The efficacy of a novel vaccine composed of three short recombinant subunit Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) proteins in combination with a bi-valent P. multocida whole-cell bacterin (rsPMT–PM) was evaluated in field studies for prevention and control of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) of swine at 15 conventional farrow-to-finish farms. Experimental piglets that were immunized twice with the rsPMT–PM vaccine developed detectable titers of neutralizing antibodies (greater than 1:8) that prevented the growth retardation and pathological lesions typically observed following challenge with authentic PMT. A total of 542 sows were vaccinated once or twice prior to parturition and serum neutralizing antibody titers were evaluated. Both single and double vaccination protocols induced neutralizing antibody titers of 1:16 or higher in 62% and 74% of sows, respectively. Notably, neither sows nor piglets at a farm experiencing a severe outbreak of PAR at the time of the vaccination trial had detectable antibody titers, but antibody titers increased significantly to 1:16 or higher in 40% of sows following double vaccination. During the year after vaccination, clinical signs of PAR decreased in fattening pigs and growth performance improved sufficiently to reduce the rearing period until marketing by 2 weeks. Collectively, these results indicate that the rsPMT–PM vaccine could be used to provide protective immunity for controlling the prevalence and severity of PAR among farm-raised swine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.005","usgsCitation":"Hsuan, S., Liao, C., Huang, C., Winton, J.R., Chen, Z., Lee, W., Liao, J., Chen, T., Chiou, C., Yeh, K., and Chien, M., 2009, Efficacy of a novel Pasteurella multocida vaccine against progressive atrophic rhinitis of swine: Vaccine, v. 27, no. 14, p. 2923-2929, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.005.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2923","endPage":"2929","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5864dd55e4b0cd2dabe7c1df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsuan, Shih-Ling","contributorId":169568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsuan","given":"Shih-Ling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liao, Chih-Ming","contributorId":169566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liao","given":"Chih-Ming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, Chienjin","contributorId":169567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chienjin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, Zeng-Weng","contributorId":169569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Zeng-Weng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Wei-Cheng","contributorId":169570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Wei-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liao, Jiunn-Wang","contributorId":177715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liao","given":"Jiunn-Wang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chen, Ter-Hsin","contributorId":177716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Ter-Hsin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chiou, Chwei-Jang","contributorId":177717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiou","given":"Chwei-Jang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yeh, Kuang-Sheng","contributorId":177718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeh","given":"Kuang-Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Chien, Maw-Sheng","contributorId":169572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chien","given":"Maw-Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70210047,"text":"70210047 - 2009 - Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T16:13:22.480522","indexId":"70210047","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-12T10:58:47","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"chapter":"7","title":"Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits","docAbstract":"Oil-shale deposits are in many parts of the world. They range in age from Cambrian to Tertiary and were formed in a variety of marine, continental, and lacustrine depositional environments. The largest known deposit is in the Green River Formation in the western United States; it contains an estimated 213 billion tons of in-situ shale oil (about 1.5 trillion U.S. barrels). Total resources of a selected group of oil shale deposits in 33 countries are estimated at 409 billion tons of in-situ shale oil, which is equivalent to 2.8 trillion U.S. barrels of shale oil. These amounts are very conservative because (1) several deposits mentioned herein have not been explored sufficiently to make accurate estimates, and (2) some deposits were not included in this survey.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oil Shale Developments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":" Nova Science Publishers, Inc","isbn":"9781611224863","usgsCitation":"Dyni, J.R., 2009, Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits, 70 p.","productDescription":"70 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyni, John R. jdyni@usgs.gov","contributorId":756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyni","given":"John","email":"jdyni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":788919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97491,"text":"fs20093033 - 2009 - Status and Trends of Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Update - 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"fs20093033","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3033","title":"Status and Trends of Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Update - 2009","docAbstract":"The protection of resources found in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, emerged as a significant public concern in the decades following the completion of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963. The dam, which lies about 15 miles upstream from the park, altered the Colorado River's flow, temperature, and sediment-carrying capacity, resulting over time in beach erosion, expansion of nonnative species, and losses of native fish. During the 1990s, in response to public concern, Congress and the Department of the Interior embarked on an ongoing effort to reduce and address the effects of dam operations on downstream resources. \r\n\r\nIn 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey produced a comprehensive report entitled 'The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon', which documented the condition and trends of resources downstream of Glen Canyon Dam from 1991 to 2004. This fact sheet updates the 2005 report to extend its findings to include data published through April 2009 for key resources.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093033","collaboration":"The science provider to the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program","usgsCitation":"Hamill, J.F., 2009, Status and Trends of Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Update - 2009 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3033, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093033.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3033.jpg"},{"id":12638,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35 ], [ -114.5,38 ], [ -110.5,38 ], [ -110.5,35 ], [ -114.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e125a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamill, John F.","contributorId":43061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamill","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97498,"text":"sir20095047 - 2009 - Fish Communities and Habitat of Geomorphically Stable Reference Reaches in Streams of the Catskill Mountain Region, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20095047","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5047","title":"Fish Communities and Habitat of Geomorphically Stable Reference Reaches in Streams of the Catskill Mountain Region, New York","docAbstract":"In 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection, began a 5-year study to develop a database that documents the physical and biological characteristics of nine stable reference reaches from seven streams in the New York City West of Hudson Water Supply Watershed in the Catskill Mountain region of New York State. Primary objectives of this study were to (1) develop a reference-reach database of morphology, aquatic biology, and fluvial processes, and (2) summarize the relations between fish communities, aquatic habitat, and stable stream morphology in streams in the Catskill Mountain region. Secondary objectives included documenting year-to-year variability in fish populations and stream habitat in geomorphically stable streams and demonstrating how reliably Habitat Suitability Index models can be used to characterize habitat conditions and predict the presence and abundance of populations of trout species.\r\n\r\nFish and habitat databases were developed, and several important relations were identified. Fish-community indices differed considerably among sites where trout were present and where they were either absent or present in very low numbers; these differences were reflected in higher Habitat Suitability Index scores at trout-dominated sites. Several fish- community and habitat variables were found to be strongly associated with indices of stability and, therefore, determined to be useful tools for evaluating stream condition. Lastly, preliminary results suggest Rosgen stream type data can help refine fish and habitat relations and assist in our ability to predict habitat potential and fish-community composition.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mulvihill, C., Baldigo, B.P., and Ernst, A., 2009, Fish Communities and Habitat of Geomorphically Stable Reference Reaches in Streams of the Catskill Mountain Region, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5047, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095047.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,41.5 ], [ -76,42.75 ], [ -73.5,42.75 ], [ -73.5,41.5 ], [ -76,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulvihill, Christiane I.","contributorId":31821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"Christiane I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ernst, Anne G.","contributorId":37825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"Anne G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97499,"text":"ds406 - 2009 - EAARL Coastal Topography - St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands 2003: First Surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-21T11:16:38.466747","indexId":"ds406","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"406","title":"EAARL Coastal Topography - St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands 2003: First Surface","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of Lidar-derived first surface (FS) topography were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL; the National Park Service (NPS), South Florida-Caribbean Network, Miami, FL; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds406","usgsCitation":"Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Yates, X., and Bonisteel, J.M., 2009, EAARL Coastal Topography - St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands 2003: First Surface: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 406, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds406.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115725,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/406/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Virgin Islands, St. John","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.81132644173451,\n 18.380026056899197\n ],\n [\n -64.81132644173451,\n 18.284904703191145\n ],\n [\n -64.6534658802415,\n 18.284904703191145\n ],\n [\n -64.6534658802415,\n 18.380026056899197\n ],\n [\n -64.81132644173451,\n 18.380026056899197\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fdfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yates, Xan","contributorId":78291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Xan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonisteel, Jamie M.","contributorId":12005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97496,"text":"ofr20091069 - 2009 - Annual Peak-Flow and Peak Dam-Pool-Elevation Frequency Characteristics of Selected Dry Dams in the Great Miami River Basin, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"ofr20091069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1069","title":"Annual Peak-Flow and Peak Dam-Pool-Elevation Frequency Characteristics of Selected Dry Dams in the Great Miami River Basin, Ohio","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a study to determine frequency characteristics of post-regulation annual peak flows at streamflow-gaging stations near the Taylorsville, Huffman, and Germantown dry dams in the Miami Conservancy District flood-protection system (southwestern Ohio), and of annual peak elevations of the corresponding dam pools. Log-Pearson Type III distributions were fit to annual peak flow values for the period 1921 or 1922 through 2007 (the most recent year of published peak flow values at the time of this analysis) and annual peak dam-pool storage values for the period 1922- 2008 to determine peaks with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years. Once storages had been estimated for the various recurrence intervals, corresponding dam-pool elevations were determined from elevation-storage ratings provided by the Miami Conservancy District.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., 2009, Annual Peak-Flow and Peak Dam-Pool-Elevation Frequency Characteristics of Selected Dry Dams in the Great Miami River Basin, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1069, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091069.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1921-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12643,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,39 ], [ -85,40.75 ], [ -83.25,40.75 ], [ -83.25,39 ], [ -85,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97494,"text":"sir20085166 - 2009 - Simulation of Variable-Density Ground-Water Flow and Saltwater Intrusion beneath Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York, 1905-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20085166","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5166","title":"Simulation of Variable-Density Ground-Water Flow and Saltwater Intrusion beneath Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York, 1905-2005","docAbstract":"The coastal-aquifer system of Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York, has been stressed by pumping, which has led to saltwater intrusion and the abandonment of one public-supply well in 1944. Measurements of chloride concentrations and water levels in 2004 from the deep, confined aquifers indicate active saltwater intrusion in response to public-supply pumping.\r\n\r\nA numerical model capable of simulating three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow and solute transport in heterogeneous, anisotropic aquifers was developed using the U.S. Geological Survey finite-element, variable-density, solute-transport simulator SUTRA, to investigate the extent of saltwater intrusion beneath Manhasset Neck. The model is composed of eight layers representing the hydrogeologic system beneath Manhasset Neck. Four modifications to the area?s previously described hydrogeologic framework were made in the model (1) the bedrock-surface altitude at well N12191 was corrected from a previously reported value, (2) part of the extent of the Raritan confining unit was shifted, (3) part of the extent of the North Shore confining unit was shifted, and (4) a clay layer in the upper glacial aquifer was added in the central and southern parts of the Manhasset Neck peninsula.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow and the location of the freshwater-saltwater interface were simulated for three conditions (time periods) (1) a steady-state (predevelopment) simulation of no pumping prior to about 1905, (2) a 40-year transient simulation based on 1939 pumpage representing the 1905-1944 period of gradual saltwater intrusion, and (3) a 60-year transient simulation based on 1995 pumpage representing the 1945-2005 period of stabilized withdrawals.\r\n\r\nThe 1939 pumpage rate (12.1 million gallons per day (Mgal/d)) applied to the 1905-1944 transient simulation caused modeled average water-level declines of 2 and 4 feet (ft) in the shallow and deep aquifer systems from predevelopment conditions, respectively, a net decrease of 5.2 Mgal/d in freshwater discharge to offshore areas and a net increase of 6.9 Mgal/d of freshwater entering the model from the eastern, western, and southern lateral boundaries. The 1995 pumpage rate (43.3 Mgal/d) applied to the 1945-2005 transient simulation caused modeled average water-level declines of 5 and 8 ft in the shallow and deep aquifer systems from predevelopment conditions, respectively, a net decrease of 13.2 Mgal/d in freshwater discharge to offshore areas and a net increase of 30.1 Mgal/d of freshwater entering the model from the eastern, western, and southern lateral boundaries. The simulated decrease in freshwater discharge to the offshore areas caused saltwater intrusion in two parts of the deep aquifer system under Manhasset Neck. Saline ground water simulated in a third part of the deep aquifer system under Manhasset Neck was due to the absence of the North Shore confining unit near Sands Point.\r\n\r\nSimulated chloride concentrations greater than 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L) were used to represent the freshwater-saltwater interface, and the movement of this concentration was evaluated for transient simulations. The decrease in the 1905-1944 simulated freshwater discharge to the offshore areas caused the freshwater-saltwater interface in the deep aquifer system to advance landward more than 1,700 ft from its steady-state position in the vicinity of Baxter Estates Village, Long Island, New York. The decrease in the 1945-2005 simulated freshwater discharge to the offshore areas caused a different area of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the deep aquifer system to advance more than 600 ft from its steady-state position approximately 1 mile south of the Baxter Estates Village. However, the 1945-2005 transient simulation underestimates the concentration and extent of saltwater intrusion determined from water-quality samples collected from wells N12508 and N12793, where measured chloride concentrations increased from 625 and 18 mg/L in 1997 t","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085166","isbn":"9781411323452","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of North Hempstead and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Monti, J., Misut, P.E., and Busciolano, R., 2009, Simulation of Variable-Density Ground-Water Flow and Saltwater Intrusion beneath Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York, 1905-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5166, viii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085166.","productDescription":"viii, 71 p.","temporalStart":"1905-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5166.jpg"},{"id":12641,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.83333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,40.93333333333333 ], [ -73.58333333333333,40.93333333333333 ], [ -73.58333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,40.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monti, Jack Jr. jmonti@usgs.gov","contributorId":1185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jmonti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Misut, Paul E. 0000-0002-6502-5255 pemisut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-5255","contributorId":1073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"Paul","email":"pemisut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busciolano, Ronald 0000-0002-9257-8453 rjbuscio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-8453","contributorId":1059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busciolano","given":"Ronald","email":"rjbuscio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97493,"text":"ofr20081382 - 2009 - Environmental Impact of the Helen, Research, and Chicago Mercury Mines on Water, Sediment, and Biota in the Upper Dry Creek Watershed, Lake County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr20081382","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1382","title":"Environmental Impact of the Helen, Research, and Chicago Mercury Mines on Water, Sediment, and Biota in the Upper Dry Creek Watershed, Lake County, California","docAbstract":"The Helen, Research, and Chicago mercury (Hg) deposits are among the youngest Hg deposits in the Coast Range Hg mineral belt and are located in the southwestern part of the Clear Lake volcanic field in Lake County, California. The mine workings and tailings are located in the headwaters of Dry Creek. The Helen Hg mine is the largest mine in the watershed having produced about 7,600 flasks of Hg. The Chicago and Research Hg mines produced only a small amount of Hg, less than 30 flasks. Waste rock and tailings have eroded from the mines, and mine drainage from the Helen and Research mines contributes Hg-enriched mine wastes to the headwaters of Dry Creek and contaminate the creek further downstream. The mines are located on federal land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (USBLM). The USBLM requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measure and characterize Hg and geochemical constituents in tailings, sediment, water, and biota at the Helen, Research, and Chicago mines and in Dry Creek. This report is made in response to the USBLM request to conduct a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA - Removal Site Investigation (RSI). The RSI applies to removal of Hg-contaminated mine waste from the Helen, Research, and Chicago mines as a means of reducing Hg transport to Dry Creek.\r\n\r\nThis report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of mine tailings, waste rock, sediment, and water at the Helen, Research, and Chicago mines on April 19, 2001, during a storm event. Further sampling of water, sediment, and biota at the Helen mine area and the upper part of Dry Creek was completed on July 15, 2003, during low-flow conditions. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of the mining sources of Hg and associated chemical constituents that could elevate levels of monomethyl Hg (MMeHg) in the water, sediment, and biota that are impacted by historic mining.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081382","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., Hothem, R.L., May, J., Kim, C., Lawler, D., Goldstein, D., and Brussee, B.E., 2009, Environmental Impact of the Helen, Research, and Chicago Mercury Mines on Water, Sediment, and Biota in the Upper Dry Creek Watershed, Lake County, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1382, viii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081382.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-04-19","temporalEnd":"2003-07-15","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1382/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,38.5 ], [ -123,39.333333333333336 ], [ -122.16666666666667,39.333333333333336 ], [ -122.16666666666667,38.5 ], [ -123,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Christopher S.","contributorId":69258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lawler, David","contributorId":11278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldstein, Daniel dgoldstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":4656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dgoldstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97492,"text":"ofr20091062 - 2009 - Developing a Vision: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making - Proceedings of a Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20091062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1062","title":"Developing a Vision: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making - Proceedings of a Workshop","docAbstract":"The production, location, use, and value of ecosystem services have become an important factor in resource management. Decisions relating to resource conservation and restoration, as well as development, require an understanding of the services provided by natural systems and the response of these systems to natural and human-induced change. Increased demands for development and the resulting pressures on ecosystem services have lent urgency to the need for an improved understanding of the value of natural capital. However, resource management decisions are often made without considering the importance and value of services resulting from natural systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091062","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D., Arthaud, G., Goodman, I., Pattison, M., Sayre, R.G., Shapiro, C., and Van Horne, B., 2009, Developing a Vision: Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Decision Making - Proceedings of a Workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1062, iii, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091062.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-04-15","temporalEnd":"2008-04-15","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Dianna","contributorId":79565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthaud, Greg","contributorId":48269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthaud","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodman, Iris","contributorId":7385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"Iris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pattison, Malka","contributorId":15302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattison","given":"Malka","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sayre, Roger G. rsayre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","email":"rsayre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shapiro, Carl 0000-0002-1598-6808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-6808","contributorId":104584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Van Horne, Bea","contributorId":26388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Horne","given":"Bea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97489,"text":"gip85 - 2009 - Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"gip85","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85","title":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","docAbstract":"The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, one of the world's most spectacular gorges, is a premier U.S. National Park and a World Heritage Site. The canyon supports a diverse array of distinctive plants and animals and contains cultural resources significant to the region's Native Americans. \r\n\r\nAbout 15 miles upstream of Grand Canyon National Park sits Glen Canyon Dam, completed in 1963, which created Lake Powell. The dam provides hydroelectric power for 200 wholesale customers in six western States, but it has also altered the Colorado River's flow, temperature, and sediment-carrying capacity. Over time this has resulted in beach erosion, invasion and expansion of nonnative species, and losses of native fish. \r\n\r\nPublic concern about the effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations prompted the passage of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which directs the Secretary of the Interior to operate the dam 'to protect, mitigate adverse impacts to, and improve values for which Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area were established...' This legislation also required the creation of a long-term monitoring and research program to provide information that could inform decisions related to dam operations and protection of downstream resources.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip85","collaboration":"The science provider to the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program","usgsCitation":"Hamill, J.F., 2009, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 85, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip85.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_85.jpg"},{"id":12636,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/85/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35 ], [ -114.5,38 ], [ -110.5,38 ], [ -110.5,35 ], [ -114.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamill, John F.","contributorId":43061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamill","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97488,"text":"ofr20091075 - 2009 - Abundance Trends and Status of the Little Colorado River Population of Humpback Chub: An Update Considering Data From 1989-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr20091075","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1075","title":"Abundance Trends and Status of the Little Colorado River Population of Humpback Chub: An Update Considering Data From 1989-2008","docAbstract":"Mark-recapture methods have been used for the past two decades to assess trends in adult abundance and recruitment of the Little Colorado River (LCR) population of humpback chub. These methods indicate that the adult population declined through the 1980s and early 1990s but has been increasing for the past decade. Recruitment appears also to have increased, particularly in the 2003-4 period. Considering a range of assumed natural mortality-rates and magnitude of ageing error, it is unlikely that there are currently less than 6,000 adults or more than 10,000 adults. Our best estimate of the current adult (age 4 years or more) population is approximately 7,650 fish. \r\n\r\nRecent humpback chub assessments using the Age-Structured Mark-Recapture model (ASMR) and reported in 2006 (Melis and others, 2006) and 2008 (Coggins, 2008a,b) have provided abundance and recruitment trend estimates that have changed progressively over time as more data are considered by the model. The general pattern of change implies a less severe decline in adult abundance during the late 1980s through early 1990s, with attendant changes in recruitment supporting this demographic pattern. We have been concerned that these changes are not indicative of the true population and may be associated with a 'retrospective' bias as additional data are included in the ASMR model. To investigate this possibility, we developed a realistic individual-based simulation model (IBM) to generate replicate artificial data sets with similar characteristics to the true humpback chub data. The artificial data have known abundance trends and we analyzed these data with ASMR. On the basis of these simulations, we believe that errors in assigning age (and therefore brood-year) to fish based on their length are likely to have caused the retrospective bias pattern seen in the assessments and to have caused both less severe trends in the adult abundance estimates and progressively more severe downward bias in estimates of adult mortality-rates. This 'smearing', or assignment of fish from a single brood-year into multiple incorrect brood-years, is a result of variation in growth rates. The IBM simulations indicate that as a result of this error source, the best estimates of abundance and recruitment for any calendar year are those obtained from data collected previous to and within a year or two after each calendar year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091075","collaboration":"The science provider to the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program","usgsCitation":"Coggins, and Walters, C.J., 2009, Abundance Trends and Status of the Little Colorado River Population of Humpback Chub: An Update Considering Data From 1989-2008 (Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1075, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091075.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12635,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.83333333333333,35 ], [ -114.83333333333333,37.833333333333336 ], [ -110.83333333333333,37.833333333333336 ], [ -110.83333333333333,35 ], [ -114.83333333333333,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a37de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coggins, Jr.","contributorId":54306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coggins","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Carl J.","contributorId":25122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97486,"text":"sim2909 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Yukon-Koyukuk Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:35:31","indexId":"sim2909","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2909","title":"Geologic Map of the Yukon-Koyukuk Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"This map and accompanying digital files represent part of a systematic effort to release geologic data for the United States in a uniform manner. All the geologic data in this series will be published as parts of the U.S. Geological Survey Data Series. The geologic data in this series have been compiled from a wide variety of sources, ranging from state and regional geologic maps to large-scale field mapping. The data are presented for use at a nominal scale of 1:500,000, although individual datasets may contain data suitable for use at larger scales. The metadata associated with each release will provide more detailed information on sources and appropriate scales for use. Associated attribute databases accompany the spatial database of the geology and are uniformly structured for ease in developing regional- and national-scale maps. \r\n\r\nThe 1:500,000-scale geologic map of the Yukon-Koyukuk Basin, Alaska, covers more than 200,000 square kilometers of western Alaska or nearly 15 percent of the total land area of the state. It stretches from the Brooks Range on the north to the Kuskokwim River and lower reaches of the Yukon River on the south and from Kotzebue Sound, Seward Peninsula, and Norton Sound on the west to the Yukon-Tanana Uplands and Tanana-Kuskokwim Lowlands on the east. It includes not only the northern and central part of the basin, but also the lands that border the basin. The area is characterized by isolated clusters of hills and low mountain ranges separated by broad alluviated interior and coastal lowlands. Most of the lowlands, except those bordering Kotzebue Sound and Norton Sound, support a heavy vegetation cover. Exposures of bedrock are generally limited to rubble-strewn ridgetops and to cutbanks along the rivers. \r\n\r\nThe map of the Yukon-Koyukuk Basin was prepared largely from geologic field data collected between 1953 and 1988 by the U.S. Geological Survey and published as 1:250,000-scale geologic quadrangle maps. Additional data for parts of the Wiseman, Ruby, Medfra, and Ophir quadrangles came from 1:63,360-scale quadrangle maps published by the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The map also incorporates some unpublished field data for the Ruby quadrangle collected by R.M. Chapman between 1944 and 1977 and for parts of the Tanana, Bettles, Norton Bay, and Candle quadrangles collected by W.W. Patton, Jr. and others between 1954 and 1985. Sources of geologic map data for each of the eighteen 1:250,000-scale quadrangles used in compiling this 1:500,000-scale map of the Yukon-Koyukuk Basin as well as sources of general geologic information pertaining to the entire map area are provided in the 'Sources of Information' section.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2909","usgsCitation":"Patton, W.W., Wilson, F.H., Labay, K., and Shew, N.B., 2009, Geologic Map of the Yukon-Koyukuk Basin, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2909, Report: iv, 26 p.; Map Sheets: Sheet 1-49 x 43.5 inches, Sheet 2-41 x 32.5 inches; Digital Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2909.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 26 p.; Map Sheets: Sheet 1-49 x 43.5 inches, Sheet 2-41 x 32.5 inches; Digital Data","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1953-01-01","temporalEnd":"1988-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110816,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86626.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86626"},{"id":12633,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2909/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Alaska Albers Equal Area Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162,63 ], [ -162,67.33333333333333 ], [ -150,67.33333333333333 ], [ -150,63 ], [ -162,63 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, William W. Jr.","contributorId":107355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97495,"text":"ofr20091093 - 2009 - Implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines for Level 3 and 4 PSHAs - Experience gained from actual applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:40:13","indexId":"ofr20091093","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1093","title":"Implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines for Level 3 and 4 PSHAs - Experience gained from actual applications","docAbstract":"In April 1997, after four years of deliberations, the Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee released its report 'Recommendations for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis: Guidance on Uncertainty and Use of Experts' through the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission as NUREG/CR-6372, hereafter SSHAC (1997). Known informally ever since as the 'SSHAC Guidelines', SSHAC (1997) addresses why and how multiple expert opinions - and the intrinsic uncertainties that attend them - should be used in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses (PSHA) for critical facilities such as commercial nuclear power plants. \r\n\r\nTen years later, in September 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) entered into a 13-month agreement with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) titled 'Practical Procedures for Implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines and for Updating PSHAs'. The NRC was interested in understanding and documenting lessons learned from recent PSHAs conducted at the higher SSHAC Levels (3 and 4) and in gaining input from the seismic community for updating PSHAs as new information became available. This study increased in importance in anticipation of new applications for nuclear power facilities at both existing and new sites. The intent of this project was not to replace the SSHAC Guidelines but to supplement them with the experience gained from putting the SSHAC Guidelines to work in practical applications. During the course of this project, we also learned that updating PSHAs for existing nuclear power facilities involves very different issues from the implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines for new facilities. As such, we report our findings and recommendations from this study in two separate documents, this being the first. \r\n\r\nThe SSHAC Guidelines were written without regard to whether the PSHAs to which they would be applied were site-specific or regional in scope. Most of the experience gained to date from high-level SSHAC studies has been for site-specific cases, although three ongoing (as of this writing) studies are regional in scope. Updating existing PSHAs will depend more critically on the differences between site-specific and regional studies, and we will also address these differences in more detail in the companion report. \r\n\r\nMost of what we report here and in the second report on updating PSHAs emanates from three workshops held by the USGS at their Menlo Park facility: 'Lessons Learned from SSHAC Level 3 and 4 PSHAs' on January 30-31, 2008; 'Updates to Existing PSHAs' on May 6-7, 2008; and 'Draft Recommendations, SSHAC Implementation Guidance' on June 4-5, 2009. These workshops were attended by approximately 40 scientists and engineers familiar with hazard studies for nuclear facilities. This company included four of the authors of SSHAC (1997) and four other experts whose contributions to this document are mentioned in the Acknowledgments section; numerous scientists and engineers who in one role or another have participated in one or more high-level SSHAC PSHAs summarized later in this report; and representatives of the nuclear industry, the consulting world, the regulatory community, and academia with a keen interest and expertise in hazard analysis. This report is a community-based set of recommendations to NRC for improved practical procedures for implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines. \r\n\r\nIn an early publication specifically addressing the SSHAC Guidelines, Hanks (1997) noted that the SSHAC Guidelines were likely to evolve for some time to come, and this remains true today. While the broad philosophical and theoretical dimensions of the SSHAC Guidelines will not change, much has been learned during the past decade from various applications of the SSHAC Guidelines to real PSHAs in terms of how they are implemented. We anticipate that, in their practical applications, the SSHAC Guidelines will continue to evolve as more experience is gained from future SSHAC applications. Indeed, to the extent that every PSHA has its ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091093","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., Abrahamson, N., Boore, D.M., Coppersmith, K.J., and Knepprath, N.E., 2009, Implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines for Level 3 and 4 PSHAs - Experience gained from actual applications (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1093, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091093.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f71ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norm A.","contributorId":56337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norm A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coppersmith, Kevin J.","contributorId":67188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coppersmith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knepprath, Nichole E.","contributorId":34228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepprath","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97504,"text":"ds437 - 2009 - Oil and gas development in southwestern Wyoming— Energy data and services for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-25T20:09:58.329934","indexId":"ds437","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"437","title":"Oil and gas development in southwestern Wyoming— Energy data and services for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI)","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to explore current oil and gas energy development in the area encompassing the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative. The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative is a long-term science-based effort to ensure southwestern Wyoming's wildlife and habitat remain viable in areas facing development pressure. Wyoming encompasses some of the highest quality wildlife habitats in the Intermountain West. At the same time, this region is an important source of natural gas. Using Geographic Information System technology, energy data pertinent to the conservation decision-making process have been assembled to show historical oil and gas exploration and production in southwestern Wyoming. In addition to historical data, estimates of undiscovered oil and gas are included from the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey National Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province. This report is meant to facilitate the integration of existing data with new knowledge and technologies to analyze energy resources development and to assist in habitat conservation planning. The well and assessment data can be accessed and shared among many different clients including, but not limited to, an online web-service for scientists and resource managers engaged in the Initiative.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds437","usgsCitation":"Biewick, L., 2009, Oil and gas development in southwestern Wyoming— Energy data and services for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 437, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds437.","productDescription":"51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388506,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87589.htm"},{"id":12650,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/437/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4822e4b07f02db4e1919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biewick, Laura","contributorId":83148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97497,"text":"ofr20061205 - 2009 - Questa Baseline and Pre-mining Ground-Water Quality Investigation, 7. A Pictorial Record of Chemical Weathering, Erosional Processes, and Potential Debris-flow Hazards in Scar Areas Developed on Hydrothermally Altered Rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T09:56:25","indexId":"ofr20061205","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1205","title":"Questa Baseline and Pre-mining Ground-Water Quality Investigation, 7. A Pictorial Record of Chemical Weathering, Erosional Processes, and Potential Debris-flow Hazards in Scar Areas Developed on Hydrothermally Altered Rocks","docAbstract":"Erosional scar areas developed along the lower Red River basin, New Mexico, reveal a complex natural history of mineralizing processes, rapid chemical weathering, and intense physical erosion during periodic outbursts of destructive, storm-induced runoff events. \r\n\r\nThe scar areas are prominent erosional features with craggy headwalls and steep, denuded slopes. The largest scar areas, including, from east to west, Hottentot Creek, Straight Creek, Hansen Creek, Lower Hansen Creek, Sulfur Gulch, and Goat Hill Gulch, head along high east-west trending ridges that form the northern and southern boundaries of the lower Red River basin. Smaller, topographically lower scar areas are developed on ridge noses in the inner Red River valley. \r\n\r\nSeveral of the natural scar areas have been modified substantially as a result of large-scale open-pit and underground mining at the Questa Mine; for example, much of the Sulfur Gulch scar was removed by open pit mining, and several scars are now partially or completely covered by mine waste dumps.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061205","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Ludington, S., Vincent, K.R., Verplanck, P.L., Caine, J.S., and Livo, K., 2009, Questa Baseline and Pre-mining Ground-Water Quality Investigation, 7. A Pictorial Record of Chemical Weathering, Erosional Processes, and Potential Debris-flow Hazards in Scar Areas Developed on Hydrothermally Altered Rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1205, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061205.","productDescription":"19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12645,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.58333333333333,36.666666666666664 ], [ -105.58333333333333,36.75 ], [ -105.33333333333333,36.75 ], [ -105.33333333333333,36.666666666666664 ], [ -105.58333333333333,36.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a12c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vincent, Kirk R.","contributorId":64735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97487,"text":"fs20093035 - 2009 - Status and trends of the Grand Canyon population of Humpback Chub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T09:54:18","indexId":"fs20093035","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3035","displayTitle":"Status and Trends of the Grand Canyon Population of Humpback Chub","title":"Status and trends of the Grand Canyon population of Humpback Chub","docAbstract":"The Colorado River Basin supports one of the most distinctive fish communities in North America, including the federally endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha). One of only six remaining populations of this fish is found in Grand Canyon, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey scientists and their cooperators are responsible for monitoring the Grand Canyon population. Analysis of recently collected data indicates that the number of Grand Canyon adult humpback chub - fish 4 years old and older and capable of reproduction - increased approximately 50 percent between 2001 and 2008. When possible model error is considered, the estimated number of adult chub in the Grand Canyon population is between 6,000 and 10,000. The most likely number is estimated at 7,650 individuals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20093035","collaboration":"The science provider to the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program","usgsCitation":"Andersen, M.E., 2009, Status and trends of the Grand Canyon population of Humpback Chub (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3035, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093035.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3035.jpg"},{"id":12634,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3035/fs2009-3035.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -110.5,37.5 ], [ -110.5,35 ], [ -114.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e1196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Matthew E. 0000-0003-4115-5028 mandersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-5028","contributorId":3190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Matthew","email":"mandersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97503,"text":"ofr20091046 - 2009 - Occurrence of Selected Pharmaceutical and Organic Wastewater Compounds in Effluent and Water Samples from Municipal Wastewater and Drinking-Water Treatment Facilities in the Tar and Cape Fear River Basins, North Carolina, 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T12:24:19","indexId":"ofr20091046","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1046","title":"Occurrence of Selected Pharmaceutical and Organic Wastewater Compounds in Effluent and Water Samples from Municipal Wastewater and Drinking-Water Treatment Facilities in the Tar and Cape Fear River Basins, North Carolina, 2003-2005","docAbstract":"Samples of treated effluent and treated and untreated water were collected at 20 municipal wastewater and drinkingwater treatment facilities in the Tar and Cape Fear River basins of North Carolina during 2003 and 2005. The samples were analyzed for a variety of prescription and nonprescription pharmaceutical compounds and a suite of organic compounds considered indicative of wastewater. Concentrations of these compounds generally were less than or near the detection limits of the analytical methods used during this investigation. None of these compounds were detected at concentrations that exceeded drinking-water standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Bromoform, a disinfection byproduct, was the only compound detected at a concentration that exceeded regulatory guidelines. The concentration of bromoform in one finished drinking-water sample, 26 micrograms per liter, exceeded North Carolina water-quality criteria. Drinking-water treatment practices were effective at removing many of the compounds detected in untreated water. Disinfection processes used in wastewater treatment - chlorination or irradiation with ultraviolet light - did not seem to substantially degrade the organic compounds evaluated during this study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","usgsCitation":"Ferrell, G., 2009, Occurrence of Selected Pharmaceutical and Organic Wastewater Compounds in Effluent and Water Samples from Municipal Wastewater and Drinking-Water Treatment Facilities in the Tar and Cape Fear River Basins, North Carolina, 2003-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1046, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091046.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Data-collection methods and data processing are described in this report for streamflow; stream temperature; instream chemistry; instream aquatic habitat; and algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish communities. Data summaries prepared for analytical use are presented in downloadable data tables.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds423","usgsCitation":"Giddings, E.M., Bell, A.H., Beaulieu, K., Cuffney, T.F., Coles, J.F., Brown, L.R., Fitzpatrick, F.A., Falcone, J.A., Sprague, L.A., Bryant, W., Peppler, M.C., Stephens, C., and McMahon, G., 2009, Selected Physical, Chemical, and Biological Data Used to Study Urbanizing Streams in Nine Metropolitan Areas of the United States, 1999-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 423, Report: xii, 11 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds423.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 11 p.; Data Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/423/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,25 ], [ -125,50 ], [ -60,50 ], [ -60,25 ], [ -125,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giddings, Elise M. 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The barrier islands of the northern Gulf of Mexico near the Florida/Alabama border were exposed to the strongest winds. The communities of Gulf Shores, Pine Island and Orange Beach, AL, are, in places, very low lying with their dunes rising up only several meters. These dunes were unable to contain the 3-4 meter storm surge. \r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) are cooperating in a research project investigating coastal change during Hurricane Ivan. On Friday September 17, 2004, the USGS acquired oblique aerial photography to help understand the impact of Ivan on the coastal environment. Two days later, airborne lidar was collected using NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL).\r\n\r\nGulf waters, driven by hurricane force winds spilled across the barrier islands creating currents strong enough to transport massive amounts of sand landward. These waters undermined buildings and roads and opened new island breaches. On top of the surge, breaking waves nearly as tall as the depth of the surge, eroded dunes and battered structures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093026","usgsCitation":"Morgan, K., 2009, Coastal change during Hurricane Ivan 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3026, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093026.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3026.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.53989145716163,\n 30.3386954255362\n ],\n [\n -87.91409705657252,\n 30.3386954255362\n ],\n [\n -87.91409705657252,\n 30.204635303059902\n ],\n [\n -87.53989145716163,\n 30.204635303059902\n ],\n [\n -87.53989145716163,\n 30.3386954255362\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6af91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97502,"text":"sir20095022 - 2009 - The Effects of Urbanization and Other Environmental Gradients on Algal Assemblages in Nine Metropolitan Areas across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20095022","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5022","title":"The Effects of Urbanization and Other Environmental Gradients on Algal Assemblages in Nine Metropolitan Areas across the United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted studies from 2000 to 2004 to determine the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in nine major metropolitan study areas across the United States. Biological, chemical, and physical components of streams were assessed at 28 to 30 sites in each study area. Benthic algae were sampled to compare the degree to which algal assemblages correlated to urbanization, as characterized by an urban intensity index (UII), relative to other environmental gradients that function at either the watershed or reach scales. Ordination site scores were derived from principal components analyses of the environmental data to define environmental gradients at two spatial scales: (1) watershed-scale gradients that summarized (a) landscape modifications and (b) socioeconomic factors, and (2) reach-scale gradients that characterized (a) physical habitat and (b) water chemistry. Algal response was initially quantified by site scores derived from nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling ordinations of the algal assemblage data. The site scores were then correlated with a set of algal metrics of structure and function to help select specific indicators that would best represent changes in the algal assemblages and would infer ecological condition. The selected metrics were correlated to the UII and other environmental gradients. The results indicated that diatom-taxa in the assemblages were distinctly different across the nine study areas, likely due to physiographic differences across the country, but nevertheless, some algal metrics were applicable to all areas. Overall, the study results indicated that although the UII represented various landscape changes associated with urbanization across the country, the algal response was more strongly related to more specific factors generally associated with water quality measured within the stream reach.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095022","usgsCitation":"Coles, J.F., Bell, A.H., Scudder, B.C., and Carpenter, K., 2009, The Effects of Urbanization and Other Environmental Gradients on Algal Assemblages in Nine Metropolitan Areas across the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5022, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095022.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5022.jpg"},{"id":12648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,25 ], [ -125,50 ], [ -60,50 ], [ -60,25 ], [ -125,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cb41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coles, James F. 0000-0002-1953-012X jcoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-012X","contributorId":2239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"James","email":"jcoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scudder, Barbara C.","contributorId":100319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211111,"text":"70211111 - 2009 - Combined ecological and geologic perspectives in ecosystem studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T22:31:40.402911","indexId":"70211111","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-07T17:25:57","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined ecological and geologic perspectives in ecosystem studies","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.001","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J.M., Ewing, S.A., and Maher, K., 2009, Combined ecological and geologic perspectives in ecosystem studies: Chemical Geology, v. 267, no. 1-2, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"267","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-3603-7668 jholloway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","email":"jholloway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewing, Stephanie A.","contributorId":50065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maher, Kate","contributorId":97824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maher","given":"Kate","affiliations":[{"id":7039,"text":"Stanford University, Department of Geoloigcal and Environmental Sciences, Stanford, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97480,"text":"sir20085178 - 2009 - Water quality and evaluation of pesticides in lakes in the Ridge Citrus region of central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:53:56.212525","indexId":"sir20085178","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5178","title":"Water quality and evaluation of pesticides in lakes in the Ridge Citrus region of central Florida","docAbstract":"Water chemistry, including major inorganic constituents, nutrients, and pesticide compounds, was compared between seven lakes surrounded by citrus agriculture and an undeveloped lake on the Lake Wales Ridge (herein referred to as the Ridge) in central Florida. The region has been recognized for its vulnerability to the leaching of agricultural chemicals into the subsurface due to factors including soils, climate, and land use. About 40 percent of Florida's citrus cultivation occurs in 'ridge citrus' areas characterized by sandy well drained soils, with the remainder in 'flatwoods citrus' characterized by high water tables and poorly drained soils. The lakes on the Ridge are typically flow-through lakes that exchange water with adjacent and underlying aquifer systems. This study is the first to evaluate the occurrence of pesticides in lakes on the Ridge, and also represents one of the first monitoring efforts nationally to focus on regional-scale assessment of current-use pesticides in small- to moderate-sized lakes (5 to 393 acres). The samples were collected between December 2003 and September 2005. \r\n The lakes in citrus areas contained elevated concentrations of major inorganic constituents (including alkalinity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfate), total nitrogen, pH, and pesticides compared to the undeveloped lake. Nitrate (as N) and total nitrogen concentrations were typically elevated in the citrus lakes, with maximum values of 4.70 and 5.19 mg/L (milligrams per liter), respectively. Elevated concentrations of potassium, nitrate, and other inorganic constituents in the citrus lakes likely reflect inputs from the surficial ground-water system that originated predominantly from agricultural fertilizers, soil amendments, and inorganic pesticides.\r\n A total of 20 pesticide compounds were detected in the lakes, of which 12 compounds exceeded the standardized reporting level of 0.06 ug/L (microgram per liter). Those most frequently detected above the 0.06-ug/L level were aldicarb sulfoxide, diuron, simazine degradates hydroxysimazine and didealkylatrazine (DDA), bromacil, norflurazon, and demethyl norflurazon which occurred at detection rates ranging from 25 to 86 percent of samples, respectively. Typically, pesticide concentrations in the lake samples were less than 1 microgram per liter. The number of targeted pesticide compounds detected per lake in the citrus areas ranged from 9 to 14 compared to 3 compounds detected at trace levels in the undeveloped lake. Consistent detections of parents and degradates in quarterly samples indicated the presence of pesticide compounds in the lakes many months or years (for example, bromacil) after their application, signaling the persistence of some pesticide compounds in the lakes and/or ground-water systems. Pesticide degradate concentrations frequently exceeded parent concentrations in the lakes. This study was the first in the Ridge citrus region to analyze for glyphosate - widely used in citrus - and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), neither of which were detected, as well as a number of triazine degradates, including hydroxysimazine, which were detected.\r\n The lake pesticide concentrations did not exceed current Federal aquatic-life benchmarks, available for 10 of the 20 detected pesticide compounds. Limited occurrences of bromacil, diuron, or norflurazon concentrations were within about 10 to 90 percent of benchmark guidelines for acute effects on nonvascular aquatic plants in one or two of the lakes. The lake pesticide concentrations for several targeted pesticides were relatively high compared to corresponding national stream-water percentiles, which is consistent with this region's vulnerability for pesticide leaching into water resources. \r\n Several factors were evaluated to gain insight into the processes controlling pesticide transport and fate, and to assess their utility for estimating th","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Choquette, A.F., and Kroening, S.E., 2009, Water quality and evaluation of pesticides in lakes in the Ridge Citrus region of central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5178, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085178.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","temporalStart":"2003-12-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5178.jpg"},{"id":12627,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407075,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86623.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Ridge Citrus region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.7036,\n 27.0389\n ],\n [\n -81.2833,\n 27.0389\n ],\n [\n -81.2833,\n 28.3361\n ],\n [\n -81.7036,\n 28.3361\n ],\n [\n -81.7036,\n 27.0389\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choquette, Anne F. achoq@usgs.gov","contributorId":1225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choquette","given":"Anne","email":"achoq@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroening, Sharon E.","contributorId":67868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97484,"text":"sir20095029 - 2009 - Primary Productivity in Meduxnekeag River, Maine, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095029","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5029","title":"Primary Productivity in Meduxnekeag River, Maine, 2005","docAbstract":"During August and September 2005, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, specific conductance, streamflow, and light intensity (LI) were determined continuously at six sites defining five reaches on Meduxnekeag River above and below Houlton, Maine. These data were collected as input for a dual-station whole-stream metabolism model to evaluate primary productivity in the river above and below Houlton. The river receives nutrients and organic matter from tributaries and the Houlton wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Model output estimated gross and net primary productivity for each reach. Gross primary productivity (GPP) varied in each reach but was similar and positive among the reaches. GPP was correlated to LI in the four reaches above the WWTP but not in the reach below. Net primary productivity (NPP) decreased in each successive downstream reach and was negative in the lowest two reaches. NPP was weakly related to LI in the upper two reaches and either not correlated or negatively correlated in the lower three reaches. Relations among GPP, NPP, and LI indicate that the system is heterotrophic in the downstream reaches. The almost linear decrease in NPP (the increase in metabolism and respiration) indicates a cumulative effect of inputs of nutrients and organic matter from tributaries that drain agricultural land, the town of Houlton, and the discharges from the WWTP.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., Schalk, C.W., and Kempf, J.P., 2009, Primary Productivity in Meduxnekeag River, Maine, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5029, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095029.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-08-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12631,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.9,46.083333333333336 ], [ -67.9,46.2 ], [ -67.76666666666667,46.2 ], [ -67.76666666666667,46.083333333333336 ], [ -67.9,46.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, Robert M.","contributorId":68267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempf, Joshua P.","contributorId":35834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempf","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97481,"text":"sir20095079 - 2009 - Evapotranspiration from the Lower Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada, Water Years 2005-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095079","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5079","title":"Evapotranspiration from the Lower Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada, Water Years 2005-07","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration is the ultimate path of outflow of nearly all water from the Lower Walker River basin. Walker Lake is the terminus of the topographically closed Walker River basin, and the lake level has been declining at an average rate of about 1.6 feet per year (ft/yr) since 1917. As a result of the declining lake level, dissolved-solids concentrations are increasingly threatening the fishery and ecosystem health of the lake. Uncertainties in the water budget components of the Lower Walker River basin led the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, to undertake an investigation to refine estimates of the water budget. Evapotranspiration from the Lower Walker River basin represents a major component of this water budget. \r\n\r\nThe specific objectives of this report are to provide estimates of total and net evapotranspiration for water years 2005-07 for areas in the Lower Walker River basin in which annual evapotranspiration exceeds annual precipitation, and to summarize these results for areas of similar vegetation and soil characteristics, hydrographic subareas, and Walker Lake and Weber Reservoir. The three hydrographic subareas include the area along Walker River north of Walker Lake, the area of and adjacent to Walker Lake, and the area south of Walker Lake.\r\n\r\nAreas of annual evapotranspiration exceeding annual precipitation were identified and mapped in the field and were further delineated using remote-sensing analysis. These areas were classified into 10 evapotranspiration units. A network of 11 evapotranspiration stations was operated in natural and agricultural vegetation and on Walker Lake. Measured evapotranspiration rates ranged from 0.5 ft/yr at a sparsely vegetated desert shrub site to 5.0 ft/yr from Walker Lake. The greatest evapotranspiration rate on land was 4.1 ft/yr at an irrigated alfalfa field, and the greatest rate for natural vegetation was 3.9 ft/yr in a riparian community along Walker River. At an evapotranspiration station in a saltcedar grove, measurements indicated a possible decrease in evapotranspiration of about 50 percent due to defoliation of the saltcedar by the saltcedar leaf beetle.\r\n\r\nTotal evapotranspiration from the evapotranspiration units identified in the Lower Walker River basin was about 231,000 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr). Of this amount, about 45,000 acre-ft/yr originated from direct precipitation, resulting in net evapotranspiration of about 186,000 acre-ft/yr. More than 80 percent of net evapotranspiration in the Lower Walker River basin was through evaporation from Walker Lake. Total evaporation from Walker Lake was about 161,000 acre-ft/yr and net evaporation was about 149,000 acre-ft/yr. Some previous estimates of evaporation from Walker Lake based on water-budget analysis actually represent total evaporation minus ground-water inflow to the lake. Historical evaporation rates determined on the basis of water budget analysis were less than the evaporation rate measured directly during this study. The difference could represent ground-water inflow to Walker Lake of 16,000 to 26,000 acre-ft/yr or could indicate that ground-water inflow to Walker Lake is decreasing over time as the lake perimeter recedes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Allander, K.K., Smith, J.L., and Johnson, M.J., 2009, Evapotranspiration from the Lower Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada, Water Years 2005-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5079, Report: viii, 63 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095079.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 63 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12628,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,37.75 ], [ -120,39.75 ], [ -118,39.75 ], [ -118,37.75 ], [ -120,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e06e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97485,"text":"ofr20091018 - 2009 - Methods of Mmax Estimation East of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091018","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1018","title":"Methods of Mmax Estimation East of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Several methods have been used to estimate the magnitude of the largest possible earthquake (Mmax) in parts of the Central and Eastern United States and adjacent Canada (CEUSAC). Each method has pros and cons. The largest observed earthquake in a specified area provides an unarguable lower bound on Mmax in the area. Beyond that, all methods are undermined by the enigmatic nature of geologic controls on the propagation of large CEUSAC ruptures. Short historical-seismicity records decrease the defensibility of several methods that are based on characteristics of small areas in most of CEUSAC. Methods that use global tectonic analogs of CEUSAC encounter uncertainties in understanding what 'analog' means. Five of the methods produce results that are inconsistent with paleoseismic findings from CEUSAC seismic zones or individual active faults.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091018","collaboration":"Prepared with funding from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., 2009, Methods of Mmax Estimation East of the Rocky Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1018, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091018.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12632,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,25 ], [ -115,55 ], [ -60,55 ], [ -60,25 ], [ -115,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}