{"pageNumber":"203","pageRowStart":"5050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":14824,"text":"ofr86227 - 1986 - Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14824,"text":"ofr86227 - 1986 - Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow","indexId":"ofr86227","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2222,"text":"wsp2308 - 1987 - Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow","indexId":"wsp2308","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2222,"text":"wsp2308 - 1987 - Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow","indexId":"wsp2308","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T10:52:38","indexId":"ofr86227","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-227","title":"Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow","docAbstract":"<p>The theory of anisotropic aquifer hydraulic properties and a computer program, written in Fortran 77, developed to compute the components of the anisotropic transmissivity tensor of two-dimensional groundwater flow are described. To determine the tensor components using one pumping well and three observation wells, the type-curve and straight-line approximation methods are developed. These methods are based on the equation of drawdown developed for two-dimensional nonsteady flow in an infinite anisotropic aquifer. To determine tensor components using more than three observation wells, a weighted least squares optimization procedure is described for use with the type-curve and straight-line approximation methods. The computer program described in this report allows the type-curve, straight-line approximation, and weighted least squares optimization methods to be used in conjunction with data from observation and pumping wells. Three example applications using the computer program and field data gathered during geohydrologic investigations at a site near Dawsonville, Georgia , are provided to illustrate the use of the computer program. The example applications demonstrate the use of the type-curve method using three observation wells, the weighted least squares optimization method using eight observation wells and equal weighting, and the weighted least squares optimization method using eight observation wells and unequal weighting. Results obtained using the computer program indicate major transmissivity in the range of 347-296 sq ft/day, minor transmissivity in the range of 139-99 sq ft/day, aquifer anisotropy in the range of 3.54 to 2.14, principal direction of flow in the range of N. 45.9 degrees E. to N. 58.7 degrees E., and storage coefficient in the range of 0.0063 to 0.0037. The numerical results are in good agreement with field data gathered on the weathered crystalline rocks underlying the investigation site. Supplemental material provides definitions of variables, data requirements and corresponding formats, input data and output results for the example applications, and a listing of the Fortran 77 computer code. (Author's abstract)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86227","usgsCitation":"Maslia, M., and Randolph, R., 1986, Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-227, v, 64 p.  , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86227.","productDescription":"v, 64 p.  ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0227/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369735,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a01c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maslia, M.L.","contributorId":24090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslia","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randolph, R.B.","contributorId":38606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":15628,"text":"ofr85699 - 1986 - Irrigation data from Castro and Parmer Counties, Texas, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-12T14:14:39","indexId":"ofr85699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-699","title":"Irrigation data from Castro and Parmer Counties, Texas, 1983-84","docAbstract":"<p>Castro and and Parmer Counties, with an estimated 700,000 acres under irrigation, are two of the leading agricultural counties in Texas.</p>\n<p>This report summarizes irrigation data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at 64 randomly-selected sites as part of a study to better define the relationship between pumpage for irrigation and return flow to the High Plains aquifer from applied water (irrigation plus precipitation). The irrigation data include well yields, time of operation, fuel consumption, and water applied to individual crops for the 1983 and 1984 growing seasons. The average water application rate for corn was 35.1 inches in 1983 and 31.5 inches in 1984; the rate for cotton was 12.4 inches in 1983 and 13.7 inches in 1984; and the rate for wheat was 15.5 inches in 1984.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr85699","usgsCitation":"Rettman, P.L., and McAdoo, G.D., 1986, Irrigation data from Castro and Parmer Counties, Texas, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-699, Report: iv, 36 p.; Plate: 21.73 x 10.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85699.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; Plate: 21.73 x 10.30 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":44591,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0699/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44592,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0699/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0699/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Castro County, Parmer County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.1727,34.7475],[-101.9959,34.7479],[-101.9963,34.3099],[-102.0909,34.3096],[-102.5255,34.3114],[-102.614,34.3109],[-103.0424,34.31],[-103.0426,34.3676],[-103.0424,34.7472],[-102.7748,34.7461],[-102.5269,34.7467],[-102.1727,34.7475]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Castro\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rettman, Paul L.","contributorId":6456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAdoo, Gene D.","contributorId":173659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAdoo","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16361,"text":"ofr87309 - 1986 - Vector data structure conversion at the EROS Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T15:04:26","indexId":"ofr87309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-309","title":"Vector data structure conversion at the EROS Data Center","docAbstract":"<p>With the increasing prevalence of GIS systems and the processing of spatial data, conversion of data from one system to another has become a more serious problem. This report describes the approach taken to arrive at a solution at the EROS Data Center. </p><p>The report consists of a main section and a number of appendices. The methodology is described in the main section, while the appendices have system specific descriptions. The overall approach is based on a central conversion hub consisting of a relational database manager and associated tools, with a standard data structure for the transfer of spatial data. This approach is the best compromise between the two goals of reducing the overall interfacing effort and producing efficient system interfaces, while the tools can be used to arrive at a progression of interface sophistication ranging from toolbench to smooth flow. </p><p>The appendices provide detailed information on a number of spatial data handling systems and data structures and existing interfaces as well as interfaces developed with the described methodology. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87309","usgsCitation":"van Roessel, J.W., and Doescher, S.W., 1986, Vector data structure conversion at the EROS Data Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-309, vii, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87309.","productDescription":"vii, 134 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45283,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60274f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Roessel, Jan W.","contributorId":35745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Roessel","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":172724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doescher, S. W.","contributorId":87557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doescher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28550,"text":"wri864196 - 1986 - Directions and rates of ground-water movement in the vicinity of Kesterson Reservoir, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri864196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4196","title":"Directions and rates of ground-water movement in the vicinity of Kesterson Reservoir, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional groundwater flow model was used to simulate groundwater flow for a 124 sq mi area in the vicinity of Kesterson Reservoir in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Available data were used to calculate a probable range of groundwater flow rates, but calibration and sensitivity analysis were not done for this model. Flow directions, as inferred from measured groundwater levels and simulated hydraulic heads from all model simulations, indicate that regional groundwater flow is from the south to the north. Kesterson Reservoir acts as a recharge mound superimposed on the regional-flow system. Groundwater moves in the horizontal and vertical direction away from Kesterson Reservoir. Mud and Salt Sloughs act as groundwater discharge areas. Simulated groundwater flow from Kesterson Reservoir did not flow beyond these sloughs. Groundwater from west of Mud Slough seems to flow west toward Los Banos Creek and east toward Mud Slough. Groundwater that travels toward Salt Slough from Kesterson Reservoir probably is lost by evapotranspiration near the surface before reaching Salt Slough. Groundwater between Salt Slough and the San Joaquin River seems to flow north and toward Salt Slough and the San Joaquin River. The canals and duck ponds generally act as sources of groundwater recharge. A method was developed for determining flow directions and distance traveled in three dimensions for discrete time increments using simulated groundwater fluxes. Simulated average horizontal pore velocities away from Kesterson range less than 0.01 to 140 ft/year. The simulated average vertical pore velocities range from 0.01 to 14.7 ft/year. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864196","usgsCitation":"Mandle, R., and Kontis, A., 1986, Directions and rates of ground-water movement in the vicinity of Kesterson Reservoir, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4196, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864196.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandle, R.J.","contributorId":27090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandle","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kontis, A.L.","contributorId":69542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33232,"text":"b1648 - 1986 - Field and laboratory procedures used in a soil chronosequence study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T15:26:43","indexId":"b1648","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1648","title":"Field and laboratory procedures used in a soil chronosequence study","docAbstract":"<p>In 1978, the late Denis Marchand initiated a research project entitled \"Soil Correlation and Dating at the U.S. Geological Survey\" to determine the usefulness of soils in solving geologic problems. Marchand proposed to establish soil chronosequences that could be dated independently of soil development by using radiometric and other numeric dating methods. In addition, by comparing dated chronosequences in different environments, rates of soil development could be studied and compared among varying climates and mineralogical conditions. The project was fundamental in documenting the value of soils in studies of mapping, correlating, and dating late Cenozoic deposits and in studying soil genesis. All published reports by members of the project are included in the bibliography.</p><p>The project demanded that methods be adapted or developed to ensure comparability over a wide variation in soil types. Emphasis was placed on obtaining professional expertise and on establishing consistent techniques, especially for the field, laboratory, and data-compilation methods. Since 1978, twelve chronosequences have been sampled and analyzed by members of this project, and methods have been established and used consistently for analysis of the samples.</p><p>The goals of this report are to:</p><ol><li>Document the methods used for the study on soil chronosequences,<br></li><li>Present the results of tests that were run for precision, accuracy, and effectiveness, and<br></li><li>Discuss our modifications to standard procedures.</li></ol><p>Many of the methods presented herein are standard and have been reported elsewhere. However, we assume less prior analytical knowledge in our descriptions; thus, the manual should be easy to follow for the inexperienced analyst. Each chapter presents one or more references of the basic principle, an equipment and reagents list, and the detailed procedure. In some chapters this is followed by additional remarks or example calculations.</p><p>The flow diagram in figure 1 outlines the step-by-step procedures used to obtain and analyze soil samples for this study. The soils analyzed had a wide range of characteristics (such as clay content, mineralogy, salinity, and acidity). Initially, a major task was to test and select methods that could be applied and interpreted similarly for the various types of soils. Tests were conducted to establish the effectiveness and comparability of analytical techniques, and the data for such tests are included in figures, tables, and discussions. In addition, many replicate analyses of samples have established a \"standard error\" or \"coefficient of variance\" which indicates the average reproducibility of each laboratory procedure. These averaged errors are reported as percentage of a given value. For example, in particle-size determination, 3 percent error for 10 percent clay content equals 10 ± 0.3 percent clay. The error sources were examined to determine, for example, if the error in particle-size determination was dependent on clay content. No such biases were found, and data are reported as percent error in the text and in tables of reproducibility.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1648","usgsCitation":"1986, Field and laboratory procedures used in a soil chronosequence study: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1648, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1648.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1648/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5ad2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singer, Michael J.","contributorId":94720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653634,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janitzky, Peter","contributorId":7751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janitzky","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653635,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26051,"text":"wri864131 - 1986 - Example evaluation of a permit application for a proposed hazardous-waste landfill in eastern Adams County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri864131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4131","title":"Example evaluation of a permit application for a proposed hazardous-waste landfill in eastern Adams County, Colorado","docAbstract":"A project was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to demonstrate methods by which RCRA (Resources Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976) Part B permit applications might be evaluated. The purpose of the project was to prepare a report that would supplement a series of case studies to be made available to permit writers in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Four sites in the United States were chosen for their potential applicability to geologically similar sites. The Adams County, Colorado, site was chosen to be representative of sites in the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The intent of this report is to provide an example of how available earth-science information might be used in evaluating an application and not to evaluate the acceptability of the site. Because this study is an evaluation of a permit application, the data used are limited to the data supplied in the application and in published reports. Of the five criteria required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be addressed in the permit application considered in the case study, the application was evaluated to be inadequate in addressing three criteria: (1) Site characterization, (2) ability to monitor the location, and (3) flow paths and 100-foot time of travel. Details of the inadequacies and a description of the information needed to eliminate the inadequacies are included in the report. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864131","usgsCitation":"Banta, E.R., 1986, Example evaluation of a permit application for a proposed hazardous-waste landfill in eastern Adams County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4131, iv, 17 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864131.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54828,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f949c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, E. R.","contributorId":63038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":119,"text":"wsp2246 - 1986 - Hydrology of the Price River basin, Utah, with emphasis on selected coal-field areas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7250,"text":"ofr83208 - 1983 - Hydrology of the Price River basin, Utah, with emphasis on selected coal-field areas","indexId":"ofr83208","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Price River basin, Utah, with emphasis on selected coal-field areas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":119,"text":"wsp2246 - 1986 - Hydrology of the Price River basin, Utah, with emphasis on selected coal-field areas","indexId":"wsp2246","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Price River basin, Utah, with emphasis on selected coal-field areas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:50:44","indexId":"wsp2246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2246","title":"Hydrology of the Price River basin, Utah, with emphasis on selected coal-field areas","docAbstract":"<p>Data obtained during a hydrologic study of the Price River basin, Utah, are used to describe seasonal variations off low of springs, relation between ground water and surface water, hydraulic properties of the ground-water reservoir, ground-water recharge and discharge, flood characteristics of streams, mineralogic composition and depositional rates of sediments, nutrient and inorganic loading in streams and Scofield Reservoir, and water budgets for selected basins. Additional study and monitoring are needed to detect possible hydrologic changes caused by coal mining.</p><p>Much of the ground-water discharge from the Star Point Sandstone in the Mesaverde Group in the Wasatch Plateau occurs along faults. In the Book Cliffs, where faulting is less extensive, most of the ground-water discharge is from the Flagstaff Limestone. The Flagstaff Limestone is greatly diffusive, has a small storage coefficient, and contains water which is perched.</p><p>Springs issuing from the Star Point Sandstone in the Mud Creek drainage (Wasatch Plateau) had recession indexes greater than 365 days per log cycle. Springs issuing at higher altitudes from the Colton Formation and the Flagstaff Limestone in the Soldier Creek area (Book Cliffs) have great seasonal variability, with recession indexes ranging from 24 to 115 days per log cycle. Estimated transmissivities in the Soldier Creek area ranged from 0.003 foot squared per day in the lower part of the Castlegate Sandstone to 0.07 foot squared per day in the Price River Formation.</p><p>Seepage from the Star Point Sandstone is the major contributor to base flow of the stream in Eccles Canyon (Wasatch Plateau). Gains of as much as 230 gallons per minute occurred near a fault zone which crosses Eccles Canyon at the junction with South Fork Canyon. </p><p>The potentiometric surface of water in the Blackhawk Formation in the Wasatch Plateau (Mud Creek drainage) and the Book Cliffs (Soldier Creek area) generally is above the coal zones, and dewatering will be necessary in most places during mining. The total reported mine discharge during 1980 was about 2,800 acre-feet.</p><p>During the 1980 water year, ground-water discharge from the Flagstaff Limestone contributed about 4,400 acre-feet, or 41 percent of the combined streamflow of Coal, Soldier, and Dugout Creeks. Discharge from the Blackhawk and other formations contributed about 2,200 acrefeet, or 21 percent of the streamflow. The recharge to a 4,020-acre outcrop of the Flagstaff Limestone in the Soldier Creek area was determined from measurements of the discharge of springs and seepage gains in streams. The estimated recharge was 2 inches per year, or 12 percent of the April 1 snowpack, or 9 percent of the precipitation during 1980. </p><p>Benthic-diversity indexes at streams in the Book Cliffs and Wasatch Plateau are related to the size of the bed material. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index for five sites in the Mud Creek drainage ranged from 1.57 to 4.'20 during four sampling periods in 1979-80. In the Soldier Creek drainage, the diversity index for four sampling sites ranged from 0.8 to 2.3 during three sampling periods in 1979-80.</p><p>Sediment deposition in Scofield Reservoir during 1943-79 was estimated to be 3,000 acre-feet but most of the coal deposition in the reservoir occurred prior to about 1950. An anaerobic zone develops in the reservoir during the summer, but water in the reservoir completely mixes during late summer or early fall. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Dodge, J., Darby, D., and Theobald, S., 1986, Hydrology of the Price River basin, Utah, with emphasis on selected coal-field areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2246, Report: vi, 51 p.; Plate: 38.00 in x 33.50 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2246.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 51 p.; Plate: 38.00 in x 33.50 in.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":136417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24721,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24720,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2246/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Price River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, J.E.","contributorId":21133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darby, D.W.","contributorId":49333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Theobald, S.M.","contributorId":51270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":55694,"text":"wdrMI851 - 1986 - Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-10T14:42:09","indexId":"wdrMI851","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MI-85-1","title":"Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1985","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1985 water year for Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water temperature of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 135 gaging stations; stage only records for 1 gaging station; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality records for 52 gaging stations; water-level records for 53 observation wells; and water-temperature records for 6 observation wells. Also included are 52 crest-stage partial-record stations and 30 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 41 measuring sites and 1 water-quality sampling site. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Local, and Federal agencies in Michigan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI851","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.B., Oberg, J., and Failing, J., 1986, Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-85-1, ix, 297 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI851.","productDescription":"ix, 297 p.","numberOfPages":"312","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1985/mi-85-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":344733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1985/mi-85-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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B.","contributorId":70423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, J.L.","contributorId":54669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Failing, J.C.","contributorId":76822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Failing","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28008,"text":"wri844353 - 1986 - Three-dimensional model simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844353","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4353","title":"Three-dimensional model simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"As part of the Southwest Alluvial Basins study, model was constructed to simulate the alluvial aquifer system underlying the Albuquerque-Belen Basin. The model was used to simulate the steady-state flow condition assumed to have existed prior to 1960. Until this time there apparently were no long-term groundwater level changes of a significant magnitude outside the immediate vicinity of Albuquerque. Therefore, the construction of a steady-state flow model of the aquifer system based on reported hydrologic data predating 1960 was justified. During construction of the steady-state model, simulated hydraulic conductivity values were adjusted, within acceptable physical limits, until a best fit between measured or reported and computed heads at 34 control wells was achieved. The modeled area was divided into six sub-areas, or zones, within each of which hydraulic conductivity was assumed to be uniform. The model consisted of six layers for each of which simulated transmissivity was proportional to the layer thickness. Adjustments to simulated hydraulic conductivity values in the different zones resulted in final values that ranged from a low of 0.25 ft/day in the west to 50 ft/day in the eastern part of the basin. The error of the simulation, defined as the absolute difference between the computed and the measured or reported water level at the corresponding point in the physical system being modeled, ranged from 0.6 ft to 36 ft, with an average of 14.6 ft for the 34 control wells. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844353","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., and Scott, W.B., 1986, Three-dimensional model simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4353, v, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844353.","productDescription":"v, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4353/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56833,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4353/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, W. B.","contributorId":87887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38545,"text":"pp1335 - 1986 - Observations of the eruptions of July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:32","indexId":"pp1335","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1335","title":"Observations of the eruptions of July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The explosive eruptions of July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Wash., both included multiple eruptive pulses. The beginnings of three of the pulses-two on July 22 and one on August 7-were witnessed and photographed. Each of these three began with a fountain of gases and pyroclasts that collapsed around the vent and generated a pyroclastic density flow. Significant vertical-eruption columns developed only after the density flows were generated. This behavior is attributable to either an increase in the gas content of the eruption jet or a decrease in vent radius with time. An increase in the gas content may have occurred as the vent was cleared (by expulsion of a plug of pyroclasts) or as the eruption began to tap deeper, gas-rich magma after first expelling the upper, gas-depleted part of the magma body. An effective decrease of the vent radius with time may have occurred as the eruption originated from progressively deeper levels in the vent. All of these processes-vent clearing; tapping of deeper, gas-rich magma; and effective decrease in vent radius-probably operated to some extent. A 'relief-valve' mechanism is proposed here to account for the occurrence of multiple eruptive pulses. This mechanism requires that the conduit above the magma body be filled with a bed of pyroclasts, and that the vesiculation rate in the magma body be inadequate to sustain continuous eruption. During a repose interval, vesiculation of the magma body would cause gas to flow upward through the bed of pyroclasts. If the rate at which the magma produced gas exceeded the rate at which gas escaped to the atmosphere, the vertical pressure difference across the bed of pyroclastic debris would increase, as would the gas-flow rate. Eventually a gas-flow rate would be achieved that would suddenly diminish the ability of the bed to maintain a pressure difference between the magma body and the atmosphere. The bed of pyroclasts would then be expelled (that is, the relief valve would open) and an eruption would commence. During the eruption, gas would be lost faster than it could be replaced by vesiculation, so the gas-flow rate in the conduit would decrease. Eventually the gas-flow rate would decrease to a value that would be inadequate to expel pyroclasts, so the conduit would again become choked with pyroclasts (that is, the relief valve would close). Another period of repose would commence. The eruption/repose sequence would be repeated until gas-production rates were inadequate to reopen the valve, either because the depth of the pyroclast bed had become too great, the volatile content of the magma had become too low, or the magma had been expended. \r\n\r\nA timed sequence of photographs of a pyroclastic density flow on August 7 indicates that, in general, the velocity of the flow front was determined by the underlying topography. Observations and details of the velocity/topography relationship suggest that both pyroclastic flows and pyroclastic surges formed. The following mechanism is consistent with the data. During initial fountain collapse and when the flow passed over steep, irregular terrain, a highly inflated suspension of gases and pyroclasts formed. In this suspension, the pyroclasts underwent rapid differential settling according to size and density; a relatively low-concentration, fine-grained upper phase formed over a relatively high-concentration coarse-grained phase. The low-particle-concentration phase (the pyroclastic surge) was subject to lower internal friction than the basal high-concentration phase (the pyroclastic flow), and so accelerated away from it. The surge advanced until it had deposited so much of its solid fraction that its net density became less than that of the ambient air. At this point it rose convectively off the ground, quickly decelerated, and was overtaken by the pyroclastic flow. \r\n\r\nThe behavior of the flow of August 7 suggests that a pyroclastic density flow probably expands through the ingestion of ai","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1335","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R.P., 1986, Observations of the eruptions of July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1335, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1335.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1335/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65313,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1335/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. rhoblitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"rhoblitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":220032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60626,"text":"mf1794 - 1986 - Map showing slope movements in the Oak Forest Quadrangle, Greene County, southwestern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:56:58","indexId":"mf1794","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794","title":"Map showing slope movements in the Oak Forest Quadrangle, Greene County, southwestern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>This map is the first example in the eastern United States of a 1:24,000-scale 7.5&ndash; minute quadrangle map that identifies areas with slope&mdash;stability problems in detail. Such a map enables the user to make a rapid evaluation of the potential for mass movement. Furthermore, detailed slope movement inventory of this type can serve as a framework for statistical analyses of several factors that cause slope failures, such as the effects of bedrock lithology, soil and slope characteristics, and precipitation. Planners, engineers, soil scientists, geologists, and elected officials should find the map useful in the assessment of slope hazards and planning for future land use. Final evaluation of any site within the quadrangle should be based on an examination by a soils engineer or an engineering geologist.</p>\n<p>Field investigations in the springs of 1981 and 1982 and the fall of 1981 involved nearly 60 days of traverses. The foot traverses were supplemented by the interpretation of the land surface on vertical black-and-white aerial photography flown in January and February of 1973 at a scale of nearly 1:24,000. Earlier aerial photography flown in June and July 1939 at a scale of 1:20,000 and more recent but significantly smaller scale photography (1:80,000) flown in June 1977 supplied additional documentation. More than 1,200 active or recently active and 900 older slope movements were identified.</p>\n<p>The geologic map of the Oak Forest quadrangle (Roen, 1972) is one of several geologic maps at a scale of 1:24,000 in eastern and central Greene County. Stone (1932) wrote an earlier report of the geology and mineral resources of Greene County. A series of reconnaissance landslide maps at 1:24,000 scale based mainly on aerial photographic interpretation included Greene and adjacent counties (Hackman and Thomas, 1978).</p>\n<p>Selection of the Oak Forest quadrangle for a more comprehensive study of the slope movements was based on the existence of a recent geologic map (Roen, 1972), sizeable tracts of both forested and non-forested land, nearby precipitation record stations, a large number of pipelines which could offer pertinent data, and good accessibility of terrain from secondary roads. Finally, Hackman and Thomas (1978) showed that the area was representative of any quadrangle in the northern part of the Dunkard basin in its distribution and density of slope movements.</p>\n<p>The quadrangle is located about 65 km southwest of Pittsburgh, Penn. (fig. 1). Three distinct drainage systems (north, east, and south trending) are represented within the quadrangle (fig. 2).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1794","usgsCitation":"Pomeroy, J.S., 1986, Map showing slope movements in the Oak Forest Quadrangle, Greene County, southwestern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1794, Plate: 47.33 x 41.52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1794.","productDescription":"Plate: 47.33 x 41.52 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1794.JPG"},{"id":327414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1794/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Greene County","otherGeospatial":"Oak Forest Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.25,39.75 ], [ -80.25,39.8675 ], [ -80.11749999999999,39.8675 ], [ -80.11749999999999,39.75 ], [ -80.25,39.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomeroy, J. S.","contributorId":16807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14482,"text":"ofr86488 - 1986 - Hydrologic data for the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St. Charles County, Missouri; 1984-1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:04","indexId":"ofr86488","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-488","title":"Hydrologic data for the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St. Charles County, Missouri; 1984-1986","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and water quality data were collected during an investigation of the Weldon Spring radioactive waste disposal sites and surroundings area in St. Charles County, Missouri, from 1984 to 1986. The data consists of water quality analyses of samples collected from 45 groundwater and 27 surface water sites. This includes analyses of water from four raffinate pits and from the Weldon Spring quarry. Also included in the report are the results of a seepage run on north flowing tributaries to Dardenne Creek from Kraut Run to Crooked Creek. Mean daily discharge from April 1985 to April 1986 is given for two springs located about 1.5 mi north of the chemical plant. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86488","usgsCitation":"Kleeschulte, M., Emmett, L.F., and Barks, J., 1986, Hydrologic data for the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St. Charles County, Missouri; 1984-1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-488, v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86488.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0488/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":21221,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0488/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21222,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0488/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21223,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0488/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21224,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0488/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43176,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0488/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6081b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, M. J.","contributorId":73222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, L. F.","contributorId":43332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barks, J.H.","contributorId":107710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barks","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28051,"text":"wri854272 - 1986 - Compilation and preliminary interpretation of hydrologic data for the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St Charles County, Missouri — A progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T20:27:01.510973","indexId":"wri854272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4272","title":"Compilation and preliminary interpretation of hydrologic data for the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St Charles County, Missouri — A progress report","docAbstract":"<p>The Weldon Spring Chemical Plant is located just north of the drainage divide separating the Mississippi River and the Missouri River in St. Charles County, Missouri. From 1957 to 1966 the plant converted uranium-ore concentrates and recycled scrap to pure uranium trioxide, uranium tetrafluoride, and uranium metal. Residues from these operations were pumped to four large pits that had been excavated near the plant. Small springs and losing streams are present in the area. Water overlying the residue in the pits has a large concentration of dissolved solids and a different chemical composition compared to the native groundwater and surface water. This difference is indicated by the concentrations of calcium, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, uranium, radium, lithium, molybdenum, strontium, and vanadium, all of which are greater than natural or background concentrations. Water from Burgermeister Spring, located about 1.5 miles north of the chemical plant area, contains uranium and nitrate concentrations greater than background concentrations. Groundwater in the shallow bedrock aquifer moves northward from the vicinity of the chemical plant toward Dardenne Creek. An abandoned limestone quarry several miles southwest of the chemical plant also has been used for the disposal of radioactive waste and rubble. Groundwater flow from the quarry area is southward through the alluvium, away from the quarry and toward the Missouri River. The St. Charles County well field is located in the Missouri River flood plain near the quarry and the large yield wells are open to the Missouri River alluvial aquifer. Water from a well 4,000 ft southeast of the quarry was analyzed; there was no indication of contamination from the quarry. Additional water quality and water level data are needed to determine if water from the quarry moves toward the well field. Observation wells need to be installed in the area between the chemical plant, pits, and Dardenne Creek. The wells would be used to provide access for measurements of depth to ground water and for the collection of water samples from the shallow bedrock aquifer.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854272","usgsCitation":"Kleeschulte, M., and Emmett, L.F., 1986, Compilation and preliminary interpretation of hydrologic data for the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St Charles County, Missouri — A progress report: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4272, vi, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854272.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394418,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36414.htm"},{"id":56889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4272/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"St. Charles County","otherGeospatial":"Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.794,\n              38.64\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.628,\n              38.64\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.628,\n              38.743\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.794,\n              38.743\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.794,\n              38.64\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa19f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, M. J.","contributorId":73222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, L. F.","contributorId":43332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26570,"text":"wri854297 - 1986 - Manual for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of natural-flow streams in the Colorado River basin in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri854297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4297","title":"Manual for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of natural-flow streams in the Colorado River basin in Utah","docAbstract":"Methods are presented for estimating 10 streamflow characteristics at three types of sites on natural flow streams in the Colorado River Basin in Utah. The streamflow characteristics include average discharge and annual maximum 1-, 7-, and 15-day mean discharges for recurrence intervals of 10, 50 and 100 years. At or near gaged sites, two methods weight gaging station data with regression equation values to estimate streamflow characteristics. At sites on ungaged streams, a method estimates streamflow characteristics using regression equations. The regression equations relate the streamflow characteristics to the following basin and climatic characteristics: contributing drainage area, mean basin elevation, mean annual precipitation, main channel slope, and forested area. Separate regression equations were developed for four hydrologically distinct regions in the study area. The standard error of estimate for the 10 streamflow characteristics ranges from 13% to 87%. Basin, climatic, and streamflow characteristics, available as of September 30, 1981, are presented for 135 gaging stations in Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming. In addition, weighted estimates of the streamflow characteristics based on station data and the regression equation estimates are provided for most gaging stations. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854297","usgsCitation":"Christensen, R., Johnson, E., and Plantz, G., 1986, Manual for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of natural-flow streams in the Colorado River basin in Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4297, vi, 38 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854297.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4297/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55434,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4297/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55435,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, R.C.","contributorId":56670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, E.B.","contributorId":77953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plantz, G.G.","contributorId":79103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plantz","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26629,"text":"wri864034 - 1986 - Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri864034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4034","title":"Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi","docAbstract":"In 1964 the U.S. Geological Survey in Mississippi expanded the small stream gaging network for collection of rainfall and runoff data to 92 stations. To expedite availability of flood frequency information a rainfall-runoff model using available long-term rainfall data was calibrated to synthesize flood peaks. Results obtained from observed annual peak flow data for 51 sites having 16 yr to 30 yr of annual peaks are compared with the synthetic results. Graphical comparison of the 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-year flood discharges indicate good agreement. The root mean square error ranges from 27% to 38% and the synthetic record bias from -9% to -18% in comparison with the observed record. The reduced variance in the synthetic results is attributed to use of only four long-term rainfall records and model limitations. The root mean square error and bias is within the accuracy considered to be satisfactory. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864034","usgsCitation":"Colson, B., 1986, Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4034, iv, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864034.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colson, B.E.","contributorId":71546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colson","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14748,"text":"ofr85496 - 1986 - A preliminary evaluation of the geohydrology and water quality of the Greenacres Landfill area, Spokane County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:06","indexId":"ofr85496","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-496","title":"A preliminary evaluation of the geohydrology and water quality of the Greenacres Landfill area, Spokane County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Greenacres Landfill, located about 11 mi east of the city of Spokane, Washington, was used for the disposal of waste from 1951 to 1972. Materials in the landfill include household and industrial waste materials, and various hazardous wastes. In 1983 the landfill was designated by the U.S. EPA as a ' Superfund ' site. The purposes of this investigation were to gather, describe, and interpret all the existing data concerning the hydrology and groundwater quality of the area surrounding the landfill, and to identify any additional data needed to describe the hydrology of the area. The quantity of water flow through the landfill as a result of precipitation on the landfill and in the drainage basin above the landfill probably ranges from 21,000 to 85,000 gal/day. This water movement may be creating a leachate and transporting some of the wastes out of the landfill. The plume would encompass an area where groundwater provides most of the water used for municipal, industrial, irrigation, and domestic purposes. Water quality analyses of water from numerous wells in the area which are open to the Spokane aquifer are available, but well 25/45-16K1 is the only well where groundwater contamination was consistently apparent. This well is only 500 ft from the landfill. Contamination of water in this well was indicated by high concentrations of dissolved mineral constituents and several organic compounds, including trans-dichloroethene (115 to 392 micrograms/L). Available data are insufficient to completely interpret the groundwater flow system near this well and the source of the contamination cannot be determined conclusively. While the existing data are adequate to provide background information, more data are needed to: (1) determine the source of contamination in well 25/45-16K1; (2) determine groundwater flow in the Spokane aquifer near well 25/45-16K1; and (3) determine the extent of contamination in the Spokane aquifer. The degree of the influence of the landfill on the Spokane aquifer cannot be determined with existing data. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85496","usgsCitation":"Lum, W.E., Turney, G.L., and Alvord, R.C., 1986, A preliminary evaluation of the geohydrology and water quality of the Greenacres Landfill area, Spokane County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-496, v, 41 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85496.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0496/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43519,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0496/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aabe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E. II","contributorId":81504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turney, G. L.","contributorId":95070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvord, R. C.","contributorId":65866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvord","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1712,"text":"wsp2269 - 1986 - Traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in Illinois streams","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9201,"text":"ofr84468 - 1984 - Traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in Illinois streams","indexId":"ofr84468","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in Illinois streams"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1712,"text":"wsp2269 - 1986 - Traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in Illinois streams","indexId":"wsp2269","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in Illinois streams"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T18:32:36.31144","indexId":"wsp2269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2269","title":"Traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in Illinois streams","docAbstract":"Twenty-seven measurements of traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in 10 Illinois streams made from 1975 to 1982 provide data needed for estimating traveltime of peak concentration of a conservative solute, traveltime of the leading edge of a solute cloud, peak concentration resulting from injection of a given quantity of solute, and passage time of solute past a given point on a stream. These four variables can be estimated graphically for each stream from distance of travel and either discharge at the downstream end of the reach or flow-duration frequency. From equations developed from field measurements, the traveltime and dispersion characteristics also can be estimated for other unregulated streams in Illinois that have drainage areas less than about 1,500 square miles. For unmeasured streams, traveltime of peak concentration and of the leading edge of the cloud are related to discharge at the downstream end of the reach and to distance of travel. For both measured and unmeasured streams, peak concentration and passage time are best estimated from the relation of each to traveltime. In measured streams, dispersion efficiency is greater than that predicted by Fickian diffusion theory. The rate of decrease in peak concentration with traveltime is about equal to the rate of increase in passage time. Average velocity in a stream reach, given by the velocity of the center of solute mass in that reach, can be estimated from an equation developed from measured values. The equation relates average reach velocity to discharge at the downstream end of the reach. Average reach velocities computed for 9 of the 10 streams from available equations that are based on hydraulic-geometry relations are high relative to measured values. The estimating equation developed from measured velocities provides estimates of average reach velocity that are closer to measured velocities than are those computed using equations developed from hydraulic-geometry relations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2269","usgsCitation":"Graf, J.B., 1986, Traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in Illinois streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2269, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2269.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25457.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26788,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2269/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":30615,"text":"wri864043 - 1986 - Biological, morphological, and chemical characteristics of Wailuku River, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri864043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4043","title":"Biological, morphological, and chemical characteristics of Wailuku River, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Biological, morphological, and chemical data on Wailuku River were collected to assess its water quality characteristics. Biological measurements included evaluation of benthic invertebrates, periphyton, phytoplankton and coliform bacteria. Morphological measurements consisted of channel surveys and particle size determination of bed materials. Chemical quality measurements, made monthly at two sampling stations, included water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved solids concentration, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus , and minor elements. Biological and chemical data indicated relatively clean water compared to similar streams in conterminous United States. The number and types of benthic organisms are low in Wailuku River. This is due mainly to channel gradient and flow velocities rather than to chemical toxicity. Periphyton data also indicate unpolluted water of low to moderate primary productivity. Diatoms are the dominant organisms observed in the periphyton samples. Coliform bacteria densities are typical of mountain streams in Hawaii that are essentially unaffected by human activities. The streambed is formed of lava flows from Mauna Loa volcano, and the stream channel is characterized by a series of plunge pools and waterfalls. The longitudinal slope ranges from 5% at midreaches to 8% at the headwater regions. There is no broad flood plain at the mouth of the stream. The stream channel is generally a narrow steep-sided trapezoid with an irregular base. Streambanks are composed of fine to very coarse-grained material. Channel depth increases from 6 ft at the headwaters to 40 ft at Hilo. The width also increases from 60 ft at the highest study site to 220 ft at the Hilo site near the mouth of the river. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864043","usgsCitation":"Yee, J., and Ewart, C., 1986, Biological, morphological, and chemical characteristics of Wailuku River, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4043, vii, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864043.","productDescription":"vii, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59382,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yee, J.J.","contributorId":59849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewart, C.J.","contributorId":76339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28627,"text":"wri844221 - 1986 - Ground-water availability and water quality at Southbury and Woodbury, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri844221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4221","title":"Ground-water availability and water quality at Southbury and Woodbury, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Increases in population and commercial and industrial development during the past 20 years have increased the demand for water in the Towns of Southbury and Woodbury, Connecticut. The stratified-drift aquifer, underlying much of the Pomperaug River valley, is the most practical source for additional large supplies. The yield of the aquifer was evaluated with a two-dimensional, digital flow model. The model was constructed with hydrologic data from previous studies, and test boring logs , seismic profiles, water-level measurements, and other information collected during the present study. Simulations made with the calibrated model indicate that, with no pumpage, groundwater levels in the aquifer will fall about 4.6 ft below average during low-recharge (least-favorable) periods, and rise about 0.6 ft above average during high-recharge (most-favorable) periods. Simulated withdrawals from 10 wells indicate that from 5.0 to 8.8 million gallons/day are available as total recharge rates range from 21.4 to 36.1 inches/year. If these pumpages were consumed or exported from the basin, estimated average flow reductions of the Pomperaug River would range from 7.7 to 12.9 cu ft/sec. The quality of the water from the stratified-drift aquifer is generally excellent in most areas and meets State drinking-water standards. Chemical analyses of groundwater from 11 wells in the Middle Quarter area of Woodbury indicate that organohalide compounds are present. A maximum trichloroethane concentration of 260 micrograms/L has been reported and groundwater in the area is presently being monitored for organohalides. The water meets standards established by the State. Surface water samples collected at 7 sites in the study area meet the Connecticut drinking water standards for all constituents except coliform bacteria. Complete conventional treatment of surface water from some wells will be required to meet State drinking water standards relative to coliforms. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844221","usgsCitation":"Mazzaferro, D., 1986, Ground-water availability and water quality at Southbury and Woodbury, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4221, viii, 105 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844221.","productDescription":"viii, 105 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57461,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57462,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57463,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57464,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57465,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57466,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57467,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69c050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzaferro, D. L.","contributorId":75579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzaferro","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28591,"text":"wri864103 - 1986 - Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 3 — Development of a three-dimensional digital ground-water flow model for storage unit I of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:10:21.081742","indexId":"wri864103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4103","title":"Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 3 — Development of a three-dimensional digital ground-water flow model for storage unit I of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin","docAbstract":"Water-bearing rocks within the 7 sq mi of Storage Unit I of the Santa Barbara Groundwater Basin, consist of unconsolidated deposits that range in thickness from &lt; 300 ft along the north perimeter of the unit to &gt; 1,000 ft near the Pacific Ocean. The groundwater system was simulated as two horizontal layers separated by a confining bed. The model boundaries coincide with mapped faults on all sides. The faults were considered no-flow boundaries except for the offshore fault that forms the south boundary. This boundary was simulated as a general-head boundary , which allows water to move into and out of the modeled area. The model was calibrated by simulating both steady-state conditions (approximated by July 1978 and February 1983 water levels) and transient-state conditions (represented by May 1978 through December 1979 water level changes). The calibrated model was then used to simulate the period from January 1980 through December 1983 in order to verify the model. Model results generally closely matched measured data throughout Storage Unit I. During the transient and verification simulations, 9,980 acre-ft of groundwater was pumped from Storage Unit I for municipal use. Results of the model indicate that 42% (4,190 acre-ft) of the water pumped from the system was withdrawn from storage, 33% (3,290 acre-ft) was derived from changes in underflow across the offshore fault, and 25% (2,500 acre-ft) was derived from decreased groundwater discharge to drains. The model simulated that municipal pumpage induced about 1,380 acre-ft of water to move across the offshore fault toward Storage Unit I. Several model simulations were used to estimate aquifer response to different municipal pumpage patterns that could be used as management alternatives. Results of the simulations indicate that spreading municipal pumpage more evenly throughout Storage Unit I, by increasing the number of wells while reducing the pumping rate at the individual wells to maintain the same total pumpage, significantly reduces the inflow of groundwater across the offshore fault. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864103","usgsCitation":"Martin, P., and Berenbrock, C., 1986, Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 3 — Development of a three-dimensional digital ground-water flow model for storage unit I of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4103, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864103.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57420,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4103/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4103/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394265,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36548.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barbara","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.8114013671875,\n              34.39444542699783\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.60952758789062,\n              34.39444542699783\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.60952758789062,\n              34.47146728120385\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8114013671875,\n              34.47146728120385\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8114013671875,\n              34.39444542699783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":15021,"text":"ofr86233 - 1986 - Summary of available ground-water data for the island of Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:58","indexId":"ofr86233","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-233","title":"Summary of available ground-water data for the island of Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents, in tabular form, descriptive information and information on the availability of chloride concentration, water level, pumpage, log, pump test and flow data for all wells , shafts and tunnels on Oahu, Hawaii. Descriptive data for each groundwater source include: identification number, map number, depth, diameter, year completed, owner, usage and status. The report is based on data currently available in the files of the U.S. Geological Survey and is a compilation of observations made by Survey personnel, and information gathered by other agencies and the private sector. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86233","usgsCitation":"Miyamoto, S., Miyaji, C., and Fukuda, L., 1986, Summary of available ground-water data for the island of Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-233, iv, 216 p. :maps ;22 x 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86233.","productDescription":"iv, 216 p. :maps ;22 x 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0233/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43850,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0233/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69935e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miyamoto, S.E.","contributorId":85975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyamoto","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miyaji, C.E.","contributorId":37760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyaji","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fukuda, L.L.","contributorId":106134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fukuda","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29759,"text":"wri864036 - 1986 - Hydrology and water quality of the Edwards Aquifer associated with Barton Springs in the Austin area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:39:25","indexId":"wri864036","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4036","title":"Hydrology and water quality of the Edwards Aquifer associated with Barton Springs in the Austin area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Urban development over the Edwards aquifer in the Austin, Texas, area has caused concerns about the availability and quality of water in the aquifer. The study area, the Edwards aquifer that discharges to Barton Springs, includes parts of Travis and Hays Counties and extends from the city of Kyle to the Colorado River. A large part of the aquifer lies within the Austin metropolitan area one of the fastest growing areas in the Nation. As of 1985, only about 30,000 people used water from the aquifer, however, according to recent official city of Austin population projections, about 86,000 more people will be living in the study area by the year 2000, many of whom will depend upon the aquifer for water. Barton Springs, which discharges from the aquifer, serves as a supplemental source of drinking water for Austin and as a major recreational attraction.</p>\n<p>The aquifer is a karst system composed of limestone and dolomite of Cretaceous age. The water occurs in solution channels in the Edwards and Georgetown Limestones. Yields of adjacent wells often differ by as much as four orders of magnitude. Storage within the aquifer is about 306,000 acre-feet, of which about 31,000 acre-feet is within the \"transient\" part of storage the change in volume occurring between high flow and the lowest known flow of Barton Springs. The average specific yield of the aquifer is 0.017.</p>\n<p>Within the study area, the Edwards aquifer covers 155 square miles, of which about 151 square miles discharge to Barton Springs, and the remaining 4 square miles discharge to Cold and Deep Eddy Springs. The westernmost 79 percent of the aquifer is under water-table conditions, and the remaining 21 percent is under confined conditions. Three geologic sections are presented in the report, as well as maps showing the altitudes of the base and the top of the Edwards aquifer.</p>\n<p>Recharge occurs predominantly along faults and fractures crossing six creeks in the recharge area, which covers the westernmost 90 square miles of the aquifer. Leakage probably occurs into the Edwards aquifer from the underlying upper Trinity aquifer. A small amount of subsurface recharge also occurs as \"bad-water\" encroachment during lovnflow periods. Monthly values for water levels, total surface-water recharge, and total discharge (springflow and pumpage) for the aquifer are available for 4 years. Water-budget analyses show that surface recharge and ground-water discharge (springflow and pumpage) are reasonably balanced, suggesting that the ground-water system is in dynamic equilibrium.</p>\n<p>Based on 65 years of measurements, Barton Springs has a long-term mean discharge of 50 cubic feet per second and a minimum and maximum discharge of 10 and 166 cubic feet per second. As of 1982, the estimated total ground-water pumpage of about 3,800 acre-feet per year represented just over 10 percent of the average annual discharge of 36,000 acre-feet to Barton Springs. Increased pumpage associated with future ground-water development could reduce the discharge at Barton Springs and reduce ground-water availability. Substantial pumpage increases could cause increased subsurface flow into the aquifer in the form of \"bad-water\" encroachment, leakage from underlying aquifers, or both.</p>\n<p>Water-quality data for 1979-83 are available for each creek that recharges the aquifer, from Barton Springs, and for 38 wells. Water quality from Barton Springs and the wells is better than the creeks providing surface recharge, which have fecal-bacteria values as high as 100,000 colonies per 100 milliliters. Significant densities of fecal bacteria have been found in water from Barton Springs. Significant concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, fecal-group bacteria, and fluoride have been identified in samples from wells. Fluoride originates in the aquifers that underlie the Edwards aquifer. Nitrate nitrogen and fecal-group bacteria originate in residential developments and cattle ranches located in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri864036","usgsCitation":"Slade, R.M., Dorsey, M.E., and Stewart, S.L., 1986, Hydrology and water quality of the Edwards Aquifer associated with Barton Springs in the Austin area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4036, vi, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864036.","productDescription":"vi, 117 p.","numberOfPages":"123","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58554,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4036/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.74742126464844,\n              30.216948502671475\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.877197265625,\n              29.981107684467244\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.10035705566406,\n              30.073847754270204\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.80921936035155,\n              30.305317637976145\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.72270202636717,\n              30.253729211980726\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.74742126464844,\n              30.216948502671475\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604c09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, Raymond M. Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, Michael E.","contributorId":101739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Sheree L.","contributorId":173580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Sheree","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30432,"text":"wri864156 - 1986 - Technique for predicting ground-water discharge to surface coal mines and resulting changes in head","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T10:30:02","indexId":"wri864156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4156","title":"Technique for predicting ground-water discharge to surface coal mines and resulting changes in head","docAbstract":"Changes in seepage flux and head (groundwater level) from groundwater drainage into a surface coal mine can be predicted by a technique that considers drainage from the unsaturated zone. The user applies site-specific data to precalculated head and seepage-flux profiles. Groundwater flow through hypothetical aquifer cross sections was simulated using the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference model, VS2D, which considers variably saturated two-dimensional flow. Conceptual models considered were (1) drainage to a first cut, and (2) drainage to multiple cuts, which includes drainage effects of an area surface mine. Dimensionless head and seepage flux profiles from 246 simulations are presented. Step-by-step instructions and examples are presented. Users are required to know aquifer characteristics and to estimate size and timing of the mine operation at a proposed site. Calculated groundwater drainage to the mine is from one excavated face only. First cut considers confined and unconfined aquifers of a wide range of permeabilities; multiple cuts considers unconfined aquifers of higher permeabilities only. The technique, developed for Illinois coal-mining regions that use area surface mining and evaluated with an actual field example, will be useful in assessing potential hydrologic impacts of mining. Application is limited to hydrogeologic settings and mine operations similar to those considered. Fracture flow, recharge, and leakage are nor considered. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864156","usgsCitation":"Weiss, L., Galloway, D., and Ishii, A., 1986, Technique for predicting ground-water discharge to surface coal mines and resulting changes in head: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4156, 217 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864156.","productDescription":"217 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59211,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6861ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, L.S.","contributorId":42261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"L.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ishii, Audrey L. alishii@usgs.gov","contributorId":1818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"Audrey L.","email":"alishii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27002,"text":"wri854171 - 1986 - Water-quality appraisal of NASQAN stations below impoundments, eastern Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri854171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4171","title":"Water-quality appraisal of NASQAN stations below impoundments, eastern Tennessee","docAbstract":"The National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) is a network of stations at which systematic and continuing water quality data are collected. Major objectives of this U.S. Geological Survey program are: (1) to depict areal variability of streamflow and water quality conditions nationwide on a year-by-year basis and (2) to detect long-term changes in streamflow and stream quality. Several NASQAN stations in East Tennessee are downstream from impoundments which have a significant effect on water quality. NASQAN data obtained from the Tennessee River below Watts Bar Dam and the Clinch River below Melton Hill Dam were compared to water quality data from the basins upstream. The comparison indicates that NASQAN data obtained below impoundments may not be adequate to describe a composite picture of water quality in the accounting unit. Detention time of storage in the impoundments is believed to moderate the range of constituent values observed at the NASQAN stations. Data obtained upstream and downstream from Watts Bar Dam indicate that the water sampled at the NASQAN station comes from stratified layers of the impoundment and is not representative of an integrated sample of water from the impoundment. Values of total recoverable iron suggest that, because of adsorption onto sediments in impoundments, some constituents are not accurately described by sampling below impoundments. Relations between water quality constituents and flow at stations on the Clinch River and Tennessee River are not well defined due to regulation. Direct load computations for many constituents were therefore not possible, which diminished the utility of data from these NASQAN stations to account for quantity versus quality of the water. Load computations were only possible for ionic constituents through use of a continuous specific conductance record as an intermediary. Rivers might reflect the decreasing trend in discharge during the 1972-82 water years. Thus the stations below Watts Bar Dam and below Melton Hill Dam do not adequately meet the NASQAN objective to detect and assess long-term changes in stream quality. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854171","usgsCitation":"Evaldi, R., and Lewis, J., 1986, Water-quality appraisal of NASQAN stations below impoundments, eastern Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4171, v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854171.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri85-4171","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evaldi, R. D.","contributorId":93909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evaldi","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, J.G.","contributorId":32570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":47701,"text":"wri854242 - 1986 - Hydrology of Hunters Lake, Hernando County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"wri854242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4242","title":"Hydrology of Hunters Lake, Hernando County, Florida","docAbstract":"The size and shape of Hunters Lake, Florida has been significantly altered by development of the surrounding Spring Hill residential community. The lake is the largest in Hernando County, enlarged by lakeshore excavation and connection to nearby ponds to an area of 360 acres at an average stage of 17.2 ft above sea level. Hunters Lake is naturally a closed lake, but development of Spring Hill has resulted in a surface water outflow from the lake in its southwest corner. Inflow to the lake could occur on the east side during extreme high-water periods. The karst terrain of the Hunters Lake area is internally drained through permeable soils, depressions, and sinkholes, and natural surface drainage is absent. The underlying Floridan aquifer system is unconfined except locally near coastal springs. Flow in the groundwater system is to the west regionally and to the southwest in the immediate area of Hunters Lake. Water level gradients in the groundwater system increase from 1.4 ft/mi east of the lake to about 8 ft/mi southwest of the lake. Hunters Lake is hydraulically connected to the groundwater system, receiving groundwater on the northeast side and losing water to the groundwater system on the southwest side. This close relationship with the groundwater system is demonstrated by graphical and numerical comparison of Hunters Lake stage with water levels in nearby groundwater sites. During 1965-84, the stage of Hunters Lake fluctuated between 12.48 and 20.7 ft above sea level. Because area lakes are all directly affected by groundwater levels, they also show a close relationship with water levels in Hunters Lake. Analysis of water quality data for Hunters Lake indicates that the water of the lake is a soft calcium bicarbonate type with ionic concentrations higher than in water from nearby shallow wells and lower than in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Samples collected in 1981-1983 indicate slightly higher levels of ionic concentration than in 1965-66. Distribution of specific conductance readings throughout the lake and water samples and specific conductance from upgradient sites indicates an inflow of more mineralized water into the northern part of the lake. Concentrations of nutrients, carbon, and phytoplankton in Hunters Lake are typical of lakes in this area of west-central Florida. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri854242","usgsCitation":"Henderson, S., 1986, Hydrology of Hunters Lake, Hernando County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4242, 1 map : col. ; 34 x 59 cm., on sheet 79 x 118 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854242.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 34 x 59 cm., on sheet 79 x 118 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":260400,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4242/report.pdf"},{"id":260401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4242/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":258734,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4242/plate-1.pdf","size":"15172","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, S.E.","contributorId":70806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}