{"pageNumber":"203","pageRowStart":"5050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70035997,"text":"70035997 - 2009 - A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T14:30:51","indexId":"70035997","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p><span>Erosion in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera (640&nbsp;ka), Wyoming, has exposed a cross section of older hydrothermal alteration in the canyon walls. The altered outcrops of the post-collapse tuff of Sulphur Creek (480&nbsp;ka) extend from the canyon rim to more than 300&nbsp;m beneath it. The hydrothermal minerals are zoned, with an advanced argillic alteration consisting of an association of quartz (opal)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>+</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>kaolinite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>alunite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>dickite, and an argillic or potassic alteration association with quartz</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>+</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>illite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>adularia. Disseminated fine-grained pyrite or marcasite is ubiquitous in both alteration types. These alteration associations are characteristic products of shallow volcanic epithermal environments. The contact between the two alteration types is about 100&nbsp;m beneath the rim. By analogy to other active geothermal systems including active hydrothermal springs in the Yellowstone Caldera, the transition from kaolinite to illite occurred at temperatures in the range 150 to 170&nbsp;°C. An<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age on alunite of 154,000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>16,000&nbsp;years suggests that hydrothermal activity has been ongoing since at least that time. A northwest-trending linear array of extinct and active hot spring centers in the Sevenmile Hole area implies a deeper structural control for the upflowing hydrothermal fluids. We interpret this deeper structure to be the Yellowstone Caldera ring fault that is covered by the younger tuff of Sulphur Creek. The Sevenmile Hole altered area lies at the eastern end of a band of hydrothermal centers that may mark the buried extension of the Yellowstone Caldera ring fault across the northern part of the Caldera.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.017","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Larson, P.B., Phillips, A., John, D.A., Cosca, M.A., Pritchard, C., Andersen, A., and Manion, J., 2009, A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 188, no. 1-3, p. 225-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-010785","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.017"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Sevenmile Hole, Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.54426193237303,\n              44.47801322108592\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.45602798461914,\n              44.47801322108592\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.45602798461914,\n              44.51805165000559\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54426193237303,\n              44.51805165000559\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54426193237303,\n              44.47801322108592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"188","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e501e4b0c8380cd46a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Peter B.","contributorId":22645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Allison","contributorId":196061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pritchard, Chad","contributorId":196055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pritchard","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andersen, Allen K. 0000-0002-6865-2561","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-2561","contributorId":196053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andersen","given":"Allen K.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Manion, Jennifer","contributorId":196062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manion","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035999,"text":"70035999 - 2009 - Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana","docAbstract":"Hydrochemical data are presented for groundwater samples, collected from fractured aquifers in parts of northern Ghana. The data was collected to assess the groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural use. Results of the study reveal that the pH of the groundwater in the area is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. The electrical conductivity values, total dissolved solids (TDS) values and calcium, magnesium and sodium concentrations in the groundwater are generally below the limit set by the WHO for potable water supply. On the basis of activity diagrams, groundwater from the fractured aquifers appears to be stable within the montmorillonite field, suggesting weathering of silicate minerals. An inverse distance weighting interpolator with a power of 2 was applied to the data points to produce prediction maps for nitrate and fluoride. The distribution maps show the presence of high nitrate concentrations (50-194??mg/l) in some of the boreholes in the western part of the study area indicating anthropogenic impact on the groundwater. Elevated fluoride level (1.5-4??mg/l), higher than the WHO allowable fluoride concentration of 1.5, is recorded in the groundwater underlying the northeastern part of the study area, more specifically Bongo and its surrounding communities of the Upper East region. Results of this study suggest that groundwater from the fractured aquifers in the area exhibit low sodicity-low salinity (S1-C1), low sodicity-medium salinity (S1-C2) characteristics [United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) classification scheme]. All data points from this study plot within the 'Excellent to good' category on a Wilcox diagram. Groundwater in this area thus appears to provide irrigation water of excellent quality. The hydrochemical results indicate that, although nitrate and fluoride concentrations in some boreholes are high, the groundwater in the study area, based on the parameters analyzed, is chemically potable and suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-008-1578-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Anku, Y., Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Asiedu, D., and Yidana, S., 2009, Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana: Environmental Geology, v. 58, no. 5, p. 989-997, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1578-4.","startPage":"989","endPage":"997","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216151,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1578-4"},{"id":244000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc86ae4b08c986b32c917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anku, Y.S.","contributorId":29661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anku","given":"Y.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banoeng-Yakubo, B.","contributorId":75332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banoeng-Yakubo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asiedu, D.K.","contributorId":84589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asiedu","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034804,"text":"70034804 - 2009 - Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034804","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton","docAbstract":"Atmospheric aerosol deposition is an important source of nutrients and trace metals to the open ocean that can enhance ocean productivity and carbon sequestration and thus influence atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate. Using aerosol samples from different back trajectories in incubation experiments with natural communities, we demonstrate that the response of phytoplankton growth to aerosol additions depends on specific components in aerosols and differs across phytoplankton species. Aerosol additions enhanced growth by releasing nitrogen and phosphorus, but not all aerosols stimulated growth. Toxic effects were observed with some aerosols, where the toxicity affected picoeukaryotes and Synechococcus but not Prochlorococcus.We suggest that the toxicity could be due to high copper concentrations in these aerosols and support this by laboratory copper toxicity tests preformed with Synechococcus cultures. However, it is possible that other elements present in the aerosols or unknown synergistic effects between these elements could have also contributed to the toxic effect. Anthropogenic emissions are increasing atmospheric copper deposition sharply, and based on coupled atmosphere-ocean calculations, we show that this deposition can potentially alter patterns of marine primary production and community structure in high aerosol, low chlorophyll areas, particularly in the Bay of Bengal and downwind of South and East Asia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0811486106","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Paytan, A., Mackey, K., Chen, Y., Lima, I., Doney, S., Mahowald, N., Labiosa, R., and Post, A., 2009, Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. 12, p. 4601-4605, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811486106.","startPage":"4601","endPage":"4605","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476125,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2653564","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811486106"},{"id":243675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5f6e4b08c986b3269b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mackey, K.R.M.","contributorId":25009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackey","given":"K.R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lima, I.D.","contributorId":87778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lima","given":"I.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doney, S.C.","contributorId":80110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doney","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahowald, N.","contributorId":56878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahowald","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Labiosa, R.","contributorId":33138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Post, A.F.","contributorId":104729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034763,"text":"70034763 - 2009 - Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T16:08:13","indexId":"70034763","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","docAbstract":"We present a mid to late Holocene sea-level record derived from drilling the New Jersey coast that shows a relatively constant rise of 1.8??mm/yr from ~ 5000 to 500 calibrated calendar years before present (yrBP). This contrasts with previous New Jersey estimates that showed only 0.5??mm/yr rise since 2000??yrBP. Comparison with other Mid-Atlantic sea-level records (Delaware to southern New England) indicates surprising uniformity considering different proximities to the peripheral bulge of the Laurentide ice sheet, with a relative rise throughout the region of ~ 1.7-1.9??mm/yr since ~ 5000??yrBP. This regional sea-level rise includes both: 1) global sea-level (eustatic) rise; and 2) far-field geoidal subsidence (estimated as ~ 0.8-1.4??mm/yr today) due to removal of the Laurentide ice sheet and water loading. Correcting for geoidal subsidence, the U.S. east coast records suggest a global sea-level (eustatic) rise of ~ 0.4-1.0??mm/yr (with a best estimate of 0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr) since 5000??yrBP. Comparison with other records provides a best estimate of pre-anthropogenic global sea-level rise of < 1.0??mm/yr from 5000 until ~ 200??yrBP. Tide gauge data indicate a 20th century rate of eustatic rise of 1.8??mm/yr, whereas both tide gauge and satellite data suggest an increase in the rate of rise to ~ 3.3??mm/yr from 1993-2006 AD. This indicates that the modern rise (~ 3.3??mm/yr) is significantly higher than the pre-anthropogenic rise (0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr). ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J.V., Horton, B.P., Stanley, A., Kahn, A., Uptegrove, J., and Aucott, M., 2009, Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes: Global and Planetary Change, v. 66, no. 1-2, p. 10-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.63037109375,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.63037109375,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b881ae4b08c986b3167df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter J.","contributorId":9251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Alissa","contributorId":26156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Alissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kahn, Alicia","contributorId":45136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahn","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Uptegrove, Jane","contributorId":35406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uptegrove","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aucott, Michael","contributorId":67320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036050,"text":"70036050 - 2009 - Evidence for prolonged El Nino-like conditions in the Pacific during the Late Pleistocene: a 43 ka noble gas record from California groundwaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:17:41","indexId":"70036050","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for prolonged El Nino-like conditions in the Pacific during the Late Pleistocene: a 43 ka noble gas record from California groundwaters","docAbstract":"Information on the ocean/atmosphere state over the period spanning the Last Glacial Maximum - from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene - provides crucial constraints on the relationship between orbital forcing and global climate change. The Pacific Ocean is particularly important in this respect because of its dominant role in exporting heat and moisture from the tropics to higher latitudes. Through targeting groundwaters in the Mojave Desert, California, we show that noble gas derived temperatures in California averaged 4.2 ?? 1.1 ??C cooler in the Late Pleistocene (from ???43 to ???12 ka) compared to the Holocene (from ???10 to ???5 ka). Furthermore, the older groundwaters contain higher concentrations of excess air (entrained air bubbles) and have elevated oxygen-18/oxygen-16 ratios (??<sup>18</sup>O) - indicators of vigorous aquifer recharge, and greater rainfall amounts and/or more intense precipitation events, respectively. Together, these paleoclimate indicators reveal that cooler and wetter conditions prevailed in the Mojave Desert from ???43 to ???12 ka. We suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, the Pacific ocean/atmosphere state was similar to present-day El Nino-like patterns, and was characterized by prolonged periods of weak trade winds, weak upwelling along the eastern Pacific margin, and increased precipitation in the southwestern U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.008","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J., Hilton, D.R., Izbicki, J., and Belitz, K., 2009, Evidence for prolonged El Nino-like conditions in the Pacific during the Late Pleistocene: a 43 ka noble gas record from California groundwaters: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 28, no. 23-24, p. 2465-2473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.008.","startPage":"2465","endPage":"2473","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.008"}],"volume":"28","issue":"23-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4fe4b0c8380cd52f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulongoski, J.T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":61213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilton, David R.","contributorId":37116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036056,"text":"70036056 - 2009 - Subsurface control on seafloor erosional processes offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T14:28:59","indexId":"70036056","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface control on seafloor erosional processes offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Chandeleur Islands lie on the eastern side of the modern Mississippi River delta plain, near the edge of the St. Bernard Delta complex. Since abandonment approximately 2,000 years&nbsp;</span><span class=\"EmphasisTypeSmallCaps \">b.p.</span><span>, this delta complex has undergone subsidence and ravinement as the shoreline has transgressed across it. High-resolution seismic-reflection, sidescan-sonar, and bathymetry data show that seafloor erosion is influenced by locally variable shallow stratigraphy. The data reveal two general populations of shallow erosional depressions, either linear or subcircular in shape. Linear depressions occur primarily where sandy distributary-channel deposits are exposed on the seafloor. The subcircular pits are concentrated in areas where delta-front deposits crop out, and occasional seismic blanking indicates that gas is present. The difference in erosional patterns suggests that delta-front and distributary-channel deposits respond uniquely to wave and current energy expended on the inner shelf, particularly during stormy periods. Linear depressions may be the result of the sandy distributary-channel deposits eroding more readily by waves and coastal currents than the surrounding delta-front deposits. Pits may develop as gas discharge or liquefaction occurs within fine-grained delta-front deposits, causing seafloor collapse. These detailed observations suggest that ravinement of this inner shelf surface may be ongoing, is controlled by the underlying stratigraphy, and has varied morphologic expression.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-009-0150-x","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Pendleton, E., Baldwin, W.E., and Flocks, J.G., 2009, Subsurface control on seafloor erosional processes offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 29, no. 6, p. 349-358, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-009-0150-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-012502","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-009-0150-x"},{"id":246618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d5ce4b08c986b31d7dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David","contributorId":15871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A. ependleton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","email":"ependleton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034721,"text":"70034721 - 2009 - Thiamine content of eggs and lengths of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in eastern Lake ontario, 2003 to 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T12:55:48.608574","indexId":"70034721","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thiamine content of eggs and lengths of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in eastern Lake ontario, 2003 to 2006","docAbstract":"Early mortality syndrome in fry of Great Lakes salmonines is linked to reduced levels of thiamine in eggs, which reflects maternal consumption of forage fishes such as alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) that contain thiaminase, an enzyme that destroys thiamine. We assessed annual variations in abundance and condition of alewives and thiamine status of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Lake Ontario. We analyzed total thiamine in eggs of 20 coho salmon collected annually between 2003 and 2006 at the Salmon River Hatchery on the Salmon River, New York. Alewife abundance was assessed annually in southern and eastern Lake Ontario with bottom trawls during late April and early May. Mean thiamine concentration in eggs varied annually, with those collected in 2003 (2.5 nmol/g) being significantly higher than those collected in 2004 to 2006 (1.5 to 1.7 nmol/g). Although we did not test survival of fry, if reported threshold levels of thiamine for preventing mortality of Lake Michigan coho salmon fry apply, then many or most Lake Ontario coho salmon produced fry were likely to incur thiamine-deficiency mortality, especially during years 2004 to 2006. Comparison to indices of annual abundance of alewife in Lake Ontario with thiamine concentration in coho salmon eggs failed to show any significant correlations (P > 0.05). However, total length of female spawning coho salmon was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with increasing condition and estimated energy content of adult alewives in the previous spring. These results suggest that growth of coho salmon in Lake Ontario was first limited by energy intake, whereas the amount of thiamine provided by alewives was sufficient for growth (in length) but not for producing thiamine-adequate eggs.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2009.9664289","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., Rinchard, J., O'Gorman, R., Begnoche, L., Bishop, D., and Greulich, A., 2009, Thiamine content of eggs and lengths of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in eastern Lake ontario, 2003 to 2006: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 247-254, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2009.9664289.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2009.9664289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","otherGeospatial":"East Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.57470703125,\n              44.24519901522129\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.05810546875,\n              43.866218006556394\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.46435546875,\n              43.9058083561574\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.662109375,\n              43.34116005412307\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.06884765624999,\n              43.389081939117496\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.552490234375,\n              43.229195113965005\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.92626953125,\n              43.26920624914964\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13525390624999,\n              43.57243174740972\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26708984375,\n              43.858296779161826\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.09130859375,\n              43.98491011404692\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.57470703125,\n              44.24519901522129\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb294e4b08c986b3258c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinchard, J.","contributorId":79290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinchard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Begnoche, L.J.","contributorId":103025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bishop, D.L.","contributorId":19393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greulich, A.W.","contributorId":9490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greulich","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037038,"text":"70037038 - 2009 - Fine-scale relief related to late holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:22:23.63954","indexId":"70037038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale relief related to late holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Erosional and depositional bedforms have been imaged at outcrop scale in the upper Redondo Fan, in the San Pedro Basin of offshore Southern California in ≥600 m water depths, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is equipped with multibeam and chirp sub-bottom sonars. Sampling and photographic images using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Remotely Operated Vehicle<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tiburon</i><span>&nbsp;</span>provide groundtruth for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey. The 0·3 m vertical and 1·5 m lateral bathymetric resolution and 0·1 m sub-bottom profile resolution provide unprecedented detail of bedform morphology and structure. Multiple channels within the Redondo Fan have been active at different times during the Late Holocene (0 to 3000 yr<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"smallCaps\">bp</span>). The currently active channel extending from Redondo Canyon makes an abrupt 90° turn at the canyon mouth before resuming a south-easterly course along the east side of the Redondo Fan. This channel is floored by sand and characterized by small steps generally &lt;1 m in relief, spaced 10 to 80 m in the down-channel direction. A broader channel complex lies along the western side of the fan valley that was last active more than 850 years ago. Two distinct trains of large scours, with widths ranging from tens to a few hundred metres and depths of 20 m, occur on the floor of the western channel complex, which has a thin mud drape. If observed in cross-section only, these large scours would probably be misidentified as the thalweg of an active channel.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Paull, C.K., Caress, D., Ussler, W., and Sliter, R., 2009, Fine-scale relief related to late holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California: Sedimentology, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1690-1704, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1690","endPage":"1704","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476408,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245272,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.1932456322206,\n              34.42192043909904\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1932456322206,\n              33.1619835211291\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80896828847048,\n              33.1619835211291\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80896828847048,\n              34.42192043909904\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1932456322206,\n              34.42192043909904\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1026e4b0c8380cd53b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caress, D.W.","contributorId":14201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caress","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ussler, W. III","contributorId":101048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ussler","given":"W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036458,"text":"70036458 - 2009 - Mineralogy of soils from two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada and its relation to soil geochemistry and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy of soils from two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada and its relation to soil geochemistry and climate","docAbstract":"Quantitative mineralogy correlates with major-, minor- and trace-element chemistry for 387 samples of A-horizon and deeper soils collected from east-west and north-south transects across the USA and Canada, where the deeper soils were collected beneath the A-horizon samples. Concentrations of the major elements correlate with specific mineral phases. Minor- and trace-element concentrations correlate with the same phases as the major elements with which they share similar geochemical behavior. Concentrations of quartz and feldspar correlate with precipitation trends east of the Rocky Mountains, and are independent of the underlying rock type and age, indicating that the weathering of soils in this region may have reached a steady-state mineralogy. Other trends in mineralogy relate to physiographic province. The combination of quantitative mineralogy and chemical analysis yields a much richer portrait of soils than can be gained from chemistry alone, because the origins of chemical trends and the chemical availability of specific elements are related to mineralogy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.010","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., and Smith, D.B., 2009, Mineralogy of soils from two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada and its relation to soil geochemistry and climate: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1394-1404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.010.","startPage":"1394","endPage":"1404","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218413,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.010"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ad8e4b0c8380cd6f17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036484,"text":"70036484 - 2009 - A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036484","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA","docAbstract":"A soil geochemical survey was conducted in a 27,000-km<sup>2</sup> study area of northern California that includes the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the Sacramento Valley, and the northern Coast Range. The results show that soil geochemistry in the Sacramento Valley is controlled primarily by the transport and weathering of parent material from the Coast Range to the west and the Sierra Nevada to the east. Chemically and mineralogically distinctive ultramafic (UM) rocks (e.g. serpentinite) outcrop extensively in the Coast Range and Sierra Nevada. These rocks and the soils derived from them have elevated concentrations of Cr and Ni. Surface soil samples derived from UM rocks of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range contain 1700-10,000 mg/kg Cr and 1300-3900 mg/kg Ni. Valley soils west of the Sacramento River contain 80-1420 mg/kg Cr and 65-224 mg/kg Ni, reflecting significant contributions from UM sources in the Coast Range. Valley soils on the east side contain 30-370 mg/kg Cr and 16-110 mg/kg Ni. Lower Cr and Ni concentrations on the east side of the valley are the result of greater dilution by granitic sources of the Sierra Nevada. Chromium occurs naturally in the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) oxidation states. Trivalent Cr is a non-toxic micronutrient, but Cr(VI) is a highly soluble toxin and carcinogen. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of soils with an UM parent show Cr primarily occurs within chromite and other mixed-composition spinels (Al, Mg, Fe, Cr). Chromite contains Cr(III) and is highly refractory with respect to weathering. Comparison of a 4-acid digestion (HNO<sub>3</sub>, HCl, HF, HClO<sub>4</sub>), which only partially dissolves chromite, and total digestion by lithium metaborate (LiBO<sub>3</sub>) fusion, indicates a lower proportion of chromite-bound Cr in valley soils relative to UM source soils. Groundwater on the west side of the Sacramento Valley has particularly high concentrations of dissolved Cr ranging up to 50 ??g L<sup>-1</sup> and averaging 16.4 ??g L<sup>-1</sup>. This suggests redistribution of Cr during weathering and oxidation of Cr(III)-bearing minerals. It is concluded that regional-scale transport and weathering of ultramafic-derived constituents have resulted in enrichment of Cr and Ni in the Sacramento Valley and a partial change in the residence of Cr.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J., Goldhaber, M., Lee, L., Holloway, J., Wanty, R., Wolf, R., and Ranville, J., 2009, A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1500-1511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027.","startPage":"1500","endPage":"1511","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027"},{"id":246320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e544e4b0c8380cd46c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, J.M.","contributorId":9063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wolf, R.E.","contributorId":11827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036996,"text":"70036996 - 2009 - Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036996","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling","docAbstract":"<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of biotite from felsic orthogneiss recovered from the -3890-foot level of the Island Beach State Park (IBSP) well beneath the outer New Jersey Coastal Plain was accomplished using CO<sub>2</sub> laser incremental-heating techniques. Over 75% of the Ar released from the incremental-heating experiment form a well-behaved plateau with a calculated age of 243.98 ?? 0.10 Ma. The new 244 Ma biotite age reported here is a cooling age younger than the metamorphic event that crystallized or reheated the biotite. We consider reheating of older biotite to be unlikely because the concordant <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar spectrum upon repeated incremental laser heating showed a well-developed plateau. Thus, biotites from the IBSP gneiss are interpreted as having crystallized during a single thermal event, followed by cooling to below 300 ??C. The IBSP well falls on a structural and geophysical anomaly trend that is along strike with rocks of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium to the north of the IBSP gneiss. Locally graphitic metasedimentary schists and gneisses recovered from New Jersey wells inboard of the IBSP well gneiss correlate to similar lithologies of the Connecticut Valley synclinorium west of the Hartford basin. Our reinterpretation of the IBSP gneiss as metamorphosed dacite or dacitic tuff is consistent with a correlation to some rocks of the Bronson Hill magmatic arc east of the Hartford basin. If correct, this would imply a Late Ordovician age for the protolith of the IBSP gneiss. Reported <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite ages of 235-253 Ma from southwestern Rhode Island, and of 238-247 Ma from southeastern Connecticut, are interpreted as cooling ages following a tectonothermal event associated with the Alleghanian orogeny (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian). Cooling ages of Alleghanian age (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) are not recognized west of the Bronson Hill volcanic arc in either central Connecticut or in Massachusetts. Therefore, the 244 Ma cooling age presented here, and the geochemical affinity of the IBSP gneiss to some orthogneisses of the Bronson Hill arc, support an interpretation of the IBSP well as representing the southern continuation of the Bronson Hill arc into New Jersey. Moreover, it documents the presence of rocks beneath the outer New Jersey Coastal Plain that experienced a Permian Alleghanian metamorphism. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Maguire, T., Volkert, R., Swisher, C.C., and Sheridan, R.E., 2009, Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 48, no. 1, p. 23-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001.","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001"},{"id":245506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d34e4b0c8380cd52e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maguire, T.J.","contributorId":82512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swisher, C. C. III","contributorId":39139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037362,"text":"70037362 - 2009 - Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T14:54:41.531875","indexId":"70037362","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p>At Hancock Summit West, Nevada, western USA, uppermost Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) and lower and middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) rocks of the lower Guilmette Formation include, in stratigraphic sequence, carbonate-platform facies of the conodont<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zones; the type Alamo Breccia Member of the middle<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone; and slope facies of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hassi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zones. The catastrophically deposited Alamo Breccia and related phenomena record the ~&nbsp;382&nbsp;Ma Alamo event, produced by a km-scale bolide impact into a marine setting seaward of an extensive carbonate platform fringing western North America. Re-evaluation of conodonts from the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member, together with regional sedimentologic and conodont biofacies comparisons, now firmly locates the onset of the Johnson et al. (1985) transgressive–regressive (T–R) cycle IIc, which occurred after the start of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone, within a parautochthonous megablock low in the Alamo Breccia.</p><p>Whole-rock carbon isotope analyses through the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member reveal two positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>excursions: (1) a small, 3‰ excursion, which is possibly correlative with the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event previously identified from sections in Western Europe and Australia, occurs below the breccia in the Upper<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone to early part of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone; and (2) a large, multi-part excursion, dominated by a 6‰ positive shift, begins above the start of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone and onset of T–R cycle IIc and continues above the Alamo Breccia, ending near the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i>–<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hassi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>zonal boundary. This large excursion correlates with the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event, a major positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C excursion previously recognized in eastern Laurussia and northern Gondwana. Consistent with previous studies, at Hancock Summit West the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event is apparently not associated with any regional extinctions or ecosystem reorganizations.</p><p>In the study area, onset of the main<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event began after the start of both the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone and T–R cycle IIc, and preceded the Alamo impact by less than 650&nbsp;k.y., as inferred from conodont biochronologic and regional rock-accumulation rate estimates. Although complicated by the heterolithic, high-energy deposits of the Alamo Breccia, the carbon isotope record of the breccia and post-breccia beds does not indicate a major impact-correlative perturbation to the carbon cycle.</p><p>This study extends recognition of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event to western Laurussia, further reinforcing the potential global scale of the event and its potential importance to understanding early to middle Frasnian marine geochemistry and palaeoenvironments. Based on previous models and our observations, increased tectonic activity, increased nutrient flux to oceans, increased marine bioproductivity, widespread anoxia, and increased organic carbon burial were all likely key factors in driving the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event excursion. Furthermore, periodic eustatic and regional relative sea-level rises may have played an important role in promoting organic carbon burial and in maintaining a link between the primary open-marine geochemical signal and that recorded on the shallow-marine, lower Guilmette carbonate platform.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Morrow, J.R., Sandberg, C., Malkowski, K., and Joachimski, M., 2009, Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 282, no. 1-4, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science 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R.","contributorId":58716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malkowski, K.","contributorId":54819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malkowski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joachimski, M.M.","contributorId":54436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joachimski","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036588,"text":"70036588 - 2009 - A spatial model to prioritize sagebrush landscapes in the intermountain west (U.S.A.) for restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T11:33:45","indexId":"70036588","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial model to prioritize sagebrush landscapes in the intermountain west (U.S.A.) for restoration","docAbstract":"The ecological integrity of Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the Intermountain West (U.S.A.) has been diminished by synergistic relationships among human activities, spread of invasive plants, and altered disturbance regimes. An aggressive effort to restore Sagebrush habitats is necessary if we are to stabilize or improve current habitat trajectories and reverse declining population trends of dependent wildlife. Existing economic resources, technical impediments, and logistic difficulties limit our efforts to a fraction of the extensive area undergoing fragmentation, degradation, and loss. We prioritized landscapes for restoring Sagebrush habitats within the intermountain western region of the United States using geographic information system (GIS) modeling techniques to identify areas meeting a set of conditions based on (1) optimum abiotic and biotic conditions favorable for revegetation of Sagebrush; (2) potential to increase connectivity of Sagebrush habitats in the landscape to benefit wildlife; (3) location of population strongholds for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, a species of conservation concern); and (4) potential impediments to successful restoration created by Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum, an invasive exotic annual grass). Approximately 5.8 million ha in southwestern Idaho, northern Nevada, and eastern Oregon met our criteria for restoring Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) and 5.1 million ha had high priority for restoring Mountain big sagebrush (A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana). Our results represent an integral component in a hierarchical framework after which site-specific locations for treatments can be focused within high-priority areas. Using this approach, long-term restoration strategies can be implemented that combine local-scale treatments and objectives with large-scale ecological processes and priorities. ?? 2008 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00400.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Meinke, C., Knick, S., and Pyke, D., 2009, A spatial model to prioritize sagebrush landscapes in the intermountain west (U.S.A.) for restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 17, no. 5, p. 652-659, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00400.x.","startPage":"652","endPage":"659","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00400.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a1e4b0c8380cd46eaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinke, C.W.","contributorId":21347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinke","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knick, S.T.","contributorId":71290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, D.A.","contributorId":62713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036614,"text":"70036614 - 2009 - Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036614","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus)","docAbstract":"Models of species' demographic features are commonly used to understand population dynamics and inform management tactics. Hierarchical demographic models are ideal for the assessment of non-indigenous species because our knowledge of non-indigenous populations is usually limited, data on demographic traits often come from a species' native range, these traits vary among populations, and traits are likely to vary considerably over time as species adapt to new environments. Hierarchical models readily incorporate this spatiotemporal variation in species' demographic traits by representing demographic parameters as multi-level hierarchies. As is done for traditional non-hierarchical matrix models, sensitivity and elasticity analyses are used to evaluate the contributions of different life stages and parameters to estimates of population growth rate. We applied a hierarchical model to northern snakehead (Channa argus), a fish currently invading the eastern United States. We used a Monte Carlo approach to simulate uncertainties in the sensitivity and elasticity analyses and to project future population persistence under selected management tactics. We gathered key biological information on northern snakehead natural mortality, maturity and recruitment in its native Asian environment. We compared the model performance with and without hierarchy of parameters. Our results suggest that ignoring the hierarchy of parameters in demographic models may result in poor estimates of population size and growth and may lead to erroneous management advice. In our case, the hierarchy used multi-level distributions to simulate the heterogeneity of demographic parameters across different locations or situations. The probability that the northern snakehead population will increase and harm the native fauna is considerable. Our elasticity and prognostic analyses showed that intensive control efforts immediately prior to spawning and/or juvenile-dispersal periods would be more effective (and probably require less effort) than year-round control efforts. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the hierarchy of parameters in estimating population growth rate and evaluating different management strategies for non-indigenous invasive species. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Jiao, Y., Lapointe, N., Angermeier, P., and Murphy, B., 2009, Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus): Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 13-14, p. 1681-1689, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1689","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008"},{"id":245604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"13-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a309ae4b0c8380cd5d7ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiao, Y.","contributorId":22996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapointe, N.W.R.","contributorId":76558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapointe","given":"N.W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, B.R.","contributorId":88986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036994,"text":"70036994 - 2009 - Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T10:26:56","indexId":"70036994","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) initiated a pilot study that involved collection of more than 1500 soil samples from 221 sites along two continental transects across Canada and the United States. The pilot study was designed to test and refine protocols for a soil geochemical survey of North America. The two transects crossed a wide array of soil parent materials, soil ages, climatic conditions, landforms, land covers and land uses. Sample sites were selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals from a population defined as all soils of the continent. At each site, soils representing 0 to 5 cm depth, and the O, A, and C horizons, if present, were collected and analyzed for their near-total content of over 40 major and trace elements. Soils from 0–5 cm depth were also collected for analysis of organic compounds. Results from the transects confirm that soil samples collected at a 40-km spacing reveal coherent, continental- to subcontinental-scale geochemical and mineralogical patterns that can be correlated to aspects of underlying soil parent material, soil age and climate influence. The geochemical data also demonstrate that at the continental-scale the dominance of any of these major factors that control soil geochemistry can change across the landscape. Along both transects, soil mineralogy and geochemistry change abruptly with changes in soil parent materials. However, the chemical influence of a soil’s parent material can be obscured by changing climatic conditions. For the transects, increasing precipitation from west to east and increasing temperature from north to south affect both soil mineralogy and geochemistry because of climate effects on soil weathering and leaching, and plant productivity. Regional anomalous metal concentrations can be linked to natural variations in soil parent materials, such as high Ni and Cr in soils developed on ultramafic rocks in California or high P in soils formed on weathered Ordovician limestones in central Kentucky. On local scales, anomalous metal concentrations recognized in soil profiles, such as high P in soils from animal confinement sites, are consistent with local anthropogenic disturbances. At a larger scale, the distribution of Hg across the west to east transect demonstrates that it can be difficult to distinguish between natural or anthropogenic contributions and that many factors can contribute to an element’s spatial distribution.\n\nOnly three samples in a subset of seventy-three 0–5 cm depth soil samples from the north to south transect had organochlorine pesticides values above the method detection limit, apparently related to historic usage of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W., Eberl, D.D., Smith, D.B., Kilburn, J., Horton, J., Garrett, R.G., and Klassen, R., 2009, Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1369-1381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1381","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009"},{"id":245475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,83.1 ], [ -52.6,83.1 ], [ -52.6,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa51e4b0c8380cd4da45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horton, J.D. 0000-0003-2969-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":85710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Klassen, R.A.","contributorId":60803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klassen","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034427,"text":"70034427 - 2009 - Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034427","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?","docAbstract":"[1] The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is a classic narrow rift that developed in hot, weak lithosphere, not in the initially cold, thick, and strong lithosphere that would be predicted by common models of rift mode formation. Our new 1-D seismic velocity profiles from Rayleigh wave/receiver function joint inversion across the MER and the Ethiopian Plateau indicate that hot lower crust and upper mantle are present throughout the broad region affected by Oligocene flood basalt volcanism, including both the present rift and the adjacent Ethiopian Plateau hundreds of kilometers from the rift valley. The region of hot lithosphere closely corresponds to the region of flood basalt volcanism, and we interpret that the volcanism and thermal perturbation were jointly caused by impingement of the Afar plume head. Across the affected region, Vs is 3.6-3.8 km/s in the lowermost crust and ???4.3 km/s in the uppermost mantle, both ??0.3 km/s lower than in the eastern and western branches of the East African Rift System to the south. We interpret the low Vs in the lower crust and upper mantle as indicative of hot lithosphere with partial melt. Our results lead to a hybrid rift mode, in which the brittle upper crust has developed as a narrow rift along the Neoproterozoic suture between East and West Gondwana, while at depth lithospheric deformation is distributed over the broad region (??400 km wide) thermally perturbed by the broad thermal upwelling associated with the Afar plume head. Development of both the East African Rift System to the south (in cold, strong lithosphere) and the MER to the north (in hot, weak lithosphere) as narrow rifts, despite their vastly different initial thermal states and depth-integrated lithospheric strength, indicates that common models of rift mode formation that focus only on temperature, thickness, and vertical strength profiles do not apply to these classic continental rifts. Instead, inherited structure and associated lithospheric weaknesses are the primary control on the mode of extension. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002293","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Keranen, K., Klemperer, S., Julia, J., Lawrence, J.F., and Nyblade, A., 2009, Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002293.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476395,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002293"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a08e4b0c8380cd68a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keranen, K.M.","contributorId":21788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keranen","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemperer, S.L.","contributorId":52734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Julia, J.","contributorId":47202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawrence, J. F.","contributorId":14224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7033,"text":"School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nyblade, A.A.","contributorId":75703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyblade","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036818,"text":"70036818 - 2009 - Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70036818","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States","docAbstract":"Sand-wedge casts, soil wedges and other non-diastrophic, post-depositional sedimentary structures suggest that Late-Pleistocene permafrost and deep seasonal frost on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain extended at least as far south as southern Delaware, the Eastern Shore and southern Maryland. Heterogeneous cold-climate slope deposits mantle lower valley-side slopes in central Maryland. A widespread pre-existing fragipan is congruent with the inferred palaeo-permafrost table. The high bulk density of the fragipan was probably enhanced by either thaw consolidation when icy permafrost degraded at the active layer-permafrost interface or by liquefaction and compaction when deep seasonal frost thawed. ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ppp.659","issn":"10456740","usgsCitation":"French, H., Demitroff, M., and Newell, W.L., 2009, Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 20, no. 3, p. 285-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.659.","startPage":"285","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217485,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.659"},{"id":245436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7587e4b0c8380cd77bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, H.","contributorId":15441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demitroff, M.","contributorId":101891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demitroff","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L. wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":99114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036825,"text":"70036825 - 2009 - Low-btu gas in the US Midcontinent: A challenge for geologists and engineers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-18T13:41:04","indexId":"70036825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-btu gas in the US Midcontinent: A challenge for geologists and engineers","docAbstract":"Several low-btu gas plays can be defined by mapping gas quality by geological horizon in the Midcontinent. Some of the more inviting plays include Permian strata west of the Central Kansas uplift and on the eastern flank of Hugoton field and Mississippi chat and other pays that subcrop beneath (and directly overlie) the basal Pennsylvanian angular unconformity at the southern end of the Central Kansas uplift. Successful development of these plays will require the cooperation of reservoir geologists and process engineers so that the gas can be economically upgraded and sold at a nominal pipeline quality of 950 btu/scf or greater. Nitrogen is the major noncombustible contaminant in these gas fields, and various processes can be utilized to separate it from the hydrocarbon gases. Helium, which is usually found in percentages corresponding to nitrogen, is a possible ancillary sales product in this region. Its separation from the nitrogen, of course, requires additional processing. The engineering solution for low-btu gas depends on the rates, volumes, and chemistry of the gas needing upgrading. Cryogenic methods of nitrogen removal are classically used for larger feed volumes, but smaller feed volumes characteristic of isolated, low-pressure gas fields can now be handled by available small-scale PSA technologies. Operations of these PSA plants are now downscaled for upgrading stripper well gas production. Any nitrogen separation process should be sized, within reason, to match the anticipated flow rate. If the reservoir rock surprises to the upside, the modularity of the upgrading units is critical, for they can be stacked to meet higher volumes. If a reservoir disappoints (and some will), modularity allows the asset to be moved to another site without breaking the bank.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Newell, K.D., Bhattacharya, S., and Sears, M.S., 2009, Low-btu gas in the US Midcontinent: A challenge for geologists and engineers: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 107, no. 34, p. 35-44.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-107/issue-34/exploration___development/low-btu-gas-in-the-us-midcontinent-a-challenge-for-geologists-and-engineers.html"}],"country":"United States","volume":"107","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a1be4b0c8380cd68b02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, K. David","contributorId":76074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhattacharya, Saibal","contributorId":78927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"Saibal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sears, M. Scott","contributorId":91340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sears","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036863,"text":"70036863 - 2009 - Dynamics of national forests assessed using the Landsat record: Case studies in eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:04:15","indexId":"70036863","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of national forests assessed using the Landsat record: Case studies in eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The national forests (NFs) in the United States are protected areas managed for multiple purposes, and therefore are subject to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Monitoring forest changes arising from such disturbances and the post-disturbance recovery processes is essential for assessing the conditions of the NFs and the effectiveness of management approaches. In this study, we used time series stacks of Landsat images (LTSS) to evaluate the dynamics of seven NFs in eastern United States, including the De Soto NF, the Talladega NF, the Francis Marion NF, and the Uwharrie NF in southeastern U.S., and the Chequamegon NF, the Hiawatha NF, and the Superior NF in northern U.S. Each LTSS consisted of 12–14 Landsat images acquired for the same location, spanning from 1984 to 2006 with a nominal interval of one image every 2&nbsp;years. Each LTSS was analyzed using a vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm to map forest disturbance. Accuracy assessments of the derived disturbance maps revealed that they had overall accuracy values of about 80%, with most of the disturbance classes having user's accuracies ranging from 70% to 95%. The producer's accuracies were generally lower, with the majority being in the range between 50% and 70%. While this may suggest that the disturbance maps could slightly underestimate disturbances, a more detailed assessment of the omission errors revealed that the majority of the disagreements were due to minor disturbances like thinning or storm damages that were identified by the image analysts but were not captured by the VCT algorithm.</p><p id=\"\">The derived disturbance year maps revealed that while each of the seven NFs consisted of 90% or more forest land, significant portions of the forests were disturbed since 1984. Mapped disturbances accounted for about 30%–45% of total land area in the four NFs in southeastern U.S. and about 10%–20% in the three NFs in northern U.S. The disturbance rates were generally higher in the buffer zones surrounding each NF, and varied considerably over time. The time series approach employed in this study represents a new approach for monitoring forest resources using the Landsat or similar satellite data records. The disturbance products derived using this approach were spatially explicit and contained much more temporal details than conventional bi-temporal change products, and likely will be found more useful by many users including ecologists and resources managers. The high disturbance rates found in the southeastern U.S. suggest that this region may have a more significant role in modulating the atmospheric carbon budget than currently recognized.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.016","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Huang, C., Goward, S., Schleeweis, K., Thomas, N., Masek, J.G., and Zhu, Z., 2009, Dynamics of national forests assessed using the Landsat record: Case studies in eastern United States: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 7, p. 1430-1442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.016.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1430","endPage":"1442","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217718,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.016"}],"volume":"113","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0434e4b0c8380cd50855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, C.","contributorId":65255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goward, S.N.","contributorId":94514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goward","given":"S.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schleeweis, K.","contributorId":10258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleeweis","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masek, J. G.","contributorId":105883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037246,"text":"70037246 - 2009 - Windthrow and salvage logging in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037246","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Windthrow and salvage logging in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest","docAbstract":"Although the initial response to salvage (also known as, post-disturbance or sanitary) logging is known to vary among system components, little is known about longer term forest recovery. We examine forest overstory, understory, soil, and microtopographic response 25 years after a 1977 severe wind disturbance on the Flambeau River State Forest in Wisconsin, USA, a portion of which was salvage logged. Within this former old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest, tree dominance has shifted from Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to broad-leaf deciduous species (Ulmus americana, Acer saccharum, Tilia americana, Populus tremuloides, and Betula alleghaniensis) in both the salvaged and unsalvaged areas. While the biological legacies of pre-disturbance seedlings, saplings, and mature trees were initially more abundant in the unsalvaged area, regeneration through root suckers and stump sprouts was common in both areas. After 25 years, tree basal area, sapling density, shrub layer density, and seedling cover had converged between unsalvaged and salvaged areas. In contrast, understory herb communities differed between salvaged and unsalvaged forest, with salvaged forest containing significantly higher understory herb richness and cover, and greater dominance of species benefiting from disturbance, especially Solidago species. Soil bulk density, pH, organic carbon content, and organic nitrogen content were also significantly higher in the salvaged area. The structural legacy of tip-up microtopography remains more pronounced in the unsalvaged area, with significantly taller tip-up mounds and deeper pits. Mosses and some forest herbs, including Athyrium filix-femina and Hydrophyllum virginianum, showed strong positive responses to this tip-up microrelief, highlighting the importance of these structural legacies for understory biodiversity. In sum, although the pathways of recovery differed, this forest appeared to be as resilient to the compound disturbances of windthrow plus salvage logging as to wind disturbance alone, by most vegetative measures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.042","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Lang, K., Schulte, L., and Guntenspergen, G., 2009, Windthrow and salvage logging in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 259, no. 1, p. 56-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.042.","startPage":"56","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476436,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/16","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.042"},{"id":245124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"259","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd12be4b08c986b32f28d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, K.D.","contributorId":53630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulte, L.A.","contributorId":10131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036888,"text":"70036888 - 2009 - Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036888","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"In vitro bioaccessibility tests (IVBA) are inexpensive, physiologically-based extraction tests designed to estimate the bioaccessibility of elements along ingestion exposure pathways. Published IVBA protocols call for the testing to be done on the <250-??m fraction of soil, as these particles are most likely to adhere to the hands of children and be ingested. Most IVBA in the literature to date have been applied to soil samples from highly contaminated sites or to spiked samples, and relatively little work has been done to evaluate bioaccessibility of elements in a wide variety of uncontaminated 'background' soils. In 2004, the US Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled soils along north-south and east-west transects across the two countries to test and refine sampling and analytical protocols recommended for the planned soil geochemical survey of North America. Samples were collected at 220 sites selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals. The focus of the investigation presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to begin to examine variations in bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in a number of 'background' (i.e., unpolluted) soils from around North America and (2) to determine if there are significant differences that would preclude using the standard size fraction of <2 mm for extraction with a simulated gastric fluid as an expeditious and inexpensive bioaccessibility screening tool for the large numbers of future samples to be collected by this continental-scale project. A subset of 20 soil samples collected along the north-south transect at a depth of 0-5 cm was used for this study. Two separate size fractions (<2 mm and <250 ??m) were extracted using a simulated human gastric fluid consisting of a solution of HCl and glycine adjusted to a pH of 1.5. In general, the leachate results for the <2-mm size fraction were not substantially different than those for the <250-??m size fraction for concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. Leachate concentrations for Cd, Ni and Pb appear to be controlled to some extent by the total concentration of the element in soil. Bioaccessibility of the elements in this study decreased in the order, Cd > Pb > Ni > As > Cr.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Morman, S., Plumlee, G., and Smith, D.B., 2009, Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1454-1463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015.","startPage":"1454","endPage":"1463","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217662,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015"},{"id":245619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca4e4b0c8380cd493d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morman, S.A.","contributorId":74982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037245,"text":"70037245 - 2009 - New Permian durhaminid cerioid corals from east-central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:30:42.546789","indexId":"70037245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Permian durhaminid cerioid corals from east-central California","docAbstract":"Permian colonial corals from Artinskian to Kungurian strata in the Conglomerate Mesa area, Inyo Mountains, east-central California, include five new species, one of which is assigned to a new genus. The new taxa are: Malpaisia maceyi n. gen. and n. sp., Pararachnastraea bellula n. sp., P. delicata n. sp., P. owensensis n. sp., and Cordillerastraea inyoensis n. sp. These species, several of which compare most closely with other Artinskian and Kungurian species from eastern Nevada and northern Mexico, represent three distinct stocks that differentiated on an isolated submarine uplift offshore from the main part of the Cordilleran carbonate shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"The Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1666/09-043.1","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., and Stone, P., 2009, New Permian durhaminid cerioid corals from east-central California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, no. 6, p. 946-953, https://doi.org/10.1666/09-043.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"946","endPage":"953","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245092,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65f9e4b0c8380cd72cbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, C.H.","contributorId":16102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, P.","contributorId":93632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036909,"text":"70036909 - 2009 - The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036909","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America","docAbstract":"In 2004, soils were collected at 220 sites along two transects across the USA and Canada as a pilot study for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America (North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project). The objective of the current study was to examine the potential of diffuse reflectance (DR) Fourier Transform (FT) mid-infrared (mid-IR) and near-infrared (NIRS) spectroscopy to reduce the need for conventional analysis for the determination of major and trace elements in such continental-scale surveys. Soil samples (n = 720) were collected from two transects (east-west across the USA, and north-south from Manitoba, Canada to El Paso, Texas (USA), n = 453 and 267, respectively). The samples came from 19 USA states and the province of Manitoba in Canada. They represented 31 types of land use (e.g., national forest, rangeland, etc.), and 123 different land covers (e.g., soybeans, oak forest, etc.). The samples represented a combination of depth-based sampling (0-5 cm) and horizon-based sampling (O, A and C horizons) with 123 different depths identified. The set was very diverse with few samples similar in land use, land cover, etc. All samples were analyzed by conventional means for the near-total concentration of 49 analytes (C<sub>total</sub>, C<sub>carbonate</sub> and C<sub>organic</sub>, and 46 major and trace elements). Spectra were obtained using dried, ground samples using a Digilab FTS-7000 FT spectrometer in the mid- (4000-400 cm<sup>-1</sup>) and near-infrared (10,000-4000 cm<sup>-1</sup>) at 4 cm<sup>-1</sup> resolution (64 co-added scans per spectrum) using a Pike AutoDIFF DR autosampler. Partial least squares calibrations were develop using: (1) all samples as a calibration set; (2) samples evenly divided into calibration and validation sets based on spectral diversity; and (3) samples divided to have matching analyte concentrations in calibration and validation sets. In general, results supported the conclusion that neither mid-IR nor NIRS would be particularly useful in reducing the need for conventional analysis of soils from this continental-scale geochemical survey. The extreme sample diversity, likely caused by the widely varied parent material, land use at the site of collection (e.g., grazing, recreation, agriculture, etc.), and climate resulted in poor calibrations even for C<sub>total</sub>, C<sub>organic</sub> and C<sub>carbonate</sub>. The results indicated potential for mid-IR and NIRS to differentiate soils containing high concentrations (&gt;100 mg/kg) of some metals (e.g., Co, Cr, Ni) from low-level samples (&lt;50 mg/kg). However, because of the small number of high-level samples, it is possible that differentiation was based on factors other than metal concentration. Results for Mg and Sr were good, but results for other metals examined were fair to poor, at best. In essence, it appears that the great variation in chemical and physical properties seen in soils from this continental-scale survey resulted in each sample being virtually unique. Thus, suitable spectroscopic calibrations were generally not possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Reeves, J.B., and Smith, D.B., 2009, The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1472-1481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017.","startPage":"1472","endPage":"1481","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017"},{"id":245471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baeb7e4b08c986b3242be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, J. B. III","contributorId":82129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034161,"text":"70034161 - 2009 - Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T14:18:32","indexId":"70034161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth","docAbstract":"<p>The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville drill cores from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure provide one of the most complete geologic sections ever obtained from an impact structure. This paper presents a series of geologic columns and descriptive lithologic information for the lower impactite and crystalline-rock sections in the cores. The lowermost cored section (1766-1551 m depth) is a complex assemblage of mica schists that commonly contain graphite and fibrolitic sillimanite, intrusive granite pegmatites that grade into coarse granite, and local zones of mylonitic deformation. This basement-derived section is variably overprinted by brittle cataclastic fabrics and locally cut by dikes of polymict impact breccia, including several suevite dikes. An overlying succession of suevites and lithic impact breccias (1551-1397 m) includes a lower section dominated by polymict lithic impact breccia with blocks (up to 17 m) and boulders of cataclastic gneiss and an upper section (above 1474 m) of suevites and clast-rich impact melt rocks. The uppermost suevite is overlain by 26 m (1397-1371 m) of gravelly quartz sand that contains an amphibolite block and boulders of cataclasite and suevite. Above the sand, a 275-m-thick allochthonous granite slab (1371-1096 m) includes gneissic biotite granite, fine- and medium-to-coarse-grained biotite granites, and red altered granite near the base. The granite slab is overlain by more gravelly sand, and both are attributed to debris-avalanche and/or rockslide deposition that slightly preceded or accompanied seawater-resurge into the collapsing transient crater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Gibson, R., Reimold, W., Wittmann, A., Gohn, G., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 21-49, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(02).","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.157470703125,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.157470703125,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1938e4b0c8380cd558fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, R.L.","contributorId":105143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimold, W.U.","contributorId":103401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wittmann, A.","contributorId":67744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittmann","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034130,"text":"70034130 - 2009 - Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","docAbstract":"Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) are considered sensitive, threatened, or endangered in all western states and western Canadian provinces. Historically present in eastern Washington in 6 major river drainages, leopard frogs are now only known to occur at 2 localized areas in the Crab Creek drainage in Grant County. During the summers of 2002-2005, we surveyed both areas to document extent of leopard frog distributions and to describe habitat and vertebrate community characteristics associated with leopard frog site occupancy. At Gloyd Seeps, 2 juvenile leopard frogs were observed in a total of 8.2 person-days of searching along a 5-km stream reach. At Potholes Reservoir, we surveyed 243 wetland sites in 7 management units known to have been occupied by leopard frogs during the 1980s. We confirmed leopard frog presence at only 87 sites (36%) in 4 management units. Site occupancy models for individual ponds indicated that, compared to unoccupied sites, occupied sites had slightly greater pond depths, less tall emergent vegetation, more herbaceous vegetative cover, and fewer neighboring ponds containing nonnative predatory fish. Models developed at the 1-km2 scale indicated that occupied areas had greater average midsummer pond depths, fewer ponds occupied by bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana) and carp (Cyprinus carpio), and more herbaceous vegetation surrounding ponds. The Gloyd Seeps population now appears defunct, and the Potholes Reservoir population is in sharp decline. Unless management actions are taken to reduce nonnative fish and bullfrogs and to enhance wetland vegetation, leopard frogs may soon be extirpated from both sites and possibly, therefore, from Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0413","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S., and Hays, D., 2009, Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 537-547, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413.","startPage":"537","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502637,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413"},{"id":244771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a029ce4b0c8380cd50116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, S.S.","contributorId":101525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, D.W.","contributorId":70967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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