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,{"id":115,"text":"115 - 1985 - Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T13:26:39","indexId":"115","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T13:24:33","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/115","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Branch of Alaskan Geology, Committee on Safety.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska (2d ed.), 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/115.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.44,51.21 ], [ 172.44,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.44,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"2d ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e5ae4b0beb42bdca44b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121028,"text":"70121028 - 1985 - Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T10:26:37","indexId":"70121028","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T09:53:42","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"WELUT-85/W05","title":"Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop","docAbstract":"<p>In the early 1960's, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began purchasing 140,000 acres on Merritt Island, Florida, in order to develop a center for space exploration.  Most of this land was acquired to provide a safety and security buffer around NASA facilities.  NASA, as the managing agency for the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), is responsible for preventing or controlling environmental pollution from the Federal facilities and activities at the Space Center and is committed to use all practicable means to protect and enhance the quality of the surrounding environment.  The Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1963 when management authority for undeveloped lands at KSC was transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In addition to manage for 11 Federally-listed threatened and endangered species and other resident and migratory fish and wildlife populations, the Refuge has comanagement responsibility for 19,000 acres of mosquito control impoundments and 2,500 acres of citrus groves.  The Canaveral National Seashore was developed in 1975 when management of a portion of the coastal lands was transferred from NASA to the National Park Service.  This multiagency jurisdiction on Merritt Island has resulted in a complex management environment.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The modeling workshop described in this report was conducted May 21-25, 1984, at the Kennedy Space Center to: (1) enhance communication among the agencies with management responsibilities on Merritt Island; (2) integrate available information concerning the development, management, and ecology of Merritt Island; and (3) identify key research and monitoring needs associated with the management and use of the island's resources.  The workshop was structured around the formulation of a model that would simulate primary management and use activities on Merritt Island and their effects on upland, impoundment, and estuarine vegetation and associated wildlife.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The simulation model is composed of four connected submodels.  The Uplands submodel calculates changes in acres and structural components of vegetation communities resulting from succession, fire, facilities development, and shuttle launch depositions, as well as the quantity and quality of surface runoff and aquifer input to an impoundment and an estuary.  The Impoundment submodel next determines water quality and quantity and changes in vegetation resulting from water level manipulation and prescribed burning.  The Estuary submodel than determines water quality parameters and acres of seagrass beds.  Finally, the Wildlife submodel calculates habitat suitability indices for key species of interest, based on vegetation conditions in the uplands and impoundments and on several hydrologic parameters.  The model represents a hypothetical management unit with 2,500 acres of uplands, a 600-acre impoundment, and a 1,500-acre section of estuary.  Two management scenarios were run to analyze model behavior.  The scenarios differ in the frequency of shuttle launches and prescribed burning, the extent of facilities development, the amount of land disposed waste material applied, and the nature and timing of impoundment water level control.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Early in a model development project, the <u>process</u> of building the model is usually of greater benefit than the model itself. The model building process stimulates interaction among agencies, assists in integrating existing information, and helps identify research needs. These benefits usually accrue even in the absence of real predictive power in the resulting model.  Open communication occurs among the Federal, State, and local agencies involved with activities on Merritt Island and the agencies have a cooperative working relationship.  The workshop provided an opportunity for all of these agencies to meet at one time and have focused discussions on the key environmental and multiagency resource management issues.  The workshop framework helped to integrate information and assumptions from a number of disciplines and agencies.  This integration occurred in the computer simulation model and among workshop participants as submodel linkages were developed and scenario results discussed.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A number of research needs were identified at the workshop during the model building and testing exercises and associated discussions.  These needs were based on the informed judgement of researchers and managers familiar with Merritt Island or similar areas, rather than on a comprehensive literature review of sensitivity analysis of the preliminary model developed at the workshop.  Some of the needs can be addressed by interpreting the results of completed studies from similar geographic areas as they relate to Merritt Island, while other will require additional research studies on Merritt Island.  Major research needs associated with the Upland submodel include behavior of the near-surface aquifer, factors limiting slash pine regeneration, frequency and effects of natural fire on various cover types, cumulative effects of shuttle launches, and fate in upland soils of nitrogen and phosphorous from land applied waste material.  Key Impoundment submodel needs include documentation of vegetation changes in response to altered water depth, salinity, and nutrient concentrations and better specification of the functional characteristics of impoundments as chemical filters.  Important information gaps identified in the Estuary submodel include a more complete analysis of factors contributing to phytoplankton abundance, evaluation of sources of turbidity other than phytoplankton, and identification and quantification of factors limiting seagrass distribution.  Primary research needs associated with the Wildlife submodel include a survey of breeding habitat, production data, and harvest data for mottled ducks; data on the emigration and immigration of juvenile mullet (and other transient fish) in the impoundment; the contribution of various seagrasses to habitat requirements of sea trout; and the effects of dissolved oxygen on survival of juvenile sea trout.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ideally, the modeling workshop process is iterative in nature.  Periods between workshops are used for research, data collection, and model refinement.  Each workshop integrates information collected since the last workshop and produces a more credible model that is more useful in evaluating management alternatives.  Participants felt that continued application of this process would help provide ongoing integration and communication among agencies and would allow each agency's planning and management activities to be viewed within the context of an overall assessment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Andrews, A.K., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., Farmer, A.H., and Roelle, J.E., 1985, Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop, 130 p.","productDescription":"130 p.","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cae4b073ff773a7cfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70012911,"text":"70012911 - 1985 - Variability in measured bedload-transport rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T17:01:28.343429","indexId":"70012911","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in measured bedload-transport rates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variability in bedload-transport rates during constant water discharge is an inherent part of the bedload-transport process. Although this variability has been measured extensively in the laboratory, similar information generally is not available from field measurements. During a four-day period of nearly constant water discharge, four sets of consecutively collected bedload samples, ranging from 43 to 120 samples, were obtained at the same cross channel location using a standard 65-pound Helley-Smith bedload sampler. When the measured transport rates are converted to dimensionless rates and plotted as cumulative frequency distributions, they show good agreement with a theoretical probability distribution function of rates derived for the case of ripples on dunes. The distributions show that during constant water discharge individual measured rates at a fixed point vary from near zero to four times the mean rate, and 60 percent of the sampled rates will be less than the mean. Because of the large variation in transport rates that occurs at every location in the cross section, many observations are required to establish an accurate estimate of the mean rate at any given location.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05349.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Carey, W.P., 1985, Variability in measured bedload-transport rates: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 21, no. 1, p. 39-48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05349.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Obion 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,{"id":70013028,"text":"70013028 - 1985 - Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:44:05.185371","indexId":"70013028","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters","docAbstract":"Fluid inclusions in uranium series-dated calcitic veins from the southern Great Basin record a reduction of 40 per mil in the deuterium content of groundwater recharge during the Pleistocene. This variation is tentatively attributed to major uplift of the Sierra Nevada Range and the Transverse Ranges during this epoch with attendant increasing orographic depletion of deuterium from inlandbound Pacific storms.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.227.4686.519","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., Szabo, B.J., Coplen, T.B., Riggs, A., and Kolesar, P.T., 1985, Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters: Science, v. 227, no. 4686, p. 519-522, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4686.519.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"522","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.93755792133905,\n              40.595257857740194\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.51890076156303,\n              38.18376621301443\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.50460099886665,\n              35.816286413567255\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.56848608668619,\n              35.95447927961281\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99983831314074,\n              38.97424746122112\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.28681722976856,\n              40.56646032462626\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93755792133905,\n              40.595257857740194\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"227","issue":"4686","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb99fe4b08c986b327cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac J. ijwinogr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"ijwinogr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riggs, A.C.","contributorId":41462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolesar, Peter T.","contributorId":32296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolesar","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70207793,"text":"70207793 - 1985 - Variations in the global carbon cycle during the Cretaceous related to climate, volcanism, and changes in atmospheric CO2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-22T13:03:53.690968","indexId":"70207793","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-13T09:31:35","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Variations in the global carbon cycle during the Cretaceous related to climate, volcanism, and changes in atmospheric CO2","docAbstract":"<p>The stratigraphic record from both deep-sea and shallow-water depositional environments indicates that during late Aptian through Cenomanian time (1) global climates were considerably warmer than at present; (2) latitudinal gradients of atmospheric and oceanic temperatures were considerably less than at present; (3) rates of accumulation of organic matter of both marine and terrestrial origin were as high as or higher than during any other interval in the Mesozoic or Cenozoic; (4) the rate and volume of accumulation of CaCO 3 in the deep sea were reduced in response to a marked shoaling of the carbonate compensation depth; (5) seafloor spreading rates were somewhat more rapid than at any other time in the Cretaceous or Cenozoic; (6) off-ridge volcanism was intense and widespread, particularly in the ancestral Pacific Ocean basin; and (7) sea level was relatively high, forming widespread areas of shallow shelf seas. A marked increase in the rate of CO 2 outgassing due to volcanic activity between about 110 and 70 m.y. ago may have resulted in a buildup of atmospheric CO 2. A significant fraction of this atmospheric CO 2 may have been reduced by an increase in the production and burial of terrestrial organic carbon. Some excess CO 2may have been consumed by marine algal photosynthesis, but marine productivity apparently was low during the Aptian-Albian relative to terrestrial productivity. Terrestrial productivity also may have been stimulated by increased rainfall that resulted 504 from a warm global climate and increased marine transgression as well as by the higher CO 2. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2: Natural variations archean to present","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM032p0504","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M., Dean, W.E., and Schlanger, S., 1985, Variations in the global carbon cycle during the Cretaceous related to climate, volcanism, and changes in atmospheric CO2, chap. <i>of</i> The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2: Natural variations archean to present, v. 32, p. 504-529, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM032p0504.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"529","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Western Pacific Ocean","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlanger, S.O.","contributorId":104508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlanger","given":"S.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168848,"text":"70168848 - 1985 - Water resources of north-central Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T20:23:27.606703","indexId":"70168848","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5106,"text":"Iowa Geological Survey Water Atlas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Water resources of north-central Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>One of man's fundamental needs is water. &nbsp;Modern man needs both a safe and dependable supply of water to maintain his present economic, industrial, and cultural level. &nbsp;In order to use this natural resource in the most efficient and beneficial manner, a basic knowledge and understanding of water sources, and of the occurrence and potential of each source, needs to be gained. &nbsp;To provide this information, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey, has compiled this atlas. &nbsp;It describes the water resources available for development in an 11-county area in north-central Iowa. The report contains information on the quantity, quality, and use of water from all known sources of water. &nbsp;This information is presented to aid water users and developers who are searching for and evaluating sources of water for specific sites. &nbsp;It also will be an aid to water planners and managers who must develop the available water resources on a regional basis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R., Gaillot, G., and Soenksen, P.J., 1985, Water resources of north-central Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey Water Atlas 7, xi, 93 p.","productDescription":"xi, 93 p.","numberOfPages":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70168848/IGS_Water_Atlas_Number_7.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.5536,42.9059],[-92.5549,42.8172],[-92.5548,42.7299],[-92.5554,42.6409],[-92.5553,42.555],[-92.6755,42.5558],[-92.7925,42.556],[-92.9101,42.5557],[-93.0284,42.5562],[-93.1473,42.5561],[-93.2637,42.5564],[-93.3819,42.557],[-93.5002,42.557],[-93.6191,42.5565],[-93.7367,42.5568],[-93.8563,42.557],[-93.972,42.5566],[-93.9714,42.6434],[-94.0942,42.6438],[-94.2101,42.6437],[-94.3279,42.6435],[-94.4457,42.644],[-94.4456,42.7304],[-94.4456,42.8181],[-94.4456,42.9068],[-94.4449,42.9932],[-94.4448,43.0823],[-94.4441,43.1688],[-94.4434,43.2557],[-94.4428,43.3448],[-94.4421,43.4336],[-94.4412,43.5035],[-94.2487,43.504],[-94.0783,43.5043],[-93.9691,43.5044],[-93.6782,43.5047],[-93.6485,43.5045],[-93.4964,43.504],[-93.2844,43.5032],[-93.0502,43.5034],[-93.0238,43.5035],[-92.8805,43.5033],[-92.553,43.5027],[-92.554,43.4304],[-92.5545,43.343],[-92.5545,43.2561],[-92.5544,43.2129],[-92.5538,43.1688],[-92.5543,43.0828],[-92.5543,42.9928],[-92.5536,42.9059]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Butler\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabff9e4b015c306f84d39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, Robert","contributorId":82742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaillot, Gary","contributorId":167361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaillot","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soenksen, P. J.","contributorId":71575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soenksen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006914,"text":"70006914 - 1985 - Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of rotenone by bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus )","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-15T17:16:41","indexId":"70006914","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T14:51:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of rotenone by bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus )","docAbstract":"Yearling bluegills (<i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of [<sup>14</sup>C]rotenone (5.2 &mu;g/l) for 30 days in a continuous flow exposure system and then transferred to clean, flowing water for an additional 21-day depuration period. Rates of uptake and elimination and profile of the rotenoid metabolites in head, viscera, and carcass components were evaluated by <sup>14</sup>C counting and by high performance liquid chromatography. Total [<sup>14</sup>C]rotenone derived activity was relatively uniform in all body components within 3 days after initial exposure and remained constant during the ensuing 27 days of exposure. Initial uptake rate coefficients were highest in viscera (K<sub>u</sub> = 80&middot; h <sup>-1</sup>) and were nearly identical for head (K<sub>u</sub> = 14 &middot; h) and carcass (K<sub>u</sub> = 10 &middot; h<sup>-1</sup>). Analyses of tissue extracts by high performance liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of at least six biotransformation products of rotenone. More than 60% of the activity extracted from viscera was present as a single peak which represented a compound that was extremely soluble in water. Rotenone composed only 0.3% of the extractable activity in viscera taken from fish exposed to rotenone for 30 days; however, rotenone accounted for 15.4% of extractable activity in the head and 20.1% in the carcass components. Rotenolone and 6<i>'</i>,7<i>'</i>-dihydro-6<i>'</i>-,7<i>'</i>--dihydroxyrotenolone were tentatively identified as oxidation products in all tissue extracts. Elimination of <sup>14</sup>C activity from all body components was biphasic; both phases followed first-order kinetics. The rate of elimination was nearly equal for all body components during the initial phase but was most rapid from viscera during the second phase of elimination. Bioconcentration factors for the head, viscera, and carcass were 165, 3,550, and 125, respectively, when calculated on the basis of total <sup>14</sup>C activity but only 25.4, 11, and 26 when calculated as the concentration of parent material.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0166-445X(85)90003-7","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, W., and Rach, J., 1985, Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of rotenone by bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus ): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 179-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(85)90003-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(85)90003-7"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e55f63e4b0a4aa5bb03eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70095009,"text":"70095009 - 1985 - Mapping and research in the exclusive economic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:33:18","indexId":"70095009","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T14:20:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Mapping and research in the exclusive economic zone","docAbstract":"By proclamation of the President on March 10, \n1983, the United States claimed sovereign rights and \njurisdiction within an Exclusive Economic Zone \n(EEZ). The United States is responsible for wisely \ndeveloping and managing the EEZ and its marine \nresources and for protecting its environment. \n\nThe U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone is a region that\nextends seaward 200 nautical miles from the coast\nand brings within the national domain over 3 million\nsquare nautical miles of submarine lands. The EEZ\ncontains vital natural resources, both living and nonliving,\nof the seabed, subsoil, and overlying water.\nBecause most of the EEZ has not been explored, its\nresources and their potential remain undefined","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70095009","usgsCitation":"McGregor, B.A., and Lockwood, M., 1985, Mapping and research in the exclusive economic zone, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70095009.","productDescription":"40 p.","numberOfPages":"42","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70095009.jpg"},{"id":284831,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70095009/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594b0e4b0120853e8c06c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, Bonnie A.","contributorId":61022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, Millington","contributorId":91843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"Millington","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170848,"text":"70170848 - 1985 - Confined-drift aquifers studied near the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa Rivers, west-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:25:04","indexId":"70170848","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Confined-drift aquifers studied near the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa Rivers, west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70170848","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., 1985, Confined-drift aquifers studied near the Pomme de Terre and Chippewa Rivers, west-central Minnesota: Open-File Report, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170848.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa River and Pomme de Terre River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d2ee4b0b13d391b4471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120935,"text":"70120935 - 1985 - Discussion of 'Critical water velocity for snail habitats in canals' by W. R. Jobin, A. Laracuente, R. Mercado, and H. Negron-Aponte","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T15:42:44.25654","indexId":"70120935","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T14:11:37","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of 'Critical water velocity for snail habitats in canals' by W. R. Jobin, A. Laracuente, R. Mercado, and H. Negron-Aponte","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1985)111:3(389)","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1985, Discussion of 'Critical water velocity for snail habitats in canals' by W. R. Jobin, A. Laracuente, R. Mercado, and H. Negron-Aponte: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 111, no. 3, p. 389-392, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1985)111:3(389).","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe0e4b033341871890a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120924,"text":"70120924 - 1985 - Selecting study reaches for the instream flow incremental methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T13:34:52","indexId":"70120924","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T13:33:09","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Selecting study reaches for the instream flow incremental methodology","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Selecting study reaches for the instream flow incremental methodology.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fede4b0333418718953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70114204,"text":"70114204 - 1985 - Hydrogeology, digital solute-transport simulation, and geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous aquifer system near Baltimore, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T15:11:45","indexId":"70114204","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T13:01:54","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":121,"text":"Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"43","title":"Hydrogeology, digital solute-transport simulation, and geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous aquifer system near Baltimore, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>This study was made to develop information on the hydrogeology and ground-water geochemistry of the Patuxent and Patapsco aquifers (Lower Cretaceous) near Baltimore, Maryland. This information is needed to evaluate the availability and chemical quality of water from these aquifers.</p><p>The Patuxent aquifer unconformably overlies Lower Paleozoic and Precambrian basement rocks and consists primarily of medium- to coarse-grained quartz sand. Discontinuous lenses of gravel and silty clay are commonly interbedded with the sand-sized material. The Patuxent aquifer in this area attains a thickness of 250 feet and transmissivities range from 2,000 to 8,000 feet squared per day. The Patuxent is the most productive source of ground water in the Baltimore area. In 1982, approximately 11 million gallons of water per day was produced from this unit. Several cones of depression, ranging from 30 to 50 feet below sea level, have developed in response to this pumping stress.</p><p>The Arundel Formation conformably overlies the Patuxent aquifer. The Arundel is composed predominantly of clay and ranges from 0 to 150 feet thick. The Arundel exhibits very low vertical hydraulic conductivities that are on the order of 10<sup>-9</sup> to 10<sup>-11</sup> feet per second. This unit acts as the upper confining bed of the Patuxent aquifer in much of the project area. The Patapsco aquifer unconformably overlies the Arundel Formation and is a medium- to fine-grained quartz sand. The Patapsco functions as a water-table aquifer in much of the project area. Although the Patapsco has been heavily pumped in the past, pumpage from that aquifer in Baltimore was negligible in 1982.</p><p>Brackish-water contamination of the Patuxent and Patapsco aquifers has been a major water-quality problem since the early 1900's. The Patuxent aquifer presently (1982) contains a circular plume of brackish-water contamination about 5 miles in diameter. This plume is centered on the Harbor district and has enlarged measurably since 1945. The Patapsco aquifer has a smaller zone of brackish-water contamination that has decreased in size since 1945. Borehole data demonstrate that the Arundel Formation has been breached by Pleistocene river channels near the Harbor district. These erosional channels provide a conduit for brackish water to intrude into the Patuxent aquifer. A two-dimensional areal solute-transport model of the Patuxent aquifer was constructed. This model was designed to estimate the future movement of the brackish-water plume based on alternative scenarios of aquifer use. Model simulations suggest that the plume will remain relatively immobile if 1982 pumping patterns continue into the foreseeable future. However, increased pumpage in the Marley Neck peninsula could draw the plume to the southeast and increase contamination of the Fairfield area.</p><p>The water quality of the Patuxent aquifer is extremely variable. Because of this variability, it is useful to divide the aquifer into three water-quality zones: Zone 1 -- This zone corresponds to the plume of brackish-water contamination. Zone 2 -- This zone exhibits evidence of urbanization-related contamination such as measurable concentrations of organic chemicals and elevated concentrations of trace elements and total organic carbon. Zone 3 -- Water composition in this zone is controlled exclusively by naturally occurring chemical processes. These processes are dominated by reactions involving dissolved iron. Near the outcrop area, oxidation of pyrite and lignite consumes dissolved oxygen and produces ledges of iron hydroxide-cemented sandstones and conglomerates. The predominant dissolved iron species in oxic water is Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>. Downgradient, the water becomes anoxic and sulfate reduction becomes an important process. The predominant dissolved iron species in anoxic water is Fe<sup>2+</sup>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Maryland Geological Survey","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., 1985, Hydrogeology, digital solute-transport simulation, and geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous aquifer system near Baltimore, Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations 43, Report: vi, 120 p.; 2 Plates: 12.35 x 15.77 inches and 13.82 x 9.30 inches.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 120 p.; 2 Plates: 12.35 x 15.77 inches and 13.82 x 9.30 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290144,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70114204/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"60.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":290142,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70114204/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"699.75 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":290143,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70114204/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"369.62 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","city":"Baltimore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.798553,39.025052 ], [ -76.798553,39.45104 ], [ -76.315842,39.45104 ], [ -76.315842,39.025052 ], [ -76.798553,39.025052 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa9df3e4b065055fab166b","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"with a section compiled by Kean, Tracey M.","contributorId":16756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"with a section compiled by Kean","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681410,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120906,"text":"70120906 - 1985 - Chronology of migration by American coots in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T12:52:01","indexId":"70120906","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T12:47:17","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology of migration by American coots in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"American coots (<i>Fulica americana</i>) were studied on large reservoirs in north-central Oklahoma in 1979-1982 to determine chronologies of migrations by age- and sex class.  Coots began migrating into Oklahoma in mid-September, numbers peaked in early to mid-October, and few birds were seen after 1 November.  Some late migrants appeared in mid-December.  In spring, coots began migrating in late February, numbers peaked in mid-April, and the last birds were seen in mid-May.  Generally, adult and juvenile males and juvenile female coots migrated simultaneously in autumn, but adult females completed migration by 1 November.  A few juveniles and adult males migrated in December.  Adult coots preceded yearlings in spring.  Despite annual and between-lake differences in chronology of autumn migration, most coots migrated before waterfowl hunting season in Oklahoma.  Coot hunting seasons in mid-latitude states should commence before the general waterfowl season where management goals are to increase hunter interest and the harvest of birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3801878","usgsCitation":"Eddleman, W.R., Knopf, F., and Patterson, C.T., 1985, Chronology of migration by American coots in Oklahoma: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 1, p. 241-246, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801878.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292427,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801878"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0025,33.6158 ], [ -103.0025,37.0023 ], [ -94.4307,37.0023 ], [ -94.4307,33.6158 ], [ -103.0025,33.6158 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fdbe4b03334187188fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddleman, William R.","contributorId":40685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddleman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Craig T.","contributorId":15940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1457,"text":"1457 - 1985 - Federal program activities of the Water Resources Division, April 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-10T12:32:03","indexId":"1457","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T12:02:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Federal program activities of the Water Resources Division, April 1985","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/1457","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Federal program activities of the Water Resources Division, April 1985, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/1457.","productDescription":"46 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bfb5fae4b06d97a6487d15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198549,"text":"70198549 - 1985 - Application of NMR spectroscopy for determining functionality in humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:15:56","indexId":"70198549","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T11:35:52","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of NMR spectroscopy for determining functionality in humic substances","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: Geochemistry, isolation, and characterization","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., 1985, Application of NMR spectroscopy for determining functionality in humic substances, chap. <i>of</i> Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: Geochemistry, isolation, and characterization, p. 561-582.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"561","endPage":"582","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":741859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200536,"text":"70200536 - 1985 - Geomorphologic evidence for ground ice on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T11:28:34","indexId":"70200536","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T11:28:08","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geomorphologic evidence for ground ice on Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>For ground ice to exist on Mars, two conditions have to be met. One is the presence of permafrost; the second is the availability of water. Because the mean temperature of Mars’surface is − 80 C., permafrost 1–3 km thick occurs over the entire planet. Remote-sensing measurements suggest that water presently exists in the atmosphere and in the polar caps; frost has been observed at the Viking landing sites. Landforms that support the contention that ground ice exists on Mars include lobate ejecta from craters, small valley networks, and numerous features that may be attributed to thermokarst. Chaotically collapsed terrain, chain craters, irregular depressions, and valleys tributary to canyons all appear to be related to loss of ground ice. Patterned ground has dimensions similar to that on Earth as well as dimensions of giant size. Masswasting features are common on scarps Even though individual features may be explained as results of other processes, the combined evidence indicates that a large reservoir of ground ice has existed on Mars.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ices in the solar system","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer, Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-5418-2_39","isbn":"978-94-010-8891-6","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1985, Geomorphologic evidence for ground ice on Mars, chap. <i>of</i> Ices in the solar system, p. 583-604, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5418-2_39.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"604","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121049,"text":"70121049 - 1985 - Refuge management analyses: water management alternatives at Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T11:27:39","indexId":"70121049","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T11:26:35","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"WELUT-85/W12","title":"Refuge management analyses: water management alternatives at Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Roelle, J.E., and Ellison, R., 1985, Refuge management analyses: water management alternatives at Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Forest City","otherGeospatial":"Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.267295,40.052242 ], [ -95.267295,40.110114 ], [ -95.23008,40.110114 ], [ -95.23008,40.052242 ], [ -95.267295,40.052242 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cee4b073ff773a7d5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":91066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, R.A.","contributorId":82709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198548,"text":"70198548 - 1985 - Molecular weight and size measurements of humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:15:28","indexId":"70198548","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T11:17:42","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Molecular weight and size measurements of humic substances","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: Geochemistry, isolation, and characterization","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R., and Aiken, G.R., 1985, Molecular weight and size measurements of humic substances, chap. <i>of</i> Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: Geochemistry, isolation, and characterization, p. 477-492.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"492","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198717,"text":"70198717 - 1985 - Aspects of the biogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T10:43:49","indexId":"70198717","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T10:40:24","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Aspects of the biogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary ecology","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Smith, R.L., and Culbertson, C.W., 1985, Aspects of the biogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada, chap. <i>of</i> Planetary ecology, p. 81-88.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"88","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":906,"text":"906 - 1985 - Water resources data: New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T09:13:31","indexId":"906","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T09:10:51","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data: New York","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/906","collaboration":"Prepared by U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Water resources data: New York, https://doi.org/10.3133/906.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.7621,40.496 ], [ -79.7621,45.0159 ], [ -71.8563,45.0159 ], [ -71.8563,40.496 ], [ -79.7621,40.496 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53be6490e4b0527d5d4097eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198594,"text":"70198594 - 1985 - Humic substances in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:21:14","indexId":"70198594","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T08:37:36","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Humic substances in groundwater","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: Geochemistry, isolation, and characterization","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1002/gj.3350210213","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., 1985, Humic substances in groundwater, chap. <i>of</i> Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: Geochemistry, isolation, and characterization, p. 87-103, https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350210213.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350210213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Aiken, G. R.","contributorId":118978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, D.M.","contributorId":189736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742080,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742081,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCarthy, Peter 0000-0002-2396-7463 pmccarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-7463","contributorId":2504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Peter","email":"pmccarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742082,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":132,"text":"wsp2275 - 1985 - National water summary 1984: Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends, and ground-water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T21:54:54.880428","indexId":"wsp2275","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2275","title":"National water summary 1984: Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends, and ground-water resources","docAbstract":"<p>Water year 1984 was a year of extreme hydrologic conditions. For the third consecutive year, precipitation and resulting runoff were well above long-term averages in most of the Nation and as much as 400 percent above average in the Southwest. National flood damages during the year were the third highest in a 10-year period (1975-84) an estimated $3.5 to $4 billion. In many of the larger river systems, monthly stream discharges were above normal, as they have been for the last 2 water years, and, with the exception of a few reservoir systems, end-of-month reservoir storage also remained above normal. The Great Salt Lake reached its highest level since 1873 as a result of these conditions. During a 9.6-foot rise from September 1982 to July 1984, the area of the lake expanded by 600 square miles (an increase of 35 percent), resulting in an estimated $212 million in damages to recreational facilities and industrial installations built on the exposed lake bed during former lower levels. Other lake levels in closed basins of the Western United States also have risen over the past few years, thereby flooding communities, recreational facilities, and agricultural lands. In contrast to this predominant pattern of wet conditions, several areas of the country, mainly west Texas and Hawaii, have experienced persistent droughts. Most recently, very dry conditions existed in parts of northern Montana. 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,{"id":2000005,"text":"2000005 - 1985 - Population dynamics and interagency management of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan, 1967-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2000005","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"44","title":"Population dynamics and interagency management of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan, 1967-1982","docAbstract":"This paper examines the population dynamics of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan during a progressive decline in abundance from about the mid1960s through the mid1970s, and during a subsequent recovery that is still underway. The study focused on developing a data base and methodology for projecting fishable surpluses, in cooperation with a chub technical committee sponsored by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. The Technical Committee was formed in 1974 because of depletion of bloaters and other deepwater ciscoes or 'chubs,' as they are known by Great Lakes fishermen. Subsequently the Technical Committee recommended a lakewide ban on chub fishing that was fully enacted by the states of Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin in 1976.\nWith the Committee's help, commercial fishery statistics and stock assessment data were obtained from state and federal research files and used with various indirect analytical techniques to estimate relevant population parameters. The lakewide fishable stock in fall 1973, before the fishery was affected by several incomplete closures and then by the lakewide ban, was estimated as 48 to 73 million bloaters weighing 20 to 29 million pounds. Exploitation of the estimated stock varied considerably among 11 statistical districts in the several jurisdictions. Yield to the fishery exceeded production by the stock in some districts.\nTheoretical yields of bloaters totaling 3.59 to 3.72 million pounds were projected from 1979 for all waters combined. These projected yields were intended as guidelines for experimental quotas that the states might establish, because the population had stabilized and the potential for recruitment had improved in most areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Brown, E.H., Rybicki, R.W., and Poff, R.J., 1985, Population dynamics and interagency management of the bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan, 1967-1982: Technical Report 44, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr44.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Edward H. Jr.","contributorId":33251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, Ronald W.","contributorId":34886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poff, Ronald J.","contributorId":105406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26047,"text":"wri854169 - 1985 - Major and trace-element analyses of acid mine waters in the Leviathan Mine drainage basin, California/Nevada; October, 1981 to October, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:47:15.067137","indexId":"wri854169","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4169","title":"Major and trace-element analyses of acid mine waters in the Leviathan Mine drainage basin, California/Nevada; October, 1981 to October, 1982","docAbstract":"<p>Water issuing from the inactive Leviathan open-pit sulfur mine has caused serious degradation of the water quality in the Leviathan/Bryant Creek drainage basin which drains into the East Fork of the Carson River. As part of a pollution abatement project of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, the U.S. Geological Survey collected hydrologic and water quality data for the basin during 1981-82. During this period a comprehensive sampling survey was completed to provide information on trace metal attenuation during downstream transport and to provide data for interpreting geochemical processes. This report presents the analytical results from this sampling survey. Sixty-seven water samples were filtered and preserved on-site at 45 locations and at 3 different times. Temperature, discharge, pH, and Eh and specific conductance were measured on-site. Concentrations of 37 major and trace constituents were determined later in the laboratory on preserved samples. The quality of the analyses was checked by using two or more techniques to determine the concentrations including d.c.-argon plasma emission spectrometry (DCP), flame and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry, hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ion chromatography. Additional quality control was obtained by comparing measured to calculated conductance, comparing measured to calculated Eh (from Fe-2 +/Fe-3+ determinations), charge balance calculations and mass balance calculations for conservative constituents at confluence points. Leviathan acid mine waters contain mg/L concentrations of As, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, T1, V and Zn, and hundreds to thousands of mg/L concentrations of Al, Fe, and sulfate at pH values as low as 1.8. Other elements including Ba, B, Be, Bi, Cd , Mo, Sb, Se and Te are elevated above normal background concentrations and fall in the microgram/L range. The chemical and 34 S/32 S isotopic analyses demonstrate that these acid waters are derived from pyrite oxidation and not from the oxidation of elemental sulfur.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854169","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1985, Major and trace-element analyses of acid mine waters in the Leviathan Mine drainage basin, California/Nevada; October, 1981 to October, 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4169, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854169.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415876,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36324.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4169/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Leviathan Mine drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.722,\n              38.828\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.722,\n              38.669\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.583,\n              38.669\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.583,\n              38.828\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.722,\n              38.828\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. 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