{"pageNumber":"2029","pageRowStart":"50700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":97356,"text":"sir20085069 - 2009 - Estimation of selenium loads entering the south arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, from May 2006 through March 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T11:55:21","indexId":"sir20085069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5069","title":"Estimation of selenium loads entering the south arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, from May 2006 through March 2008","docAbstract":"Discharge and water-quality data collected from six streamflow-gaging stations were used in combination with the LOADEST software to provide an estimate of total (dissolved + particulate) selenium (Se) load to the south arm of Great Salt Lake (GSL) from May 2006 through March 2008. Total estimated Se load to GSL during this time period was 2,370 kilograms (kg). The 12-month estimated Se load to GSL for May 1, 2006, to April 30, 2007, was 1,560 kg. During the 23-month monitoring period, inflows from the Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation (KUCC) Drain and Bear River outflow contributed equally to the largest proportion of total Se load to GSL, accounting for 49 percent of the total Se load. Five instantaneous discharge measurements at three sites along the railroad causeway indicate a consistent net loss of Se mass from the south arm to the north arm of GSL (mean = 2.4 kg/day, n = 5). Application of the average daily loss rate equates to annual Se loss rate to the north arm of 880 kg (56 percent of the annual Se input to the south arm). The majority of Se in water entering GSL is in the dissolved (less than 0.45 micron) state and ranges in concentration from 0.06 to 35.7 micrograms per liter (ug/L). Particulate Se concentration ranged from less than 0.05 to 2.5 ug/L. Except for the KUCC Drain streamflow-gaging station, dissolved (less than 0.45 um) inflow samples contain an average of 21 percent selenite (SeO32-) during two sampling events (May 2006 and 2007).\r\n\r\nSelenium concentration in water samples collected from four monitoring sites within GSL during May 2006 through August 2007 were used to understand how the cumulative Se load was being processed by various biogeochemical processes within the lake. On the basis of the Mann-Kendall test results, changes in dissolved Se concentration at the four monitoring sites indicate a statistically significant (90-percent confidence interval) upward trend in Se concentration over the 16-month monitoring period. Furthermore, the upward trend at three of the four GSL sites also was significant at the 95-percent confidence interval. Given the large amount of Se removal from GSL of greater than 1,900 kg/year by gaseous flux and permanent sedimentation, the observed increase in both dissolved (less than 0.45 micron) and total (dissolved + particulate) Se in the open-water monitoring sites indicates additional, unquantified source(s) of Se are contributing substantial masses of Se load to the south arm of GSL. Potential source(s) of this unmeasured Se load could include (1) Se loads entering GSL from unmeasured surface inflows; (2) ground-water discharge to GSL; (3) wind-blown dust that is deposited directly on the lake surface; (4) wet and dry atmospheric deposition falling directly on the lake surface; and (5) lake sediment pore-water diffusion into the overlying water column. Electrical resistivity surveys in the south part of GSL indicate areas of potential ground-water discharge to the open water of GSL and elevated (exceeding 10,000 ug/L) Se concentrations have been previously measured in ground water within 1.6 kilometers of the south shore of GSL.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Environmental Quality/Division of Water Quality, Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Wildlife Resources, and the University of Utah","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Johnson, W.P., Freeman, M.L., Beisner, K., Diaz, X., and Cross, V.A., 2009, Estimation of selenium loads entering the south arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, from May 2006 through March 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5069, Report: vi, 41 p.; Appendix A (ZIP file), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085069.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 41 p.; Appendix A (ZIP file)","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113,40.5 ], [ -113,41.5 ], [ -111.75,41.5 ], [ -111.75,40.5 ], [ -113,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, William P.","contributorId":107288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Michael L. mfreeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Michael","email":"mfreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly","contributorId":85284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diaz, Ximena","contributorId":71286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Ximena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cross, VeeAnn A.","contributorId":103311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"VeeAnn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97353,"text":"cir1196Z - 2009 - Nickel recycling in the United States in 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-29T09:46:32","indexId":"cir1196Z","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"Z","title":"Nickel recycling in the United States in 2004","docAbstract":"As one of a series of reports that describe the recycling of metal commodities in the United States, this report discusses the flow of nickel from production through distribution and use, with particular emphasis on the recycling of industrial scrap (new scrap) and used products (old scrap) in 2004. This materials flow study includes a description of nickel supply and demand for the United States to illustrate the extent of nickel recycling and to identify recycling trends. Understanding how materials flow from a source through disposition can aid in improving the management of natural resource delivery systems. In 2004, the old scrap recycling efficiency for nickel was estimated to be 56.2 percent. In 2004, nickel scrap consumption in the United States was as follows: new scrap containing 13,000 metric tons (t) of nickel (produced during the manufacture of products), 12 percent; and old scrap containing 95,000 t of nickel (articles discarded after serving a useful purpose), 88 percent. The recycling rate for nickel in 2004 was 40.9 percent, and the percentage of nickel in products attributed to nickel recovered from nickel-containing scrap was 51.6 percent. Furthermore, U.S. nickel scrap theoretically generated in 2004 had the following distribution: scrap to landfills, 24 percent; recovered and used scrap, 50 percent; and unaccounted for scrap, 26 percent. Of the 50 percent of old scrap generated in the United States that was recovered and then used in 2004, about one-third was exported and two-thirds was consumed in the domestic production of nickel-containing products.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1196Z","collaboration":"Chapter Z in Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States; Sibley, Scott F., ed.","usgsCitation":"Goonan, T.G., 2009, Nickel recycling in the United States in 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196Z.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1196_Z.gif"},{"id":12412,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1196-Z/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6974d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goonan, Thomas G. goonan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goonan","given":"Thomas","email":"goonan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97350,"text":"pp1759 - 2009 - Post-Miocene Right Separation on the San Gabriel and Vasquez Creek Faults, with Supporting Chronostratigraphy, Western San Gabriel Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"pp1759","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1759","title":"Post-Miocene Right Separation on the San Gabriel and Vasquez Creek Faults, with Supporting Chronostratigraphy, Western San Gabriel Mountains, California","docAbstract":"The right lateral San Gabriel Fault Zone in southern California extends from the northwestern corner of the Ridge Basin southeastward to the eastern end of the San Gabriel Mountains. It bifurcates to the southeast in the northwestern San Gabriel Mountains. The northern and older branch curves eastward in the range interior. The southern younger branch, the Vasquez Creek Fault, curves southeastward to merge with the Sierra Madre Fault Zone, which separates the San Gabriel Mountains from the northern Los Angeles Basin margin. An isolated exposure of partly macrofossiliferous nearshore shallow-marine sandstone, designated the Gold Canyon beds, is part of the southwest wall of the fault zone 5.5 km northwest of the bifurcation. These beds contain multiple subordinate breccia-conglomerate lenses and are overlain unconformably by folded Pliocene-Pleistocene Saugus Formation fanglomerate. The San Gabriel Fault Zone cuts both units. \r\n\r\nMarine macrofossils from the Gold Canyon beds give an age of 5.2+-0.3 Ma by 87Sr/86Sr analyses. Magnetic polarity stratigraphy dates deposition of the overlying Saugus Formation to between 2.6 Ma and 0.78 Ma. Distinctive metaplutonic rocks of the Mount Lowe intrusive suite in the San Gabriel Range are the source of certain clasts in both the Gold Canyon beds and Saugus Formation. Angular clasts of nondurable Paleocene sandstone also occur in the Gold Canyon beds. The large size and angularity of some of the largest of both clast types in breccia-conglomerate lenses of the beds suggest landslides or debris flows from steep terrain. Sources of Mount Lowe clasts, originally to the north or northeast, are now displaced southeastward by faulting and are located between the San Gabriel and Vasquez Creek faults, indicating as much as 12+-2 km of post-Miocene Vasquez Creek Fault right separation, in accord with some prior estimates. Post-Miocene right slip thus transferred onto the Vasquez Creek Fault southeast of the bifurcation. The right separation on the Vasquez Creek Fault adds to the generally accepted 22-23 km of middle-late Miocene right separation established for the San Gabriel Fault east of the bifurcation, resulting in total right separation of 34-35 km northwest of the bifurcation. \r\n\r\nClast sizes and lithologies in Saugus Formation deformed alluvial fan deposits in the Gold and Little Tujunga Canyons area indicate that alluvial stream flow was from the north or north-northeast. The alluvial fan complex is beheaded at the San Gabriel Fault Zone, and no correlative deposits have been found north of the fault zone. Likely sources of several distinctive clast types are east of the bifurcation and north of the Vasquez Creek Fault. Combining these data with right slip caused by the 34 deg +-6 deg of clockwise local block rotation suggests that post-Saugus Formation (<2.6 to 0.78 Ma) right separation along the fault zone is 4+-2 km. \r\n\r\nThe fossils, lithology, and age of the Gold Canyon beds correlate with the basal Pico Formation. The beds presumably connected southward or southwestward to a more open marine setting. A search for correlative strata to the south and southwest found that some strata previously mapped as Towsley Formation correlate with the Modelo Formation. Oyster spat in some Modelo Formation beds are the first recorded fossil occurrences and are especially remarkable because of associations with Miocene bathyal benthic foraminifers, planktonic calcareous nannofossils, and diatoms. Topanga Group basalt resting on basement rocks between Little and Big Tujunga Canyons gives an age of 16.14+-0.05 Ma from 40Ar/39Ar analysis. Improved understanding of the upper Miocene stratigraphy indicates large early movement on the eastern Santa Susana Fault at about 7-6 Ma.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1759","isbn":"9781411323308","usgsCitation":"Beyer, L.A., McCulloh, T.H., Denison, R.E., Morin, R.W., Enrico, R.J., Barron, J.A., and Fleck, R.J., 2009, Post-Miocene Right Separation on the San Gabriel and Vasquez Creek Faults, with Supporting Chronostratigraphy, Western San Gabriel Mountains, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1759, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1759.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1759.jpg"},{"id":12409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1759/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119,34 ], [ -119,35 ], [ -117.5,35 ], [ -117.5,34 ], [ -119,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683afc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, Larry A. lbeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"Larry","email":"lbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCulloh, Thane H.","contributorId":100450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloh","given":"Thane","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denison, Rodger E.","contributorId":42994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denison","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morin, Ronald W.","contributorId":106182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Enrico, Roy J.","contributorId":53913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enrico","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70259264,"text":"tm11A3 - 2009 - Federal standards and procedures for the National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-19T14:18:04.709732","indexId":"tm11A3","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-11T11:09:46","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-A3","displayTitle":"Federal Standards and Procedures for the National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)","title":"Federal standards and procedures for the National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)","docAbstract":"<p>The Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) is a seamless, national hydrologic unit dataset developed using the guidelines and specifications outlined in this document. A hydrologic unit defines the areal extent of surface-water drainage to an outlet point on a dendritic stream network or to outlet points where the stream network is not dendritic. A hydrologic unit may represent all or only part of the total drainage area to the outlet point so that multiple hydrologic units may be required to define the entire drainage area for a given outlet. Hydrologic unit boundaries in the WBD are determined on the basis of topographic, hydrologic, and other relevant landscape characteristics without regard for administrative, political, or jurisdictional boundaries. The WBD seamlessly represents hydrologic units at six required and two optional hierarchical levels mapped at a minimum of 1:24,000-scale in the United States, except for in Hawaii, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands, which are at 1:25,000-scale, and in Alaska, where the data range from the minimum required 1:24,000-scale to 1:63,360-scale. Hydrologic units in the WBD provide a standardized base for water-resources organizations to locate, store, retrieve, and exchange hydrologic data; to index and inventory hydrologic data and information; to catalog water-data acquisition activities; and to use in a variety of other applications.</p><p>The specifications and procedures established in this document are intended to provide guidelines and best practices to local, regional, and national partners for delineating and updating the hydrologic units of the WBD. Maintaining the WBD using consistent practices improves watershed management through efficient sharing of information and resources and by ensuring that digital geographic data can be used with other related geographic information system data. Edits and additions to the hydrologic units are reviewed against this specification prior to inclusion to the national WBD.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11A3","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.A., Niknami, L.S., Buto, S.G., and Decker, D., 2022, Federal standards and procedures for the national Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) (5 ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-A3, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11A3.","productDescription":"x, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/a3/images/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":462487,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/a3/"},{"id":462488,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/a3/pdf/tm11-a3_5ed.pdf","text":"Fifth Edition","size":"9.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":483473,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/a3/versionHist.txt","size":"5.60 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"edition":"1st edition: March 2009; 2nd edition: August 2011; 3rd edition: May 2012; 4th edition: August 2014; 5th edition: October 2022","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ut@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ut@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,&nbsp;<a title=\"Utah Water Science Center\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/utah-water-science-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/utah-water-science-center\">Utah Water Science Center</a><br><a title=\"U.S. Geological Survey\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>2329 West Orton Circle<br>West Valley City, Utah 84119<br>(801) 908–5000</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Acknowledgments</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Abstract</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Introduction</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Purpose</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">History and Governance</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Program Management and Stewardship</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Geospatial Data Structure</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Metadata</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Data Access</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Specifications for Hydrologic Unit Boundary Delineations for the Watershed Boundary Dataset</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Data Editing and Quality Assurance</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">References Cited</li><li class=\"gmail-indent0\">Appendixes</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2009-03-11","revisedDate":"2022-10-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Kimberly A. kjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kimberly","email":"kjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":931129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niknami, Lily S.","contributorId":297445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niknami","given":"Lily S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Decker, Drew ddecker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Drew","email":"ddecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97344,"text":"fs20093002 - 2009 - Integrated Science: Florida Manatees and Everglades Hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"fs20093002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3002","title":"Integrated Science: Florida Manatees and Everglades Hydrology","docAbstract":"Predicting and monitoring restoration effects on Florida manatees, which are known to make extended movements, will be incomplete if modeling and monitoring are limited to the smaller areas defined by the various res-toration components. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) efforts, thus far, have focused on (1) collecting manatee movement data throughout the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) region, and (2) developing an individual-based model for manatees to illustrate manatee responses to changes in hydrology related to the Picayune Strand Restoration Project (PSRP).\r\n\r\nIn 2006, new regional research was begun to extend an Everglades hydrology model into the TTI region; extend the manatee movement model into the southern estuaries of Everglades National Park (ENP); and integrate hydrology and manatee data, models, and monitoring across the TTI region and ENP. Currently (2008), three research tasks are underway to develop the necessary modeling components to assess restoration efforts across the Greater Everglades Ecosystem.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093002","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C.A., Swain, E.D., Stith, B., Reid, J.P., Slone, D., Decker, J., Butler, S., Doyle, T., and Snow, R., 2009, Integrated Science: Florida Manatees and Everglades Hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3002, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093002.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3002.jpg"},{"id":12402,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b2e4b07f02db5c94d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stith, Bradley bstith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"Bradley","email":"bstith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slone, Daniel H. 0000-0002-9903-9727 dslone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":1749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dslone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy","contributorId":99662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butler, Susan M. 0000-0003-3676-9332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-9332","contributorId":46650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Susan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Doyle, Terry","contributorId":28666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Snow, R.W.","contributorId":38672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snow","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":97346,"text":"sir20085095 - 2009 - Derivation of Nationally Consistent Indices Representing Urban Intensity Within and Across Nine Metropolitan Areas of the Conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:04:26","indexId":"sir20085095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5095","title":"Derivation of Nationally Consistent Indices Representing Urban Intensity Within and Across Nine Metropolitan Areas of the Conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Two nationally consistent multimetric indices of urban intensity were developed to support studies of the effects of urbanization on streams in nine metropolitan areas of the conterminous United States: Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Denver, Colorado; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; Portland, Oregon; Raleigh, North Carolina; and Salt Lake City, Utah. These studies were conducted as a part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These urban intensity indices were used to define gradients of urbanization and to interpret biological, physical, and chemical changes along these gradients. Ninety census, land-cover, and infrastructure variables obtained from nationally available databases were evaluated. Only variables that exhibited a strong and consistent linear relation with 2000 population density were considered for use in the indices. Housing-unit density (HUDEN), percentage of basin area in developed land (P_NLCD1_2), and road density (ROADDEN) were selected as the best representatives of census, land-cover, and infrastructure variables. The metropolitan area national urban intensity index (MA-NUII) was scaled to represent urban intensity within each metropolitan area and ranged from 0 (little or no urban) to 100 (maximum urban) for sites within each metropolitan area. The national urban intensity index (NUII) was scaled to represent urban intensity across all nine metropolitan areas and ranged from 0 to 100 for all sites. The rates at which HUDEN, P_NLCD1_2, and ROADDEN changed with changes in population density varied among metropolitan areas. Therefore, these variables were adjusted to obtain a more uniform rate of response across metropolitan areas in the derivation of the NUII. The NUII indicated that maximum levels of urban intensity occurred in the West and Midwest rather than in the East primarily because small inner-city streams in eastern metropolitan areas are buried and converted to storm drains or sewers and because of higher density development in the Western and Central United States. The national indices (MA-NUII, NUII) were compared to indices that were derived independently for each metropolitan area (MA-UII) based on variables that were of local interest. The MA-UIIs, which were based on 5 to 40 variables, tended to overestimate urban intensity relative to the national indices particularly when the MA-UII was composed of large numbers of variables that were not linearly related to population density as in Denver, Dallas-Fort Worth, and Milwaukee-Green Bay.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085095","usgsCitation":"Cuffney, T.F., and Falcone, J., 2009, Derivation of Nationally Consistent Indices Representing Urban Intensity Within and Across Nine Metropolitan Areas of the Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5095, viii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085095.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falcone, James A.","contributorId":24044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97345,"text":"sim3062 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Needles 7.5' quadrangle, California and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:48:17.010864","indexId":"sim3062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3062","title":"Geologic Map of the Needles 7.5' quadrangle, California and Arizona","docAbstract":"The Needles 7.5' quadrangle straddles the Colorado River in the southern part of the Mohave Valley, in Mohave County, Arizona, and San Bernardino County, California. The quadrangle contains part of the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, sections of the Fort Mojave Indian Reservation, most of the city of Needles, and several major interstate highways and railroads. The quadrangle is underlain by structurally undeformed sediments of Pliocene and younger age that were deposited by the Colorado River, as well as alluvial fan deposits on the piedmonts that flank the Black Mountains (in Arizona) and the Sacramento Mountains (in California). \r\n\r\nMultiple cycles of aggradation of the Colorado River, each followed by episodes of downcutting, are recorded by Pliocene through historic deposits on the piedmonts that border the floodplain. Regionally, the complex stratigraphy related to the Colorado River has been the subject of geologic interest for over 150 years. The California and Arizona piedmont portions of the Needles quadrangle expose a subset of this incompletely understood stratigraphic record. Thus, the stratigraphic sequence presented on this map is a version of the stratigraphy of the Colorado River as interpreted locally. \r\n\r\nThe deposits in the recently active Colorado River valley floor support riparian habitat and irrigated agriculture. The distributions of sand-rich channel deposits and mud-rich floodplain deposits in the valley are mapped on the basis of the history of the movement of the Colorado River in the quadrangle, which has been documented in sequential aerial photographs since 1937 and maps dating to 1857.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3062","usgsCitation":"Malmon, D.V., Howard, K.A., and Priest, S.S., 2009, Geologic Map of the Needles 7.5' quadrangle, California and Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3062, Report: ii, 31 p.; Map: 37 x 29.5 inches; Image; ReadMe; Metadata; Geodatabase; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3062.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 31 p.; Map: 37 x 29.5 inches; Image; ReadMe; Metadata; Geodatabase; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195027,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110808,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86429.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86429"},{"id":12403,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Needles 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.625,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.625,\n              34.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5,\n              34.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.625,\n              34.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a848e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malmon, Daniel V.","contributorId":89998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priest, Susan S. spriest@usgs.gov","contributorId":30204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Susan","email":"spriest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97342,"text":"sir20085234 - 2009 - Development of a Flood-Warning System and Flood-Inundation Mapping for the Blanchard River in Findlay, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"sir20085234","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5234","title":"Development of a Flood-Warning System and Flood-Inundation Mapping for the Blanchard River in Findlay, Ohio","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps of the Blanchard River in Findlay, Ohio, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Findlay, Ohio. The maps, which correspond to water levels at the USGS streamgage at Findlay (04189000), were provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into a Web-based flood-warning system that can be used in conjunction with NWS flood-forecast data to show areas of predicted flood inundation associated with forecasted flood-peak stages.\r\n\r\nThe USGS reestablished one streamgage and added another on the Blanchard River upstream of Findlay. Additionally, the USGS established one streamgage each on Eagle and Lye Creeks, tributaries to the Blanchard River. The stream-gage sites were equipped with rain gages and multiple forms of telemetry. Data from these gages can be used by emergency management personnel to determine a course of action when flooding is imminent.\r\n\r\nFlood profiles computed by means of a step-backwater model were prepared and calibrated to a recent flood with a return period exceeding 100 years. The hydraulic model was then used to determine water-surface-elevation profiles for 11 flood stages with corresponding streamflows ranging from approximately 2 to 100 years in recurrence interval. The simulated flood profiles were used in combination with digital elevation data to delineate the flood-inundation areas. Maps of Findlay showing flood-inundation areas overlain on digital orthophotographs are presented for the selected floods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Findlay, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, M.T., and Ostheimer, C.J., 2009, Development of a Flood-Warning System and Flood-Inundation Mapping for the Blanchard River in Findlay, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5234, Report: iv, 9 p.; 11 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085234.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; 11 Plates","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, Matthew T. mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"Matthew","email":"mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostheimer, Chad J. ostheime@usgs.gov","contributorId":2160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostheimer","given":"Chad","email":"ostheime@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97341,"text":"ds396 - 2009 - Ground-water quality data in the San Francisco Bay study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T19:35:29.565625","indexId":"ds396","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"396","title":"Ground-water quality data in the San Francisco Bay study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water quality in the approximately 620-square-mile San Francisco Bay study unit (SFBAY) was investigated from April through June 2007 as part of the Priority Basin project of the Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).</p><p>The study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples in SFBAY were collected from 79 wells in San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Alameda, and Contra Costa Counties. Forty-three of the wells sampled were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells). Thirty-six wells were sampled to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells).</p><p><span>The ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds, and potential wastewater-indicator compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, trace elements, chloride and bromide isotopes, and uranium and strontium isotopes), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, carbon-14 isotopes, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, boron, and carbon), and dissolved noble gases (noble gases were analyzed in collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water.</span></p><p><br></p><p>Quality-control samples (blank samples, replicate samples, matrix spike samples) were collected for approximately one-third of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Assessment of the quality-control information from the field blanks resulted in applying “V” codes to approximately 0.1 percent of the data collected for ground-water samples (meaning a constituent was detected in blanks as well as the corresponding environmental data). See the Appendix section “Quality-Control-Sample Results.”</p><p>This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is delivered to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH.</p><p>VOCs were detected in about one-half of the grid wells, while pesticides were detected in about one-fifth of the grid wells. Concentrations of all VOCs and pesticides detected in samples from all SFBAY wells were below health-based thresholds. No pharmaceutical compounds were detected in any SFBAY well. One potential wastewater-indicator compound, caffeine, was detected in one grid well in SFBAY. Concentrations of most trace elements and nutrients detected in samples from all SFBAY wells were below health-based thresholds. Exceptions include nitrate, detected above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) in 3samples; arsenic, above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) in 3 samples; cadmium, above the MCL-US in 1 sample; boron, above the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) in 2 samples; and strontium, above the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) in 2 samples. The radioactive constituent radon-222 was detected above the proposed MCL-US in two grid wells, but no wells had detections above the proposed alternative MCL-US. Most of the samples from all SFBAY wells had concentrations of major ions, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. Six or fewer samples contained chloride, sulfate, or iron at concentrations above the SMCL-CA thresholds. No microbial indicators were detected in SFBAY grid wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds396","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Ray, M.C., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2009, Ground-water quality data in the San Francisco Bay study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 396, x, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds396.","productDescription":"x, 93 p.","temporalStart":"2007-04-01","temporalEnd":"2007-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403431,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86426.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12396,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/396/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, Mary C.","contributorId":65945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97343,"text":"sir20085242 - 2009 - Evaluation of the effects of precipitation on ground-water levels from wells in selected alluvial aquifers in Utah and Arizona, 1936-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:07:57","indexId":"sir20085242","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5242","title":"Evaluation of the effects of precipitation on ground-water levels from wells in selected alluvial aquifers in Utah and Arizona, 1936-2005","docAbstract":"Increased withdrawals from alluvial aquifers of the southwestern United States during the last half-century have intensified the effects of drought on ground-water levels in valleys where withdrawal for irrigation is greatest. Furthermore, during wet periods, reduced withdrawals coupled with increased natural recharge cause rising ground-water levels. In order to manage water resources more effectively, analysis of ground-water levels under the influence of natural and anthropogenic stresses is useful.\r\n\r\nThis report evaluates the effects of precipitation patterns on ground-water levels in areas of Utah and Arizona that have experienced different amounts of ground-water withdrawal. This includes a comparison of water-level records from basins that are hydrogeologically and climatologically similar but have contrasting levels of ground-water development. Hydrologic data, including records of ground-water levels, basin-wide annual ground-water withdrawals, and precipitation were examined from two basins in Utah (Milford and central Sevier) and three in Arizona (Aravaipa Canyon, Willcox, and Douglas). Most water-level records examined in this study from basins experiencing substantial ground-water development (Milford, Douglas, and Willcox) showed strong trends of declining water levels. Other water-level records, generally from the less-developed basins (central Sevier and Aravaipa Canyon) exhibited trends of increasing water levels. These trends are likely the result of accumulating infiltration of unconsumed irrigation water.\r\n\r\nWater-level records that had significant trends were detrended by subtraction of a low-order polynomial in an attempt to eliminate the variation in the water-level records that resulted from ground-water withdrawal or the application of water for irrigation. After detrending, water-level residuals were correlated with 2- to 10-year moving averages of annual precipitation from representative stations for the individual basins. The water-level residual time series for each well was matched with the 2- to 10-year moving average of annual precipitation with which it was best correlated and the results were compared across basins and hydrologic settings.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of water-level residuals and moving averages of annual precipitation indicate that ground-water levels in the Utah basins respond more slowly to precipitation patterns than those from the Arizona basins. This is attributed to the dominant mechanism of recharge that most directly influences the respective valley aquifers. Substantial recharge in the Utah basins likely originates as infiltrating snowmelt in the mountain block far from the valley aquifer, whereas mountain-front recharge and streambed infiltration of runoff are the dominant recharge mechanisms operating in the Arizona basins. It was determined that the fraction of water-level variation caused by local precipitation patterns becomes more difficult to resolve with increasing effects of ground-water pumping, especially from incomplete records. As the demand for ground water increases in the southwestern United States, long-term records of ground-water levels have the potential to provide valuable information about the precipitation-driven variation in water levels, which has implications to water management related to water availability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085242","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., and Heilweil, V.M., 2009, Evaluation of the effects of precipitation on ground-water levels from wells in selected alluvial aquifers in Utah and Arizona, 1936-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5242, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085242.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"38","temporalStart":"1936-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa5e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70272977,"text":"70272977 - 2009 - Changing perceptions of change: The role of scientists in tamarix and river management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-12T14:19:54.069961","indexId":"70272977","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-05T10:59:26","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing perceptions of change: The role of scientists in tamarix and river management","docAbstract":"<p>Initially introduced to western United States to provide ecosystem services such as erosion control,&nbsp;<i>Tamarix&nbsp;</i>by the mid-1900s had became vilified as a profligate waster of water. This large shrub continues, today, to be indicted for various presumed environmental and economic costs, and millions of dollars are expended on its eradication. In this review, we examine the role of scientists in driving changes in perceptions of&nbsp;<i>Tamarix&nbsp;</i>from valuable import to vilified invader and (in some instances) back to a productive member of riparian plant communities. Scientists over the years have sustained a negative perception of&nbsp;<i>Tamarix&nbsp;</i>by, among other things, (1) citing outmoded sources; (2) inferring causation from correlative studies; (3) applying conclusions beyond the scope (domain) of the studies; and (4) emphasizing findings that present the species as an extreme or unnatural agent of change. Recent research is challenging the prevailing dogma regarding&nbsp;<i>Tamarix</i>’s role in ecosystem function and habitat degradation and many scientists now recommend management shifts from “pest plant” eradication to systemic, process-based restoration. However, prejudice against this and other non-native species persists. To further close the gap between science and management, it is important for scientists to strive to (1) cite sources appropriately; (2) avoid reflexive antiexotic bias; (3) avoid war-based and pestilence-based terminology; (4) heed the levels of certainty and the environmental domain of studies; (5) maintain up-to-date information on educational Web sites; and (6) prior to undertaking restoration or management actions, conduct a thorough and critical review of the literature.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00514.x","usgsCitation":"Stromberg, J.C., Chew, M.K., Nagler, P., and Glenn, E., 2009, Changing perceptions of change: The role of scientists in tamarix and river management: Restoration Ecology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 177-186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00514.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-011032","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stromberg, Juliet C.","contributorId":52280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"Juliet","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":951962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, Matthew K.","contributorId":265945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chew","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":54713,"text":"School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":363777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":951961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169876,"text":"70169876 - 2009 - Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T17:07:51.673666","indexId":"70169876","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures","docAbstract":"Aquatic organisms exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) at early life-stages may have reduced reproductive fitness via disruption of reproductive and non-reproductive behavioral and physiological pathways. Survival to reproductive age relies upon optimal non-reproductive trait expression, such as adequate predator avoidance responses, which may be impacted through EDC exposure. During a predator–prey confrontation, larval fish use an innate C-start escape behavior to rapidly move away\r\nfrom an approaching threat. We tested the hypotheses that (1) larval fathead minnows exposed to estro gens, a primary class of EDCs, singularly or in mixture, suffer a reduced ability to perform an innate C-start behavior when faced with a threat stimulus; (2) additive effects will cause greater reductions in C-start behavior; and (3) effects will differ among developmental stages. In this study, embryos (post-fertilization until hatching) were exposed for 5 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of estrone (E1), 17-estradiol (E2), and 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2) singularly and in mixture. Exposed embryos were allowed to hatch and grow in control well water until 12 days old. Similarly, post-hatch fathead minnows were exposed for 12 days to these compounds. High-speed (1000 frames/s) video recordings of escape behavior were collected and transferred to National Institutes of Health Image for frame-by-frame anal-\r\nysis of latency period, escape velocity, and total escape response (combination of latency period and escape velocity). When tested 12 days post-hatch, only E1 adversely affected C-start performance of larvae exposed as embryos. Conversely, larvae exposed for 12 days post-hatch did not exhibit altered escape responses when exposed to E1, while adverse responses were seen in E2 and the estrogen mixture.  Ethinylestradiol exposure did not elicit changes in escape behaviors at either developmental stage. The direct impact of reduced C-start performance on survival, and ultimately, reproductive fitness provides an avenue to assess the ecological relevance of exposure in an assay of relatively short duration.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002","usgsCitation":"McGee, M.R., Julius, M.L., Vajda, A.M., Norris, D.O., Barber, L.B., and Schoenfuss, H.L., 2009, Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 91, no. 4, p. 355-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"361","ipdsId":"IP-009458","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, Meghan R.","contributorId":156305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGee","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julius, Matthew L.","contributorId":156303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Julius","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vajda, Alan M.","contributorId":156301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vajda","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, David O.","contributorId":168310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":25250,"text":"Univ. of CO, Bouder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":156302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224962,"text":"5224962 - 2009 - Persistence of dragonfly exuviae on vegetation and rock substrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T13:35:16.535884","indexId":"5224962","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-01T12:18:37","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of dragonfly exuviae on vegetation and rock substrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surveys of dragonfly exuviae have been used to assess rare species' habitats, lake water quality status, and wetland restoration programs. Knowledge of the persistence of exuviae on various substrates is necessary to accurately interpret exuvial surveys. In 2006, we recorded exuvial persistence at defined areas in a variety of small freshwater wetlands in Rhode Island. Exuviae were field-identified, labeled with small daubs of nail polish, and observed every three weeks from June through September. Overall, exuvial persistence displayed exponential decline, disappearing rapidly during the first few weeks, and more slowly thereafter. The initial rate of decline was similar for most species, but differed in some taxa. There was no significant difference in exuvial retention on emergent vegetation vs. rock substrate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/045.016.0112","usgsCitation":"Aliberti Lubertazzi, M.A., and Ginsberg, H., 2009, Persistence of dragonfly exuviae on vegetation and rock substrates: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 16, no. 1, p. 141-147, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.016.0112.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/156","text":"External Repository"},{"id":384218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.80389404296876,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.79290771484375,\n              41.33145127732962\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.49078369140625,\n              41.364441530542244\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.17767333984375,\n              41.43860847395721\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.12548828125001,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.18865966796876,\n              41.6872711837914\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.17218017578125,\n              41.7180304600481\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.30950927734375,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.378173828125,\n              41.89001042401827\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.37542724609376,\n              42.01869237684385\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.79840087890626,\n              42.002366213375524\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.80389404296876,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aliberti Lubertazzi, Maria A.","contributorId":16529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aliberti Lubertazzi","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201198,"text":"70201198 - 2009 - Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T11:39:06","indexId":"70201198","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-01T11:37:25","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first comprehensive calibration and mapping of the thermal&nbsp;</span>microwave emission<span>&nbsp;from&nbsp;Titan's&nbsp;surface is reported based on radiometric data obtained at 2.2-cm wavelength by the passive&nbsp;radiometer&nbsp;included in the Cassini Radar instrument. The data reported were accumulated from 69 separate observational segments in Titan passes from Ta (October 2004) through T30 (May 2007) and include emission from 94% of Titan's surface. They are diverse in the key observing parameters of emission angle, polarization, and&nbsp;spatial resolution, and their reduction into calibrated global mosaic maps involved several steps. Analysis of the&nbsp;polarimetry&nbsp;obtained at low to moderate resolution (50+ km) enabled integration of the radiometry into a single mosaic of the equivalent&nbsp;brightness temperature&nbsp;at normal incidence with a relative precision of about 1 K. The&nbsp;Huygens probe&nbsp;measurement of Titan's&nbsp;surface temperature&nbsp;and radiometry obtained on Titan's&nbsp;dune fields&nbsp;allowed us to infer an absolute calibration estimated to be accurate to a level approaching 1 K. The results provide evidence for a surface that is complex and varied on large scales. The radiometry primarily constrains physical properties of the surface, where we see strong evidence for subsurface (volume) scattering as a dominant mechanism that determines the&nbsp;emissivity, with the possibility of a fluffy or graded-density&nbsp;surface layer&nbsp;in many regions. The results are consistent with, but not necessarily definitive of a surface composition resulting from the slow deposition and processing of&nbsp;organic compounds&nbsp;from the atmosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017","usgsCitation":"Janssen, M., Lorenz, R.D., West, R., Paganelli, F., Lopes, R., Kirk, R.L., Elachi, C., Wall, S.D., Johnson, W., Anderson, Y., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Kelleher, K., Roth, L., Stiles, B., Le Gall, A., and The Cassini Radar Team, 2009, Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results: Icarus, v. 200, no. 1, p. 222-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Saturn; Titan","volume":"200","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c08f1c7e4b0815414d0bc07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, M.A.","contributorId":28345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, R. D.","contributorId":90441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paganelli, F.","contributorId":17353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganelli","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopes, R.M.","contributorId":56444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elachi, C.","contributorId":104606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wall, S. D.","contributorId":86468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anderson, Y.","contributorId":60369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Boehmer, R.A.","contributorId":59254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehmer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Callahan, P.","contributorId":22889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gim, Y.","contributorId":14934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gim","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hamilton, G.A.","contributorId":88963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kelleher, K.D.","contributorId":67739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelleher","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Roth, L.","contributorId":70978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stiles, B.","contributorId":59547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Le Gall, A.","contributorId":211087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Gall","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"The Cassini Radar Team","contributorId":127994,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"The Cassini Radar Team","id":753186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70146647,"text":"70146647 - 2009 - The legacy of wetland drainage on the remaining peat in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:32:47","indexId":"70146647","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The legacy of wetland drainage on the remaining peat in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout the world, many extensive wetlands, such as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California (hereafter, the Delta), have been drained for agriculture, resulting in land-surface subsidence of peat soils. The purpose of this project was to study the in situ effects of wetland drainage on the remaining peat in the Delta. Peat cores were retrieved from four drained, farmed islands and four relatively undisturbed, marsh islands. Core samples were analyzed for bulk density and percent organic carbon. Macrofossils in the peat were dated using radiocarbon age determination. The peat from the farmed islands is highly distinct from marsh island peat. Bulk density of peat from the farmed islands is generally greater than that of the marsh islands at a given organic carbon content. On the farmed islands, increased bulk density, which is an indication of compaction, decreases with depth within the unoxidized peat zone, whereas, on the marsh islands, bulk density is generally constant with depth except near the surface. Approximately 55&ndash;80% of the original peat layer on the farmed islands has been lost due to landsurface subsidence. For the center regions of the farmed islands, this translates into an estimated loss of between 2900-5700 metric tons of organic carbon/hectare. Most of the intact peat just below the currently farmed soil layer is over 4000 years old. Peat loss will continue as long as the artificial water table on the farmed islands is held below the land surface.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1672/08-97.1","collaboration":"CALFED","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., de Fontaine, C.S., and Deverel, S.J., 2009, The legacy of wetland drainage on the remaining peat in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 372-386, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-97.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-005984","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.8651580810547,\n              38.0096892410326\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8651580810547,\n              38.07998712800633\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76387786865236,\n              38.07998712800633\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76387786865236,\n              38.0096892410326\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8651580810547,\n              38.0096892410326\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5536234be4b0b22a15807ac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Fontaine, Christian S.","contributorId":140339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Fontaine","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deverel, Steven J.","contributorId":140340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deverel","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13460,"text":"Hydrofocus, Inc. (2727 Del Rio P","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156891,"text":"70156891 - 2009 - Mapping Hurricane Rita inland storm tide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T16:43:38.80973","indexId":"70156891","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2289,"text":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping Hurricane Rita inland storm tide","docAbstract":"<p><span>Flood‐inundation data are most useful for decision makers when presented in the context of maps of affected communities and (or) areas. But because the data are scarce and rarely cover the full extent of the flooding, interpolation and extrapolation of the information are needed. Many geographic information systems provide various interpolation tools, but these tools often ignore the effects of the topographic and hydraulic features that influence flooding. A barrier mapping method was developed to improve maps of storm tide produced by Hurricane Rita. Maps were developed for the maximum storm tide and at 3‐h intervals from midnight (00:00 hours) through noon (12:00 hours) on 24 September 2005. The improved maps depict storm‐tide elevations and the extent of flooding. The extent of storm‐tide inundation from the improved maximum storm‐tide map was compared with the extent of flood inundation from a map prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The boundaries from these two maps generally compared quite well especially along the Calcasieu River. Also a cross‐section profile that parallels the Louisiana coast was developed from the maximum storm‐tide map and included FEMA high‐water marks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01019.x","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., Mason, and Blanchard, S.F., 2009, Mapping Hurricane Rita inland storm tide: Journal of Flood Risk Management, v. 2, no. 1, p. 76-82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01019.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-005603","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.412.1392","text":"External Repository"},{"id":391016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"southern Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.40277099609375,\n              29.537619205973428\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.01324462890625,\n              29.537619205973428\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.01324462890625,\n              30.071470887901302\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.40277099609375,\n              30.071470887901302\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.40277099609375,\n              29.537619205973428\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6c7e4b058f706e53d53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":2090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193243,"text":"70193243 - 2009 - The authors respond (Response to Roberts and Frimpong)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:40:10","indexId":"70193243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The authors respond (Response to Roberts and Frimpong)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Mather, M.E., Parrish, D., and Dettmers, J.M., 2009, The authors respond (Response to Roberts and Frimpong): Fisheries, v. 34, no. 3, p. 144-145.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"145","ipdsId":"IP-012327","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cfbe4b06e28e9c2574f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, Donna L. dparrish@usgs.gov","contributorId":3559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Donna L.","email":"dparrish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":611,"text":"Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettmers, John M.","contributorId":27395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189229,"text":"70189229 - 2009 - Integrated watershed scale response to climate change for selected basins across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T14:12:40","indexId":"70189229","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated watershed scale response to climate change for selected basins across the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>As the questions of climate change has moved from “if” it is happening to “how” it is changing our environment, it has become important to have regional assessment designs to allow us to better understand how changes are occurring now and in the future. The authors are using the Precipitatation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) to assess the potential effects of long-term climate change on 15 basins representing different hydroclimatic regions in the United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S.L., and Hay, L.E., 2009, Integrated watershed scale response to climate change for selected basins across the United States: Water Resources Impact, v. 11, no. 2, p. 8-10.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-012674","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c48e4b0d1f9f057e393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":146553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148117,"text":"70148117 - 2009 - Vegetation effects on fish distribution in impounded salt marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:38:03","indexId":"70148117","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation effects on fish distribution in impounded salt marshes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We compared the density and biomass of resident fish in vegetated and unvegetated flooded habitats of impounded salt marshes in the northern Indian River Lagoon (IRL) Estuary of east-central Florida. A 1</span><sup>-m</sup><span>2 throw trap was used to sample fish in randomly located, paired sample plots (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 198 pairs) over 5 seasons in 7 impoundments. We collected a total of 15 fish taxa, and 88% of the fishes we identified from the samples belonged to three species:&nbsp;</span><i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i><span>&nbsp;(Sheepshead Minnow),&nbsp;</span><i>Gambusia holbrooki</i><span>&nbsp;(Eastern Mosquitofish), and&nbsp;</span><i>Poecilia latipinna</i><span>&nbsp;(Sailfin Molly). Vegetated habitat usually had higher density and biomass of fish. Mean fish density (and 95% confidence interval) for vegetated and unvegetated sites were 8.2 (6.7&ndash;9.9) and 2.0 (1.6&ndash;2.4) individuals m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>, respectively; mean biomass (and 95%) confidence interval) for vegetated and unvegetated sites were 3.0 (2.5&ndash;3.7) and 1.1 (0.9&ndash;1.4) g m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>, respectively. We confirmed previous findings that impounded salt marshes of the northern IRL Estuary produce a high standing stock of resident fishes. Seasonal patterns of abundance were consistent with fish moving between vegetated and unvegetated habitat as water levels changed in the estuary. Differences in density, mean size, and species composition of resident fishes between vegetated and unvegetated habitats have important implications for movement of biomass and nutrients out of salt marsh by piscivores (e.g., wading birds and fishes) via a trophic relay.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.008.0311","usgsCitation":"Stolen, E.D., Collazo, J., and Percival, H.F., 2009, Vegetation effects on fish distribution in impounded salt marshes: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 8, no. 3, p. 503-514, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.008.0311.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"514","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007689","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.74092864990234,\n              28.70233267667538\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.72685241699217,\n              28.701429260204154\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7275390625,\n              28.70775301170924\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.73680877685547,\n              28.714678586705976\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.74127197265625,\n              28.709258610495475\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.74710845947266,\n              28.708054133199937\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7553482055664,\n              28.705946264564464\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.76290130615234,\n              28.70052583593362\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.76393127441406,\n              28.693599324100536\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7766342163086,\n              28.691189995151863\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.78556060791016,\n              28.69058765425071\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7889938354492,\n              28.684262865567455\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7879638671875,\n              28.67733527773468\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7828140258789,\n              28.670708460642633\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.78384399414062,\n              28.65986367406166\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.78727722167969,\n              28.649620345339766\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.78659057617188,\n              28.635760131498763\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.77835083007812,\n              28.63696544017949\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.77560424804688,\n              28.670407231724507\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7718276977539,\n              28.67793769486622\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.76255798339844,\n              28.680347328746553\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.75260162353516,\n              28.684564054643918\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.75157165527344,\n              28.697514365372466\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.74092864990234,\n              28.70233267667538\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55702545e4b0d9246a9fd1c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolen, Eric D.","contributorId":28432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolen","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Percival, H. 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,{"id":70208387,"text":"70208387 - 2009 - New satellite observations and rainfall forecasts help provide earlier warning of African drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:15:12","indexId":"70208387","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T13:39:27","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5927,"text":"Earth Observer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New satellite observations and rainfall forecasts help provide earlier warning of African drought","docAbstract":"<p>The poor nations of sub-Saharan Africa face a constant struggle against weather and climate. The outcome of that struggle profoundly influences these nations’ economic growth, health, and social stability. Advances in climate monitoring and forecasting can help African nations and international aid organizations reduce the impact of these natural hazards. Satellites play a crucial role in this effort as they enable scientists to track climate conditions over data-sparse land and ocean areas. In this article, I discuss how a multi-organizational group of scientists use satellite data and statistical forecasts to provide earlier and more accurate early warning of potential drought conditions. We frame our discussion in a specific, timely context—that of probable dramatic food insecurity in Zimbabwe, Eastern Kenya, and Somalia. As this article was being prepared in mid-December, very warm conditions in the Indian Ocean appear likely to produce below normal December–January–February rainfall in both Eastern Kenya/Somalia and Zimbabwe.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., 2009, New satellite observations and rainfall forecasts help provide earlier warning of African drought: Earth Observer, v. 21, no. 1, p. 23-27.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/earthobserver/jan-feb-2009"}],"country":"Kenya, Somalia, Zimbabwe","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n  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,{"id":70205812,"text":"70205812 - 2009 - Introduction NE Forests 2100: A synthesis of climate change impacts on forests of the northeastern US and eastern Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T10:16:36","indexId":"70205812","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T10:03:50","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction NE Forests 2100: A synthesis of climate change impacts on forests of the northeastern US and eastern Canada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","usgsCitation":"Rustad, L., Campbell, J., Cox, R.M., Dukes, J.S., Huntington, T.G., Magill, A.H., Mohan, J.E., Richardson, A., Rodenhouse, N., and Watson, M.R., 2009, Introduction NE Forests 2100: A synthesis of climate change impacts on forests of the northeastern US and eastern Canada: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 39, no. 2, p. v-x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"v","endPage":"x","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -52.470703125,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -52.470703125,\n              54.57206165565852\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              54.57206165565852\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rustad, L. E.","contributorId":219520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rustad","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, J.L.","contributorId":20488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, R. M.","contributorId":219519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dukes, J. S.","contributorId":219521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dukes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Magill, A. H.","contributorId":219522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magill","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mohan, J. E.","contributorId":219523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richardson, A.D.","contributorId":10629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rodenhouse, N. L.","contributorId":219524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodenhouse","given":"N. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Watson, M. R.","contributorId":219525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":97335,"text":"sir20095038 - 2009 - Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"sir20095038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5038","title":"Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land Management are conducting research on the efficacy of the immunocontraceptive agent porcine zona pellucida (PZP) in reducing fertility of wild horses (Equus caballus). As an antigen, PZP stimulates antibody production when injected into many mammalian species. These antibodies bind to the external surface of the ovum, preventing fertilization. By itself, PZP is only weakly immunogenic and is therefore delivered with an adjuvant, most commonly one of the Freund adjuvants, designed to further stimulate antibody production. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in particular is known to be very effective, but may also be associated with undesirable side effects such as formation of abscesses at injection sites. Such reactions may be exacerbated when accompanied by the additional trauma of a remotely delivered dart. Because horses in our three study herds were individually identifiable by color markings and harem association, we were able to monitor mares for injection-site reactions (abscesses, nodules, swelling, and stiffness) following inoculation with PZP.\r\n\r\nIn 100 injections delivered by hand we observed a single nodule, two instances of swelling, and no other reactions. In two herds that received remotely delivered (dart) injections, the frequency of reactions was about 1 and 6 percent for abscesses, 25 percent for nodules (both herds), 11 and 33 percent for swelling, and 1 and 12 percent for stiffness. Abscesses were too infrequent to allow meaningful analysis of the relation to covariates, but for the other types of reactions we used logistic regression to examine the relation of occurrence to the delivery method (rifle or CO2-powered blowgun), adjuvant (FCA, Freund's modified adjuvant, and Freund's incomplete adjuvant), dart trauma (normal or abnormal), and age of mare. Abnormal dart trauma included cases where the dart hit bone or the needle broke off. We found strong evidence (odds ratio = 5.023, P = 0.001) for a higher probability of occurrence of swelling when darts were delivered by blowgun. We found some evidence (odds ratio = 8.729, P = 0.07) that abnormal dart trauma led to a higher frequency of nodule formation. Nodules were the most common reactions observed and often persisted for a year or more, but in our observations they did not appear to change any animal's range of movement or locomotor patterns and in most cases did not appear to differ in magnitude from naturally occurring injuries or scars. We were unable to perform histological examinations of these nodules, but they may be similar to granulomas reported by other investigators following administration of Freund's adjuvant.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., and Ransom, J.I., 2009, Injection-Site Reactions in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Receiving an Immunocontraceptive Vaccine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5038, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095038.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12388,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ransom, Jason I. 0000-0002-5930-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004","contributorId":71645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97333,"text":"sir20095012 - 2009 - Collection of pyrethroids in water and sediment matrices: Development and validation of a standard operating procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:30:35","indexId":"sir20095012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5012","title":"Collection of pyrethroids in water and sediment matrices: Development and validation of a standard operating procedure","docAbstract":"Loss of pyrethroid insecticides onto surfaces during sample collection can confound the interpretation of analytical and toxicity test results. Sample collection devices, container materials, and water matrix composition have a significant influence on the association of pyrethroids to container walls, which can be as high as 50 percent. Any sample collection method involving transfer through multiple containers or pieces of equipment increases the potential for pyrethroid loss. This loose 'surface-association' with container walls can be reversed through agitation. When sampling water matrices with pumps or autosamplers, no pyrethroids were lost as long as the water was moving continuously through the system. When collecting water matrices in containers, the material with the least amount of pyrethroid sorption is as follows: glass less than (<) plastic less than (<) Teflon. Additionally, pyrethroids were easier to re-suspend from the glass container walls. Since the amount of surface-association is proportional to the ratio of volume-to-contact-area of the sample, taking larger-volume field samples (greater than 3 liters) reduced pyrethroid losses to less than 10 percent. The amount of surface-association cannot be predicted easily because of the dependence on water matrix composition; samples with higher dissolved organic carbon or suspended-sediment concentrations were observed to have lower percent loss. Sediment samples were not affected by glass-container sorption (the only containers tested). Standardized sample-collection protocols are critical to yield accurate pyrethroid concentrations for assessment of potential effects, and have been summarized in an accompanying standard operating procedure.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Orlando, J., and Kuivila, K., 2009, Collection of pyrethroids in water and sediment matrices: Development and validation of a standard operating procedure: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5012, viii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095012.","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5012.jpg"},{"id":12386,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae8fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97334,"text":"sir20095025 - 2009 - Water Quality of a Drained Wetland, Caledonia Marsh on Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, after Flooding in 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095025","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5025","title":"Water Quality of a Drained Wetland, Caledonia Marsh on Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, after Flooding in 2006","docAbstract":"The unexpected inundation of Caledonia Marsh, a previously drained wetland adjacent to Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, provided an opportunity to observe nutrient release from sediments into the water column of the flooded area and the resulting algal growth. Three sites, with differing proximity to the levee breach that reconnected the area to Upper Klamath Lake, were selected for water sample collection in the marsh. Chlorophyll a concentrations (an indicator of algal biomass) were lowest and dissolved nutrient concentrations were highest at the site farthest from the breach. At the site where chlorophyll a concentrations were lowest, dissolved organic carbon concentrations were highest, and the presence of tannic compounds was indicated by the dark brown color of the water. Both DOC and specific conductance was higher at the site farthest from the breach, which indicated less mixing with Upper Klamath Lake water at that site. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH were lowest at the beginning of the sampling period at the site farthest from the levee breach, coincident with the lowest algal growth. Phosphorus concentrations measured in the flooded Caledonia Marsh were greater than median concentrations in Upper Klamath Lake, indicating that phosphorus likely was released from the previously drained wetland soils of the marsh when they were flooded. However, a proportional increase in algal biomass was not measured either in the marsh or in the adjacent bay of the lake. Nitrogen to phosphorus ratios indicated that phosphorus was not limiting to algal growth at the marsh sites, and possibly was not limiting in the adjacent bay either. In terms of nutrient dynamics, wetlands normally function as nutrient sinks. In contrast, the drained wetlands around Upper Klamath Lake cannot be expected to provide that function in the short term after being flooded and may, in fact, be a source of nutrients to the lake instead. The consequences for algal growth in the lake, however, seem to be small.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095025","usgsCitation":"Lindenberg, M.K., and Wood, T.M., 2009, Water Quality of a Drained Wetland, Caledonia Marsh on Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, after Flooding in 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5025, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095025.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5025.jpg"},{"id":12387,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.25,42.666666666666664 ], [ -121.75,42.666666666666664 ], [ -121.75,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.25,42.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindenberg, Mary K.","contributorId":40290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindenberg","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97336,"text":"ds379 - 2009 - Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:30:53.902352","indexId":"ds379","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"379","title":"Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006","docAbstract":"From 2004 through 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey monitored the chemical composition of biosolids, crops, dust, and ground water related to biosolids applications near Deer Trail, Colorado, in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District. This monitoring effort was a continuation of the monitoring program begun in 1999 in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District and the North Kiowa Bijou Groundwater Management District. The monitoring program addresses concerns from the public about the chemical effects from applications of biosolids to farmland in the Deer Trail, Colorado, area. This report presents chemical data from 2004 through 2006 for biosolids, crops, and alluvial and bedrock ground water. The chemical data include the constituents of highest concern to the public (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, zinc, and plutonium) in addition to many other constituents. The ground-water section also includes climate and water-level data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds379","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Smith, D., and Crock, J.G., 2009, Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 379, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds379.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/379/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a3be4b07f02db61ec92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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