{"pageNumber":"2024","pageRowStart":"50575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70013408,"text":"70013408 - 1985 - MODEL FOR SIMULATING FLOODS IN RIVERS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013408","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODEL FOR SIMULATING FLOODS IN RIVERS.","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional model capable of simulating flood wave propagation in a river or network of channels is presented. The computer model is programmed to provide maximum flexibility in the adaptation of channel geometry, the specification of conveyance properties, and the treatment of boundary conditions. An equation transformation procedure is employed in the model to minimize computer storage and execution time requirements by reducing the order of the resultant coefficient matrices. Based on a four-point implicit finite-difference approximation of the governing, nonlinear, flow equations, the model can be used to simulate the wide range of flow conditions typically encountered in various natural waterbody systems. Two particular applications are presented to demonstrate the computational features and capabilities of the model in the simulation of flood wave propagation.","largerWorkTitle":"Simulation Series","conferenceTitle":"Emergency Planning, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Soc for Computer Simulation","publisherLocation":"La Jolla, CA, USA","issn":"07359276","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 1985, MODEL FOR SIMULATING FLOODS IN RIVERS., <i>in</i> Simulation Series, v. 15, no. 1, San Diego, CA, USA, p. 132-139.","startPage":"132","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad2e4b0c8380cd69098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013488,"text":"70013488 - 1985 - WATER INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013488","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"WATER INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"As a part of the Geological Survey's program of releasing water data to the public, two large-scale computerized systems are maintained. The National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System was developed to provide more effective and efficient management of data-releasing activities and provides for the processing, storage, and retrieval of surface-water, ground-water and water-quality data. Another service available is providing assistance to users of water data to identify, locate, and acquire needed data. This service is provided by the National Water Data Exchange, which has the mission to identify sources of water data and to provide the connection between those who acquire and those who use water data.","conferenceTitle":"Computer Applications in Water Resources, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624676","usgsCitation":"Showen, C.R., 1985, WATER INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., Computer Applications in Water Resources, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference., Buffalo, NY, USA, p. 364-372.","startPage":"364","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc38ee4b08c986b32b246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Showen, Charles R.","contributorId":105717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showen","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013897,"text":"70013897 - 1985 - In-situ fluid-pressure measurements for earthquake prediction: An example from a deep well at Hi Vista, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70013897","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-situ fluid-pressure measurements for earthquake prediction: An example from a deep well at Hi Vista, California","docAbstract":"Short-term earthquake prediction requires sensitive instruments for measuring the small anomalous changes in stress and strain that precede earthquakes. Instruments installed at or near the surface have proven too noisy for measuring anomalies of the size expected to occur, and it is now recognized that even to have the possibility of a reliable earthquake-prediction system will require instruments installed in drill holes at depths sufficient to reduce the background noise to a level below that of the expected premonitory signals. We are conducting experiments to determine the maximum signal-to-noise improvement that can be obtained in drill holes. In a 592 m well in the Mojave Desert near Hi Vista, California, we measured water-level changes with amplitudes greater than 10 cm, induced by earth tides. By removing the effects of barometric pressure and the stress related to earth tides, we have achieved a sensitivity to volumetric strain rates of 10-9 to 10-10 per day. Further improvement may be possible, and it appears that a successful earthquake-prediction capability may be achieved with an array of instruments installed in drill holes at depths of about 1 km, assuming that the premonitory strain signals are, in fact, present. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874598","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Healy, J.H., and Urban, T.C., 1985, In-situ fluid-pressure measurements for earthquake prediction: An example from a deep well at Hi Vista, California: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 2-4, p. 255-279, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874598.","startPage":"255","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205667,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874598"},{"id":225923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39c2e4b0c8380cd61a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urban, T. C.","contributorId":49788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013409,"text":"70013409 - 1985 - Nitrogen-isotope ratios of nitrate in ground water under fertilized fields, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:55:28.507974","indexId":"70013409","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen-isotope ratios of nitrate in ground water under fertilized fields, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water samples from two heavily fertilized sites in Suffolk County, New York, were collected through the 1978 growing season and analyzed for nitrate-N concentrations and nitrogen-isotope ratios. Six wells were at a potato farm; six were on a golf course. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N ratios (δ<sup>15</sup>N values) of fertilizer are increased during transit from land surface to ground water to an extent which would preclude use of this ratio to distinguish agricultural from animal sources of nitrate in ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb02780.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Flipse, W., and Bonner, F., 1985, Nitrogen-isotope ratios of nitrate in ground water under fertilized fields, Long Island, New York: Groundwater, v. 23, no. 1, p. 59-67, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb02780.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66fee4b0c8380cd730fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flipse, W.J. Jr.","contributorId":98733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flipse","given":"W.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonner, F.T.","contributorId":20894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonner","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013327,"text":"70013327 - 1985 - URBAN STORMWATER INVESTIGATIONS BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013327","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"URBAN STORMWATER INVESTIGATIONS BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"Urban stormwater hydrology studies in the U. S. Geological Survey are currently focused on compilation of national data bases containing flood-peak and short time-interval rainfall, discharge and water-quality information for urban watersheds. Current data bases, updated annually, are nationwide in scope. Supplementing the national data files are published reports of interpretative analyses, a map report and research products including improved instrumentation and deterministic modeling capabilities. New directions of Survey investigations include gaging programs for very small catchments and for stormwater detention facilities.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., 1985, URBAN STORMWATER INVESTIGATIONS BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 539-543.","startPage":"539","endPage":"543","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb42e4b08c986b3285d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013561,"text":"70013561 - 1985 - PRESENT STATE OF THE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM IN LONG VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013561","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PRESENT STATE OF THE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM IN LONG VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA.","docAbstract":"Results of test drilling to depths of 2 km and data on the chemical and isotopic content of waters from hot springs and fumaroles permit a conceptual model of the present-day hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera to be delineated. The model consists of two principal zones in which hot water flows laterally from west to east at depths less than 1 km within and around the resurgent dome. Maximum measured temperatures within these zones are near 170 degree C, but estimates from chemical geothermometers and extrapolation of a high temperature gradient measured in a recent drill hole indicate that a source reservoir at temperatures near 240 degree C may exist at greater depths in the Bishop Tuff beneath the west moat.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1985 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy. Geothermal Resources Council 1985 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412596","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M.L., 1985, PRESENT STATE OF THE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM IN LONG VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA., <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 9, no. pt 1, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, p. 485-490.","startPage":"485","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7375e4b0c8380cd77047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, Michael L.","contributorId":20726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013413,"text":"70013413 - 1985 - CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGRESSION MODELING OF GROUND-WATER FLOW.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013413","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGRESSION MODELING OF GROUND-WATER FLOW.","docAbstract":"The author examines the uses of ground-water flow models and which classes of use require treatment of stochastic components. He then compares traditional and stochastic procedures for modeling actual (as distinguished from hypothetical) systems. Finally, he examines the conceptual basis and characteristics of the regression approach to modeling ground-water flow.","conferenceTitle":"Computer Applications in Water Resources, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624676","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1985, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGRESSION MODELING OF GROUND-WATER FLOW., Computer Applications in Water Resources, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference., Buffalo, NY, USA, p. 891-896.","startPage":"891","endPage":"896","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dde4b0c8380cd4b441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013551,"text":"70013551 - 1985 - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HYDROLOGIC INSTRUMENTATION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013551","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HYDROLOGIC INSTRUMENTATION.","docAbstract":"The availability of space-age materials and implementation of state-of-the-art electronics is making possible the recent developments of hydrologic instrumentation. Material developments include: Synthetic-fiber sounding and tag lines; fiberglass wading rod; polymer (plastic) sheaves, pulleys and sampler components; and polymer (plastic) bucket wheels for current meters. These materials are very cost effective and efficient. Electromechanical and electronic developments and applications include: adaptable data acquisition system; downhole sampler for hazardous substances; current-meter digitizer; hydraulic power/drive system for discharge measurements and water-quality sampling; non-contact water-level sensors; minimum data recorder; acoustic velocity meters, and automated current meter discharge-measurement system.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Latkovich, V.J., 1985, RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HYDROLOGIC INSTRUMENTATION., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 1442-1446.","startPage":"1442","endPage":"1446","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9330e4b0c8380cd80c69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latkovich, Vito J.","contributorId":84833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latkovich","given":"Vito","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013384,"text":"70013384 - 1985 - AQUATIC PHOTOLYSIS OF OXY-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ADSORBED ON GOETHITE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:17","indexId":"70013384","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"AQUATIC PHOTOLYSIS OF OXY-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ADSORBED ON GOETHITE.","docAbstract":"Organic materials that will not absorb light at wavelengths longer than 295 nanometers (the solar wavelength cutoff) may nevertheless, undergo electron transfer reactions initiated by light. These reactions occur when the organic materials are adsorbed as ligand complexes to the surface of iron oxy-hydroxide (goethite). The adsorbed materials can be either inner or outer coordination sphere complexes. Goethite was chosen as the iron oxyhydroxide surface because it has the highest thermodynamic stability of any of the oxyhydroxides in water and it can be synthesized easily, with high purity.","largerWorkTitle":"National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry","conferenceTitle":"189th National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Volume 25 Number 1.","conferenceLocation":"Miami, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"02703009","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, M.C., 1985, AQUATIC PHOTOLYSIS OF OXY-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ADSORBED ON GOETHITE., <i>in</i> National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, v. 25, no. 1, Miami, FL, USA, p. 317-320.","startPage":"317","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e633e4b0c8380cd4723d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Marvin C.","contributorId":26066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013359,"text":"70013359 - 1985 - Hydrologic changes associated with the October 28, 1983, Idaho earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013359","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic changes associated with the October 28, 1983, Idaho earthquake","docAbstract":"Significant hydrologic changes were observed after the magnitude 7.3 earthquake that occurred on October 28, 1983, in central Idaho. Groundwater levels rose by as much as 3 meters near the epicenter. Discharge in many streams and springs increased, in some instances by more than 100%. One warm spring ceased flowing for several days; the flow then resumed and peaked at about nine times its original rate. Available data show no significant changes in water quality following the earthquake. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874599","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, R., Harper, R., and Sisco, H., 1985, Hydrologic changes associated with the October 28, 1983, Idaho earthquake: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 2-4, p. 280-293, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874599.","startPage":"280","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874599"},{"id":220249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3577e4b0c8380cd5ff40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, R.W.","contributorId":36104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisco, H.G.","contributorId":54185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisco","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013489,"text":"70013489 - 1985 - EFFECT OF SANTA ROSA LAKE ON GROUND WATER FLOW TO THE PECOS RIVER, NEW MEXICO.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013489","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EFFECT OF SANTA ROSA LAKE ON GROUND WATER FLOW TO THE PECOS RIVER, NEW MEXICO.","docAbstract":"In 1980, Santa Rosa Dam began impounding water on the Pecos River about 7 miles (11 kilometers) north of Santa Rosa, New Mexico, to provide flood control and storage for irrigation. Santa Rosa Lake has caused changes in the ground water flow system, which may cause changes in the streamflow of the Pecos River that cannot be detected at the present streamflow-gaging stations, which are used to administer water rights along the Pecos River. The effect of the lake on streamflow was investigated using a three-dimensional ground water flow model. These simulations indicated that the net change in ground water flow to the river would be almost zero if the lake were maintained at its flood control pool for 90 days.","conferenceTitle":"Development and Management Aspects of Irrigation and Drainage Systems.","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624722","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., 1985, EFFECT OF SANTA ROSA LAKE ON GROUND WATER FLOW TO THE PECOS RIVER, NEW MEXICO., Development and Management Aspects of Irrigation and Drainage Systems., San Antonio, TX, USA, p. 469-476.","startPage":"469","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0456e4b0c8380cd50901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013419,"text":"70013419 - 1985 - NUMERICAL MODELING OF FINE SEDIMENT PHYSICAL PROCESSES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013419","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NUMERICAL MODELING OF FINE SEDIMENT PHYSICAL PROCESSES.","docAbstract":"Fine sediment in channels, rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters undergo several physical processes including flocculation, floc disruption, deposition, bed consolidation, and resuspension. This paper presents a conceptual model and reviews mathematical models of these physical processes. Several general fine sediment models that simulate some of these processes are reviewed. These general models do not directly simulate flocculation and floc disruption, but the conceptual model and existing functions are shown to adequately model these two processes for one set of laboratory data.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1985, NUMERICAL MODELING OF FINE SEDIMENT PHYSICAL PROCESSES., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 242-247.","startPage":"242","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6176e4b0c8380cd7199f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013961,"text":"70013961 - 1985 - Water-rock interactions in fault gouge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70013961","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-rock interactions in fault gouge","docAbstract":"Measurements were made of the amounts of D,18O, and H2O+ in fault gouge collected over a depth of 400 m in the San Andreas fault of California. The amounts and isotopic compositions of the pore fluids, also analyzed, suggest that formation waters from adjacent Franciscan rocks have migrated into the gouge and mixed with local meteoric water. Thus the gouge is an open system permeable to fluid flow. This permeability has important implications concerning heat flow along the fault zone. Analyses of the fault gouge itself give information on the amounts, timing, and conditions of formation of the clay minerals. Stable-isotope analyses of materials from fault zones are good indicators of water-rock interactions that bear importantly on processes taking place in seismically active regions. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874610","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, J.R., 1985, Water-rock interactions in fault gouge: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 2-4, p. 440-446, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874610.","startPage":"440","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874610"},{"id":225992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcef2e4b08c986b32e648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013535,"text":"70013535 - 1985 - ROLE OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN SHORE-NORMAL BEACH PROFILE CHANGES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013535","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ROLE OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN SHORE-NORMAL BEACH PROFILE CHANGES.","docAbstract":"Field measurements of suspended sediment-transport were made across a dissipative surf zone during a storm. A correlation between high suspended mass in the water column and periods of onshore flow caused a net onshore transport of suspended sediment even though the mean near-bottom flow was directed offshore. The observed onshore migration of a nearshore bar was predicted by gradients in the cross-shore suspended-sediment transport.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Nineteenth Coastal Engineering Conference, Proceedings of the International Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624382","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, B.E., Sternberg, R.W., and Sallgenger, A.H., 1985, ROLE OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN SHORE-NORMAL BEACH PROFILE CHANGES., <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 2, Houston, TX, USA, p. 1983-1996.","startPage":"1983","endPage":"1996","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a936ce4b0c8380cd80de4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edge, Billy L.","contributorId":64575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edge","given":"Billy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508495,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sternberg, Richard W.","contributorId":101005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallgenger, Asbury H.","contributorId":6581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallgenger","given":"Asbury","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013459,"text":"70013459 - 1985 - Algorithm to reduce approximation error from the complex-variable boundary-element method applied to soil freezing.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T11:07:07","indexId":"70013459","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2914,"text":"Numerical heat transfer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Algorithm to reduce approximation error from the complex-variable boundary-element method applied to soil freezing.","docAbstract":"An algorithm is presented for the numerical solution of the Laplace equation boundary-value problem, which is assumed to apply to soil freezing or thawing. The Laplace equation is numerically approximated by the complex-variable boundary-element method. The algorithm aids in reducing integrated relative error by providing a true measure of modeling error along the solution domain boundary. This measure of error can be used to select locations for adding, removing, or relocating nodal points on the boundary or to provide bounds for the integrated relative error of unknown nodal variable values along the boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Numerical heat transfer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01495720","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., and Guymon, G.L., 1985, Algorithm to reduce approximation error from the complex-variable boundary-element method applied to soil freezing.: Numerical heat transfer, v. 8, no. 1, p. 115-130.","startPage":"115","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62ae4b0c8380cd471db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guymon, G. L.","contributorId":83941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013329,"text":"70013329 - 1985 - APPLICATION OF THE AERIAL PROFILING OF TERRAIN SYSTEM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70013329","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"APPLICATION OF THE AERIAL PROFILING OF TERRAIN SYSTEM.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey has completed the performance evaluation flight tests of the Aerial Profiling of Terrain System (APTS) and is now performing a series of application tests to determine its effectiveness and efficiency as an earth-science data collection tool. These tests are designed to evaluate the APTS at such tasks as positioning water wells, testing reliability of older maps, measuring elevations of kettle ponds, and profiling stream valleys for flood studies. The results of three application tests in Massachusetts are discussed: positioning water wells and measuring elevations along the Charles River; testing four older 1:24,000-scale quadrangle maps in the Plymouth area; and measuring elevations of several hundred kettle ponds near the Cape Cod Canal.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 45th Annual Meeting - ACSM: Theodolite to Satellite. Papers presented at the 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention (American Society of Photogrammetry).","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","issn":"07483244","usgsCitation":"Cyran, E.J., 1985, APPLICATION OF THE AERIAL PROFILING OF TERRAIN SYSTEM., <i>in</i> Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA.","startPage":"498","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e631e4b0c8380cd47229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cyran, Edward J.","contributorId":75156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyran","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013479,"text":"70013479 - 1985 - TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013479","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983).","docAbstract":"Chance No. 1 was drilled to a depth of 245. 4 m and cased to a depth of 72. 2 m in 1961. Temperature logs were obtained in 1976, 1982, and 1983, with the casing open to the atmosphere. Water was boiling at the surface of the fluid column on each occasion. Temperatures within the upper part of the cased interval remained virtually identical over the 7-year period. The small differences observed can be ascribed to convective motions in the large-diameter casing and the large geothermal gradient. Above a depth of 160 m in the open hole, temperatures have cooled 5 degree -7 degree C over the 7-year period of observation. The shape of the temperature profiles and their variation with time can be explained by an influx of cool water at about 160 m. The cooling rate is much larger between 1982 and 1983 than that between 1982 and 1976, which suggests that earthquake shaking may be a major contributing factor.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1985 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy. Geothermal Resources Council 1985 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412596","usgsCitation":"Diment, W., Urban, T.C., and Nathenson, M., 1985, TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH TIME IN A PERENNIALLY BOILING WELL IN THE LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; OBSERVATIONS IN CHANCE NO. 1 (1976-1983)., <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 9, no. pt 1, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, p. 417-422.","startPage":"417","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba37ce4b08c986b31fd0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diment, W.H.","contributorId":54992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diment","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urban, T. C.","contributorId":49788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013461,"text":"70013461 - 1985 - VOLATILIZATION OF ALKYLBENZENES FROM WATER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013461","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"VOLATILIZATION OF ALKYLBENZENES FROM WATER.","docAbstract":"Volatilization is a physical process of importance in determining the fate of many organic compounds in streams and rivers. This process is frequently described by the conceptual-two-film model. The model assumes uniformly mixed water and air phases separated by thin films of water and air in which mass transfer is by molecular diffusion. Mass-transfer coefficients for the water and air films are related to an overall mass-transfer coefficient for volatilization through the Henry's law constant.","largerWorkTitle":"National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry","conferenceTitle":"189th National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Volume 25 Number 1.","conferenceLocation":"Miami, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"02703009","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1985, VOLATILIZATION OF ALKYLBENZENES FROM WATER., <i>in</i> National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, v. 25, no. 1, Miami, FL, USA, p. 251-253.","startPage":"251","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0efe4b08c986b32a3c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013047,"text":"70013047 - 1985 - Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013047","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity","docAbstract":"Most of the old cratered highlands of Mars are dissected by branching river valleys that appear to have been cut by running water1,2 yet liquid water is unstable everywhere on the martian surface. In the equatorial region, where most of the valleys are observed, even ice is unstable3,4. It has been suggested, therefore, that Mars had an early denser atmosphere with sufficient greenhouse warming to allow the existence of liquid water 5. Here, we suggest instead that during periods of very high obliquities, ice could accumulate at low latitudes as a result of sustained sublimation of ice from the poles and transport of the water vapour equatorwards. At low latitudes, the water vapour would saturate the atmosphere and condense onto the surface where it would accumulate until lower obliquities prevailed. The mechanism is efficient only at the very high obliquities that occurred before formation of Tharsis very early in the planet's history, but limited equatorial ice accumulation could also have occurred at the highest obliquities during the rest of the planet's history. Partial melting of the ice could have provided runoff to form the channels or replenish the groundwater system. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/315559a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Jakosky, B., and Carr, M.H., 1985, Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity: Nature, v. 315, no. 6020, p. 559-561, https://doi.org/10.1038/315559a0.","startPage":"559","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315559a0"},{"id":220122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"6020","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e35e4b0c8380cd7a3d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012717,"text":"70012717 - 1985 - Paleoclimate controls on late paleozoic sedimentation and peat formation in the central appalachian basin (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:22:31.937542","indexId":"70012717","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoclimate controls on late paleozoic sedimentation and peat formation in the central appalachian basin (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>In the central Appalachian basin, at least two major climate changes affected sedimentation during the late Paleozoic. Stratigraphically, these two changes are indicated by the distribution of coal beds, the variation in coal quality, and the variation in rock lithologies. In latest Mississippian or earliest Pennsylvanian time, the climate changed from dry-seasonal tropical to ever-wet (equable) tropical. The equable climate prevailed into the Middle Pennsylvanian, influencing the morphology and geochemistry in peat-forming environments. Many of the peat deposits, which formed under the equable climate, were probably domed (raised bogs); low concentrations of dissolved solids in peat formation water resulted in low buffering capacity. Organic acids caused acidic (pH &lt; 4), antiseptic conditions that resulted in intense leaching of mineral matter, minimal degradation of organic matter, and low-ash and low-sulfur peat deposits; the resulting coal beds are also low in ash and sulfur. Associated rocks are noncalcareous and consist of sequences of interbedded shale, siltstone, and sandstone including quartz arenite.</p><p>Another climate change occurred in late Middle Pennsylvanian time when evapopation periodically exceeded rainfall resulting in an increase of both dissolved solids and pH (4 to ∼ 7) in surface and near-surface water. Throughout the remainder of the Pennsylvanian, the surfaces of peat deposits were probably planar (not domed); water in peat-forming and other depositional environments became more nearly neutral. The coal beds derived from these peats are highly variable in both ash and sulfur contents. Drier or more seasonal climates are also indicated by sequences of (1) calcareous sandstone and shale, (2) nonmarine limestone that shows shallow-water and subaerial exposure features, and (3) calcareous paleosols that have caliche characteristics.</p><p>Our data and observations indicate that physical depositional environment models for the origin of coal do not adequately explain variations in mineral matter content and composition in commercial quality coal beds in the central Appalachian basin. Stratigraphic variation in mineral matter in coal beds, and in syngenetic and early diagenetic minerals in rocks associated with the coal beds, appears to be better explained by changes in geochemical conditions of nonmarine sedimentation. Paleoclimate was a principle control on these geochemical conditions.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(85)90014-X","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Cecil, C.B., Stanton, R., Neuzil, S., Dulong, F., Ruppert, L., and Pierce, B., 1985, Paleoclimate controls on late paleozoic sedimentation and peat formation in the central appalachian basin (U.S.A.): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 195-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(85)90014-X.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73c4e4b0c8380cd77222","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuzil, S.G.","contributorId":73339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pierce, B.S.","contributorId":13639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70012712,"text":"70012712 - 1985 - Recent movement on the Garlock Fault as suggested by water level fluctuations in a well in Fremont Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T15:42:10.956786","indexId":"70012712","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent movement on the Garlock Fault as suggested by water level fluctuations in a well in Fremont Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water levels have been continuously recorded since March 1978 in a well in Fremont Valley, where several strands of the adjacent Garlock fault zone have exhibited both left-lateral displacement and components of normal displacement. Differences in water levels indicate that a fault segment lies between the observation well and a nearby irrigation well. During the 4-year recording period, six sharp fluctuations, or “spikes,” were noted. These fluctuations, occurring over 2- to 4-day periods, have amplitudes of 15–30 cm. They appear to be the result of creep events on a nearby fault. Two types of creep events are plausible: (1) normal slip on an en echelon trace of the Garlock fault less than 300 m south of the well, with the north side up relative to Fremont Valley or (2) left-lateral slip on the same fault. Because of the nature of the fluctuations we favor the latter interpretation. Dislocation models utilizing exponential, arc tangent, and skewed cosine functions were used to analyze the water level fluctuations, associated pressure distribution, and fault displacements. The results suggest that creep on the fault ranges from several millimeters to a centimeter for individual events. Estimates of cumulative creep for the period 1978–1982 range from 20 to 50 mm, depending on the particular model employed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB02p01911","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lippincott, D.K., Bredehoeft, J.D., and Moyle, W.R., 1985, Recent movement on the Garlock Fault as suggested by water level fluctuations in a well in Fremont Valley, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B2, p. 1911-1924, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB02p01911.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1911","endPage":"1924","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9333e4b0c8380cd80c81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lippincott, Diane K.","contributorId":46218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lippincott","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moyle, W. R. Jr.","contributorId":85938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012710,"text":"70012710 - 1985 - Ice-lubricated gravity spreading of the Olympus Mons aureole deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-28T17:04:04.35969","indexId":"70012710","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice-lubricated gravity spreading of the Olympus Mons aureole deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gravity sliding and spreading at low strain rates can account for the general morphology and structure of the aureoles and basal scarp of Olympus Mons. Detachment sliding could have occurred around the volcano if either pore-fluid pressures were exceptionally high (greater than 90%) or the rocks had very low resistance to shear (about 1 × 10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;Pa or 1 bar). Because of the vast areal extent and probable shallow depth of the detachment zone, development of ubiquitous, high pore-fluid pressures beneath aureole-forming material was unlikely. However, a zone of sufficiently weak material consisting of about 10% interstitial or interbedded ice could have been present. If so, a simple rheologic model for the aureole deposits can be applied that consists of a thin ductile layer overlain by a thicker brittle layer. According to this model, extensional deformation would have occurred near the shield and compressional deformation in its distal parts. Proximal grabens and distal corrugations on aureole surfaces support this model. A submarine slide at Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, is a valid qualitative analogy for the observed features and inferred emplacement style of the aureole deposits. Ground-ice processes have been considered the cause of many geologic features on Mars; a 3% average concentration of ground ice in the regolith is predicted by theoretical models for the ice budget and cryosphere. Ice may have been deposited in higher concentrations below the aureole-forming material; the source of the ice could have been juvenile water circulated hydrothermally by Olympus Mons volcanism. The basal scarp of Olympus Mons apparently demarcates the transition between the upper, stable part of the shield and its lower part that decoupled and formed the aureole deposits. This transition may reflect a change in the bulk shear strength of the shield, caused either by a radial dependence in the abundance of ice or fluid in the shield materials or by the concentration of intrusive dikes within the volcano. Other Martian volcanoes exhibit virtually no evidence of similar large-scale gravity spreading and basal scarps. Perhaps such evidence, if it existed, has been buried by lava flows, or perhaps the smaller size of other volcanoes did not permit the development of these features.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(85)90117-4","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., 1985, Ice-lubricated gravity spreading of the Olympus Mons aureole deposits: Icarus, v. 62, no. 2, p. 191-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(85)90117-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37fae4b0c8380cd61324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012704,"text":"70012704 - 1985 - Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T15:50:25","indexId":"70012704","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>San Francisco Bay, the largest bay on the California coast, is a broad, shallow, turbid estuary comprising two geographically and hydrologically distinct subestuaries: the northern reach lying between the connection to the Pacific Ocean at the Golden Gate and the confluence of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system, and the southern reach (herein called South Bay) between the Golden Gate and the southern terminus of the bay. The northern reach is a partially mixed estuary dominated by seasonally varying river inflow, and the South Bay is a tidally oscillating lagoon-type estuary. Freshwater inflows, highest during winter, generate strong estuarine circulation and largely determine water residence times. They also bring large volumes of dissolved and particulate materials to the estuary. Tidal currents, generated by mixed semidiurnal and diurnal tides, mix the water column and, together with river inflow and basin geometry, determine circulation patterns. Winds, which are strongest during summer and during winter storms, exert stress on the bay's water surface, thereby creating large waves that resuspend sediment from the shallow bay bottom and, together with the tidal currents, contribute markedly to the transport of water masses throughout the shallow estuary. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00048684","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Conomos, T.J., Smith, R.E., and Gartner, J.W., 1985, Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048684.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048684"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09e4e4b0c8380cd520da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012697,"text":"70012697 - 1985 - Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T14:41:07.539853","indexId":"70012697","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies were conducted in conjunction with the Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) to examine the chemistry and leaching patterns of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack region. During the summer growing season, mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the ILWAS watersheds ranged from 21–32 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in O/A horizon leachates, from 5–7 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in B horizon leachates, from 2–4 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in groundwater solutions, from 6–8 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in first order streams, from 3–8 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in lake inlets, and from 2–7 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in lake outlets. During the winter, mean DOC concentrations dropped significantly in the upper soil profile. Soil solutions from mixed and coniferous stands contained as much as twice the DOC concentration of lysimeter samples from hardwood stands. Results of DOC fractionation analysis showed that hydrophobia and hydrophilic acids dominate the organic solute composition of natural waters in these watersheds. Charge balance and titration results indicated that the general acid-base characteristics of the dissolved humic mixture in these natural waters can be accounted for by a model organic acid having an average</span><i><sub>p</sub>K<sub>a</sub></i><span>&nbsp;of 3.85, an average charge density of 4–5 μeq mg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;C at ambient pH, and a total of 6–7 meq COOH per gram carbon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90140-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Cronan, C.S., and Aiken, G., 1985, Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 8, p. 1697-1705, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90140-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1697","endPage":"1705","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.82008813062816,\n              43.28492587434786\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.29169696323655,\n              43.110304037413016\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.65762756236663,\n              43.325940733900524\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.37581893975802,\n              43.72947615580239\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42513544871431,\n              44.39771116447804\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.82671273593193,\n              44.74401316527033\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6439577414979,\n              44.69395223588353\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3625697291497,\n              43.795621999963544\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3625697291497,\n              43.5357074866464\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82008813062816,\n              43.28492587434786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a7e4b0c8380cd4c349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronan, C. S.","contributorId":33455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012675,"text":"70012675 - 1985 - Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah I: Hydrochemistry since 1850","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:16:52","indexId":"70012675","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah I: Hydrochemistry since 1850","docAbstract":"The hydrochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah, has been defined for the historic period, 1850 through 1982, from published data combined with new observations. The water balance depends largely on river inflow, atmospheric precipitation onto the lake surface and evaporation. Input of the major solutes can best be accounted for by mixing dilute calcium-bicarbonate type river waters with NaCl-dominated hydrothermal springs. Prior to 1930, lake concentrations fluctuated inversely with lake volume in response to small climatic variations. Since then, salt precipitation and dissolution have significantly modified lake brine compositions and have led to density stratification and the formation of brine pockets of differing composition. Brine mixing has become an important component of brine evolution. We have used calculated evaporation curves with mineral precipitation and dissolution to clarify these processes. Pore fluids represent important storage for solutes. Solute profiles can be modeled by simple one-dimensional diffusion calculations. Short-term historic variations in lake composition affect shallow pore fluids in the upper 2 metres of sediment. ?? 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90167-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R.J., Eugster, H., Jones, B., and Rettig, S., 1985, Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah I: Hydrochemistry since 1850: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 3, p. 727-737, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90167-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.22509765625,\n              40.6306300839918\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8792724609375,\n              40.6306300839918\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8792724609375,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.22509765625,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.22509765625,\n              40.6306300839918\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16e3e4b0c8380cd552d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, R. J.","contributorId":56664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eugster, H.P.","contributorId":99992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eugster","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rettig, S.L.","contributorId":42592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettig","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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