquake: The 1907 Sumatra Earthquake: Geophysical Journal International, v. 183, no. 1, p. 358-374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04731.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"358","endPage":"374","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2010.04731.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia 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Hiroo","contributorId":106120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"Hiroo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rivera, Luis","contributorId":102367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199988,"text":"70199988 - 2010 - Effects of light and nutrients on seasonal phytoplankton succession in a temperate eutrophic coastal lagoon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:04:24","indexId":"70199988","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T09:03:46","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of light and nutrients on seasonal phytoplankton succession in a temperate eutrophic coastal lagoon","docAbstract":"Rodeo Lagoon, a low-salinity coastal lagoon in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California, United States, has been identified as an important ecosystem due to the presence of the endangered goby (Eucyclogobius newberri). Despite low anthropogenic impacts, the lagoon exhibits eutrophic conditions and supports annual episodes of very high phytoplankton biomass. Weekly assessments (February–December 2007) of phytoplankton indicated diatoms, Nodularia spumigena, Chaetoceros muelleri var. muelleri, flagellated protozoa, a mixed assemblage, and Microcystis aeruginosa dominated the algal community in successive waves. Phytoplankton succession was significantly correlated (r 2 = 0.37, p < 0.001) with averaged daily irradiance (max = 29.7 kW m−2 d−1), water column light attenuation (max = 14 m−1), and orthophosphate and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations (max = 1.5 and 2920 μM, respectively). Negative effects of phytoplankton growth and decay included excessive ammonia concentrations (exceeded EPA guidelines on 77% of sampling days), hypoxia (<3 mg l−1dissolved oxygen), and introduction of several microcystins, all in the latter half of the year. Our one-year study suggests that this coastal lagoon is a highly seasonal system with strong feedbacks between phytoplankton and geochemical processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10750-010-0380-y","usgsCitation":"Drake, J.L., Carpenter, E.J., Cousins, M., Nelson, K.L., Guido-Zarate, A., and Loftin, K.A., 2010, Effects of light and nutrients on seasonal phytoplankton succession in a temperate eutrophic coastal lagoon: Hydrobiologia, v. 654, no. 1, p. 177-192, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0380-y.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"192","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0380-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rodeo Lagoon, Golden Gate National Recreation Area","volume":"654","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c655e4b034bf6a7f3e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Jeana L.","contributorId":208544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"Jeana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Edward J.","contributorId":208545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cousins, Mary","contributorId":208546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cousins","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Kara L.","contributorId":208547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guido-Zarate, Alejandro","contributorId":208548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guido-Zarate","given":"Alejandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70259344,"text":"70259344 - 2010 - Broad accommodation of rift-related extension recorded by dyke intrusion in Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-04T12:03:49.072847","indexId":"70259344","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-26T06:55:20","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broad accommodation of rift-related extension recorded by dyke intrusion in Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The extensive harrat lava province of Arabia formed during the past 30 million years in response to Red Sea rifting and mantle upwelling. The area was regarded as seismically quiet, but between April and June 2009 a swarm of more than 30,000 earthquakes struck one of the lava fields in the province, Harrat Lunayyir, northwest Saudi Arabia. Concerned that larger damaging earthquakes might occur, the Saudi Arabian government evacuated 40,000 people from the region. Here we use geologic, geodetic and seismic data to show that the earthquake swarm resulted from magmatic dyke intrusion. We document a surface fault rupture that is 8 km long with 91 cm of offset. Surface deformation is best modelled by the shallow intrusion of a north-west trending dyke that is about 10 km long. Seismic waves generated during the earthquakes exhibit overlapping very low- and high-frequency components. We interpret the low frequencies to represent intrusion of magma and the high frequencies to represent fracturing of the crystalline basement rocks. Rather than extension being accommodated entirely by the central Red Sea rift axis, we suggest that the broad deformation observed in Harrat Lunayyir indicates that rift margins can remain as active sites of extension throughout rifting. Our analyses allowed us to forecast the likelihood of a future eruption or large earthquake in the region and informed the decisions made by the Saudi Arabian government to return the evacuees.
Predators strongly influence species assemblages and shape morphological defenses of prey. Interestingly, adaptations that constitute effective defenses against one type of predator may render the prey susceptible to other types of predators. Hence, prey may evolve different strategies to escape predation, which may facilitate adaptive radiation of prey organisms. Larvae of different species in the dragonfly genus Leucorrhinia have various morphological defenses. We studied the distribution of these larvae in relation to the presence of predatory fish. In addition, we examined the variation in morphological defenses within species with respect to the occurrence of fish. We found that well-defended species, those with more and longer spines, were more closely associated with habitats inhabited by predatory fish and that species with weakly developed morphological defenses were more abundant in habitats without fish. The species predominantly connected to lakes with or without fish, respectively, were not restricted to a single clade in the phylogeny of the genus. Our data is suggestive of phenotypic plasticity in morphological defense in three of the studied species since these species showed longer spines in lakes with fish. We suggest that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may have broadened the range of habitats accessible to Leucorrhinia. It may have facilitated colonization of new habitats with different types of predators, and ultimately, speciation through adaptive radiation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, the Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10682-010-9361-x","usgsCitation":"Petrin, Z., Schilling, E., Loftin, C., and Johansson, F., 2010, Predators shape distribution and promote diversification of morphological defenses in Leucorrhinia , Odonata: Evolutionary Ecology, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1003-1016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-010-9361-x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1016","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010559","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305b8e4b0518e35468d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrin, Zlatko","contributorId":146556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrin","given":"Zlatko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, Emily Gaenzle","contributorId":66069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schilling","given":"Emily Gaenzle","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johansson, Frank","contributorId":146557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johansson","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98595,"text":"ofr20101176 - 2010 - Arctic sea ice decline: Projected changes in timing and extent of sea ice in the Bering and Chukchi Seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T19:13:14.422696","indexId":"ofr20101176","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1176","title":"Arctic sea ice decline: Projected changes in timing and extent of sea ice in the Bering and Chukchi Seas","docAbstract":"The Arctic region is warming faster than most regions of the world due in part to increasing greenhouse gases and positive feedbacks associated with the loss of snow and ice cover. One consequence has been a rapid decline in Arctic sea ice over the past 3 decades?a decline that is projected to continue by state-of-the-art models. Many stakeholders are therefore interested in how global warming may change the timing and extent of sea ice Arctic-wide, and for specific regions. To inform the public and decision makers of anticipated environmental changes, scientists are striving to better understand how sea ice influences ecosystem structure, local weather, and global climate. Here, projected changes in the Bering and Chukchi Seas are examined because sea ice influences the presence of, or accessibility to, a variety of local resources of commercial and cultural value. In this study, 21st century sea ice conditions in the Bering and Chukchi Seas are based on projections by 18 general circulation models (GCMs) prepared for the fourth reporting period by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007. Sea ice projections are analyzed for each of two IPCC greenhouse gas forcing scenarios: the A1B `business as usual? scenario and the A2 scenario that is somewhat more aggressive in its CO2 emissions during the second half of the century. A large spread of uncertainty among projections by all 18 models was constrained by creating model subsets that excluded GCMs that poorly simulated the 1979-2008 satellite record of ice extent and seasonality. \r\n\r\nAt the end of the 21st century (2090-2099), median sea ice projections among all combinations of model ensemble and forcing scenario were qualitatively similar. June is projected to experience the least amount of sea ice loss among all months. For the Chukchi Sea, projections show extensive ice melt during July and ice-free conditions during August, September, and October by the end of the century, with high agreement among models. High agreement also accompanies projections that the Chukchi Sea will be completely ice covered during February, March, and April at the end of the century. Large uncertainties, however, are associated with the timing and amount of partial ice cover during the intervening periods of melt and freeze. For the Bering Sea, median March ice extent is projected to be about 25 percent less than the 1979-1988 average by mid-century and 60 percent less by the end of the century. The ice-free season in the Bering Sea is projected to increase from its contemporary average of 5.5 months to a median of about 8.5 months by the end of the century. A 3-month longer ice- free season in the Bering Sea is attained by a 1-month advance in melt and a 2-month delay in freeze, meaning the ice edge typically will pass through the Bering Strait in May and January at the end of the century rather than June and November as presently observed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101176","usgsCitation":"Douglas, D., 2010, Arctic sea ice decline: Projected changes in timing and extent of sea ice in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1176, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101176.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1176.jpg"},{"id":13993,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407235,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93884.htm"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 80\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 80\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 160,\n 55\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 55\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 80\n ],\n [\n 160,\n 80\n ],\n [\n 160,\n 55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198323,"text":"70198323 - 2010 - Kiholo Bay, Hawaii, earthquake sequence of 2006: Relationship of the main shock slip with locations and source parameters of aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:32:51","indexId":"70198323","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T10:45:13","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Seismology","title":"Kiholo Bay, Hawaii, earthquake sequence of 2006: Relationship of the main shock slip with locations and source parameters of aftershocks","docAbstract":"We study the source process of the Kīholo Bay earthquake (MW 6.7), which occurred beneath the northwest part of the Island of Hawai‘i on 15 October 2006, and static stress drops of small earthquakes that occurred in 2006 and 2007 around the main shock including aftershocks. We relocate the aftershocks to determine the fault plane from the two nodal planes. The relocated aftershocks define an E‐W trending plane that dips to the south, in good agreement with one of the nodal planes given by the Global Centroid Moment Tensor solution. Waveform inversion is performed with multiple time windows to investigate the rupture speed and the slip distribution of the main shock. Waveforms of an aftershock with MW 5.2 are used to calculate empirical Green's functions. Our results indicate that the rupture propagated unilaterally to the west with a rupture speed greater than 3.0 km/s (63% of the shear wave velocity). This westward rupture is consistent with the fact that aftershocks are distributed predominantly to the west of the main shock epicenter. Most aftershocks are located on the edge of patches with a large slip, or asperities and some also occur inside the patches. We also estimate static stress drops of 39 earthquakes (2.5 < ML < 3.5) that occurred in 2006 and 2007 near the source region of the Kīholo Bay earthquake. Static stress drops range from 0.12 to 8.6 MPa and aftershocks around large slip patches of the main shock likely to have larger stress drops.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006657","usgsCitation":"Yamada, T., Okubo, P.G., and Wolfe, C.J., 2010, Kiholo Bay, Hawaii, earthquake sequence of 2006: Relationship of the main shock slip with locations and source parameters of aftershocks: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B8, B08304; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006657.","productDescription":"B08304; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b72ae4b0702d0e844db6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yamada, Takuji","contributorId":206548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamada","given":"Takuji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, Cecily J. 0000-0003-3144-5697 cwolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-5697","contributorId":191613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Cecily","email":"cwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98552,"text":"ofr20101115 - 2010 - Grassland birds wintering at U.S. Navy facilities in southern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:30:14","indexId":"ofr20101115","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1115","title":"Grassland birds wintering at U.S. Navy facilities in southern Texas","docAbstract":"Grassland birds have undergone widespread decline throughout North America during the past several decades. Causes of this decline include habitat loss and fragmentation because of conversion of grasslands to cropland, afforestation in the East, brush and shrub invasion in the Southwest and western United States, and planting of exotic grass species to enhance forage production. A large number of exotic plant species, including grasses, have been introduced in North America, but most research on the effects of these invasions on birds has been limited to breeding birds, primarily those in northern latitudes. Research on the effects of exotic grasses on birds in winter has been extremely limited.
This is the first study in southern Texas to examine and compare winter bird responses to native and exotic grasslands. This study was conducted during a period of six years (2003–2009) on United States Navy facilities in southern Texas including Naval Air Station–Corpus Christi, Naval Air Station–Kingsville, Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Waldron, Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Orange Grove, and Escondido Ranch, all of which contained examples of native grasslands, exotic grasslands, or both. Data from native and exotic grasslands were collected and compared for bird abundance and diversity; ground cover, vegetation density, and floristic diversity; bird and vegetation relationships; diversity of insects and arachnids; and seed abundance and diversity. Effects of management treatments in exotic grasslands were evaluated by comparing numbers and diversity of birds and small mammals in mowed, burned, and control areas.
To determine bird abundance and bird species richness, birds were surveyed monthly (December–February) during the winters of 2003–2008 in transects (100 meter × 20 meter) located in native and exotic grasslands distributed at all five U.S. Navy facilities. To compare vegetation in native and exotic grasslands, vegetation characteristics were measured during 2003–2008 in the same transects used for bird surveys and included five measures of ground cover, plus estimates of plant species richness, vegetation density (visual obstruction) at two different heights, and shrub numbers. These data, plus seasonal rainfall, were then used to evaluate components of variation in native and exotic grasslands. Relations between total bird numbers and bird species richness with environmental variation in native and exotic grasslands were compared. To compare diversity of arthropods in native and exotic grasslands, insects and arachnids were collected using three different methodologies (standardized sweep-net, random sweep-net, and pitfall traps) during four seasons, (2005–2006), at Naval Air Station–Corpus Christi, Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Waldron, and Naval Air Station–Kingsville. To compare seed abundance and diversity between native and exotic grasslands, seeds were collected for two winters (2004–2006) at Naval Air Station–Corpus Christi and Naval Air Station–Kingsville. To evaluate effects of management on grassland vertebrates, abundance and diversity of birds and small mammals were estimated and compared in exotic grasses subjected to mowing, burning, or no active management (control) for one full year (2008–2009).
Observations were made of 1,044 birds of 30 species in grassland transects during five winters. The Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) was the most common bird, which, with 644 detections, accounted for 63 percent of all individuals identified to species. Meadowlarks (Sturnella spp.) and Le Conte’s Sparrows (Ammodramus leconteii) were the second (10 percent) and third (7 percent) most abundant bird species, respectively. Six of the seven most abundant species detected in grasslands were grassland species, and their numbers accounted for 87 percent of all birds, but 20 of the 30 species (67 percent) that used grasslands were not grassland species. Seven species observed in grassland transects during the study were Species of Conservation Concern: Le Conte’s Sparrow, Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus), Sprague’s Pipit (Anthus spragueii), Cassin’s Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii), and Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus). Native grasslands consistently supported greater bird species richness than exotic grasslands. In one winter, exotic grasslands supported more birds than native grasslands.
Native grasslands were determined to have more forb cover, more bare ground, and greater plant species richness than exotic grasslands, whereas exotic grasslands were characterized by more grass cover and relatively greater vegetation density during dry years. Not only did these individual measures differ between native and exotic grasslands, but components of variation also differed. In native grasslands, grass density and cover contributed more to variation, whereas in exotic grasslands, non-grass vegetation was a greater component of variation. Total bird numbers and bird species richness in native grasslands were related to the principal component that contained a measure of litter cover. Total bird numbers and bird species richness in exotic grasslands indicated no significant relationships with any of the principal components of variation.
The two most common insect orders in native grasslands were Hymenoptera and Coleoptera, which accounted for 42 percent of all insects. The two most common insect orders in exotic grasslands were Hemiptera and Homoptera, which accounted for about 80 percent of all insects. Insect family richness was greater in exotic grasslands than in native grasslands in two of four seasons. Proportions of arachnid families were similar in native and exotic grasslands, but arachnid family richness was greater in exotic grasslands than in native grasslands.
Abundance of seeds was greater in exotic than in native grasslands. However, seed diversity was greater in native grasslands than in exotic grasslands.
Among the three types of management (mowed, burned, and control) applied to exotic grasses, birds were most abundant in the mowed area. Sedge Wrens, however, were never encountered in mowed sites. Meadowlarks were similarly abundant in all treatments, but Le Conte’s Sparrows were detected only in the control (unmanaged) area. Hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) accounted for 93 percent of all rodent captures, with the number of captures peaking December through February. Hispid cotton rat numbers and total rodent numbers were greatest in control and pre-burn areas, and lowest in the mowed area. Mammal diversity, however, was greatest in the mowed habitat.
Native and exotic grasslands differed essentially in all categories (bird numbers and diversity, vegetation characteristics, components of variation, diversity of insects and arachnids, and seed abundance and diversity) used to measure and compare them. This indicates that fundamental ecosystem processes have been altered after native grasslands have undergone invasion and ultimate domination by exotic grass species. Future research in Texas grassland ecosystems is essential because: 1) Texas sustains more area in grasslands than any other state or province in the Central Flyway; 2) Texas serves as the winter destination or migration pathway for hundreds of species of birds, including winter residents and Neotropical migrants; 3) ecology, distribution, and numbers of grassland birds wintering in southern latitudes of the United States remains poorly understood; and 4) climate change threatens to further accelerate advances of invading grass species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi\r\n","usgsCitation":"Woodin, M.C., Skoruppa, M.K., Bryan, P.D., Ruddy, A.J., and Hickman, G.C., 2010, Grassland birds wintering at U.S. Navy facilities in southern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1115, viii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101115.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1115.jpg"},{"id":341728,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1115/pdf/OFR2010-1115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,26 ], [ -100,29 ], [ -96,29 ], [ -96,26 ], [ -100,26 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodin, Marc C.","contributorId":56316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodin","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skoruppa, Mary Kay","contributorId":24872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skoruppa","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Kay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, Pearce D.","contributorId":70873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Pearce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruddy, Amanda J.","contributorId":9366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickman, Graham C.","contributorId":92354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}