Monogamous birds exhibit considerable interspecific variation in rates of mate fidelity between years, but the reasons for this variation are still poorly understood. In a 4-year study carried out in western Alaska, mate-fidelity rates in Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla; mate fidelity was 47% among pairs where at least one mate returned and 94% among pairs where both mates returned) were substantially higher than in Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri; 25 and 67%, respectively), despite the similar breeding biology of these sibling species. Divorce was not a response to nesting failure in Western Sandpipers, and mate change had no effect on the reproductive performance of either species. Nor were mate-fidelity rates related to differential rates of breeding dispersal, because the species did not differ in site fidelity. Reunited pairs and males that changed mates showed strong site tenacity, while females that changed mates moved farther. Differences in local survival rates or habitat are also unlikely to explain mate fidelity, since the two species did not differ in local survival rates, ϕ (Western Sandpipers: ϕ hat = 0.57 ± 0.05 (mean ± SE), Semipalmated Sandpipers: ϕ hat = 0.66 ± 0.06), and they bred in the same area, sometimes using the same nest cups. Although we were able to reject the above explanations, it was not possible to determine whether mate retention was lower in Western Sandpipers than in Semipalmated Sandpipers because of interspecific differences in mating tactics, time constraints imposed by migration distance, or a combination of these factors. Western Sandpipers exhibited greater sexual size dimorphism, but also migrated for shorter distances and tended to nest earlier and more asynchronously than Semipalmated Sandpipers. Finally, we show that conventional methods underestimate divorce rates, and interspecific comparisons may be biased if breeding-dispersal and recapture rates are not considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z00-146","usgsCitation":"Sandercock, B.K., Lank, D.B., Lanctot, R.B., Kempenaers, B., and Cooke, F., 2000, Ecological correlates of mate fidelity in two Arctic-breeding sandpipers: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 78, no. 11, p. 1948-1958, https://doi.org/10.1139/z00-146.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1948","endPage":"1958","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"78","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42539e4b0c825128ad46a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandercock, Brett K.","contributorId":95816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandercock","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lank, David B.","contributorId":42533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lank","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":29801,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooke, Fred","contributorId":181599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":29801,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182055,"text":"70182055 - 2000 - Molecular genetic status of Aleutian Canada Geese from Buldir and the Semidi Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:21:33","indexId":"70182055","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular genetic status of Aleutian Canada Geese from Buldir and the Semidi Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"We conducted genetic analyses of Aleutian Canada Geese (Branta canadensis leucopareia) from Buldir Island in the western Aleutians and the Semidi Islands in the eastern portion of their breeding range. We compared data from seven microsatellite DNA loci and 143 base pairs of the control region of mitochondrial DNA from the two populations of Aleutian Canada Geese and another small-bodied subspecies, the Cackling Canada Goose (B. c. minima) which nests in western Alaska. The widely separated island-nesting Aleutian geese were genetically more closely related to each other than to mainland-nesting small-bodied geese. The populations of Aleutian geese were genetically differentiated from one another in terms of mitochondrial DNA haplotype and microsatellite allele frequencies, suggesting limited contemporary gene flow and/or major shifts in gene frequency through genetic drift. The degree of population genetic differentiation suggests that Aleutian Canada Goose populations could be considered separate management units. There was some evidence of population bottlenecks, although we found no significant genetic evidence of non-random mating or inbreeding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0172:MGSOAC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierson, B.J., Pearce, J.M., Talbot, S.L., Shields, G.F., and Scribner, K.T., 2000, Molecular genetic status of Aleutian Canada Geese from Buldir and the Semidi Islands, Alaska: The Condor, v. 102, no. 1, p. 172-180, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0172:MGSOAC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands, Buldir Island, Semidi Islands, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -184.23454284667966,\n 52.282862080335846\n ],\n [\n -183.95233154296875,\n 52.282862080335846\n ],\n [\n -183.95233154296875,\n 52.42964095188324\n ],\n [\n -184.23454284667966,\n 52.42964095188324\n ],\n [\n -184.23454284667966,\n 52.282862080335846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.11273193359375,\n 55.910733545723346\n ],\n [\n -156.4288330078125,\n 55.910733545723346\n ],\n [\n -156.4288330078125,\n 56.32719809668835\n ],\n [\n -157.11273193359375,\n 56.32719809668835\n ],\n [\n -157.11273193359375,\n 55.910733545723346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.5966796875,\n 58.10110549730587\n ],\n [\n -159.63134765625,\n 58.10110549730587\n ],\n [\n -159.63134765625,\n 61.48075950007598\n ],\n [\n -166.5966796875,\n 61.48075950007598\n ],\n [\n -166.5966796875,\n 58.10110549730587\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57702e4b057081a24ee62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Barbara J. 0000-0001-8233-874X bpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-874X","contributorId":194939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Barbara","email":"bpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shields, Gerald F.","contributorId":149916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196247,"text":"70196247 - 2000 - Survival and brood rearing ecology of emperor geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T12:05:37","indexId":"70196247","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Survival and brood rearing ecology of emperor geese","docAbstract":"Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) breed on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in an area inhabited by three other goose species. Whereas populations of other geese increased since the mid 1980s, Emperor Goose numbers remained low. Because survival and habitat selection by broods of Emeperor Geese had not been studied previously and numbers of predatory Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) had recently increased, I studied brood rearing ecology of Emperor Geese during 1993-1996 to assess whether this seasonal period could be limiting population growth. Survival of goslings to 30 days varied among years from 0.32 to 0.70 and was primarily influenced by mortality during the first five days after hatch. Other goose species with similar rates of gosling survival are increasing rapidly. Survival of Emperor Goose goslings was lowest in 1994, when unusually heavy rainfall occurred during early brood rearing. Using a long-term data set from Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, sizes of families in fall (n=23 years) were related to rainfall during early brood rearing. Gosling survival was lower and gull disturbance of broods greater in 1993-1994 than in 1995-1996. Although goslings wer commonly consumed by Glaucous Gulls, gull diets during 1993 were similar to those observed in the 1970s. Across a broad scale, broods of Emperor Geese (n=56) strongly selected habitats dominated by Carex subspathaceae, Carex ramenskii, and unvegetated areas interspersed among these forage species, as determined from telemetry. These selected habitats comprised one-third of all available habitat. Habitat selection by the composite goose community (dominated by Cackling Canada Geese [Branta canadensis minima]) was assessed by feces collections and differed substantially from that of Emperor Geese. Broods of Emperor Geese spent more time feeding during 1993-1996 than during an earlier study in 1985-1986. During 1994-1996, feeding rates of gosling and adult females was related more to total goose density than to Emperor Goose density. Although Cackling Canada Geese exhibited strongest selection of other habitats, their greater overall abundance resulted in numerical equivalence to Emperor Geese in habitats preferred by Emperor Geese. Interspecific competition for food has impacted behavior in Emperor Geese, which may impact growth and survival of juvenile geese.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 2000, Survival and brood rearing ecology of emperor geese, 138 p.","productDescription":"138 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11122/4995"}],"publicComments":"PhD Dissertation, University of Alaska - Fairbanks","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff104be4b0da30c1bfd27c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187942,"text":"70187942 - 2000 - Monitoring seabird populations in areas of oil and gas development on the Alaskan Continental Shelf: A computerized pelagic seabird atlas for Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:30:26","indexId":"70187942","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Monitoring seabird populations in areas of oil and gas development on the Alaskan Continental Shelf: A computerized pelagic seabird atlas for Alaska","docAbstract":"Seabirds are the most visible and vulnerable victims of oil pollution in marine waters. As demonstrated by the \"Exxon Valdez\" spill (Piatt et al. 1990), we cannot predict when or where an accident leading to pollution might occur in Alaska, or where oil will eventually end up traveling from a point source of pollution. It is therefore prudent to document the abundance and distribution of seabirds throughout Alaska in order to: i) assist in the planning and development of future oil fields, ii) identify areas with significant and predictable aggregations of seabirds so that these areas might be avoided, if possible, in the extraction and shipment of oil, and, iii) mitigate and assess the impact of oil pollution if and when it occurs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minerals Management Service","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Ford, R.G., 2000, Monitoring seabird populations in areas of oil and gas development on the Alaskan Continental Shelf: A computerized pelagic seabird atlas for Alaska, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341729,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/Alaska-Reports-2000/"}],"publicComments":"OCS Study MMS 2000-072; Final Report to Minerals Management Service","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bcfe4b0b7ff9fb489b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, R. Glenn","contributorId":75793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184360,"text":"70184360 - 2000 - Historic and current use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T17:48:51.46317","indexId":"70184360","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2665,"text":"Marine Fisheries Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Historic and current use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas","title":"Historic and current use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas","docAbstract":"Dedicated at-sea surveys for marine birds and mammals conducted in lower Cook Inlet in late July and early August from 1995–99 failed to locate any belugas, Delphinapterus leucas. Surveys covered a total of 6,249 linear km and were conducted in both nearshore and offshore habitats. Sightings included 791 individual marine mammals of 10 species. Both historical data and local knowledge indicate that belugas were regularly seen in summer in nearshore and offshore areas of lower Cook Inlet up until the early 1990’s. Diminished presence of belugas in lower Cook Inlet may be a direct function of reduced numbers but may also indicate changes in habitat quality that may inhibit recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"United States National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"Speckman, S., and Piatt, J.F., 2000, Historic and current use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas: Marine Fisheries Review, v. 63, no. 2, p. 22-26.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337004,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/historic-and-current-use-lower-cook-inlet-alaska-belugas-delphinapterus-leucas"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.115966796875,\n 58.04300405858762\n ],\n [\n -149.93041992187497,\n 58.04300405858762\n ],\n [\n -149.93041992187497,\n 60.87166070999515\n ],\n [\n -155.115966796875,\n 60.87166070999515\n ],\n [\n -155.115966796875,\n 58.04300405858762\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12663e4b014cc3a3d3515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184260,"text":"70184260 - 2000 - Comparisons of methods for determining dominance rank in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogastor)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T12:12:06","indexId":"70184260","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of methods for determining dominance rank in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogastor)","docAbstract":"Dominance ranks in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) were determined from 6 measurements that mimicked environmental situations that might be encountered by prairie voles in communal groups, including agonistic interactions resulting from competition for food and water and encounters in burrows. Male and female groups of 6 individuals each were tested against one another in pairwise encounters (i.e., dyads) for 5 of the measurements and together as a group in a 6th measurement. Two types of response variables, aggressive behaviors and possession time of a limiting resource, were collected during trials, and those data were used to determine cardinal ranks and principal component ranks for all animals within each group. Cardinal ranks and principal component ranks seldom yielded similar rankings for each animal across measurements. However, dominance measurements that were conducted in similar environmental contexts, regardless of the response variable recorded, ranked animals similarly. Our results suggest that individual dominance measurements assessed situation- or resource-specific responses. Our study demonstrates problems inherent in determining dominance rankings of individuals within groups, including choosing measurements, response variables, and statistical techniques. Researchers should avoid using a single measurement to represent social dominance until they have first demonstrated that a dominance relationship between 2 individuals has been learned (i.e., subsequent interactions show a reduced response rather than an escalation), that this relationship is relatively constant through time, and that the relationship is not context dependent. Such assessments of dominance status between all dyads then can be used to generate dominance rankings within social groups.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0734:COMFDD>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., and Best, L.B., 2000, Comparisons of methods for determining dominance rank in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogastor): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 81, no. 3, p. 734-745, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0734:COMFDD>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"734","endPage":"745","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0734:comfdd>2.3.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, Louis B.","contributorId":52525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185094,"text":"70185094 - 2000 - Response of geese to aircraft disturbances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:26:43","indexId":"70185094","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5319,"text":"Terra Borealis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Response of geese to aircraft disturbances","docAbstract":"Low-flying aircraft can affect behavior, physiology, and distribution of wildlife (Manci et al., 1988), and over time, may impact a population by reducing survival and reproductive performance. Thus, it is important to identify the particular aspects of overflights that affect animals so that management strategies can be developed to minimize adverse effects.
Waterfowl are particularly sensitive to low-flying aircraft (Manci et al., 1988) and respond at all stages of their annual cycle, including breeding (Gollop et al., 1974a; Laing, 1991), molting (Derksen et al., 1979; Mosbech and Glahder, 1991), migration (Jones and Jones, 1966; Belanger and Bedard, 1989), and wintering (Owens, 1977; Kramer et al., 1979; Henry, 1980). Waterfowl response can be quite variable both within and among species (Fleming et al., 1996). For example, response can vary with age, sex, and body condition of individual, habitat type and quality, and previous exposure to aircraft (Dahlgren and Korshgen, 1992). However, the most important factors influencing a response are aircraft type (Davis and Wiseley, 1974; Jensen, 1990), noise (Mosbech and Glahder, 1991; Temple, 1993), and proximity to the birds, as measured in altitude and lateral distance (Derksen et al., 1979; Belanger and Bedard, 1989; Ward et al., 1994). Wildlife managers can reduce impacts on a population by controlling or modifying these factors.
In an experimental study conducted at Izembek Lagoon in southwestern Alaska in 1985-1988 (Ward and Stehn, 1989), we conducted planned aircraft overflights with control of aircraft type, noise, altitude, and lateral distance to flocks (hereafter called lateral distance) to measure behavioral response of fall-staging Pacific brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) and Canada geese (B. canadensis taverneri) to fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. These data were then used to develop predictive models of the relationship between aircraft type, noise, altitude, and lateral distance and the response of geese (Ward et al., 1989). We also developed a simulation model incorporating energy intake and daily energy costs to assess the long-term consequences of repeated overflights on the ability of brant to obtain sufficient energy reserves necessary for fall migration and over winter survival (Ward and Stehn, 1989).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of noise on wildlife conference (Terra Borealis no. 2)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Effects of noise on wildlife conference","conferenceDate":"August 22-23, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Institute for Environmental Monitoring and Research","publisherLocation":"Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada","issn":"14810336","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Stehn, R.A., and Derksen, D.V., 2000, Response of geese to aircraft disturbances, in Effects of noise on wildlife conference (Terra Borealis no. 2), v. 2, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada, August 22-23, 2000, p. 52-55.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Izembek Lagoon","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c9012ae4b0849ce97abd26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A.","contributorId":83986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187686,"text":"70187686 - 2000 - The bedrock geology of Seattle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-14T09:08:31","indexId":"70187686","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5396,"text":" Northwest Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":15}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"The bedrock geology of Seattle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in two tributary streams (about 20 km apart) of the same lake were compared for temporal variation in phenotypic (length, depth adjusted for length) and genotypic (six microsatellite loci) traits. Peak run time (July 16 versus 11 August) and run duration (43 versus 26 d) differed between streams. Populations were sampled twice, including an overlapping point in time. Divergence at microsatellite loci followed a temporal cline: Population sample groups collected at the same time were not different (F ST = 0), whereas those most separated in time were different (F ST = 0.011, P = 0.001). Although contemporaneous sample groups did not differ significantly in microsatellite genotypes (F ST = 0), phenotypic traits did differ significantly (MANOVA, P < 0.001). Fish from the larger stream were larger; fish from the smaller stream were smaller, suggesting differential fitness related to size. Results indicate run time differences among and within sockeye salmon populations may strongly influence levels of gene flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1031:TVIPAG>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Woody, C.A., Olsen, J.B., Reynolds, J.H., and Bentzen, P., 2000, Temporal variation in phenotypic and genotypic traits in two sockeye salmon populations, Tustumena Lake, Alaska: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 4, p. 1031-1043, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1031:TVIPAG>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tustumena Lake","volume":"129","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba422e4b0849ce97dc798","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":174632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Joel H.","contributorId":140498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bentzen, Paul","contributorId":176178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bentzen","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185292,"text":"70185292 - 2000 - Densities of Barrow's goldeneyes during winter in Prince William Sound, Alaska in relation to habitat, food, and history of oil contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T12:51:43","indexId":"70185292","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Densities of Barrow's goldeneyes during winter in Prince William Sound, Alaska in relation to habitat, food, and history of oil contamination","docAbstract":"We evaluated variation in densities of Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) during winter at 214 sites within oiled and unoiled study areas in Prince William Sound, Alaska in relation to physical habitat attributes, prey biomass, and history of habitat contamination by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Using general linear model analyses, we found that goldeneye densities were positively associated with occurrence of a stream within 200 m, lack of exposure to wind and waves, and mixed (versus rocky) substrate. We speculate that these associations relate to habitat profitability via selection of beneficial attributes and avoidance of detrimental features. We also determined that biomass of blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus), the primary prey, was not related to Barrow's Goldeneye densities; we suggest that mussel standing stock exceeds predation demands in our study areas and, thus, does not dictate goldeneye distribution. After accounting for habitat effects, we detected no effect of history of oil contamination on Barrow's Goldeneye densities, suggesting that populations have recovered from the oil spill. Although other studies documented hydrocarbon exposure in Barrow's Goldeneyes through at least 1997, either the level of exposure did not affect populations via reductions in survival, or effects of oil exposure were offset by immigration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1522179","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Bowman, T.D., O’Clair, C.E., Dean, T.A., and McDonald, L.L., 2000, Densities of Barrow's goldeneyes during winter in Prince William Sound, Alaska in relation to habitat, food, and history of oil contamination: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 3, p. 423-429, https://doi.org/10.2307/1522179.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"429","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.282470703125,\n 60.14834108584633\n ],\n [\n -146.97235107421875,\n 60.14834108584633\n ],\n [\n -146.97235107421875,\n 60.593710896628956\n ],\n [\n -148.282470703125,\n 60.593710896628956\n ],\n [\n -148.282470703125,\n 60.14834108584633\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f67375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, Thomas A.","contributorId":187562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dean","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Lyman L.","contributorId":14939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Lyman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185313,"text":"70185313 - 2000 - Foods, trophic relationships, and migration of Sooty and Short-tailed Shearwaters associated with squid and large-mesh driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T13:08:18","indexId":"70185313","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foods, trophic relationships, and migration of Sooty and Short-tailed Shearwaters associated with squid and large-mesh driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"We salvaged dead birds from high seas driftnets in the Central North Pacific Ocean during a study of the impact of high seas driftnet fishing on marine ecosystems. Digestive tract contents and stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in breast muscles of these birds were analyzed to assess the effect of driftnets on the trophic relationships of marine birds. The diets of Sooty (Puffinus griseus) and Short-tailed (P. tenuirostris) Shearwaters associated with high seas driftnets in the transitional region of the North Pacific Ocean overlap broadly. The principal differences between them include 1) Sooties prey more heavily on immature stages of invertebrates, especially the barnacle Lepas fascicularis than do Short-tails, 2) Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) are the primary fish taken by Sooties while lanternfish (Myctophidae) are the primary fish taken by Short-tails, and 3) Sooties take a wider variety of prey than do Short-tails. During the last years of extensive high seas driftnet fishing (early 1990's), both shearwaters augmented their diets with about 15% offal and discards from fishing vessels. Values for stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in breast muscle tissues (δ15N and δ15C) indicate the extent and timing of movements of Sooty Shearwaters: including arrival of migrants from the south Pacific (April-May), east to west movement from the eastern Pacific (May-June), and west to east movement from Japan (August-September). Fall migrant Sooties were not detected. The only movements of Short-tails that we detected were a few south-bound migrants in September-November.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","usgsCitation":"Gould, P.J., Ostrom, P., and Walker, W., 2000, Foods, trophic relationships, and migration of Sooty and Short-tailed Shearwaters associated with squid and large-mesh driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 2, p. 165-186.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"186","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://waterbirds.org/journal/online-access/","text":"Online Access to Issues of 'Waterbirds'"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific Ocean","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f67373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gould, Patrick J.","contributorId":11667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostrom, Peggy H.","contributorId":55736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostrom","given":"Peggy H.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, William","contributorId":181598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":24829,"text":"National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185320,"text":"70185320 - 2000 - Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T13:22:35","indexId":"70185320","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"We examined effects of season, time of day, tide stage, tidal oscillation, and sea surface temperature on Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) abundance and distribution at sea. We also evaluated whether constraining surveys to specific time periods or tide stages would reduce temporal variability in counts. Murrelets were surveyed daily from small boats and from shore in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August in 1992 and 1993. Murrelet numbers were high before egg-laying, declined by more than half during egg-laying and incubation and were highly variable during chick-rearing and fledging. Murrelet numbers were highest in early and late morning and declined throughout the day, sometimes increasing slightly in the evening. Peak murrelet numbers occurred on high or falling morning tides, especially in shallow areas where Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) were abundant. Differences between years in murrelet abundance and breeding phenology probably resulted from interannual differences in the pattern of seasonal warming and subsequent effects on production at lower trophic levels. We recommend that surveys for trends in abundance in Southeast Alaska be conducted in early morning, in June, at high or falling tides. Power analyses indicated that surveys conducted in this manner would minimize the number of years required to detect a significant change in abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1522174","usgsCitation":"Speckman, S., Springer, A.M., Piatt, J.F., and Thomas, D., 2000, Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 3, p. 364-377, https://doi.org/10.2307/1522174.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Auke Bay, Fritz Cove","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.71023559570312,\n 58.30750484708284\n ],\n [\n -134.60037231445312,\n 58.30750484708284\n ],\n [\n -134.60037231445312,\n 58.38965714104483\n ],\n [\n -134.71023559570312,\n 58.38965714104483\n ],\n [\n -134.71023559570312,\n 58.30750484708284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f67371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, Alan M. ams@ims.uaf.edu","contributorId":172461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Alan","email":"ams@ims.uaf.edu","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Dana","contributorId":187556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185536,"text":"70185536 - 2000 - Proceedings of a workshop concerning walrus survey methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:52:14","indexId":"70185536","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"MMM 00-2","title":"Proceedings of a workshop concerning walrus survey methods","docAbstract":"In March 2000, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey hosted a workshop to evaluate various techniques and approaches to estimate the size and trend of the Pacific walrus population. Workshop participants included American and Russian experts in walrus biology and survey design, subsistence hunters, and resource managers. Workshop participants reviewed previous efforts to survey the Pacific walrus population and identified problems that were encountered in designing and conducting those surveys. The group also summarized survey conditions by season and evaluated potential tools and techniques for surveying walrus populations.
","conferenceTitle":"Workshop Concerning Walrus Survey Methods","conferenceDate":"March 27-28, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Garlich-Miller, J.L., and Jay, C.V., 2000, Proceedings of a workshop concerning walrus survey methods: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report MMM 00-2, 92 p.","productDescription":"92 p.","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df06e4b05ec79911d1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garlich-Miller, Joel L.","contributorId":10696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182193,"text":"70182193 - 2000 - Magma storage and mixing conditions for the 1953-1974 eruption of Southwest Trident volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:09:42","indexId":"70182193","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma storage and mixing conditions for the 1953-1974 eruption of Southwest Trident volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"Between 1953 and 1974, approximately 0.5 km3 of andesite and dacite erupted from a new vent on the southwest flank of Trident volcano in Katmai National Park, Alaska, forming an edifice now known as Southwest (or New) Trident. Field, analytical, and experimental evidence shows that the eruption commenced soon after mixing of dacite and andesite magmas at shallow crustal levels. Four lava flows (58.3–65.5 wt% SiO2) are the dominant products of the eruption; these contain discrete andesitic enclaves (55.8–58.9 wt% SiO2) as well as micro- and macro-scale compositional banding. Tephra from the eruption spans the same compositional range as lava flows; however, andesite scoria (56–58.1 wt% SiO2) is more abundant relative to dacite tephra, and is the explosively erupted counterpart to andesite enclaves. Fe–Ti oxide pairs from andesite scoria show a limited temperature range, clustered around 1000 °C. Temperatures from grains found in dacite lavas possess a wider range; however, cores from large (>100 μm) magnetite and coexisting ilmenite give temperatures of ∼890 °C, taken to represent a pre-mixing temperature for the dacite. Water contents from dacite phenocryst melt inclusions and phase equilibria experiments on the andesite imply that the two magmas last resided at a water pressure of 90 MPa, and contained ∼3.5 wt% H2O, equivalent to 3 km depth if saturated. Unzoned pyroxene and sodic plagioclase in the dacite suggest that it likely underwent significant crystallization at this depth; highly resorbed anorthitic plagioclase from the andesite suggests that it originated at greater depths and underwent relatively rapid ascent until it reached 3 km, mixed with dacite, and erupted. Diffusion profiles in phenocrysts suggest that mixing preceded eruption of earliest lava by approximately one month. The lack of a compositional gap in the erupted rock suite indicates that thorough mixing of the andesite and dacite occurred quickly, via disaggregation of enclaves, phenocryst transfer from one magma to another, and direct mixing of compositionally distinct melt phases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004100000166","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Eichelberger, J.C., and Rutherford, M.J., 2000, Magma storage and mixing conditions for the 1953-1974 eruption of Southwest Trident volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 140, no. 1, p. 99-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100000166.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park, Trident volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 58.04736494678224\n ],\n [\n -154.83306884765625,\n 58.04736494678224\n ],\n [\n -154.83306884765625,\n 58.431919821835315\n ],\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 58.431919821835315\n ],\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 58.04736494678224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"140","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e32e4b0ce4410e7d610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eichelberger, John C.","contributorId":64971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutherford, Malcom J.","contributorId":102368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"Malcom","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182186,"text":"70182186 - 2000 - Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:12:48","indexId":"70182186","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds","docAbstract":"Metapopulation theory has proven useful for understanding the population structure and dynamics of many species of conservation concern. The metapopulation concept has been applied almost exclusively to nonmigratory species, however, for which subpopulation demographic independence—a requirement for a classically defined metapopulation - is explicitly related to geographic distribution and dispersal probabilities. Defining the degree of demographic independence among subpopulations of migratory animals, and thus the applicability of metapopulation theory as a conceptual framework for understanding population dynamics, is much more difficult. Unlike nonmigratory species, subpopulations of migratory animals cannot be defined as synonymous with geographic areas. Groups of migratory birds that are geographically separate at one part of the annual cycle may occur together at others, but co-occurrence in time and space does not preclude the demographic independence of subpopulations. I suggest that metapopulation theory can be applied to migratory species but that understanding the degree of subpopulation independence may require information about both spatial distribution throughout the annual cycle and behavioral mechanisms that may lead to subpopulation demographic independence. The key for applying metapopulation theory to migratory animals lies in identifying demographically independent subpopulations, even as they move during the annual cycle and potentially co-occur with other subpopulations. Using examples of migratory bird species, I demonstrate that spatial and temporal modes of subpopulation independence can interact with behavioral mechanisms to create demographically independent subpopulations, including cases in which subpopulations are not spatially distinct in some parts of the annual cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98147.x","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., 2000, Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds: Conservation Biology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 366-372, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98147.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e32e4b0ce4410e7d612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184408,"text":"70184408 - 2000 - Cytochrome P450 1A induction in sea ducks inhabiting nearshore areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T13:17:47","indexId":"70184408","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytochrome P450 1A induction in sea ducks inhabiting nearshore areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Following the Exxon-Valdez oil spill, hepatic rates of EROD activity and thus, P450 1A expression, were significantly higher in harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) and Barrow’s goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) from oiled areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska when compared to birds from unoiled sites. Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure did not account for areal differences in P450 1A induction in harlequin ducks. Background hydrocarbon levels in Prince William Sound were negligible prior to the 1989 oil spill, but remnant Exxon-Valdez oil was still present in nearshore habitats of the spill zone coincident with our study. We conclude that P450 1A induction in sea ducks from areas oiled during the Exxon-Valdez oil spill was likely due to exposure to residual oil. We speculate that biochemical and physiological changes in individuals chronically exposed to oil may be constraining population recovery of some sea duck species affected by the spill.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00236-2","usgsCitation":"Trust, K.A., Esler, D., Woodin, B.R., and Stegeman, J.J., 2000, Cytochrome P450 1A induction in sea ducks inhabiting nearshore areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 40, no. 5, p. 397-403, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00236-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"403","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.348388671875,\n 60.146973929322854\n ],\n [\n -146.8487548828125,\n 60.146973929322854\n ],\n [\n -146.8487548828125,\n 60.5923622983958\n ],\n [\n -148.348388671875,\n 60.5923622983958\n ],\n [\n -148.348388671875,\n 60.146973929322854\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12642e4b014cc3a3d34ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trust, Kimberly A.","contributorId":42503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trust","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodin, Bruce R.","contributorId":96632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodin","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stegeman, John J.","contributorId":55102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stegeman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022444,"text":"70022444 - 2000 - Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:58:34","indexId":"70022444","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record","docAbstract":"Data from a sparse network of climate stations in Alaska were interpolated to provide 1-km resolution maps of mean monthly temperature and precipitation-variables that are required at high spatial resolution for input into regional models of ecological processes and resource management. The interpolation model is based on thin-plate smoothing splines, which uses the spatial data along with a digital elevation model to incorporate local topography. The model provides maps that are consistent with regional climatology and with patterns recognized by experienced weather forecasters. The broad patterns of Alaskan climate are well represented and include latitudinal and altitudinal trends in temperature and precipitation and gradients in continentality. Variations within these broad patterns reflect both the weakening and reduction in frequency of low-pressure centres in their eastward movement across southern Alaska during the summer, and the shift of the storm tracks into central and northern Alaska in late summer. Not surprisingly, apparent artifacts of the interpolated climate occur primarily in regions with few or no stations. The interpolation model did not accurately represent low-level winter temperature inversions that occur within large valleys and basins. Along with well-recognized climate patterns, the model captures local topographic effects that would not be depicted using standard interpolation techniques. This suggests that similar procedures could be used to generate high-resolution maps for other high-latitude regions with a sparse density of data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Fleming, M.D., Chapin, F.S., Cramer, W., Hufford, G.L., and Serreze, M.C., 2000, Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record: Global Change Biology, v. 6, no. S1, p. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x"}],"volume":"6","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a177de4b0c8380cd55506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":98816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapin, F. Stuart III","contributorId":65632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, W.","contributorId":102231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hufford, Gary L.","contributorId":78502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufford","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Serreze, Mark C.","contributorId":98491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serreze","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022454,"text":"70022454 - 2000 - Role of lake regulation on glacier fed rivers in enhancing salmon productivity: The Cook Inlet watershed south central Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022454","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of lake regulation on glacier fed rivers in enhancing salmon productivity: The Cook Inlet watershed south central Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Rivers fed by glaciers constitute a major part of the freshwater runoff into the Cook Inlet basin of south-central Alaska. This basin is very important to the economy of the State of Alaska because it is home to more than half of the population and it supports multi-million dollar commercial, subsistence and sport fisheries. Hence an understanding of how glacial runoff influences biological productivity is important for managing rivers that drain into Cook Inlet. This paper examines the ways in which the regulation of glacier-fed rivers by proglacial lakes affects salmon productivity, with particular reference to the Kenai River. Salmon escapement per unit channel length on the Kenai River is between two and ten times that found for rain-and-snowmelt dominated rivers and glacier-fed rivers lacking lake regulation. Lakes are shown to influence biological processes in glacier-fed rivers by attenuating peak flows, sustaining high flows throughout the summer, supplementing winter low flows, settling suspended sediment, and increasing river temperatures. Downstream from large lakes, glacier-fed rivers are less disturbed, channels are relatively stable and have well-developed salmonid habitats. The positive influences are indicated by the high diversity and abundances of benthic macroinvertebrates, which are important food resources for juvenile salmonids. High summer flows allow access for up-river salmon runs and lakes also provide both overwintering and rearing habitat. Copyright ?? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Rivers fed by glaciers constitute a major part of the freshwater runoff into the Cook Inlet basin of south-central Alaska. This basin is very important to the economy of the State of Alaska because it is home to more than half of the population and it supports multi-million dollar commercial, subsistence and sport fisheries. Hence an understanding of how glacial runoff influences biological productivity is important for managing rivers that drain into Cook Inlet. This paper examines the ways in which the regulation of glacier-fed rivers by proglacial lakes affects salmon productivity, with particular reference to the Kenai River. Salmon escapement per unit channel length on the Kenai River is between two and ten times that found for rain-and-snowmelt dominated rivers and glacier-fed rivers lacking lake regulation. Lakes are shown to influence biological processes in glacier-fed rivers by attenuating peak flows, sustaining high flows throughout the summer, supplementing winter low flows, settling suspended sediment, and increasing river temperatures. Downstream from large lakes, glacier-fed rivers are less disturbed, channels are relatively stable and have well-developed salmonid habitats. The positive influences are indicated by the high diversity and abundances of benthic macroinvertebrates, which are important food resources for juvenile salmonids. High summer flows allow access for up-river salmon runs and lakes also provide both overwintering and rearing habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3149::AID-HYP139>3.0.CO;2-Y","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C., 2000, Role of lake regulation on glacier fed rivers in enhancing salmon productivity: The Cook Inlet watershed south central Alaska, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 3149-3159, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3149::AID-HYP139>3.0.CO;2-Y.","startPage":"3149","endPage":"3159","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206808,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3149::AID-HYP139>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"id":230834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae57e4b0c8380cd87096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022468,"text":"70022468 - 2000 - Orphan caribou, Rangifer tarandus, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:13:55","indexId":"70022468","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orphan caribou, Rangifer tarandus, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data","docAbstract":"Low sample size and high variation within populations reduce power of statistical tests. These aspects of statistical power appear to have affected an analysis comparing overwinter survival rates of non-orphan and orphan Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) calves by an earlier study for the Porcupine Caribou Herd. A re-evaluation of the data revealed that conclusions about a lack of significant difference in the overwinter survival rates between orphan and non-orphan calves were premature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., 2000, Orphan caribou, Rangifer tarandus, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 114, no. 2, p. 322-323.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/index","text":"Journal's Website"}],"volume":"114","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7126e4b0c8380cd764b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022653,"text":"70022653 - 2000 - Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:49:12.157222","indexId":"70022653","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill","title":"Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) life-history characteristics make their populations particularly vulnerable to perturbations during nonbreeding periods. The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill was a major perturbation to nonbreeding habitats of harlequin ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska, which resulted in population injury. To assess the status of population recovery from the oil spill and to evaluate factors potentially constraining full recovery, we used radiotelemetry to examine survival of adult female harlequin ducks during winters of 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98. We implanted 294 harlequin ducks (154 and 140 in oiled and unoiled areas, respectively) with transmitters and tracked their signals from aircraft during October through March. We examined variation in survival rates relative to area and season (early, mid, and late winter) through comparisons of models using Akaike's information criterion (AIC(c)) values. The 3 models best supported by the data indicated that survival of birds in oiled areas was lower than in unoiled areas. Inclusion of standardized body mass during wing molt in the 3 best models did not improve their fit, indicating that body mass during wing molt did not affect subsequent winter survival. In the model that best fit our data, survival was high in early winter for both areas, lower during mid and late winter seasons, and lowest in oiled areas during mid winter. Cumulative winter survival estimated from this model was 78.0% (SE = 3.3%) in oiled areas and 83.7% (SE = 2.9%) in unoiled areas. We determined that area differences in survival were more likely related to oiling history than intrinsic geographic differences. Based on a demographic model, area differences in survival offer a likely mechanism for observed declines in populations on oiled areas. Concurrent studies indicated that harlequin ducks continued to be exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil as much as 9 years after the spill. We suggest that oil exposure, mortality, and population dynamics were linked and conclude that continued effects of the oil spill likely restricted recovery of harlequin duck populations through at least 1998.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802754","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Schmutz, J.A., Jarvis, R.L., and Mulcahy, D., 2000, Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 3, p. 839-847, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802754.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"847","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.63677978515622,\n 60.105932794980426\n ],\n [\n -146.71142578125,\n 60.105932794980426\n ],\n [\n -146.71142578125,\n 60.764525674175374\n ],\n [\n -148.63677978515622,\n 60.764525674175374\n ],\n [\n -148.63677978515622,\n 60.105932794980426\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd15ee4b08c986b32f3b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":394391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarvis, R. L.","contributorId":31697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.M.","contributorId":43302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008268,"text":"1008268 - 2000 - Life history plasticity and population regulation in sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:04:50","indexId":"1008268","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history plasticity and population regulation in sea otters","docAbstract":"We contrasted body condition, and age-specific reproduction and mortality between a growing population of sea otters (Enhydralutris) at Kodiak Island and a high-density near-equilibrium population at Amchitka Island, Alaska. We obtained data from marked individuals, population surveys, and collections of beach-cast carcasses. Mass:length ratios indicated that females (but not males) captured in 1992 at Amchitka were in poorer condition than those captured at Kodiak in 1986–1987. In 1993, the condition of females at Amchitka improved in apparent response to two factors: (1) an episodic influx of Pacific smooth lumpsuckers, Aptocyclus ventricocus, from the epi-pelagic zone, which otters consumed; and (2) an increase in the otters’ benthic invertebrate prey resulting from declining otter numbers. Reproductive rates varied with age (0.37 [CI=0.21 to 0.53] births female−1 yr−1 for 2–3-yr-olds, and 0.83 [CI=0.69 to 0.90] for females ≥4 yr old), and were similar at both areas. Weaning success (pups surviving to ≥120 d), in contrast, was almost 50% lower at Amchitka than at Kodiak and for females ≥4 yr of age was 0.52 (CI=0.38 to 0.66) vs 0.94 (CI=0.75 to 0.99), respectively. Sixty-two percent of the preweaning pup losses at Amchitka occurred within a month of parturition and 79% within two months. Postweaning survival was also low at Amchitka as only 18% of instrumented pups were known to be alive one year after mother-pup separation. Adult survival rates appeared similar at Amchitka and Kodiak. Factors affecting survival early in life thus are a primary demographic mechanism of population regulation in sea otters. By maintaining uniformly high reproductive rates over time and limiting investment in any particular reproductive event, sea otters can take advantage of unpredictable environmental changes favorable to pup survival. This strategy is consistent with predictions of “bet-hedging” life history models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900304.x","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., Estes, J.A., Bodkin, J.L., and Siniff, D.B., 2000, Life history plasticity and population regulation in sea otters: Oikos, v. 90, no. 3, p. 457-468, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900304.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siniff, Donald B.","contributorId":175050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siniff","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008258,"text":"1008258 - 2000 - Inter-decadal change in diet and population of sea otters at Amchitka Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T16:39:18.491398","indexId":"1008258","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-decadal change in diet and population of sea otters at Amchitka Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"After having been hunted to near-extinction in the Pacific maritime fur trade, the sea otter population at Amchitka Island, Alaska increased from very low numbers in the early 1900s to near equilibrium density by the 1940s. The population persisted at or near equilibrium through the 1980s, but declined sharply in the 1990s in apparent response to increased killer whale predation. Sea otter diet and foraging behavior were studied at Amchitka from August 1992 to March 1994 and the data compared with similar information obtained during several earlier periods. In contrast with dietary patterns in the 1960s and 1970s, when the sea otter population was at or near equilibrium density and kelp-forest fishes were the dietary mainstay, these fishes were rarely eaten in the 1990s. Benthic invertebrates, particularly sea urchins, dominated the otter’s diet from early summer to mid-winter, then decreased in importance during late winter and spring when numerous Pacific smooth lumpsuckers (a large and easily captured oceanic fish) were eaten. The occurrence of spawning lumpsuckers in coastal waters apparently is episodic on a scale of years to decades. The otters’ recent dietary shift away from kelp-forest fishes is probably a response to the increased availability of lumpsuckers and sea urchins (both high-preference prey). Additionally, increased urchin densities have reduced kelp beds, thus further reducing the availability of kelp-forest fishes. Our findings suggest that dietary patterns reflect changes in population status and show how an ecosystem normally under top-down control and limited by coastal zone processes can be significantly perturbed by exogenous events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004420000373","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., Siniff, D., and Estes, J.A., 2000, Inter-decadal change in diet and population of sea otters at Amchitka Island, Alaska: Oecologia, v. 124, no. 2, p. 289-298, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000373.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Amchitka Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.76629638671875,\n 51.33833359386697\n ],\n [\n -180.68252563476562,\n 51.35377360451632\n ],\n [\n -180.63034057617188,\n 51.36406405506362\n ],\n [\n -180.6166076660156,\n 51.352058304664325\n ],\n [\n -180.53009033203125,\n 51.36406405506362\n ],\n [\n -180.51773071289062,\n 51.376923867455886\n ],\n [\n -180.58364868164062,\n 51.39577839266317\n ],\n [\n -180.59600830078125,\n 51.41805099864197\n ],\n [\n -180.7086181640625,\n 51.42490192575532\n ],\n [\n -180.73745727539062,\n 51.4163381064004\n ],\n [\n -180.77590942382812,\n 51.44202475087509\n ],\n [\n -180.80337524414062,\n 51.47625114982365\n ],\n [\n -180.83084106445312,\n 51.47368506015889\n ],\n [\n -180.93246459960938,\n 51.52241608253253\n ],\n [\n -180.99563598632812,\n 51.5693878622646\n ],\n [\n -181.00112915039062,\n 51.587309751245456\n ],\n [\n -181.0231018066406,\n 51.59584150020809\n ],\n [\n -181.06842041015625,\n 51.59669458697305\n ],\n [\n -181.07391357421875,\n 51.61716386256088\n ],\n [\n -181.14944458007812,\n 51.63336216118611\n ],\n [\n -181.23733520507812,\n 51.653814904471545\n ],\n [\n -181.26480102539062,\n 51.64614620689681\n ],\n [\n -181.3197326660156,\n 51.66829668266385\n ],\n [\n -181.38153076171872,\n 51.66829668266385\n ],\n [\n -181.40213012695312,\n 51.62910001170426\n ],\n [\n -181.2469482421875,\n 51.56255861691012\n ],\n [\n -181.15493774414062,\n 51.55658218576253\n ],\n [\n -181.07254028320312,\n 51.53864817973767\n ],\n [\n -180.98876953125,\n 51.47026338272035\n ],\n [\n -180.84182739257812,\n 51.389780068199364\n ],\n [\n -180.791015625,\n 51.380352540777984\n ],\n [\n -180.80062866210938,\n 51.355488840149505\n ],\n [\n -180.76629638671875,\n 51.33833359386697\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0c33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, J.","contributorId":64189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siniff, D.B.","contributorId":32869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siniff","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022879,"text":"70022879 - 2000 - Seasonal movements and pelagic habitat use of Murres and Puffins determined by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T16:03:26.91306","indexId":"70022879","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements and pelagic habitat use of Murres and Puffins determined by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"We tracked the movements of Common Murres (Uria aalge), Thick-billed Murres (U. lomvia), and Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) using surgically implanted satellite transmitters. From 1994–1996, we tagged 53 birds from two colonies in the Gulf of Alaska (Middleton Island and Barren Islands) and two colonies in the Chukchi Sea (Cape Thompson and Cape Lisburne). Murres and puffins ranged 100 km or farther from all colonies in summer, but most instrumented birds had abandoned breeding attempts and their movements likely differed from those of actively breeding birds. However, murres whose movements in the breeding period suggested they still had chicks to feed foraged repeatedly at distances of 50–80 km from the Chukchi colonies in 1995. We detected no differences in the foraging patterns of males and females during the breeding season, nor between Thick-billed and Common Murres from mixed colonies. Upon chick departure from the northern colonies, male murres—some believed to be tending their flightless young—drifted with prevailing currents toward Siberia, whereas most females flew directly south toward the Bering Sea. Murres from Cape Thompson and Cape Lisburne shared a common wintering area in the southeastern Bering Sea in 1995, and birds from Cape Lisburne returned to the same area in the winter of 1996. We conclude that differences in foraging conditions during summer rather than differential mortality rates in winter account for contrasting population trends previously documented in those two colonies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/condor/102.1.145","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., Meyers, P., Mulcahy, D., and Douglas, D., 2000, Seasonal movements and pelagic habitat use of Murres and Puffins determined by satellite telemetry: Condor, v. 102, no. 1, p. 145-154, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.145.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479220,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.145","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SOW6V2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking data for Common murres (Uria aalge)"},{"id":438896,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, P.M.","contributorId":80031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.M.","contributorId":43302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1017431,"text":"1017431 - 2000 - Documenting trans-Himalayan migration through satellite telemetry: A report on capture, deployment, and tracking of bar-headed goose (Anser indicus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:05:05","indexId":"1017431","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"displayTitle":"Documenting trans-Himalayan migration through satellite telemetry: A report on capture, deployment, and tracking of bar-headed goose (Anser indicus)","title":"Documenting trans-Himalayan migration through satellite telemetry: A report on capture, deployment, and tracking of bar-headed goose (Anser indicus)","docAbstract":"Animal movement and migration studies have made significant progress with the use of telemetry. Conventional radio telemetry has been used in numerous studies in different regions. However, the use of this technology is restricted to species with limited range of movement. Applying this tool for long distance migrants is usually unsatisfactory. Other challenges such as hilly terrain or dense vegetation, where getting signals and following animals often become major constraints. These problems and the need to track long distance migrants, particularly birds, led to the development of other technologies with greater spatial coverage, accuracy and ease of tracking. Satellite telemetry technology has overcome many of these problems and has become a very useful tool. There is a greater recognition of the use and benefits of this technology among biologists, managers, and various conservation organizations.
Satellite tracking technology has been used extensively in the Western Hemisphere. However until recently, in the Indian sub-continent the use of this technology was limited to one study in 1994 when three Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) were fitted with Platform Terminal Transmitter (PTTs) in Keoladco national Park, Bharatpur and tracked to their Siberian breeding grounds (Higuchi et al., 1994). It took almost six more years for the next international collaborative project to emerge within India. This project, started in winter 1998-99, was the first long-term project using satellite tracking in India (Higuchi et al., 1999). Other than these two studies, no effort has been made previously to demonstrate the use of this technology and its application in the Indian subcontinent.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and allelic frequency data for 12 microsatellite loci were used to analyze population genetic structure and recolonization by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, following the 1991 Cantara spill on the upper Sacramento River, California. Genetic analyses were performed on 1,016 wild rainbow trout collected between 1993 and 1996 from the mainstem and in 8 tributaries. Wild trout genotypes were compared to genotypes for 79 Mount Shasta Hatchery rainbow trout. No genetic heterogeneity was found 2 years after the spill (1993) between tributary populations and geographically proximate mainstem fish, suggesting recolonization of the upper mainstem directly from adjacent tributaries. Trout collections made in 1996 showed significant year-class genetic variation for mtDNA and microsatellites when compared to fish from the same locations in 1993. Five years after the spill, mainstem populations appeared genetically mixed with no significant allelic frequency differences between mainstem populations and geographically proximate tributary trout. In our 1996 samples, we found no significant genetic differences due to season of capture (summer or fall) or sampling technique used to capture rainbow trout, with the exception of trout collected by electrofishing and hook and line near Prospect Avenue. Haplotype and allelic frequencies in wild rainbow trout populations captured in the upper Sacramento River and its tributaries were found to differ genetically from Mount Shasta Hatchery trout for both years, with the notable exception of trout collected in the lower mainstem river near Shasta Lake, where mtDNA and microsatellite data both suggested upstream colonization by hatchery fish from the reservoir. These data suggest that the chemical spill in the upper Sacramento River produced significant effects over time on the genetic population structure of rainbow trout throughout the entire upper river basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","issn":"00081078","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J., Heine, E.L., Gan, C.A., and Fountain, M.C., 2000, Molecular analysis of population genetic structure and recolonization of rainbow trout following the Cantara spill: California Fish and Game, v. 86, no. 1, p. 21-40.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Publications/Journal/Contents#2000","text":"Volume 86 on Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacremento River","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cf1e4b0c8380cd70059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heine, Erika L.","contributorId":108367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heine","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gan, Christina A.","contributorId":96539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gan","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fountain, Monique C.","contributorId":18528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"Monique","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}