{"pageNumber":"2021","pageRowStart":"50500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70157846,"text":"70157846 - 1985 - Geographic map of the Al Muwayh quadrangle, sheet 22E, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T15:18:05","indexId":"70157846","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-11T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"GM-88B, GM-105B","title":"Geographic map of the Al Muwayh quadrangle, sheet 22E, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"Sahl, M., Smith, J.W., Fuller, F.J., Saudi Arabia. Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah, and Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Geographic map of the Al Muwayh quadrangle, sheet 22E, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Map: 78x57 cm.","productDescription":"Map: 78x57 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              40.5,\n              22\n            ],\n            [\n              40.5,\n              23\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              23\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              22\n            ],\n            [\n              40.5,\n              22  \n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb696e4b058f706e53c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sahl, Mohammed","contributorId":148168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sahl","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, John W","contributorId":148169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Fred J","contributorId":148170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah","contributorId":147333,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah","id":574246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":574247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70210942,"text":"70210942 - 1985 - Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:30:43.203577","indexId":"70210942","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-07T11:37:53","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin","docAbstract":"<p>An analysis of diversity and abundance trends among all benthic foraminiferal genera and species, and particularly among species of Bolivina, was carried out for 59 samples of Neogene sediment from DSDP-IPOD Site 548, Goban Spur. By correlating these census data with lithological, geophysical, geochemical, and other faunal and floral measurements in the same stratigraphic interval, a record of irregularly fluctuating cycles was compiled. We interpret them as indicators of relative sea level. High sea levels are characterized by pelagic sedimentation and by high generic and total species diversities. During low sea level, diversity values were lower, and the accumulation of terrigenous detritus was more prevalent at the site. A sequence recording five highstands and five lowstands is interrupted by four unconformities in a scenario remarkably similar to that postulated in the work of P. R. Vail and his colleagues. Bolivina species diversity also varied cyclically. We interpret diversity of Bolivina species as a measure of relative oxygen and nutrient content at the water/sediment interface; high diversity indicates the presence of an oxygen-minimum layer, accompanied by nutrient enrichment. Our data show that this property generally varied directly with sea level, but sometimes varied independently.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985","usgsCitation":"Poag, C., and Low, D., 1985, Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, no. 1, p. 489-503, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Irish Continental","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -30.585937499999996,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.349609375,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.349609375,\n              63.860035895395306\n            ],\n            [\n              -30.585937499999996,\n              63.860035895395306\n            ],\n            [\n              -30.585937499999996,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Doris","contributorId":108102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Doris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":792249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70210899,"text":"70210899 - 1985 - Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironmental, and paleomagnetic synthesis of the Goban Spur region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T13:27:24.914928","indexId":"70210899","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T14:43:04","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironmental, and paleomagnetic synthesis of the Goban Spur region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80","docAbstract":"<p>A composite stratigraphic section based on the four DSDP-IPOD Leg 80 drill sites provides a nearly complete record of syn-rift and post-rift events in the vicinity of Goban Spur. Syn-rift sediments were deposited in marginal marine to outer shelf environments. Above the \"breakup\" unconformity (hiatus spanning most of the Aptian), post-rift Albian sediments indicate the development of a deep-water seaway in the Goban Spur region. The latest Campanian/Maestrichtian interval records the initiation of rather uniform, widely distributed marine sedimentation throughout the region. Climatic changes, rather than changes in water depth, became conspicuous during the Tertiary. Widespread, nearly synchronous periods of nondeposition or erosion occurred in the Paleocene, middle Eocene, middle Oligocene, and late Miocene. Differences in the sediment record among sites are due to their varying positions (1) along the margin of the developing Atlantic seaway and (2) within their respective half-graben depositional basins. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.157.1985","usgsCitation":"Snyder, S.W., Muller, C., Townsend, H., and Poag, C., 1985, Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironmental, and paleomagnetic synthesis of the Goban Spur region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, p. 1169-1186, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.157.1985.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1169","endPage":"1186","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.157.1985","text":"External Repository"},{"id":376096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Goban Spur","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -12.3486328125,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.295410156249999,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.295410156249999,\n              51.72702815704774\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.3486328125,\n              51.72702815704774\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.3486328125,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Scott W.","contributorId":101109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, C.","contributorId":65227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townsend, Hilary","contributorId":228806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townsend","given":"Hilary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001568,"text":"1001568 - 1985 - An evaluation of condition indices for birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T15:57:40.789422","indexId":"1001568","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of condition indices for birds","docAbstract":"<p>A Lipid Index, the ratio of fat to fat-free dry weight, is proposed as a measure of fat stores in birds. The estimation of the index from field measurements of live birds is illustrated with data on the sandhill crane (<i>Grus canadensis)</i> and greater white-fronted goose (<i>Anser</i> <i>albifrons</i>). Of the various methods of assessing fat stores, lipid extraction is the most accurate but also the most involved. Water extraction is a simpler laboratory method that provides a good index to fat and can be calibrated to serve as an estimator. Body weight itself is often inadequate as a condition index, but scaling by morphological measurements can markedly improve its value.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801673","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Krapu, G.L., Reinecke, K., and Jorde, D., 1985, An evaluation of condition indices for birds: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 3, p. 569-575, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801673.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"575","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":340946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth J.","affiliations":[{"id":81683,"text":"Patuxent Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012191,"text":"70012191 - 1985 - The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T16:00:02.504273","indexId":"70012191","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"<p><span>The modes of occurrence of extractable elements from 21 A and C horizon samples of uncultivated soils were examined using R-mode factor analysis. The extractants (DTPA, EDTA, HCl, hydroquinone, magnesium nitrate, and ammonium oxalate) cover a wide range of chemical attack. Four major elements (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) and eight trace elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in each extractant solution. A variety of chemical, mineralogical, and physical variables were also determined on each sample. Four varimax factors (clay, organic, Fe and Mn oxides, and soluble-Na) accounted for 74.2% of the total variance of the 90 variables for the A horizon. Seven varimax factors (Fe and Mn oxides, clay, CEC, soluble-Na, organic, Fe and Mn, and plagioclase) accounted for 77.2% of the total variance of the 79 variables for the C horizon. A and C horizon extractable trace elements are most generally related to Fe and Mn oxides, as indicated by loadings on the Fe and Mn oxide factor for both the A and C horizons. Each extractant generally operates on different modes of occurrence of an element in soil. For example, substantial differences occur between the HCl-, oxalate-, and hydroquinone-extractable trace elements. However, the modes of occurrence for trace elements removed by DTPA and EDTA were very similar, suggesting strong relationships between elements dissolved by these two extractants. The modes of occurrence for each individual major element are similar with each of the six extractants. A horizon Ca and Mg, and C horizon K and Mg are strongly related to a clay factor. C horizon Ca and A horizon K are strongly related to the CEC and organic factors, respectively. Both A and C horizon extractable Na are very strongly related to the soluble-Na factor. These results suggest that extractable major elements are water-soluble and are associated with the constituents that are responsible for that factor. Consequently, strong relationships should occur for any individual major element dissolved by any pair of extractants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040017x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"McNeal, J., Severson, R.C., and Gough, L.P., 1985, The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 49, no. 4, p. 873-881, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040017x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"881","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.020405371633,\n              50.60237281791913\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.020405371633,\n              43.001994343510944\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.19016086453725,\n              43.001994343510944\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.19016086453725,\n              50.60237281791913\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.020405371633,\n              50.60237281791913\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae3ee4b08c986b323f73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNeal, J.M.","contributorId":61817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":362962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013029,"text":"70013029 - 1985 - Authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian carbonates: Evidence of Alleghanian brine migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:06:45.935611","indexId":"70013029","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian carbonates: Evidence of Alleghanian brine migration","docAbstract":"The shallow-water limestones and dolostones of the Conococheague Limestone (Upper Cambrian) of western Maryland contain large amounts of authigenic potassium feldspar. The presence of halite daughter crystals in breached fluid inclusions, low whole-rock ratios of chlorine to bromine, and thermochemical data suggest that the potassium feldspar formed at low temperature by the reaction of connate brines with intercalated siliciclastic debris. Analyses of argon age spectra indicate that the authigenic feldspar probably formed during Late Pennsylvanian to Early Permian time. These results may indicate mobilization and migration of connate brines brought about by Alleghanian folding. The widespread occurrence of authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate rocks throughout the Appalachians suggests that this may have occurred throughout the entire basin.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.228.4707.1529","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., and Sutter, J.F., 1985, Authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian carbonates: Evidence of Alleghanian brine migration: Science, v. 228, no. 4707, p. 1529-1531, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4707.1529.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1529","endPage":"1531","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"western Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.4875504454591,\n              39.755308613044775\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4875504454591,\n              39.12801376547927\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.7318523707996,\n              39.52568790617369\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.08669041815635,\n              39.549166343492075\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.44537448197087,\n              39.08358641072959\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.93964081745507,\n              39.10580008810443\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.43390715293927,\n              39.12801376547927\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.43390715293927,\n              39.755308613044775\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4875504454591,\n              39.755308613044775\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"228","issue":"4707","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeeee4b0c8380cd4a03c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Paul P. Jr. phearn@usgs.gov","contributorId":145723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"Paul P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"phearn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, John F.","contributorId":81127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70121048,"text":"70121048 - 1985 - The water resources models of the instream flow group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T11:24:15","indexId":"70121048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-10T11:23:16","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"The water resources models of the instream flow group","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Computer applications in water resources: Proceedings of the specialty conference sponsored by the resources planning and management division","conferenceTitle":"Computer applications in water resources","conferenceDate":"1985-06-10T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1985, The water resources models of the instream flow group, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464d0e4b073ff773a7d76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210572,"text":"70210572 - 1985 - Origin and tectonic evolution of the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-09T19:50:48.233035","indexId":"70210572","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-09T14:41:27","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and tectonic evolution of the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Major portions of the eastern Alaska Range, south of the Denali fault, in the McCarthy, Nabesna, Mount Hayes, and eastern Healy quadrangles, consist predominantly of the Maclaren and Wrangellia tectono-stratigraphic terranes. The Maclaren terrane consists of the Maclaren Glacier metamorphic belt and the regionally deformed and metamorphosed East Susitna batholith. The Maclaren Glacier metamorphic belt is composed of argillite, metagraywacke, and sparse andesite flows that are progressively regionally metamorphosed from lower greenschist facies to middle amphibolite facies near the East Susitna batholith. The East Susitna batholith is composed of gabbro, quartz diorite, granodiorite, and sparse quartz monzonite. Isotopic ages are as old as a K-Ar hornblende age of 87.5 m.y., possibly reset, and a U-Pb zircon age of 70 m.y. The batholith is intensely deformed and regionally metamorphosed under conditions of the middle amphibolite facies.</p><p>The Wrangellia terrane is divided into two subterranes: (1) the Slana River subterrane, composed of late Paleozoic andesite to dacite flows, tuff, limestone, and argillite, unconformably overlying massive basalt flows of the Triassic Nikolai Greenstone, Late Triassic limestone, and younger Mesozoic flysch; and (2) the Tangle subterrane, a deeper-water equivalent of the Slana River subterrane, composed of late Paleozoic and Early Triassic aquagene tuff, chert, minor andesite tuff and flows, limestone, unconformably overlying pillow basalt and massive basalt flows of the Triassic Nikolai Greenstone, and Late Triassic limestone. Both subterranes are intruded by locally extensive gabbro and diabase dikes and by cumulate mafic and ultramafic sills.</p><p>Less extensive terranes (two) are the Clearwater terrane, a sequence of intensely deformed chlorite schist, muscovite schist, marble, and greenstone of Late Triassic age; and an unnamed terrane of ultramafic and associated rocks of presumable Paleozoic or Mesozoic age. Each terrane or subterrane generally has (1) a distinctive time-stratigraphic sequence reflecting a unique geologic history; (2) a missing provenance for bedded sedimentary or volcanic rocks; and (3) bounding thrust or strike-slip faults, interpreted as accretionary sutures.</p><p>The Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes are juxtaposed along the Broxson Gulch thrust, which consists of an imbricate series of north-dipping thrust faults. Paralleling the Broxson Gulch thrust, a few kilometres to the south, is the north-dipping Eureka Creek thrust, along which are juxtaposed the Slana River and Tangle subterranes. The Maclaren terrane is correlated with the Kluane Schist and the Ruby Range batholith in the southern Yukon Territory, which represent the northward extension of the Taku and Tracy Arm terranes. If correct, this correlation defines a minimum displacement of the Maclaren terrane along the Denali fault of ∼400 km.</p><p>The Maclaren terrane is interpreted to have formed in a synorogenic Andean-type arc setting on the west margin of Mesozoic North America in the middle to late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic. The Wrangellia terrane is interpreted to have initially formed in an island-arc setting during the late Paleozoic. Subsequently in the Late Triassic, the Wrangellia terrane underwent rifting near the paleoequator, with formation of the Nikolai Greenstone and associated mafic and ultra-mafic igneous rocks. In the middle and late Mesozoic, Wrangellia migrated toward, and was accreted during, the middle Cretaceous to the Maclaren terrane along the Broxson Gulch thrust. Subsequent dispersion of both the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes along the Denali fault and the Broxson Gulch thrust commenced during the early Tertiary and continues through the present.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1251:OATEOT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Jones, D.L., and Silberling, N.J., 1985, Origin and tectonic evolution of the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 96, no. 10, p. 1251-1270, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1251:OATEOT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1270","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.962890625,\n              61.227957176677876\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              61.227957176677876\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              64.1297836764257\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.962890625,\n              64.1297836764257\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.962890625,\n              61.227957176677876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silberling, Norman J.","contributorId":102438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberling","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210571,"text":"70210571 - 1985 - Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits, Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-11T15:17:53.269547","indexId":"70210571","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-09T14:31:59","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits, Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Similar stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits occur in the Red Dog Creek area, De Long Mountains quadrangle, and in the Drenchwater Creek area, Howard Pass quadrangle, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska. The deposits, located approximately 180 km apart, are hosted by Mississippian and Pennsylvanian strata of the Kagvik structural sequence of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic age. This sequence is situated in the lowermost structural plate of a series of predominantly east-striking, shallow-dipping thrust plates that characterize the regional structure. The deposits occur in shale, tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, altered chert, and quartz exhalite. These units are in places interlayered with or adjacent to bedded or nodular barite or submarine keratophyre flows. Chert and shale commonly contain abundant highly altered, fine-grained feldspar, pumice lapilli, and mafic volcanic rock fragments.The main types of occurrences at Red Dog Creek are: (1) disseminated and stratiform sulfides thinly bedded in organic-rich Mississippian and Pennsylvanian shale and chert, (2) massive sulfide veins and breccia fillings in silicified Mississippian and Pennsylvanian shale, and (3) stratiform sulfide-bearing lenses subdivided into (3a) quartz-exhalite with up to several percent sulfides and barite, (3b) massive sulfide-quartz lenses with up to several percent barite, and (3c) barite-quartz lenses with up to several percent sulfides.At Drenchwater Creek sulfides and barite occur as: (1) disseminations in shale, chert, tuff, and tuffaceous sandstone; (2) disseminations to aggregates in quartz exhalite; and (3) occurrences in veins crosscutting cleavages in brecciated chert and shale.The stratiform sulfides occur in zones up to several thousand meters long and several tens of meters thick. Preliminary grades at Red Dog Creek are 17.1 percent zinc, 5.0 percent lead, and 2.4 oz silver per ton contained in at least 85 million tons.The range of sulfide sulfur isotope values at Red Dog Creek is -16.6 per mil to +3.6 per mil. Sphalerite averages 0.8 per mil. Pyrite is isotopically lighter than coexisting sphalerite in quartz exhalite and massive sulfide lenses. This isotopic relationship is compatible with paragenetic relationships which show pyrite crystallized both earlier and later than other sulfides. Galena is isotopically lighter than coexisting sphalerite. Three groups of geologically and isotopically distinct barites exist including isotopic values appropriate for derivation from late Paleozoic seawater sulfate.Early in the depositional sequence isotopically light pyrite formed from organically reduced seawater sulfate. Sphalerite, galena, late pyrite, and some barite precipitated from two sulfur-bearing solutions that mixed at the mineralization site. Isotopically light barite associated with sulfides precipitated from oxidized H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;S without seawater sulfate contribution. Lead isotope data from Red Dog and Drenchwater Creeks are compatible with generation of lead in a Phanerozoic mature island-arc setting, a typical orogene, or possibly a back-arc type intracratonic basin.The stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits probably formed in an incipient island-arc environment near a continental margin, containing magmas of keratophyric and andesitic composition, where metal-laden hydrothermal fluids discharged into a deep (?) water, low-energy environment. Later intense deformation, associated with plate docking and thrusting, disrupted and partly remobilized and stratiform deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SPEM","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.7.1896","usgsCitation":"Lange, I.M., Nokleberg, W.J., Plahuta, J., Krouse, H., and Doe, B.R., 1985, Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits, Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1896-1926, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.7.1896.","productDescription":"31p.","startPage":"1896","endPage":"1926","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northwestern Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              66.38155976071747\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.7216796875,\n              66.38155976071747\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.7216796875,\n              68.87143872335129\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              68.87143872335129\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              66.38155976071747\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lange, Ian M.","contributorId":149316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lange","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plahuta, J.T.","contributorId":225176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plahuta","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krouse, H.R.","contributorId":63067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krouse","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70171506,"text":"70171506 - 1985 - Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T17:04:43","indexId":"70171506","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waters&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">within</span><span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">north</span><span>&nbsp;coastal&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">limestone</span><span class=\"searchword\">aquifers</span><span>&nbsp;are suitable for public supply, industrial and agricultural uses. For the artesian aquifer and the updip parts of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>table aquifer, calcium and bicarbonate are the dominant ionic species with total dissolved solids and chloride concentrations below 500 and 250 mg/L, respectively. In coastal areas of the</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>&nbsp;table aquifer, where a freshwater-saltwater mixing zone occurs, the calcium bicarbonate facie grade to a sodium-chloride facie.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">Within</span><span>&nbsp;this zone, concentrations of total dissolved solids and chloride are greater than 250 and 500 mg/L respectively, affecting the suitability of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>&nbsp;for some uses. Geochemical models were constructed to determine the physical and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">chemical</span><span>reasons for the prevailing&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">quality</span><span>&nbsp;patterns of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">north</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">coast</span><span class=\"searchword\">limestone</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">aquifers</span><span>. Models indicate that calcite and carbon dioxide dissolution, precipitation or degassing are the primary processes. The mixing of recharge&nbsp;</span><span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span>&nbsp;or saltwater with aquifer waters is an important feature within the water table aquifer. The models provide further evidence that support the circulation of groundwater within the north coast limestone.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Tropical Hydrology and 2nd Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"May 5-8, 1985","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","issn":"0731-9789","usgsCitation":"Roman-Mas, A.J., and Lee, R.W., 1985, Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico, <i>in</i> American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1, San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 5-8, 1985, p. 57-63.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500784e4b0ee97d51bb831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman-Mas, Angel J.","contributorId":8436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"Angel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185595,"text":"70185595 - 1985 - Comment on \"Possible effects of erosional changes of the topographic relief on pore pressure at depth\" by J. Tóth and R.F. Millar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T17:54:58","indexId":"70185595","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"Possible effects of erosional changes of the topographic relief on pore pressure at depth\" by J. Tóth and R.F. Millar","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i006p00895","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., 1985, Comment on \"Possible effects of erosional changes of the topographic relief on pore pressure at depth\" by J. Tóth and R.F. Millar: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 6, p. 895-898, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i006p00895.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"895","endPage":"898","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr021i006p00895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303ce4b05ec799131105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210125,"text":"70210125 - 1985 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T18:51:57.49118","indexId":"70210125","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-14T13:38:33","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Samples dredged from a 15‐m‐high hydrothermal mound atop the flat turbidite pond in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin consist of pyrrhotite‐rich massive sulfide, barite, barite + calcite, talc, and opaline silica as well as substrate material composed of fossiliferous, clay‐rich ooze. An 11‐m‐long sediment core taken near the dredge site shows increasing hydrothermal alteration with depth; anhydrite‐filled fractures near the base of the core appear to be channels for hydrothermal discharge. Oxidation of the sulfide‐rich samples to an assemblage of geothite, lepidocrocite, and amorphous Fe oxyhydroxide is ubiquitous. Compared to other massive sulfide deposits on sediment‐starved oceanic ridges, the hydrothermal deposit dredged in Guaymas Basin has a high pyrrhotite/pyrite ratio, a low Zn sulfide and combined ore metal (Cu + Zn + Pb + Ag + Cd) content, and a greater abundance of sulfate, carbonate, and silicate phases. Venting hydrothermal solutions are alkaline with moderately high&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>H; high Ca, Ba, and SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;content; low ƒS</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and ƒo</span><sub>2</sub><span>; and very low transition metal content. Disequilibrium assemblages of pyrrhotite and sulfate minerals form during rapid mixing of this evolved vent fluid with ambient bottom waters at the discharge site. Talc is formed at a temperature near 270°C by mixing or entrainment of Mg‐rich bottom water or pore fluid with upwelling hydrothermal fluid that is saturated with silica. Calcite may precipitate from the alkaline, Ca‐rich fluid during degassing of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The minimum temperature range for sulfide and nonsulfide deposition is approximately 190°–326°C. The composition of hydrothermal deposits, vent solutions, and altered sediment requires that circulating fluids evolve during deep penetration into the basaltic basement complex, further interaction with the organic‐and carbonate‐rich sediment pile, and near‐surface mixing with ambient seawater. Although the stable assemblage albite‐epidote‐clinochlore present at depth in the sediment pile requires very low dissolved Mg and Fe in the altering fluid, the addition of Mg to deeply buried sediment indicates significant recharge of the system by Guaymas Basin bottom water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB08p06695","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., Lonsdale, P.F., Shanks, W.C., Berndt, M., and Howe, S.S., 1985, Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B8, p. 6695-6707, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB08p06695.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6695","endPage":"6707","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.41259765625,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.41259765625,\n              28.323724553546015\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              28.323724553546015\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonsdale, P. F.","contributorId":101258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonsdale","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C","contributorId":194073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berndt, M.E.","contributorId":78487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70210008,"text":"70210008 - 1985 - Comparative geochemical and mineralogical studies of two cyclic transgressive pelagic limestone units, cretaceous Western Interior Basin, U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-22T14:05:17.988549","indexId":"70210008","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-08T13:38:25","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3842,"text":"SEPM Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative geochemical and mineralogical studies of two cyclic transgressive pelagic limestone units, cretaceous Western Interior Basin, U.S.","docAbstract":"<p>Pelagic limestone units were deposited in the North American Western Interior seaway during two major Cretaceous transgressive episodes. The Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Formation, deposited during the Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian transgression, and the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Formation, deposited during the overall Early Coniacian-Early Campanian transgression, are both enriched in organic-carbon and exhibit smallscale carbonate cycles representing periodicities in the range 20 to 40 ky. The distinct periodicity and overall unusual depositional milieu of both units are reflected in their sedimentary structures, mineralogy, and geochemistry.</p><p>The Bridge Creek Limestone at Pueblo, Colorado, averages 78% CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and 1.75% organic carbon with ranges of 42-96% and 0.06-6.97%, respectively, across small-scale cycles. High concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ti, Na, Cr, Ni, V; higher Sr/Ca and lower Si/Al ratios; and lighter δ<sup>18</sup>0 in CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in dark-colored clay-rich beds all suggest periodic influx of terrestrial clay minerals during times of peak fresh water runoff from uplifted highlands to the west. Higher Sr/Ca ratios in marlstone beds than in limestone beds suggest that the marlstone beds have undergone less diagenetic removal of Sr. Higher concentrations of organic carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur, and preservation of some lamination in the clay-rich beds also suggest that the times of enhanced runoff may have induced stable salinity stratification in the water column, which led to gradual depletion of dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters and enhanced preservation of organic carbon in sediments. The geochemistry also suggests that a significant change in sedimentation occurred at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary.</p><p>The geochemical characteristics of the Niobrara Formation near Fort collins, Colorado, are very similar to those of the Bridge Creek Limestone at Pueblo, suggesting similar depositional conditions and source of clastic materials. However, the small scale cycles are present but more subdued in the Niobrara Formation than in the Bridge Creek Limestone, and the Niobrara Formation in the Fort Collins area has not been as altered by diagenesis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/sepmfg.04.016","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M., Dean, W.E., Pollastro, R.M., Claypool, G., and Scholle, P.A., 1985, Comparative geochemical and mineralogical studies of two cyclic transgressive pelagic limestone units, cretaceous Western Interior Basin, U.S.: SEPM Special Publication, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmfg.04.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scholle, Peter A.","contributorId":48954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":788789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70121027,"text":"70121027 - 1985 - Evolution and application of instream flow methodologies to small hydropower developments: an overview of the issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T09:50:54","indexId":"70121027","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-01T09:49:37","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Evolution and application of instream flow methodologies to small hydropower developments: an overview of the issues","docAbstract":"ethods for evaluating instream flow needs have evolved over the last 30 years resulting in two categories which are defined as “standard-setting” and “incremental”. Standard-setting methodologies refer to those measurement and interpretative techniques designed to generate a flow value(s) which is intended to maintain the fishery at some acceptable level. Incremental methodologies on the other hand are organized and repeatable processes by which: (1) a fishery habitat/streamflow relationship and the hydrology of the stream are transformed into a baseline habitat time series; (2) proposed water management alternatives are quantified and compared with the baseline; and (3) project operating rules are negotiated. A hierarchical approach to small-hydro instream flow analysis is suggested.","largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on Small Hydro/Fisheries Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Small Hydro/Fisheries Symposium","conferenceDate":"1985-05-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Trihey, E.W., and Stalnaker, C., 1985, Evolution and application of instream flow methodologies to small hydropower developments: an overview of the issues, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cae4b073ff773a7d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trihey, E. Woody","contributorId":54121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trihey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Woody","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stalnaker, Clair B.","contributorId":30871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalnaker","given":"Clair B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70141862,"text":"70141862 - 1985 - Detection of leaks in buried rural water pipelines using thermal infrared images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:22:44","indexId":"70141862","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of leaks in buried rural water pipelines using thermal infrared images","docAbstract":"<p>Leakage is a major problem in many pipelines. Minor leaks called 'seeper leaks', which generally range from 2 to 10 m<sup>3</sup> per day, are common and are difficult to detect using conventional ground surveys. The objective of this research was to determine whether airborne thermal-infrared remote sensing could be used in detecting leaks and monitoring rural water pipelines. This study indicates that such leaks can be detected using low-altitude 8.7- to 11.5. micrometer wavelength, thermal infrared images collected under proper conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., 1985, Detection of leaks in buried rural water pipelines using thermal infrared images: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 51, no. 5, p. 561-564.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"564","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f1a359e4b02419550ceb57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039547,"text":"70039547 - 1985 - Mission, goals, and authorities of the U.S. Geological Survey, June 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:52","indexId":"70039547","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T11:43:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Mission, goals, and authorities of the U.S. Geological Survey, June 1985","docAbstract":"We live in a society which depends on natural resources. Our high standard of living requires use of the land, water, and mineral endowment of the Earth. In using these resources, we may affect our environment and alter our options for land and resource use in the future. How can we ensure an adequate supply of this natural wealth in the future? In what ways are we irreversibly altering our natural environment? How can we avoid undesirable or unacceptable side effects of man's use of the land and prevent or mitigate earth-related hazards? To respond to these and other similar questions, knowledge about the Earth, its structure, its resources, and its dynamics is essential.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039547","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Mission, goals, and authorities of the U.S. Geological Survey, June 1985 (Provisional), 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039547.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261672,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039547/report.pdf"},{"id":261673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039547/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Provisional","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b53e4b0c8380cd6f4c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186160,"text":"70186160 - 1985 - The aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol adsorbed on geothite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:08:41","indexId":"70186160","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3049,"text":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol adsorbed on geothite","docAbstract":"<p><span> Suspensions of goethite (α-FeOOH) were photolyzed in aerated ethylene glycol-water solutions at pH 6.5, with ultraviolet light in the wavelength range300–400 nm. Under these conditions, formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde were detected as photoproducts. Quantum yields of formaldehyde production ranged from 1.9 7times; 10</span><sup>-5</sup><span> to 2.9 × 10</span><sup>-4</sup><span> over the ethylene glycol concentration range of 0.002-2.0 mol/ℓ, and gave evidence that the reaction occurred at the goethite surface. Quantum yields of glycolaldehyde were 20% less than those of formaldehyde, and displayed a concentration-dependent relationship with ethylene glycol similar to that of formaldehyde. Immediately after photolysis, Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span> was measured to be 4.6 × 10</span><sup>-7</sup><span> mol/ℓ in an aerated suspension containing 1.3 mol/ℓ ethylene glycol, and 8.5 × 10</span><sup>-6</sup><span> mol/ℓ in the corresponding deoxygenated suspension. Glycolaldehyde was not generated in the deoxygenated suspensions. These results are consistent with a mechanism involving the transfer of an electron from an adsorbed ethylene glycol molecule to an excited state of Fe</span><sup>3+</sup><span> (Iron[III]) in the goethite lattice, to produce Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span> and an organic cation. In a series of reactions involving O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, FeOOH, and Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, the organic cation decomposes to form formaldehyde and the intermediate radicals “OH and” CH</span><sub>2</sub><span>OH. OH reacts further with ethylene glycol in the presence of O</span><sub>2</sub><span>to yield glycolaldehyde. Aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol sorbed onto goethite is typical of reactions that can occur in the aquatic environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03505.x","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.M., Goldberg, M.C., and Weiner, E., 1985, The aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol adsorbed on geothite: Photochemistry and Photobiology, v. 41, no. 4, p. 409-416, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03505.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"409","endPage":"416","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kirkwood M.","contributorId":85325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kirkwood","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Marvin C.","contributorId":26066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiner, E.R.","contributorId":190183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiner","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222030,"text":"5222030 - 1985 - An aerial photographic census of Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T16:52:48.957349","indexId":"5222030","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An aerial photographic census of Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina canvasbacks","docAbstract":"<p>We used conventional 35-mm photography to conduct an aerial photographic census of canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) throughout Chesapeake Bay (tidal Maryland and Virginia) and coastal North Carolina, 26-30 January 1981. Flock size and sex ratio characteristics were determined from examination of color transparencies of 165 canvasback flocks totaling over 95,000 birds. A sex ratio of 2.91 males/female was determined from 68,769 birds, 80% of the birds in 150 flocks. Sex ratio for the Atlantic Flyway was projected as 2.90 males/female. We recorded the greatest number of canvasbacks and the widest range of flock size in Maryland waters; the fewest canvasbacks and the smallest average flock size in Virginia; and the fewest but on average the largest flocks of canvasbacks in North Carolina. Sex ratio varied latitudinally in the flyway with a tendency for males to occupy more northern and females more southern latitudes in winter. Sex ratio (males/female) was highest in Maryland (3.98), slightly lower in Virginia (3.71), and lowest in North Carolina (1.70). Locally, sex ratio varied with flock size. In Chesapeake Bay, small flocks (&lt;100 birds) had lower sex ratio (P &lt; 0.05) than medium (100-1,000) or large (&gt;1,000) flocks. By providing large- sample sex ratio information, as well as exact counts of birds, we conclude that low-level 35-mm aerial photography is the most efficient and accurate means of determining canvasback population status in eastern coastal habitats.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801550","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., Goldsberry, J., McAuley, D., and Derleth, E., 1985, An aerial photographic census of Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina canvasbacks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 2, p. 449-454, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801550.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"454","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487094,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3801550","text":"Publisher Index 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 \"}}]}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db686049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsberry, J.R.","contributorId":33013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsberry","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derleth, E.L.","contributorId":31483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derleth","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70226903,"text":"70226903 - 1985 - A constitutive equation for mass-movement behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T20:26:15.029186","indexId":"70226903","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T14:22:02","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A constitutive equation for mass-movement behavior","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>A phenomenological constitutive equation can serve as a basis for modeling and classifying mass-movement processes. The equation is derived using the principles of continuum mechanics and several simplifying assumptions about mass-movement behavior. These assumptions represent idealizations of field behavior, but they appear highly justifiable in light of the geomorphological insight that can be gained through modeling application of a mathematically tractable constitutive equation. The equation represents coupled pressure-dependent plastic yield and nonlinear viscous flow deformation components. The plastic yield component is a generalization of the Coulomb criterion to three-dimensional stress states, and the effect of pore-water pressures is accounted for by treating normal stresses as effective stresses. The nonlinear viscous flow component is a dimensionally homogeneous form of a three-dimensional power-law equation. Straightforward laboratory and field experiments can be used to estimate all plastic and viscous parameters in the constitutive equation. Reduction of the three-dimensional constitutive equation to two-and one-dimensional forms shows that it embodies, as special cases, many other constitutive models for mass movement. These include models of creeping, slumping, sliding, and flowing types of deformation. The equation may, therefore, serve as a conceptual basis for rheological classification of diverse mass-movement phenomena.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/628937","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 1985, A constitutive equation for mass-movement behavior: Journal of Geology, v. 93, no. 2, p. 143-160, https://doi.org/10.1086/628937.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"160","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120936,"text":"70120936 - 1985 - Effects of flood control alternatives on fish and wildlife resources of the Malheur-Harney lakes basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T14:26:41","indexId":"70120936","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T14:15:31","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"WELUT-85/W06","title":"Effects of flood control alternatives on fish and wildlife resources of the Malheur-Harney lakes basin","docAbstract":"<p>Malheur Lake is the largest freshwater marsh in the western contiguous United States and is one of the main management units of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Oregon. The marsh provides excellent waterfowl production habitat as well as vital migration habitats for birds in the Pacific flyway. Water shortages have typically been a problem in this semiarid area; however, record snowfalls and cool summers have recently caused Malheur Lake to rise to its highest level in recorded history. This has resulted in the loss of approximately 57,000 acres of important wildlife habitat as well as extensive flooding of local ranches, roads, and railroad lines. Because of the importance of the Refuge, any water management plan for the Malheur-Harney Lakes Basin needs to consider the impact of management alternatives on the hydrology of Malheur Lake.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The facilitated modeling workshop described in this report was conducted January 14-18, 1985, under the joint sponsorship of the Portland Ecological Services Field Office and the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Region 1, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The Portland Field Office is responsible for FWS reporting requirements on Federal water resource projects while the Refuge staff has management responsibility for much of the land affected by high water levels in the Malheur-Harney Lakes Basin. The primary objective of the workshop was to begin gathering and analyzing information concerning potential fish and wildlife impacts, needs, and opportunities associated with proposed U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) flood control alternatives for Malheur Lake. The workshop was structured around the formulation of a computer model that would simulate the hydrologic effects of the various alternatives and any concommitant changes in vegetation communities and wildlife use patterns.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The simulation model is composed of three connected submodels. The Hydrology submodel calculates changes in lake volume, elevation, and surface area, as well as changes in water quality, that result from the proposed water management projects (upstream storage, upstream diversions, drainage canals) and the no action alternative. The Vegetation submodel determines associated changes in the areal extent of wetland and upland vegetation communities. Finally, the Wildlife submodel calculates indices of abundance or habitat suitability for colonial nesting birds (great egret, double-crested cormorant, white-faced ibis), greater sandhill crane, diving ducks, tundra swan, dabbling ducks, and Canada goose based on hydrologic and vegetation conditions. The model represents the Malheur-Harney Lakes Basin, but provides water quantity and quality indicators associated with additional flows that might occur in the Malheur River Basin. Several management scenarios, representing various flood control alternatives and assumptions concerning future runoff, were run to analyze model behavior. Scenario results are not intended as an analysis of all potential management actions or assumptions concerning future runoff. Rather, they demonstrate the type of analysis that could be conducted if the model was sufficiently refined and tested.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Early in a model development project, the <u>process</u> of building the model is usually of greater benefit than the model itself.  The model building process stimulates interaction among agencies, assists in integrating existing information, and helps identify research needs.  These benefits usually accrue even in the absence of real predictive power in the resulting model.  This workshop initiated interaction among the primary State and Federal resource and development agencies in a nonadversarial forum.  The exchange of information and expertise among agencies provided the FWS with the best information currently available for use in the Planning Aid Letter it will develop at the Reconnaissance state of the COE study.  If the COE subsequently initiates a Feasability Study, this information will be refined further and will aid the FWS in preparing its Coordination Act Report on any flood control alternative proposed by the COE.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The model building and testing process also helped identify model limitations and more general information needs that should be evaluated for further study prior to preparation of an FWS Coordination Act Report.  Major needs associated with the Hydrology submodel include a more detailed representation of hydrologic units (separately consider Harney Lake, Mud Lake, and Malheur Lake or the three hydrological units within Malheur Lake, rather than a combined lake system) and explicitly representation of groundwater storage and discharge in water budget calculations.  A better representation of the hydrological units will require more detailed topographic data for the basin, capacity-elevation and elevation-surface area curves for each unit, and better water flow data between the units.  Additional water quality parameters and constraints on proposed canal operation due to conditions in the Malheur River might also be added.  Key Vegetation submodel needs include fine-tuning existing vegetation relationships in the model and adding relationships to address the influence of historical conditions on vegetation development, effects of very rapid changes in lake level, effects of wildlife populations (e.g., carp, muskrat), responses of vegetation to habitat management actions (e.g, haying, grazing, burning), and better representation of sago pondweed dynamics.  A complementary geographic information system might also be developed for spatial analyses.  Major needs that should be evaluated for the Wildlife submodel include addition of other wildlife species that have important effects on habitat on the Refuge (e.g., carp, muskrat) and consideration of additional life-cycle requisites and controlling variable for species presently in the model.  Some of these limitations could perhaps be overcome if historical data on habitat conditions were developed to use with historical data on wildlife populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., and Roelle, J.E., 1985, Effects of flood control alternatives on fish and wildlife resources of the Malheur-Harney lakes basin, 51 p.","productDescription":"51 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Malheur Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.974578,43.253095 ], [ -118.974578,43.415232 ], [ -118.629841,43.415232 ], [ -118.629841,43.253095 ], [ -118.974578,43.253095 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe1e4b033341871890d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221509,"text":"5221509 - 1985 - Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:16:10.144432","indexId":"5221509","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T12:18:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri","docAbstract":"<p><span>Five species of riparian vertebrates (425 individuals) primarily representing upper trophic levels were collected from the Big River and Black River drainages in two lead mining districts of southeastern Missouri, 1981–82. Big River is subject to metal pollution via erosion and seepage from large tailings piles from inactive lead mines. Black River drains part of a currently mined area. Bullfrogs (</span><i>Rana catesbeiana</i><span>), muskrats (</span><i>Ondatra zibethicus</i><span>), and green-backed herons (</span><i>Butorides striatus</i><span>) collected downstream from the source of metal contamination to Big River had significantly (ANOVA, P&lt;0.05) higher lead and cadmium levels than specimens collected at either an uncontaminated upstream site or on Black River. Northern water snakes (</span><i>Nerodia sipedon</i><span>) had elevated lead levels below the tailings source, but did not seem to accumulate cadmium. Levels of lead, cadmium, or zinc in northern rough-winged swallows (</span><i>Stelgidopteryx serripennis</i><span>) were not related to collecting locality. Carcasses of ten bank swallows (</span><i>Riparia riparia</i><span>) collected from a colony nesting in a tailings pile along the Big River had lead concentrations of 2.0–39 ppm wet weight. Differences between zinc concentrations in vertebrates collected from contaminated and uncontaminated sites were less apparent than differences in lead and cadmium. There was little relationship between metal concentrations in the animals studied and their trophic levels. Bullfrogs are the most promising species examined for monitoring environmental levels of lead, cadmium, and zinc. Downstream from the source of tailings, bullfrogs had markedly higher levels of these metals in most of their tissues. The species is also widely distributed in North America, easily caught, and relatively sedentary.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055614","usgsCitation":"Niethammer, K.R., Atkinson, R.D., Baskett, T.S., and Samson, F., 1985, Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 213-223, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055614.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38571564039732,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38571564039732,\n              36.80213381856626\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              36.80213381856626\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62876d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niethammer, K. R.","contributorId":74832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niethammer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Richard D.","contributorId":90169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baskett, Thomas S.","contributorId":48615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskett","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samson, Fred B.","contributorId":29865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"Fred B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70120900,"text":"70120900 - 1985 - Effects of flow alterations on trout, angling, and recreation in the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T12:01:45","indexId":"70120900","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T11:56:51","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effects of flow alterations on trout, angling, and recreation in the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek","docAbstract":"<p>In 1974 county governments in the Atlanta vicinity realized that \ndemands on the Chattahoochee River for water supply plus the streamflow \nrequired for water quality nearly equaled the minimum flow in the river. \nIncreased demands for water supply in the following years could not be \nsupplied under the then existing flow regime in the river. In response \nto the anticipated shortage of water, the Atlanta Regional Commission, a \nmulticounty agency responsible for comprehensive regional planning in \nthe Atlanta region, was contracted to prepare water demand projections \nto the year 2010 and identify alternatives for meeting projected water \ndemands. The results of this study are published in an extensive final \nreport, the Metropolitan Atlanta Area Water Resources Management Study \n(1981). Requests for copies should be directed to the District \nEngineer, Savannah District.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Many of the identified alternatives to increase future water supply \nfor the Atlanta area would result in modifications to the present flow \nregime within the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam (river mile \n348.3) and its confluence with Peachtree Creek (river mile 300.5). The \npresent preferred alternative is construction of a reregulation dam at \nabout river mile 342. The proposed reregulation dam would release a \nmuch more constant flow than the peaking flows presently released from \nBuford Dam (generally, a maximum release of approximately 9000 cfs or \nminimum release of about 550 cfs) by storing the generation releases \nfrom Buford Dam for gradual release during non-generation periods. The anticipated minimum release from the rereg dam would he approximately \n1U5U cfs (based on contractual obligations to the Southeast Power \nAdministration to supply a minimum of 11 hours of peaking power per week \nfrom Buford Dam). The average annual release from the proposed \nreregulation dam into the Chattahoochee River would be approximately \n2000 cfs (based on USGS flow records) and the median release would he \napproximately 1500 cfs (value obtained from Savannah District). The \nproposed reregulation dam would have sufficient storage to provide some \nopportunity for flow management to optimize uses other than water supply \nand water quality.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flow modifications (and resultant water quality changes) within \nthis reach of the Chattahoochee River to meet increased demands for \nwater supply may have an effect on other beneficial uses of this \nimportant natural resource. In addition to supplying a significant \nproportion of the water supply for metropolitan Atlanta and providing \nfor water quality, the Chattahoochee River also is used extensively for \nrecreation and supports a valuable trout fishery. Altered flows in the \nchannel to meet water supply needs may have an impact on river \nrecreation and trout habitat.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Vicksburg, MS","usgsCitation":"Nestler, J.M., Milhouse, R.T., Troxel, J., and Fritschen, J.A., 1985, Effects of flow alterations on trout, angling, and recreation in the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek, 322 p.","productDescription":"322 p.","numberOfPages":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.1923,33.059 ], [ -85.1923,34.7307 ], [ -83.6154,34.7307 ], [ -83.6154,33.059 ], [ -85.1923,33.059 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe2e4b033341871890f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nestler, John M.","contributorId":55754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milhouse, Robert T.","contributorId":68233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhouse","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troxel, Jay","contributorId":41758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxel","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritschen, Janet A.","contributorId":88661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritschen","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70208670,"text":"70208670 - 1985 - Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T12:48:32","indexId":"70208670","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-24T12:33:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.","docAbstract":"<p>Low-latitude coccolith zonation can be used for biostratigraphy at Mid-Atlantic Ridge sites DSDP 558 (lat. 38°N) and DSDP 563 (lat. 34°N). The low-latitude zonal sequence from lower Oligocene to Holocene is interrupted by coolwater assemblages in upper middle Miocene and by hiatuses that removed the lower Pliocene and part of the upper Pliocene. A gap in the range of zonal guide fossil Discoaster druggii in the lower Miocene, also identified in other ocean basins, occurs at both DSDP 558 and 563. Coccoliths are abundant and moderately overgrown at both sites. Pentaliths occur in the Oligocene at DSDP 563 but are missing at DSDP 558, probably the result of diagenesis. New taxa of coccoliths identified include Cyclolithellai neoaprica Bukry, n. sp., and Sphenolithus calyculus Bukry, n. sp. </p><p>Silicoflagellates are limited to the upper Quaternary at DSDP 558 with warm-water assemblages of the Dictyocha aculeata Zone and possibly the upper Mesocena quadrangula Zone, as indicated by the presence of Dictyocha lingii. A new silicoflagellate species, Distephanus floridus Bukry, n. sp., is described. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1985, Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 82, p. 591-603, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"603","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70218180,"text":"70218180 - 1985 - Comment on “Possible Effects of Erosional Changes of the Topographic Relief on Pore Pressures at Depth” by J. Tóth and R. F. Millar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T13:24:19.518167","indexId":"70218180","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-18T07:20:15","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Possible Effects of Erosional Changes of the Topographic Relief on Pore Pressures at Depth” by J. Tóth and R. F. Millar","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i006p00895","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., 1985, Comment on “Possible Effects of Erosional Changes of the Topographic Relief on Pore Pressures at Depth” by J. Tóth and R. F. Millar: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 6, p. 895-898, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i006p00895.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"898","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr021i006p00895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208363,"text":"70208363 - 1985 - Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T12:35:47","indexId":"70208363","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-05T12:29:23","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin","docAbstract":"<p>The inner continental margin of northern California is underlain by a well-defined and extensive acoustic reflector that crosses other reflectors and mimics the surface of the sea floor. This bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) lies at a typical subsurface depth of about 250 m and has been mapped continuously beneath the Klamath Plateau and upper slope (water depths of 800 to 1200 m) for a distance of more than 130 km; it covers an area of at least 3000 km<sup>2</sup>. Limited data show that the BSR extends northward into Oregon and seaward at least to the base of the slope (3000 m).</p><p>The water depths, subsurface depths, and pervasive nature of the BSR all suggest that it represents the base of a natural-gas hydrate. Using standard phase boundary diagrams for hydrate stability, we estimate the local geothermal gradient within the gas hydrate to be about 55 °C/km. This value is higher than that of most subduction margins and may be a result of the youthfulness of the subducting oceanic crust. This acoustically inferred gas hydrate is the first to be mapped on the western conterminous United States continental margin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<517:GHOTNC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., and Kvenvolden, K.A., 1985, Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin: Geology, v. 13, no. 7, p. 517-520, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<517:GHOTNC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"520","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern California continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.4583740234375,\n              40.371658891506094\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.98071289062499,\n              40.371658891506094\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.98071289062499,\n              41.92680320648791\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.4583740234375,\n              41.92680320648791\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.4583740234375,\n              40.371658891506094\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}