{"pageNumber":"2026","pageRowStart":"50625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70013132,"text":"70013132 - 1985 - Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:49:53","indexId":"70013132","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos","docAbstract":"<p>Results from multi-year investigations in the San Francisco Bay estuary show that large abundance fluctuations within benthic macroinvertebrate populations reflect both (1) within-year periodicity of reproduction, recruitment, and mortality that is not necessarily coincident with seasonal changes of the environment (e.g., the annual temperature cycle), and (2) aperiodic density changes (often larger than within-year fluctuations) following random perturbations of the environment. Density peaks of the small, short-lived estuarine invertebrates that comprise the vast majority of individuals in the bay's relatively homogeneous benthic community normally occur between spring and autumn depending on the species, in large part a reflection of reproductive periodicity. However, because mild winters permit reproductive activity in some of the common species throughout much of the year, other factors are important to within-year density fluctuations in the community. Seasonally predictable changes in freshwater inflow, wind and tidal mixing, microalgal biomass, and sediment erosion/deposition patterns all contribute to observed seasonal changes in abundance. For example, the commonly observed decline in abundance during winter reflects both short-lived species that die after reproducing and the stress of winter conditions (e.g., inundation by less saline, sediment-laden water and the decline in both planktonic and benthic algal biomass - a direct source of food for the shallow-water benthos). On the other hand, data from several studies suggest that observed 'recruitment' and 'mortality' may in fact be the migration of juveniles and adults to and from study sites. For example, the common amphipod Ampelisca abdita apparently moves from shallow to deep water, or from up-estuary to down-estuary locations, coincident with periods of high river runoff in winter. Growth of individuals within the few studied species populations is also highly seasonal, and appears to be coincident with seasonal increases in the abundance of planktonic and/or benthic microalgae. Two multi-year studies have shown that, in addition to within-year periodicity, major restructuring of the benthic community can occur as a result of anomalous (usually climate-related) perturbations of the benthic habitat. For example, during wet years freshwater-intolerant species disappear from the upper part of the estuary and from shallow areas of the bay. During a two-year drought these same species colonized the extreme upper end of the estuary in large numbers. Other aperiodic perturbations include localized instances of sediment erosion or deposition and algal mat accumulations that greatly depress abundance. Additionally, there is evidence (observations that the clam Macoma balthica establishes large populations only when the amphipod A. abdita is not abundant) that species interactions can contribute greatly to interannual variations. Thus, while community composition may change little over the long term, year-to-year predictability of species abundances is low. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00048691","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., and Thompson, J., 1985, Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048691.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048691"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3ace4b08c986b325f30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013128,"text":"70013128 - 1985 - Migration of wood-preserving chemicals in contaminated groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:51:51","indexId":"70013128","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of wood-preserving chemicals in contaminated groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, Florida","docAbstract":"Operation of a wood-preserving facility for nearly 80 years at Pensacola, FL, contaminated the near-surface groundwater with creosote and pentachlorophenol. The major source of aquifer contamination was unlined surface impoundments that were in direct hydraulic contact with the groundwater. Episodes of overtopping the impoundments and overland flow of treatment liquor and waste were also significant to the migration and contamination of the groundwater. Solutes contaminating the ground-water are mainly naphthalene and substituted phenols. Sorption did not influence retardation of solutes in transport in the groundwater. Phenol and the mono substituted methylphenols appear to be undergoing bio-transformation. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was not found in significant concentrations in the groundwater possibly because the solubility of PCP is approximately 5 mg/L at pH 6, near the average acidity for the groundwater.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00140a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Goerlitz, D., Troutman, D., Godsy, E., and Franks, B., 1985, Migration of wood-preserving chemicals in contaminated groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, Florida: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 19, no. 10, p. 955-961, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00140a012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"961","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida ","city":"Pensacola ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.253662109375,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.253662109375,\n              30.713503990354965\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              30.713503990354965\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5713e4b0c8380cd6da32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goerlitz, D.F.","contributorId":8445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goerlitz","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, D.E.","contributorId":66301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franks, B.J.","contributorId":107739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013126,"text":"70013126 - 1985 - Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T17:12:45.512594","indexId":"70013126","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p>The largest gas fields in the Rocky Mountain region occur in abnormally pressured reservoirs. These gas accumulations are different from more conventional gas accumulations in that they are commonly located in basin-center positions, they occur downdip from water-bearing rocks, and they are in overpressured or underpressured low-permeability reservoirs. We suggest that overpressured and underpressured gas accumulations of this type have a common origin.</p><p>In basins containing overpressured gas accumulations, rates of thermogenic gas accumulation exceed gas loss, causing fluid (gas) pressure to rise above the regional hydrostatic pressure. Within the overpressured gas generation zone, free water in the larger pores is forced out of the gas generation zone into overlying and updip, normally pressured, water-bearing rocks. The remaining tightly bound water, at irreducible saturation levels, cannot remove dissolution products, precluding significant permeability and porosity enhancement. Thus, while other diagenetic processes continue, a pore network with very low permeability develops. As a result, gas accumulates in these low-permeability reservoirs at rates higher than it is lost.</p><p>In basins containing underpressured gas accumulations, rates of gas generation and accumulation are less than gas loss. These basins have typically experienced significant uplift and erosion and/or temporal variations of paleotemperature. Despite these modifications, the basin-center gas accumulation persists, but because of changes in the basin dynamics, the overpressured accumulation evolves into an underpressured system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD462BD7-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Law, B.E., and Dickinson, W.W., 1985, Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 8, p. 1295-1304, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD462BD7-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1295","endPage":"1304","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dee4b0c8380cd4b444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, B. E.","contributorId":17586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickinson, W. W.","contributorId":97123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013124,"text":"70013124 - 1985 - Land subsidence caused by ground water withdrawal in urban areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013124","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1746,"text":"GeoJournal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land subsidence caused by ground water withdrawal in urban areas","docAbstract":"At least eight urban areas in the world have encountered significant economic impact from land subsidence caused by pumping of ground water from unconsolidated sediment. The areas, most of which are coastal, include Bangkok, Houston, Mexico City, Osaka, San Jose, Shanghai, Tokyo, and Venice. Flooding related to decreased ground elevation is the principal adverse effect of the subsidence. Lesser effects include regional tilting, well-casing failures, \"rising\" buildings, and ground failure or rupture. Subsidence of most of these urban areas began before the phenomenon was discovered and understood. Thus, the subsidence problems were unanticipated. Methods to arrest subsidence typically have included control of ground water pumping and development of surface water to offset the reductions of ground water pumping. Ground water recharge has also been practiced. Areas threatened by flooding have been protected by extensive networks of dikes and sea walls, locks, and pumping stations to remove storm runoff. ?? 1985 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GeoJournal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00186338","issn":"03432521","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., and Johnson, A., 1985, Land subsidence caused by ground water withdrawal in urban areas: GeoJournal, v. 11, no. 3, p. 245-255, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00186338.","startPage":"245","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186338"},{"id":220179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a41b0e4b0c8380cd65709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013123,"text":"70013123 - 1985 - Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 2. Case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:38:48","indexId":"70013123","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 2. Case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>A case study is presented which illustrates some of the error analysis, sensitivity analysis, and parameter estimation procedures reviewed in the first part of this paper. It is shown that those procedures, most of which come from statistical nonlinear regression theory, are invaluable in interpreting errors in precipitation-runoff modeling and in identifying appropriate calibration strategies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i008p01214","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., 1985, Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 2. Case study: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 8, p. 1214-1222, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i008p01214.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1214","endPage":"1222","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4ae4b0c8380cd522b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013117,"text":"70013117 - 1985 - ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013117","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.","docAbstract":"ANNIE is a data storage and retrieval system that was developed to reduce the time and effort required to calibrate, verify, and apply watershed models that continuously simulate water quantity and quality. Watershed models have three categories of input: parameters to describe segments of a drainage area, linkage of the segments, and time-series data. Additional goals for ANNIE include the development of software that is easily implemented on minicomputers and some microcomputers and software that has no special requirements for interactive display terminals. Another goal is for the user interaction to be based on the experience of the user so that ANNIE is helpful to the inexperienced user and yet efficient and brief for the experienced user. Finally, the code should be designed so that additional hydrologic models can easily be added to ANNIE.","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers).","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, USA","usgsCitation":"Lumb, A.M., and Kittle, J.L., 1985, ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS., International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers)., Los Angeles, CA, USA, p. 91-93.","startPage":"91","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62ee4b0c8380cd47210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumb, Alan M.","contributorId":47792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumb","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kittle, John L.","contributorId":90468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013116,"text":"70013116 - 1985 - Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:03:12","indexId":"70013116","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.","docAbstract":"<p><span>The water level response to a slug or bailer test in a well completed in a confined aquifer has been evaluated taking into account well-bore storage and inertial effects of the water column in the well. The response range, from overdamped with negligible inertial effects to damped oscillation, was covered employing numerical inversions of the Laplace-transform solution. By scaling the time with respect to the undamped natural period of the well-aquifer system and by using the damping parameter for a second-order damped, inertial-elastic system, a set of type curves was constructed that enables water level response data from a slug or bailer test to be analyzed under conditions where the inertial parameter is large. Values of transmissivity and effective static water column length can be determined when an estimate of storage coefficient is available. The numerical solution and resulting type curves cover the transition range between the limiting cases of negligible inertial effects and of damped oscillation that have been treated by others. Two examples of slug test analysis show that precise results depend on accurate measurements of water level displacement (±1% of initial value).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i009p01397","usgsCitation":"Kipp, K.L., 1985, Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 9, p. 1397-1408, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i009p01397.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1408","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9ace4b08c986b327d29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. Jr.","contributorId":189754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013100,"text":"70013100 - 1985 - GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70013100","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.","docAbstract":"The number or types of origins of the components of a coal bed cannot be determined from its bulk composition. Minerals such as quartz, calcite, and pyrite as well as macerals such as vitrinite can originate from a variety of processes that result from different depositional conditions. The Upper Freeport coal bed was studied and characterized by sampling and analyzing its mappable subunits (facies) over a 120-sq mi area in west-central Pennsylvania. The study was based on field description of mine faces and description of X-ray radiographs of core. A geochemical model proposed for the origin of facies of the Upper Freeport coal bed is consistent with interpretations of modern peat formation resulting from the interaction of climate, plant types, rainfall, ground water geochemistry, nutrient supply, and sedimentation. This model provides a means to evaluate and predict more precisely the variability of a coal resource's quality.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - Second Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Univ of Pittsburgh","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","usgsCitation":"Stanton, R., Cecil, C.B., Pierce, B., Ruppert, L., and Dulong, F., 1985, GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA., Proceedings - Second Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.","startPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1450e4b0c8380cd549c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, B.S.","contributorId":13639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013098,"text":"70013098 - 1985 - Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:32:02.199057","indexId":"70013098","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The West Shasta massive sulfide district is in the easternmost of a series of accreted island-arc and oceanic crust terranes that comprise the Klamath Mountains. A sequence of submarine volcanic rocks of predominantly Early Devonian age is the principal component of the island-arc terrane in which the sulfide deposits are hosted. The Copley Greenstone, consisting mainly of andesitic and basaltic pillow lavas and breccias totaling at least 1,800 m in thickness, is the oldest rock unit in the sequence. It is overlain and also intruded by dikes of the Balaklala Rhyolite. Northeast of the West Shasta district, greenstone also overlies the Balaklala Rhyolite, suggesting that a major greenstone unit may overlie potentially mineralized rhyolite east of the district. However, recent studies have shown that the complex relations in that area can be explained by folding.The Balaklala sequence consists of silicic flows, breccias, and tuffs having a maximum thickness somewhat in excess of 1,000 m. The Balaklala has been divided by Kinkel et al. (1956) into three units: a lower nonporphyritic to slightly porphyritic unit containing large amounts of breccia and tuff; a middle unit characterized by rhyolite containing quartz phenocrysts 1 to 4 mm in diameter but also containing a complex assortment of tuff, breccia, and pyritic massive sulfide bodies in its upper part; and an upper unit typically containing dark quartz phenocrysts in excess of 4 mm in diameter. Much of the lower part of the upper unit is pyroclastic material, whereas most of the upper part of the unit appears to be a massive volcanic-flow rock. At least half a dozen eruptive centers for the Balaklala Rhyolite are identified, three of them within an area measuring 17 X 3 km that constitutes the limits of the former mining district.The youngest unit in the arc sequence is the Kennett Formation consisting of black shale and chert containing radiolarians, which indicate fairly deep-water deposition in its lower part, and limestone containing a shallow water fauna of probable Middle Devonian age in the upper part. A 400-m.y.-old trondhjemite stock, named the Mule Mountain stock, intrudes the Copley Greenstone and Balaklala Rhyolite and is considered to be essentially coeval with these volcanic units.The pyritic massive sulfide deposits occur in clusters of individual bodies owing in large part to disruption by postmineral faults. The deposits are stratigraphically confined to the upper part of the subhorizontal middle unit of the Balaklala, and their horizontal distribution is here interpreted to have been controlled by an extensional tectonic regime that prevailed during Early Devonian time. The major geologic evidence for such a regime is the marked preferred elongations exhibited by the distribution of the afore-mentioned eruptive centers, the eight or nine massive sulfide clusters in the district, and the geometrically similar distribution of the clusters in relation to each other. The preferred directions of elongation in both the detailed and broader senses may be generalized to N 20 degrees to 25 degrees E, N 37 degrees E, N 60 degrees to 80 degrees E, and N 40 degrees to 60 degrees W. The three northeast trends dominate throughout the district, whereas the northwest trend is evident mainly in the northern part and is more speculative. The major deposit clusters fall at intersections of the major trends, some of which may have been grabens. Trend intersections having no known deposits may be good exploration targets in localities where the stratigraphically favorable middle unit of the Balaklala is still present.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2072","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Albers, J.P., and Bain, J., 1985, Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2072-2091, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2072.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2072","endPage":"2091","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a577e4b0e8fec6cdbe12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, J. P.","contributorId":81505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bain, J.H.C.","contributorId":84073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"J.H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009927,"text":"70009927 - 1985 - Preliminary evaluation of the landsat-4 thematic mapper data for mineral exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T20:48:57","indexId":"70009927","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the landsat-4 thematic mapper data for mineral exploration","docAbstract":"Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) data recorded over an arid terrain were analyzed to determine the applicability of using of TM data for identifying and mapping hydrothermally altered, potentially mineralized rocks. Clays, micas, and other minerals bearing the OH anion in specific crystal lattice positions have absorption bands in the 2.2-??m region (TM channel 7, TM7) and commonly lack features in the 1.6-??m region (TM5). Channel ratios TM5/TM7, TM5/TM4, and TM3/TM1 were combined into a color-ratio-composite (CRC) image and used to distinguish hydrothermally altered rocks, unaltered rocks, and vegetation. These distinctions are made possible by using the TM5 and TM7, channels which are not available in the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS). Digital masking was used to eliminate ambiguities due to water and shadows. However, some ambiguities in identification resulted between altered volcanic rocks and unaltered sedimentary deposits that contained clays, carbonates, and gypsum, and between altered volcanic rocks and volcanic tuffs diagenetically altered to zeolites. However, compared to MSS data, TM data should greatly improve the ability to map hydrothermally altered rocks in arid terrains. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(85)90252-2","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Podwysocki, M.H., Power, M., and Jones, O.D., 1985, Preliminary evaluation of the landsat-4 thematic mapper data for mineral exploration: Advances in Space Research, v. 5, no. 5, p. 13-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90252-2.","startPage":"13","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267875,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90252-2"}],"volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a840de4b0c8380cd7c2a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podwysocki, M. H.","contributorId":70391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, M.S.","contributorId":102896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, O. D.","contributorId":42700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013097,"text":"70013097 - 1985 - Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:33:54","indexId":"70013097","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors","docAbstract":"Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley Farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers (AEROCHEM METRICS MODEL 301) were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods. This design was used to determine if: (1) collection efficiences of precipitation are affected by small distances between the Universal (Belfort) precipitation gage and collector; (2) measurable evaporation loss occurs and (3) pH and specific conductance of precipitation vary significantly within small distances. Average collection efficiencies were 97% for weekly sampling periods compared with the rain gage. Collection efficiencies were examined by seasons and precipitation volume. Neither factor significantly affected collection efficiency. No evaporation loss was found by comparing daily sampling to weekly sampling at the collection site, which was classified as a subtropical climate. Correlation coefficients for pH and specific conductance of daily samples and weekly samples ranged from 0.83 to 0.99.Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods. This design was used to determine if: (1) collection efficiencies of precipitation are affected by small distances between the University (Belfort) precipitation gage and collector; (2) measurable evaporation loss occurs and (3) pH and specific conductance of precipitation vary significantly within small distances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00285443","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Schroder, L., Linthurst, R., Ellson, J., and Vozzo, S., 1985, Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 24, no. 2, p. 177-187, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00285443.","startPage":"177","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267663,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285443"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f858e4b0c8380cd4d039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linthurst, R.A.","contributorId":27604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linthurst","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellson, J.E.","contributorId":97628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vozzo, S.F.","contributorId":104623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vozzo","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013093,"text":"70013093 - 1985 - Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:02:29","indexId":"70013093","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interannual modes of streamflow variation at 106 locations across the United States during the period 1931–1978 are defined by using principal components. Five statistically significant components are found to account for more than 56% of the total streamflow variance. The first principal component represents a nationwide tendency for either above- or below-mean streamflow. The second component represents a north-south opposition in departures from mean flow, and the third, an east-west opposition. Higher-order components (fourth and fifth) geographically depict regional patterns of opposition in the sign of streamflow departures between coastal-continental areas and between the northern and southern plains, respectively. Analyses using spatially and temporally modified data sets indicate that the first three components (which explain 45% of the variance) are quite stable spatially, while only the first component is stable temporally. Time series analysis of principal component scores indicates that all but the fourth component are first-order autoregressive processes, as is mean annual nationwide streamflow. The fourth component is an autoregressive (AR)(2) process. In general, the principal components of streamflow are found to exhibit more persistence over annual time scales than the mean annual flow data themselves.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00691","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 1985, Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00691.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce6e4b0c8380cd63139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013090,"text":"70013090 - 1985 - Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T20:53:21","indexId":"70013090","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm","docAbstract":"Solubility relations in the ternary system NaCl-FeCl2-H2O have been determined by the visual polythermal method at 1 atm from 20 to 85??C along six composition lines. These she composition lines are defined by mixing FeCl2??4H2O with six aqueous NaCl solutions containing 5, 10, 11, 15, 20, and 25 wt % of NaCl, respectively. The solid phases encountered in these experiments were NaCl and FeCl2??4H2O. The maximum uncertainties in these measurements are ??0.02 wt % NaCl and ??0.15??C. The data along each composition line were regressed to a smooth curve when only one solid phase was stable. When two solids were stable along a composition line, the data were regressed to two smooth curves, the intersection of which indicated the point where the two solids coexisted. The maximum deviation of the measured solubilities from the smoothed curves is 0.14 wt % FeCl2. Isothermal solubilities of halite and FeCl2??4H2O were calculated from these smoothed curves at 25, 50, and 70 ??C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/je00040a027","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Phan, L., 1985, Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 30, no. 2, p. 216-218, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00040a027.","startPage":"216","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269096,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00040a027"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9248e4b08c986b319df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phan, L.D.","contributorId":107429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phan","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013081,"text":"70013081 - 1985 - Upper Wisconsinan submarine end moraines off Cape Ann, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:50:43","indexId":"70013081","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Wisconsinan submarine end moraines off Cape Ann, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Seismic profiles across the southwest end of Jeffreys Ledge, a bathymetric high north of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, reveal two end moraines. The moraines overlie upper Wisconsinan glacialmarine silty clay and are composed mostly of subaqueous ice-contact deposits and outwash. They were formed below sea level in water depths of as much as 120 m during fluctuations of a calving ice front. The moraines are late Wisconsinan in age and were formed after the Cambridge readvance, about 14,000 yr B.P., and before the Kennebunk readvance, about 13,000 yr B.P. They represent fluctuations of the ice front during overall retreat of Laurentide ice from the Gulf of Maine and New England. ?? 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(85)90005-5","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., 1985, Upper Wisconsinan submarine end moraines off Cape Ann, Massachusetts: Quaternary Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 187-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90005-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Ann","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.78628540039062,\n              42.6450712987999\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.61599731445312,\n              42.6450712987999\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.61599731445312,\n              42.70665956351041\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.78628540039062,\n              42.70665956351041\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.78628540039062,\n              42.6450712987999\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd4ee4b08c986b328f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, R. N.","contributorId":92680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013076,"text":"70013076 - 1985 - Origin of caves and other solution openings in the unsaturated (vadose) zone of carbonate rocks: A model for CO2 generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:28:50","indexId":"70013076","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of caves and other solution openings in the unsaturated (vadose) zone of carbonate rocks: A model for CO2 generation","docAbstract":"<p>The enigma that caves and other solution openings form in carbonate rocks at great depths below land surface rather than forming from the surface downward can be explained by the generation of CO2 within the aquifer system. In the proposed model, CO2 is generated by the oxidation of particulate and/or dissolved organic carbon that is transported from the land surface deep into the unsaturated zone by recharging ground water. The organic material is oxidized to CO2 by aerobic bacteria utilizing oxygen that diffuses in from the atmosphere. Because gas transport in the unsaturated zone is controlled largely by diffusion, steady-state generation of even minute amounts of CO2 deep in the unsaturated zone results in the creation of large concentrations of CO2 at depth as it establishes a concentration gradient to the surface or other sink.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSW","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<822:OOCAOS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., 1985, Origin of caves and other solution openings in the unsaturated (vadose) zone of carbonate rocks: A model for CO2 generation: Geology, v. 13, no. 11, p. 822-824, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<822:OOCAOS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"822","endPage":"824","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70c7e4b0c8380cd76240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013072,"text":"70013072 - 1985 - Geophysical techniques for reconnaissance investigations of soils and surficial deposits in mountainous terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:43:40","indexId":"70013072","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical techniques for reconnaissance investigations of soils and surficial deposits in mountainous terrain","docAbstract":"<p>Two techniques were assessed for their capabilities in reconnaissance studies of soil characteristics: depth to the water table and depth to bedrock beneath surficial deposits in mountainous terrain. Ground-penetrating radar had the best near-surface resolution in the upper 2 m of the profile and provided continuous interpretable imagery of soil profiles and bedrock surfaces. Where thick colluvium blankets side slopes, the GPR could not consistently define the bedrock interface. In areas with clayey or shaley sediments, the GPR is also more limited in defining depth and is less reliable. Seismic refraction proved useful in determining the elevation of the water table and depth to bedrock, regardless of thickness of overlying material, but could not distinguish soil-profile characteristics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060032x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Olson, C., and Doolittle, J., 1985, Geophysical techniques for reconnaissance investigations of soils and surficial deposits in mountainous terrain: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1490-1498, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060032x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1490","endPage":"1498","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2878e4b0c8380cd5a147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, C.G.","contributorId":13743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doolittle, J.A.","contributorId":188185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doolittle","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013071,"text":"70013071 - 1985 - Simulation of steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks using the boundary-element method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:35:26","indexId":"70013071","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks using the boundary-element method","docAbstract":"<p>An efficient method for simulating steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks is formulated with the use of the boundary-element method. The host rock is considered to be impervious, and the fractures can be of any orientation and areal extent. The fractures are treated as surfaces where fluid movement is essentially two-dimensional. Fracture intersections are regarded as one-dimensional fluid conduits. Hence, the three-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracture geometry is retained in solutions of coupled sets of one- and two-dimentional equations. Use of the boundary-element method to evaluate the fluid responses in the fractures precludes the need to internally discretize the areal extent of the fractures.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(85)90049-1","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A., and Andersson, J., 1985, Simulation of steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks using the boundary-element method: Advances in Water Resources, v. 8, no. 3, p. 106-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(85)90049-1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9088e4b08c986b31956e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersson, J.","contributorId":59558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013069,"text":"70013069 - 1985 - Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:09:19","indexId":"70013069","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Changes in salinity in groundwater and surface water in the Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado are primarily related to irrigation practices. A solute transport model was applied to an 11-mile reach of the valley to compute salinity changes in response to spatially and temporally varying stresses. The model was calibrated in 1973 using detailed field measurements made during 1971 and 1972. In 1973 the calibrated model was used to predict that a gradual long-term increase in groundwater salinity of about 2–3% per year would occur if the observed irrigation practices continued. The study area was resampled during the winter of 1982 to help evaluate if any long-term changes in salinity are actually occurring. Nonparametric and parametric statistical tests were used to help assess the significance of observed changes in groundwater salinity. These tests indicate that a statistically significant increase in salinity occurred between the winters of 1971 and 1972 (the model calibration period). However, a comparison of the winter 1972 and winter 1982 data indicates that no significant net change in salinity has occurred during this 10-year period. An analysis of the few available historical data (1895, 1923, 1959–1961, and 1964) supports the hypothesis that groundwater salinity in this irrigated area has reached a long-term dynamic equilibrium in response to irrigation practices. The model predictions of long-term salinity increases were invalid probably because the calibration period occurred during a short-term annual trend of increasing salinity in the river (and hence in leaky irrigation canals and in applied irrigation water), which was not representative of the long-term trend.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01611","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Person, M., 1985, Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1611-1624, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01611.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1611","endPage":"1624","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River valley","volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e637e4b0c8380cd47268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, Mark","contributorId":55568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013068,"text":"70013068 - 1985 - Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:01:26","indexId":"70013068","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geochemical samples of waters along two hydrologic flow paths in four Upper Cretaceous aquifers of northeastern Mississippi and western Alabama indicate similar geochemical evolution of their respective waters. The waters of the Coker, Gordo, and Eutaw-McShan aquifers, noncalcareous sands, increase downgradient in dissolved solids and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>H, and are dominated by sodium and bicarbonate ions, which generally result from a calcite dissolution-cation exchange process. Increases in dissolved iron from oxidation reduction reactions followed by decreases in total inorganic carbon from siderite precipitation occur along the flow paths. As the total inorganic carbon increases, carbon 13 (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C) generally is enriched in the moving waters, indicating the addition of a predominantly heavy source of carbon, most likely dissolving calcite. In the Coker aquifer δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values in the waters become more negative downgradient, resulting from lignite oxidation, followed by δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values becoming more positive, resulting from dissolving calcite and perhaps some mixing with brines. In northeastern Mississippi the Ripley aquifer, a calcareous sand, initially contains calcium-bicarbonate dominated water that evolves to a sodium- bicarbonate dominated water downgradient, primarily from the calcite dissolution-cation exchange process. Feldspar hydrolysis to kaolinite dominates aluminosilicate reactions in the upgradient parts of the aquifers. Authigenesis of smectite clay may be occurring in the deeper, downgradient parts of the aquifers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i010p01545","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., 1985, Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 10, p. 1545-1556, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i010p01545.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1556","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Coastal Plain","volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16fbe4b0c8380cd55334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013064,"text":"70013064 - 1985 - Lacustrine-humate model for primary uranium ore deposits, Grants uranium region, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T17:04:16.864261","indexId":"70013064","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lacustrine-humate model for primary uranium ore deposits, Grants uranium region, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Two generations of uranium ore, primary and redistributed, occur in fluvial sandstones of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the San Juan basin; the two stages of ore formation can be related to the hydrologic history of the basin. Primary ore formed soon after Morrison deposition, in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, and a model, the lacustrine-humate model, is offered that views primary mineralization as a diagenetic event related to early pore fluid evolution. The basic premise is that the humate, a pore-filling organic material closely associated with primary ore, originated as humic acids dissolved in pore waters of greenish-gray lacustrine mudstones deposited in the mud-flat facies of the Brushy Basin Member and similar \"K\" shale beds in the Westwater Can on Member. During compaction associated with early burial, formation water expelled from lacustrine mudstone units carried these humic acids into adjacent sandstone beds where the organics precipitated, forming the humate deposits that concentrated uranium.</p><p>During the Tertiary, much later in the hydrologic history of the basin, when Jurassic sediments were largely compacted, oxygenated ground water flowed basinward from uplifted basin margins. This invasion of Morrison sandstone beds by oxidizing ground waters redistributed uranium from primary ores along redox boundaries, forming ore deposits that resemble roll-front-type uranium ores.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)","doi":"10.1306/94885589-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Turner-Peterson, C., 1985, Lacustrine-humate model for primary uranium ore deposits, Grants uranium region, New Mexico: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 11, p. 1990-2020, https://doi.org/10.1306/94885589-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1990","endPage":"2020","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Grants uranium region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.64038174995106,\n              36.04693775500846\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.64038174995106,\n              34.70563438153877\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.912022747075,\n              34.70563438153877\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.912022747075,\n              36.04693775500846\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.64038174995106,\n              36.04693775500846\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4130e4b0c8380cd6537f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner-Peterson, C. E.","contributorId":53958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner-Peterson","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013061,"text":"70013061 - 1985 - Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T18:28:43.380103","indexId":"70013061","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district","docAbstract":"<p><span>The West Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California, contains many volcanogenic sulfide deposits within Middle Devonian rhyolites that have not been highly metamorphosed. The district was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey for intensive geological, geochemical, and geophysical study under the Development of Assessment Techniques (DAT) project because accessible exposures have been created by erosion and mining. This report describes the geophysical methods applied to characterize the electrical properties of selected West Shasta massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, at both small (less than 25 ft) and large (greater than 25 ft) scales. The electrical techniques used galvanic (spectral induced polarization--SIP) and induction (very low frequency--VLF, slingram, and time domain electro-magnetics--TDEM) methods.In situ spectral induced polarization measurements were carried out to determine whether or not conductive anomalies in the district could be differentiated by their polarization signatures. The sulfide, in situ, induced polarization-phase spectral signatures (the induced polarization effect as a function of frequency) have much less character and lack the distinctive shape reported for other massive sulfide deposits; however, they do have some identifiable massive sulfide traits, such as low resistivity and variable polarizability. The nondescript sulfide spectral signature is attributed to the poor development of polarization processes due to a high percentage of resistive, nonpolarizable gangue minerals, lack of pore space, and limited electrolytic fluids. Large-scale spectral induced polarization measurements over the Hornet orebody have a greater polarization than the in situ measurements. This observation, in addition to the fact that much of the Hornet sulfide body has been removed by previous mining activity, suggests that the dominant polarization processes occur at the ground-water-sulfide interface.Combined use of induction techniques, which have different depths of penetration, were used to locate conductive anomalies and determine their shape and depth. All the induction surveys over the Hornet orebody detected the conductive tabular-shaped massive pyritic sulfide deposit hosted in resistive rhyolite. Shallow penetrating induction methods near the Keystone mine detected a conductive fault zone where a block of shale has been downfaulted into volcanic rock. Integrated interpretation of deeper penetrating induction data over this conductive fault zone indicates that parts of the shale are also conductive, demonstrating that the integrated use of several induction methods provides better conductor definition than a single method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2213","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Horton, R.J., Smith, B.D., and Washburne, J., 1985, Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2213-2229, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2213.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2213","endPage":"2229","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0890e4b0c8380cd51b8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, R. J.","contributorId":19926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Washburne, J.C.","contributorId":105431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburne","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013054,"text":"70013054 - 1985 - Culturing Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyta) in a synthetic algal nutrient medium with defined mineral particulates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:03:40","indexId":"70013054","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Culturing Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyta) in a synthetic algal nutrient medium with defined mineral particulates","docAbstract":"<p>Algal nutrient studies in chemically-defined media typically employ a synthetic chelator to prevent iron hydroxide precipitation. Micronutrient-particulate interactions may, however, significantly affect chemical speciation and hence biovailability of these nutrients in natural waters. A technique is described by which Selenastrum capricornutum Printz (Chlorophyta) may be cultured in a medium where trace metal speciation (except iron) is controlled, not by organic chelation, but by sorption onto titanium dioxide. Application of this culturing protocol in conjunction with results from sorption studies of nutrient ions on mineral particles provides a means of studying biological impacts of sorptive processes in aquatic environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00011393","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Davis, J., and Chang, C.C., 1985, Culturing Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyta) in a synthetic algal nutrient medium with defined mineral particulates: Hydrobiologia, v. 124, no. 1, p. 23-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011393.","productDescription":"249 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"249","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd08e4b0c8380cd4e5cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013048,"text":"70013048 - 1985 - The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T16:38:35","indexId":"70013048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","docAbstract":"<p><span>An 800-km&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>area of rough topography around the head of Hudson Canyon off the eastern United States is attributed to erosion by tilefish ( Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps ) and associated species of crustaceans. The rough topography has a relief of 1-10 m, occurs in water depths of 120-500 m, and has been cut into a semilithified, silty clay substrate since the onset of the Holocene transgression. Commercial fishing activity indicates that a large population of tilefish, which dig burrows in the sea floor, occupy the area of the rough topography. Average tilefish burrows are 1.6 m in diameter and 1.7 m in depth. They have a clustered, not uniform, distribution, and their average density is 2,500 per km<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>. The close match of areas of rough topography and high tilefish populations, the active burrowing of the sea floor, and the clustered distribution of the burrows suggest that the hummocky topography in this area may be the result of continuous erosion by tilefish and associated crustaceans during the Holocene. An erosion rate of 13 cm per 1,000 years is necessary to create this topography during the past 13,000 years--and 18 cm per 1,000 years if(as is more likely based on the depths at which tilefish presently are found) the erosion started 9,000 years ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Grimes, C.B., Jones, R.S., and Able, K., 1985, The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 712-719, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.6,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.6,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.6,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6be4b08c986b32479a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, R. S.","contributorId":26288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Able, K.W.","contributorId":66786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Able","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012719,"text":"70012719 - 1985 - The complex variable boundary element method: Applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T17:49:00.332391","indexId":"70012719","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2022,"text":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The complex variable boundary element method: Applications","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to approximate several potential problems where analytical solutions are known: A modelling result produced from the CVBEM is a measure of relative error in matching the known boundary condition values of the problem. A CVBEM error-reduction algorithm is used to reduce the relative error of the approximation by adding nodal points in boundary regions where error is large. From the-test problems, overall error is reduced significantly by utilizing the adaptive integration algorithm.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nme.1620210604","issn":"00295981","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., Yen, C., and Guymon, G.L., 1985, The complex variable boundary element method: Applications: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1013-1025, https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210604.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1025","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dbe4b0c8380cd4b432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yen, C.C.","contributorId":60773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guymon, G. L.","contributorId":83941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013046,"text":"70013046 - 1985 - Limnocythere bradburyi n.sp.: a modern ostracode from central Mexico and a possible Quaternary paleoclimatic indicator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-21T11:20:27.045129","indexId":"70013046","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnocythere bradburyi n.sp.: a modern ostracode from central Mexico and a possible Quaternary paleoclimatic indicator","docAbstract":"<p>Limnocythere bradburyi is a new species of nonmarine ostracode that is living in several lakes in the central Mexican Plateau. These lakes are shallow, turbid, and pan-shaped, having relatively unstable and fluid substrates. Water levels of these lakes are high in the summer and low or dry in the winter. These lakes usually contain fresh to slightly saline water during the rainy season (summer-fall) and slightly saline water during the dry season (winter-spring), and have solute composition that is dominated by Na+, HCO3--CO32-, Cl- ions. The regional climate is characterized as humid temperate with mild equitable temperatures throughout the year. Winter temperatures are usually above 0oC, whereas summer temperatures are commonly below 30oC. The water temperature of the lakes containing L. bradburyi generally reflects atmospheric temperatures. The ostracode's life cycle coincides with the climatic wet cycle and is therefore completed during the warmest period of the year, which is in marked contrast to ostracodes living in lakes in the US and Canada that usually begin their life cycle with the spring rain and snow melt in cold water and complete their life cycle in warm water. This contrasting climatic life-cycle pattern between central Mexico and the US may be sufficient to explain why L. bradburyi occurs commonly in many Quaternary deposits in the southwestern US, but has not been found living in the US.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., 1985, Limnocythere bradburyi n.sp.: a modern ostracode from central Mexico and a possible Quaternary paleoclimatic indicator: Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 8-20.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1304823"},{"id":220121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4797e4b0c8380cd678e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}