Conceptual models for tidal period and low-frequency variations in sea level, currents, and mixing processes in the northern and southern reaches of San Francisco Bay describe the contrasting characteristics and dissimilar processes and rates in these embayments: The northern reach is a partially mixed estuary whereas the southern reach (South Bay) is a tidally oscillating lagoon with density-driven exchanges with the northern reach.
The mixed semidiurnal tides are mixtures of progressive and standing waves. The relatively simple oscillations in South Bay are nearly standing waves, with energy propagating down the channels and dispersing into the broad shoal areas. The tides of the northern reach have the general properties of a progressive wave but are altered at the constriction of the embayments and gradually change in an upstream direction to a mixture of progressive and standing waves. The spring and neap variations of the tides are pronounced and cause fortnightly varying tidal currents that affect mixing and salinity stratification in the water column.
Wind stress on the water surface, freshwater inflow, and tidal currents interacting with the complex bay configuration are the major local forcing mechanisms creating low-frequency variations in sea level and currents. These local forcing mechanisms drive the residual flows which, with tidal diffusion, control the water-replacement rates in the estuary. In the northern reach, the longitudinal density gradient drives an estuarine circulation in the channels, and the spatial variation in tidal amplitude creates a tidally-driven residual circulation. In contrast, South Bay exhibits a balance between wind-driven circulation and tidally-driven residual circulation for most of the year. During winter, however, there can be sufficient density variations to drive multilayer (2 to 3) flows in the channel of South Bay.
Mixing models (that include both diffusive and dispersive processes) are based on time scales associated with salt variations at the boundaries and those associated with the local forcing mechanisms, while the spatial scales of variations are dependent upon the configuration of the embayments. In the northern reach, where the estuarine circulation is strong, the salt flux is carried by the mean advection of the mean salt field. Where large salinity gradients are present, the tidal correlation part of the salt flux is of the same order as the advective part. Our knowledge of mixing and exchange rates in South Bay is poor. As this embayment is nearly isohaline, the salt flux is dominated entirely by the mean advection of the mean salt field. During and after peaks in river discharge, water mixing becomes more dynamic, with a strong density-driven current creating a net exchange of both water mass and salt. These exchanges are stronger during neap tides.
Residence times of the water masses vary seasonally and differ between reaches. In the northern reach, residence times are on the order of days for high winter river discharge and of months for summer periods. The residence times for South Bay are fairly long (on the order of several months) during summer, and typically shorter (less than a month) during winter when density-driven exchanges occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00048685","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., Cheng, R.T., and Conomos, T.J., 1985, Time scales of circulation and mixing processes of San Francisco Bay waters: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 13-36, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048685.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048685"},{"id":221972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3ade4b08c986b325f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012827,"text":"70012827 - 1985 - Palmer Drought Severity Index as a Measure of Hydrologic Drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T13:09:41","indexId":"70012827","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palmer Drought Severity Index as a Measure of Hydrologic Drought","docAbstract":"The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for climatic divisions in New Jersey is compared to the occurrence within each climatic division of streamflows in their lower quartile for the month (streamflow index) and ground-water levels in their lower quartile for the month (ground-water index). These indices are found to have distinct properties. The PDSI values and groundwater index indicate more persistent subnormal conditions than the streamflow index for truncation levels yielding the same total duration of drought over a period. Overall, the three indices of drought can provide three very different characterizations of drought. Refs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05357.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., 1985, Palmer Drought Severity Index as a Measure of Hydrologic Drought: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 21, no. 1, p. 105-114, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05357.x.","startPage":"105","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269331,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05357.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a732ae4b0c8380cd76ed0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012826,"text":"70012826 - 1985 - Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T16:53:44.5747","indexId":"70012826","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States","docAbstract":"Data from the United States Oil and Gas File (TOTL) developed by the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, are used to characterize the lithology, location (state and basin), geologic age, year of discovery, depth to top of pay, porosity, permeability, water saturation, volume of crude oil and nonassociated gas originally in place, and net-pay thickness of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States. Distributions of these parameters, representing thousands of reservoirs, establish a framework to which individual carbonate reservoirs can be compared, and provide insights into geologic processes affecting reservoir characteristics.
Limestone reservoirs are more numerous in the United States than dolomite reservoirs (by a ratio of about 3 to 1) because limestones are more abundant than dolomites. However, in the eight states that account for over 90% of United States carbonate reservoirs, there is a statistical tendency for carbonate reservoirs to occur preferentially in dolomites. Dolomite reservoirs, on the average, are larger and deeper than those of limestone, yet they often have lower matrix porosities and permeabilities. This line of investigation offers supplemental evidence that dolomitization tends to improve the reservoir properties of a given formation, and that effective fracture systems at reservoir depths are more likely to occur in dolomites than in limestones.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD4627F9-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J.W., Krystinik, K.B., and Halley, R., 1985, Selected characteristics of limestone and dolomite reservoirs in the United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 5, p. 733-741, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD4627F9-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf30e4b0c8380cd8742f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, James W.","contributorId":52171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krystinik, Katherine B.","contributorId":77989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krystinik","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012825,"text":"70012825 - 1985 - Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:01:35","indexId":"70012825","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":847,"text":"Applied Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing","docAbstract":"In an interlaboratory test, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was compared with flame atomic absorption spectrometry and molecular absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of 17 major and trace elements in 100 filtered natural water samples. No unacceptable biases were detected. The analysis precision of ICP-AES was found to be equal to or better than alternative methods. Known-addition recovery experiments demonstrated that the ICP-AES determinations are accurate to between plus or minus 2 and plus or minus 10 percent; four-fifths of the tests yielded average recoveries of 95-105 percent, with an average relative standard deviation of about 5 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1366/0003702854248458","issn":"00037028","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J., Jones, B.E., and Stein, G., 1985, Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 39, no. 3, p. 535-541, https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702854248458.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9729e4b08c986b31b902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B. E.","contributorId":70787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, G.P.","contributorId":30363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012812,"text":"70012812 - 1985 - The effect of glaciers on streamflow variations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:16:24","indexId":"70012812","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of glaciers on streamflow variations","docAbstract":"The effect of temperate glaciers on runoff variations is examined for the North Cascade Mountains of Washington State. The principal influences of glaciers on streamflow are often unexpected contributions to streamflow volume, a delay of the maximum seasonal flow, and a decrease in annual and monthly variation of runoff. The delay of maximum flow is caused by temporary englacial storage of spring meltwater and by peak meltwater production occurring in midsummer. The englacial storage, for one case, is 54% of the potential May runoff. An algorithm is presented that calculates the coefficient of variation of runoff for any arbitrary glacier cover. The results suggest that a minimum in year-to-year variation occurs for basins about 36% glacierized. On a month-to-month basis, maximum variation occurs in July and August for basins with less than 10% glacier cover but is a minimum for basins with glacier covers greater than 30%.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i004p00579","usgsCitation":"Fountain, A.G., and Tangborn, W.V., 1985, The effect of glaciers on streamflow variations: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 4, p. 579-586, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i004p00579.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"586","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab2ce4b08c986b322c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fountain, Andrew G.","contributorId":10410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":364591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tangborn, Wendell V.","contributorId":32152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangborn","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012809,"text":"70012809 - 1985 - COMPARISON OF RECORDING CURRENT METERS USED FOR MEASURING VELOCITIES IN SHALLOW WATERS OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:41:50","indexId":"70012809","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"COMPARISON OF RECORDING CURRENT METERS USED FOR MEASURING VELOCITIES IN SHALLOW WATERS OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA.","docAbstract":"The authors determine the feasibility of collecting reliable current-meter data in shallow water under natural conditions. The study involved field testing four types of recording current meters (different speed sensors) and comparing data recorded by the meters under different field conditions. Speeds recorded by the current meters at slack water and during maximum flows were compared during calm and windy conditions at various tide levels.
","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Ocean Engineering and the Environment - Conference Record.","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.W., and Oltmann, R.N., 1985, COMPARISON OF RECORDING CURRENT METERS USED FOR MEASURING VELOCITIES IN SHALLOW WATERS OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA., in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), San Diego, CA, USA, p. 731-737.","startPage":"731","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dae4b0c8380cd4b429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oltmann, Richard N.","contributorId":63377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltmann","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012808,"text":"70012808 - 1985 - Movement of volatile organics through a fractured rock aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T23:10:37.395579","indexId":"70012808","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of volatile organics through a fractured rock aquifer","docAbstract":"In response to the detection of contaminants in several municipal water supply wells in a northern New Jersey community, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) undertook a detailed assessment of the movement of volatile organics through the Brunswick fractured rock aquifer. Understanding the directional or anisotropic behavior of ground-water flow within the aquifer proved to be a crucial factor for identification of the sources of contamination. Since the ground-water flow occurs in a direction predominantly parallel to the strike of the aquifer, the resulting distribution of contaminants allowed the differentiation of two overlapping plumes, each over 4,000 feet in length and each emerging from discrete adjacent sources.
The investigations and subsequent cleanup agreements between the NJDEP and the responsible parties allowed savings of several million dollars for the U.S. EPA's Super-fund Program which otherwise would have been used for cleanup of the site. The privately funded cleanup program includes treatment of the affected municipal wells and on-site remedial actions designed to fully restore the aquifer within 10 years.
Reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in water samples, preserved by standard techniques, was investigated. The standard preservation technique for water samples that are to be analyzed for Cr(VI) consists of filtration through a 0.45‐µm membrane, acidification to a pH < 2, and storage in plastic bottles. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of H+ concentration, NO2, temperature, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The rate of reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) increased with increasing NO2, DOC, H+, and temperature. Reduction of Cr(VI) by organic matter occurred in some samples even though the samples were unacidified. Reduction of Cr(VI) is inhibited to an extent by storing the sample at 4°C. Stability of Cr(VI) in water is variable and depends on the other constituents present in the sample. Water samples collected for the determination of Cr(VI) should be filtered (0.45‐µm membrane), refrigerated, and analyzed as quickly as possible. Water samples should not be acidified. Measurement of total Cr in addition to Cr(VI) can serve as a check for Cr(VI) reduction. If total Cr is greater than Cr(VI), the possibility that Cr(VI) reduction has occurred needs to be considered.
We have measured complex resistivity of 2 water-saturated San Andreas fault gouges from 10−3 to 106 Hz and confining pressures of 0.2 to 200 MPa. Consistent with earlier observations of clays and common rocks, large low-frequency permittivities were observed in all cases. Comparisons were made to induced polarization (IP) measurements by inversion of the data into the time domain, where we found that principal features of the IP response curves were due to these large low-frequency permittivities. The results also suggest that following large earthquakes, significant electrical charge could remain for many seconds and could result in a variety of reported electromagnetic effects.
We have devised a technique for determining chloride in interstitial water of consolidated rocks. Samples of rocks ranging from 5 to 10 g are crushed and sieved under controlled conditions and then ground with distilled water to submicron size in a closed mechanical mill. After ultra-centrifugation, chloride content is determined by coulometric titration. The chloride concentrations and total pore-water concentrations, obtained earlier from the same pore-water concentrations, obtained earlier from the same samples by low-temperature vacuum desiccation, are used to arrive at the \"original\" pore-water chloride concentrations by a simple iteration procedure. Interstitial chlorinity results obtained from Cretaceous and Jurassic strata in the Gulf of Mexico coastal areas ranged from 20 to 100 g/kg Cl with reproducibility approaching +/- 1%. We have also applied the technique to igneous and metamorphic bedrocks as well as ocean basalts containing 1 % water or less. Chloride values ranging from 6.7 to 20 g/kg with a reproducibility of about 5% were obtained.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.2118/12724-PA","issn":"01977520","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., Peck, E., and Lane, C.M., 1985, Determination of interstitial chloride in shales and consolidated rocks by a precision leaching technique: Society of Petroleum Engineers journal, v. 25, no. 5, p. 704-710, https://doi.org/10.2118/12724-PA.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"710","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd43e4b0c8380cd4e71a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, E.E.","contributorId":77302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, Candice M.","contributorId":80823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012779,"text":"70012779 - 1985 - Experimental chemical weathering of various bedrock types at different pH-values. 1. Sandstone and granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T07:37:06","indexId":"70012779","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental chemical weathering of various bedrock types at different pH-values. 1. Sandstone and granite","docAbstract":"Experimental chemical weathering of the so-called Old Rag Granite and Massanutten Sandstone, Virginia, U.S.A., has produced a comparison with the natural environment, and prediction of the effect of acid precipitation. The experimental results of the release of elements, dissolution of minerals, total rock weathered and the degree of weathering as function of volume of leachate were plotted. These data were compared with the natural environment. The use of the plots to predict the effect of high levels of rain acidity on weathering of these rocks is demonstrated.
A nonexpandable 14-Å clay was developed from the alteration of biotite during the experimental chemical weathering of the granite at pH 4. This interstratified Al(OH)—mica clay resembles those of the soil developed on the granite and sandstone. Hydroxy-Al may be precipitating between the mica interlayers and producing a 14-Å spacing. Development of this clay by chemical alteration of biotite may change the current hypotheses about its origin in the soils of northeastern U.S.A.
While Al-hydroxide seems to regulate Al concentrations in stream waters at the present level of rain acidity, it was found that at lower pH and in the presence of high sulfate concentrations, Al solubility may be controlled by Al-sulfate phase(s).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(85)90149-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Afifi, A., Bricker, O., and Chemerys, J., 1985, Experimental chemical weathering of various bedrock types at different pH-values. 1. Sandstone and granite: Chemical Geology, v. 49, no. 1-3, p. 87-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90149-4.","productDescription":"27 p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"49","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dc4e4b0c8380cd531a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Afifi, A.A.","contributorId":98768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afifi","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chemerys, J.C.","contributorId":94293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chemerys","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012769,"text":"70012769 - 1985 - Benthic fluxes in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:55:28","indexId":"70012769","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic fluxes in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Measurements of benthic fluxes have been made on four occasions between February 1980 and February 1981 at a channel station and a shoal station in South San Francisco Bay, using in situ flux chambers. On each occasion replicate measurements of easily measured substances such as radon, oxygen, ammonia, and silica showed a variability (??1??) of 30% or more over distances of a few meters to tens of meters, presumably due to spatial heterogeneity in the benthic community. Fluxes of radon were greater at the shoal station than at the channel station because of greater macrofaunal irrigation at the former, but showed little seasonal variability at either station. At both stations fluxes of oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and silica were largest following the spring bloom. Fluxes measured during different seasons ranged over factors of 2-3, 3, 4-5, and 3-10 (respectively), due to variations in phytoplankton productivity and temperature. Fluxes of oxygen and carbon dioxide were greater at the shoal station than at the channel station because the net phytoplankton productivity is greater there and the organic matter produced must be rapidly incorporated in the sediment column. Fluxes of silica were greater at the shoal station, probably because of the greater irrigation rates there. N + N (nitrate + nitrite) fluxes were variable in magnitude and in sign. Phosphate fluxes were too small to measure accurately. Alkalinity fluxes were similar at the two stations and are attributed primarily to carbonate dissolution at the shoal station and to sulfate reduction at the channel station. The estimated average fluxes into South Bay, based on results from these two stations over the course of a year, are (in mmol m-2 d-1): O2 = -27 ?? 6; TCO2 = 23 ?? 6; Alkalinity = 9 ?? 2; N + N = -0.3 ?? 0.5; NH3 = 1.4 ?? 0.2; PO4 = 0.1 ?? 0.4; Si = 5.6 ?? 1.1. These fluxes are comparable in magnitude to those in other temperate estuaries with similar productivity, although the seasonal variability is smaller, probably because the annual temperature range in San Francisco Bay is smaller. Budgets constructed for South San Francisco Bay show that large fractions of the net annual productivity of carbon (about 90%) and silica (about 65%) are recycled by the benthos. Substantial rates of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification must occur in shoal areas, apparently resulting in conversion to N2 of 55% of the particulate nitrogen reaching the sediments. In shoal areas, benthic fluxes can replace the water column standing stocks of ammonia in 2-6 days and silica in 17-34 days, indicating the importance of benthic fluxes in the maintenance of productivity. Pore water profiles of nutrients and Rn-222 show that macrofaunal irrigation is extremely important in transport of silica, ammonia, and alkalinity. Calculations of benthic fluxes from these profiles are less accurate, but yield results consistent with chamber measurements and indicate that most of the NH3, SiO2, and alkalinity fluxes are sustained by reactions occurring throughout the upper 20-40 cm of the sediment column. In contrast, O2, CO2, and N + N fluxes must be dominated by reactions occurring within the upper one cm of the sediment-water interface. While most data support the statements made above, a few flux measurements are contradictory and demonstrate the complexity of benthic exchange. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/BF00048688","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Hammond, D.E., Fuller, C., Harmon, D., Hartman, B., Korosec, M., Miller, L., Rea, R., Warren, S., Berelson, W., and Hager, S., 1985, Benthic fluxes in San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 69-90, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048688.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048688"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 38.22307753495298\n ],\n [\n -121.5472412109375,\n 38.22307753495298\n ],\n [\n -121.5472412109375,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 37.23470197166817\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b6e4b0c8380cd4a889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, Douglas E.","contributorId":67878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C.","contributorId":106640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmon, D.","contributorId":40732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartman, Blayne","contributorId":77664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Blayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Korosec, M.","contributorId":81251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korosec","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rea, R.","contributorId":65602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warren, S.","contributorId":20075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berelson, W.","contributorId":48312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berelson","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70012763,"text":"70012763 - 1985 - Ground-water flow in the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T23:12:16.911715","indexId":"70012763","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water flow in the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina","docAbstract":"The characteristics of the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina are being studied as a part of the Regional Aquifer System Analysis program of the United States Geological Survey. Potentiometric maps were constructed for the Middendorf aquifer of Cretaceous age and for the Floridan aquifer system and its sand facies equivalent, Tertiary sand aquifer, prior to development. Also constructed was a potentiometric decline map for the period prior to development to November 1982 for the Middendorf aquifer. These maps are used to describe the ground-water flow system.
The Coastal Plain aquifers are recharged primarily by precipitation in their outcrop areas. Ground water flows from these areas of recharge, through the aquifers, and discharges to upper Coastal Plain rivers, overlying aquifers as upward leakage, and wells.
Ground-water flow in the Floridan aquifer system and the Tertiary sand aquifer prior to development is generally perpendicular to the coast. Predevelopment flow in the Cretaceous aquifers, however, turns northeastward as it approaches the coast, almost paralleling the coast. The change in flow direction is caused by less effective intervening confining units, the aquifers being closer to the land surface, and the rivers at lower altitudes farther upstream in the vicinity of the North Carolina/South Carolina State line.
Water-level declines in the Cretaceous aquifers have occurred throughout much of the eastern part of the Coastal Plain of South Carolina due to pumpage in the Myrtle Beach and Florence areas. Large areally extensive water-level declines have also occurred in the Floridan aquifer system in South Carolina due to pumpage in the Savannah, Georgia area.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84726","usgsCitation":"Moyle, W.R., and Glenn, F.M., 1985, Map of Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency area, California, showing ground-water subunits and areas, location of wells, and lines of equal depth to water for spring 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-726, 1 Plate: 37.76 x 39.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84726.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.76 x 39.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420424,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13541.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":79608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0726/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.854,\n 35.361\n ],\n [\n -118.854,\n 34.382\n ],\n [\n -117.628,\n 34.382\n ],\n [\n -117.628,\n 35.361\n ],\n [\n -118.854,\n 35.361\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6555da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyle, W. R. Jr.","contributorId":85938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Florence M.","contributorId":35293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Florence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30582,"text":"wri854292 - 1985 - Limnology of nine small lakes, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and the survival and growth rates of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T21:16:27.755353","indexId":"wri854292","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4292","title":"Limnology of nine small lakes, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and the survival and growth rates of rainbow trout","docAbstract":"The survival and growth rates of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnieri) were concurrently measured with selected limnological characteristics in nine small (surface area < 25 sq hectometers) lakes in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. The project goal was to develop empirical models for predicting rainbow trout growth rates from the following variables: total phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, Secchi disc transparency, or the morphoedaphic index--a means of characterizing potential biological productivity. No suitable model could be developed from the data collected during 1982 and 1983. The lack of significant correlation was attributed in part to the wide variation in survival of rainbow trout. Winterkills, caused by severe depletion of dissolved oxygen, were suspected in four of the lakes. Varied levels of fishing pressure and competition with threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) also influenced survival of rainbow trout but their effects were overshadowed by winterkill. Predictive capability was also reduced because of inconsistencies in rankings generated by each of the four limnological variables chosen as indicators of potential biological productivity. A lake ranked low in productivity by one variable was commonly ranked high in productivity by another variable. The survivability of rainbow trout stocked in lakes such as these nine may be a more important indicator of potential biomass production than are indicators of lake fertility. Assessments of a lake 's susceptibility to winterkill and the degree of competition with threespine stickleback are suggested as important topics for additional research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854292","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1985, Limnology of nine small lakes, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and the survival and growth rates of rainbow trout: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4292, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854292.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414141,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36430.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59341,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4292/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.817,\n 61.833\n ],\n [\n -149.817,\n 61.45\n ],\n [\n -148.267,\n 61.45\n ],\n [\n -148.267,\n 61.833\n ],\n [\n -149.817,\n 61.833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, P. F.","contributorId":97509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29912,"text":"wri854087 - 1985 - Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T19:17:59.193897","indexId":"wri854087","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4087","title":"Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, ground-water-flow model of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer and associated hydrogeologic units was developed to evaluate the movement of coal-tar derivatives from a coal-tar distillation and wood-preserving plant in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. A finite-difference grid was superimposed on the modeled area, which includes most of eastern Hennepin County. The individual cells are 400-foot squares in the center of the grid (St. Louis Park area); the cells increase in dimension toward the outside limits of the grid. Five geologic units are represented by four layers in the model. These units include the Jordan Sandstone, the Prairie du Chien Group (dolomite and sandy dolomite), the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone (silty and sandy shale), the St. Peter Sandstone, and glacial deposits in bedrock valleys.
The model was calibrated for steady-state conditions for a period before significant ground-water development (1885-1930) and for a period of significant pumping stress (winter conditions, 1970 fs). A transient calibration was accomplished by simulation of a period during which seasonal changes in potentiometric head in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were significant (1977-80). Sensitivity testing indicated that leakage to the upper model layer and the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone were the model hydrologic properties which, when changed, resulted in the greatest changes in model-calculated water levels. The calibrated model generally calculates water levels that are within 10 feet of measured values.
Model simulations indicate that the potentiometric surface of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer would be raised by as much as 3 feet in the area of the plant site by water introduced into the aquifer through wells open to more than one aquifer system. The cones of impression created at these wells could have a significant impact on the transport of contaminants in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan.
The presence of coal-tar derivatives in the aquifer has been difficult to explain in wells located upgradient from the plant site to the north, west, and southwest. Simulations suggest that, during periods of heavy withdrawal from certain of these wells (SLP10, SLP15, and SLP5), local hydraulic gradients may have been altered, resulting in the potential for the movement of contaminants from the area of the plant site to the wells. Cones of impression at multiaquifer wells near the plant site contributed to the alteration of local gradients.
Simulation of a proposed gradient-control plan, in which lateral homogeneity and isotropy of individual hydro geologic units was assumed, indicates that the actions would be effective in limiting expansion of the contaminated volume in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. The plan includes the control of withdrawal from five wells. The simulations also show, however, that modelcalculated potentiometric surfaces are sensitive to changes in withdrawal rates at wells not intended to be under the control of the plan. Management of discharge from these wells also will be important to overall effectiveness of the remedial-action plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854087","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., and Hult, M.F., 1985, Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4087, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854087.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36260.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Louis Park","otherGeospatial":"Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.167,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -93.583,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -93.583,\n 44.783\n ],\n [\n -93.167,\n 44.783\n ],\n [\n -93.167,\n 45.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28861,"text":"wri854055 - 1985 - Investigation of selected streamflow characteristics of the Alabama River upstream from Selma, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T17:50:01.378241","indexId":"wri854055","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4055","title":"Investigation of selected streamflow characteristics of the Alabama River upstream from Selma, Alabama","docAbstract":"Available data for floods in the vicinity of Montgomery since the late 1800 's indicate that the flood of 1886 is the highest since settlement of the area in 1814. Profiles for floods in 1948, 1961, 1976, and 1979 were defined using floodmarks and recorded peak stages at gaging stations at Selma and Montgomery. The floods in 1948 and 1961 occurred before construction of Robert F. Henry Lock and Dam (formerly Jones Bluff Lock and Dam and Millers Ferry Lock and Dam). Considerable water-surface differences are indicated between the profiles for periods before and after construction of the dams. The investigation included a step-backwater model to reproduce profiles based on the actual flood profiles. After the actual flood profiles were reproduced, the model was used to compute additional profiles showing the effects of varying tributary inflow. The profiles were computed for discharges ranging from 80,000 ft3/s to 500 ,000 ft3/s. Stage-discharge relations were then developed for five sites upstream from Selma. Discharge coefficient curves for prevalent types of flow over the spillway at Robert F. Henry Lock and Dam were developed using discharges obtained from current-meter measurements and standard discharge equations for flow through gate-controlled spillways. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.H., Ming, C.O., and Psinakis, W.L., 1985, Investigation of selected streamflow characteristics of the Alabama River upstream from Selma, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4055, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854055.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401757,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57740,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57739,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57737,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57738,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4055/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Selma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.154541015625,\n 32.22906629627297\n ],\n [\n -86.22894287109375,\n 32.22906629627297\n ],\n [\n -86.22894287109375,\n 32.51207789841144\n ],\n [\n -87.154541015625,\n 32.51207789841144\n ],\n [\n -87.154541015625,\n 32.22906629627297\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4783e4b07f02db483979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, G. H. Jr.","contributorId":23562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ming, C. O.","contributorId":9266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Psinakis, W. L.","contributorId":104074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psinakis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28827,"text":"wri844190 - 1985 - Geohydrology of the aquifer in the Santa Fe Group, northern West Mesa of the Mesilla Basin near Las Cruces, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T20:08:00.059709","indexId":"wri844190","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4190","title":"Geohydrology of the aquifer in the Santa Fe Group, northern West Mesa of the Mesilla Basin near Las Cruces, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Because of the heterogeneity of the Santa Fe Group, New Mexico, the hydrologic characteristics of the aquifer vary substantially from place to place. Hydraulic conductivities of 12 and 30 feet per day were estimated from aquifer tests for two wells in the eastern one-half of the study area. Well yields in the western one-half of the study area generally are less than 5 gallons per minute. Some of the well yields in the eastern one-half of the study area are greater than 1,000 gallons per minute. Ground water flows southeastward across the western one-half of the study area at a gradient of about 50 feet per mile. Across the eastern one-half of the study area, ground water flows southeastward at a gradient of less than 5 feet per mile. Dissolved-solids concentrations in groundwater range from 906 to 1,470 milligrams per liter in the western one-half of the study area and from 378 to 556 milligrams per liter in the eastern one-half.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844190","usgsCitation":"Myers, R.G., and Orr, B.R., 1985, Geohydrology of the aquifer in the Santa Fe Group, northern West Mesa of the Mesilla Basin near Las Cruces, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4190, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844190.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414655,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36053.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57687,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4190/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Las Cruces","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.83843928636912,\n 32.292037090742866\n ],\n [\n -107.03898267215521,\n 32.292037090742866\n ],\n [\n -107.03898267215521,\n 32.093231573912306\n ],\n [\n -106.83843928636912,\n 32.093231573912306\n ],\n [\n -106.83843928636912,\n 32.292037090742866\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a888c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, R. G.","contributorId":30642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, B. R.","contributorId":46545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29669,"text":"wri844128 - 1985 - A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:23:59.479672","indexId":"wri844128","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4128","title":"A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California","docAbstract":"A conceptual groundwater-quality monitoring network was developed for San Fernando Valley to provide the California State Water Resources Control Board with an integrated, basinwide control system to monitor the quality of groundwater. The geology, occurrence and movement of groundwater, land use, background water quality, and potential sources of pollution were described and then considered in designing the conceptual monitoring network. The network was designed to monitor major known and potential point and nonpoint sources of groundwater contamination over time. The network is composed of 291 sites where wells are needed to define the groundwater quality. The ideal network includes four specific-purpose networks to monitor (1) ambient water quality, (2) nonpoint sources of pollution, (3) point sources of pollution, and (4) line sources of pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844128","usgsCitation":"Setmire, J.G., 1985, A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4128, Report: iv, 49 p.; 6 Plates: 35.96 x 24.93 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844128.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 49 p.; 6 Plates: 35.96 x 24.93 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415361,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36006.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58497,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58496,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58495,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58494,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58493,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58492,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Fernando Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.083\n ],\n [\n -118.196,\n 34.083\n ],\n [\n -118.196,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6b000d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Setmire, J. G.","contributorId":16818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setmire","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28497,"text":"wri844351 - 1985 - A preliminary evaluation of hydrology and water quality near the Tacoma landfill, Pierce County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:37:41.574409","indexId":"wri844351","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4351","title":"A preliminary evaluation of hydrology and water quality near the Tacoma landfill, Pierce County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Tacoma landfill, located in western Pierce County, Washington, has been used for the disposal of waste since about 1960. Disposal operations are planned to continue at this site until at least 1990. Data were compiled and interpreted to help understand the possible effects of the landfill on water quality in the surrounding area. Data were collected from published and unpublished reports of the U.S. Geological Survey, and from predominantly unpublished data in the files of other government agencies. The Tacoma landfill is underlain by unconsolidated, glacially derived deposits that consist of a wide variety of mixtures of clay to boulder-sized materials. Ground water is mostly the result of rainfall on the land surface, and moves through artesian aquifers (under the landfill) that are tapped for both domestic and municipal use. Hazardous liquid and dissolved wastes are probably present in the landfill, and potential flow paths for waste migration exist. An undetermined number of single-family domestic wells and 18 public-supply wells are within 3 miles of the landfill, three as close as 0.2 miles. There is only limited evidence indicating ground- and surface-water contamination. Further investigations of the geology, hydrology and water quality are needed to characterize the impact the landfill has on ground- and surface-water of the surrounding area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844351","usgsCitation":"Lum, W., and Turney, G.L., 1985, A preliminary evaluation of hydrology and water quality near the Tacoma landfill, Pierce County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4351, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844351.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57299,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4351/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4351/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36184.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Tacoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.543,\n 47.239\n ],\n [\n -122.543,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -122.457,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -122.457,\n 47.239\n ],\n [\n -122.543,\n 47.239\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4964e4b0b290850ef1eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E.","contributorId":57847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turney, G. L.","contributorId":95070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27238,"text":"wri844348 - 1985 - Effects of increased pumpage on a fractured-bedrock aquifer system in central Orange County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T20:39:49.294109","indexId":"wri844348","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4348","title":"Effects of increased pumpage on a fractured-bedrock aquifer system in central Orange County, New York","docAbstract":"The bedrock in central Orange County consists of highly indurated siltstone, shale, and conglomerate containing two major fault systems and extensive fracturing; it is overlain by 50 to 100 feet of till. The fracturing permits unusually high well yields. Wells tapping the bedrock yield 75 to 200 gallons per minute; those tapping bedrock in adjacent areas yield only a few tens of gallons per minute. The bedrock aquifer is recharged mainly by percolation of water from precipitation through the till. In 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey studied the hydrologic effects of increased pumpage on the fractured bedrock aquifer system near the Village of Kiryas Joel, in the Town of Monroe. Water levels were measured in several wells in the village 's two well fields from February to October 1983, and pumpage data from the same period were tabulated. Water levels responded to variations in both pumpage and precipitation. Pumping tests and water levels in the southeastern well field in 1983 had no effect on the northwestern well field. An observation well between the two fields shows about 20 feet of seasonal fluctuation from recharge and the effects of pumping at the northwestern well field. Aquifer-test data indicate a transmissivity of 900 feet squared per day and a storage coefficient of 0.0001.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844348","usgsCitation":"Garber, M., 1985, Effects of increased pumpage on a fractured-bedrock aquifer system in central Orange County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4348, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844348.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415469,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36182.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126634,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4348/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56102,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4348/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Orange County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.187,\n 41.356\n ],\n [\n -74.187,\n 41.324\n ],\n [\n -74.149,\n 41.324\n ],\n [\n -74.149,\n 41.356\n ],\n [\n -74.187,\n 41.356\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garber, Murray","contributorId":81951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Murray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28183,"text":"wri854039 - 1985 - Water quality in the Blue Creek arm of Lake Eufaula and Blue Creek, Oklahoma, March-October 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T20:14:39.064405","indexId":"wri854039","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4039","title":"Water quality in the Blue Creek arm of Lake Eufaula and Blue Creek, Oklahoma, March-October 1978","docAbstract":"Based on samples collected bimonthly for major inorganic and trace elements and monthly for biota and bacteria, water from the Blue Creek arm of Lake Eufaula and Blue Creek is suitable for most uses when compared to water-quality standards or criteria. Concentrations of most chemical constituents gradually increased from spring to fall. The concentrations generally were within established drinking-water standards, with the exception of iron and manganese.\r\nUsing water-quality determinations and biologic indicators, the water from Blue Creek arm of Lake Eufaula and Blue Creek is: (1) Soft and acidic with little mineral content and conductivity; (2) calm or very slowly moving; and (3) warm and enriched with organic matter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854039","usgsCitation":"Kurklin, J., 1985, Water quality in the Blue Creek arm of Lake Eufaula and Blue Creek, Oklahoma, March-October 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4039, v, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854039.","productDescription":"v, 91 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36223.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Blue Creek, Lake Eufaula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.64,\n 35.083\n ],\n [\n -95.64,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -95.539,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -95.539,\n 35.083\n ],\n [\n -95.64,\n 35.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9ae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurklin, J. K.","contributorId":59032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurklin","given":"J. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}