A diverse suite of spatially and temporally juxtaposed igneous rocks ranging from alkaline lamprophyres to granites intruded south-central Colorado during late Oligocene and early Miocene time. In addition to the stocks of the East and West Spanish Peaks, there are three types of dikes exposed in the region, based on orientation: radial, subparallel (striking approximately east–west), and independent dikes. The most striking features of this area are the numerous dikes radiating out from West Spanish Peak, some rising several tens of meters above the surrounding terrain and discontinuously exposed for tens of kilometers. New results from 40Ar/39Ar dating indicate that magmatism in the Spanish Peaks region began about 26.6 Ma and continued until about 21.8 Ma. Field evidence suggests that the initial intrusions were subparallel alkaline lamprophyre dikes south of the Spanish Peaks. A subsequent period of sub-alkaline magmatism occurred, producing West Spanish Peak (24.6 ± 0.13 Ma), East Spanish Peak (23.9 ± 0.08 Ma), and the radial dikes focused on West Spanish Peak. The final phase of magmatism included subparallel sub-alkaline lamprophyre dikes northeast of the Spanish Peaks. The 40Ar/39Ar results of this study substantiate the intrusive history derived from field relationships and establish the order of intrusion as West Spanish Peak, East Spanish Peak, and radial dikes, respectively. This study has implications for both the timing and style of the initiation of the Rio Grande rift, as well as the petrogenetic relationship between alkaline and sub-alkaline rocks in relatively stable cratonic areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsrocky.44.1.17","usgsCitation":"Penn, B., and Lindsey, D.A., 2009, 40Ar/39Ar dates for the Spanish Peaks intrusions in south-central Colorado: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 17-32, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsrocky.44.1.17.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Spanish Peaks intrusions in south-central Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.875244140625,\n 35.737595151747826\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 35.737595151747826\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -105.875244140625,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -105.875244140625,\n 35.737595151747826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penn, B.S.","contributorId":222449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penn","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7103,"text":"Dept of Geology & Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Min","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97275,"text":"ds422 - 2009 - Surface rupture map of the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: Digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T18:46:21.304653","indexId":"ds422","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"422","title":"Surface rupture map of the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: Digital data","docAbstract":"The November 3, 2002, Mw7.9 Denali Fault earthquake produced about 340 km of surface rupture along the Susitna Glacier Thrust Fault and the right-lateral, strike-slip Denali and Totschunda Faults. Digital photogrammetric methods were primarily used to create a 1:500-scale, three-dimensional surface rupture map, and 1:6,000-scale aerial photographs were used for three-dimensional digitization in ESRI's ArcMap GIS software, using Leica's StereoAnalyst plug in. Points were digitized 4.3 m apart, on average, for the entire surface rupture. Earthquake-induced landslides, sackungen, and unruptured Holocene fault scarps on the eastern Denali Fault were also digitized where they lay within the limits of air photo coverage. This digital three-dimensional fault-trace map is superior to traditional maps in terms of relative and absolute accuracy, completeness, and detail and is used as a basis for three-dimensional visualization. Field work complements the air photo observations in locations of dense vegetation, on bedrock, or in areas where the surface trace is weakly developed. Seventeen km of the fault trace, which broke through glacier ice, were not digitized in detail due to time constraints, and air photos missed another 10 km of fault rupture through the upper Black Rapids Glacier, so that was not mapped in detail either.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds422","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., 2009, Surface rupture map of the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: Digital data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 422, Report: iv, 9 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 × 19.00 inches; Google Earth Files; GIS Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds422.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 × 19.00 inches; Google Earth Files; GIS Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-11-03","temporalEnd":"2002-11-03","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403425,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86379.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12326,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"325000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.75,\n 62.2764\n ],\n [\n -142.4833,\n 62.2764\n ],\n [\n -142.4833,\n 63.5575\n ],\n [\n -147.75,\n 63.5575\n ],\n [\n -147.75,\n 62.2764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97265,"text":"pp1760A - 2009 - Mesozoic magmatism and base-metal mineralization in the Fortymile mining district, eastern Alaska — Initial results of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies in the Mount Veta area","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97265,"text":"pp1760A - 2009 - Mesozoic magmatism and base-metal mineralization in the Fortymile mining district, eastern Alaska — Initial results of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies in the Mount Veta area","indexId":"pp1760A","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Mesozoic magmatism and base-metal mineralization in the Fortymile mining district, eastern Alaska — Initial results of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies in the Mount Veta area"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97266,"text":"pp1760 - 2009 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","indexId":"pp1760","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97266,"text":"pp1760 - 2009 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","indexId":"pp1760","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T22:38:57.419672","indexId":"pp1760A","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1760","chapter":"A","title":"Mesozoic magmatism and base-metal mineralization in the Fortymile mining district, eastern Alaska — Initial results of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies in the Mount Veta area","docAbstract":"We present here the initial results of a petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic study of Mesozoic intrusive rocks and spatially associated Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu-Au prospects in the Fortymile mining district in the southern Eagle quadrangle, Alaska. Analyzed samples include mineralized and unmineralized drill core from 2006 and 2007 exploration by Full Metal Minerals, USA, Inc., at the Little Whiteman (LWM) and Fish prospects, and other mineralized and plutonic samples collected within the mining district is part of the USGS study. Three new ion microprobe U-Pb zircon ages are: 210 ± 3 Ma for quartz diorite from LWM, 187 ± 3 Ma for quartz monzonite from Fish, and 70.5 ± 1.1 Ma for altered rhyolite porphyry from Fish. We also present 11 published and unpublished Mesozoic thermal ionization mass spectrometric U-Pb zircon and titanite ages and whole-rock geochemical data for the Mesozoic plutonic rocks. Late Triassic and Early Jurassic plutons generally have intermediate compositions and are slightly foliated, consistent with synkinematic intrusion. Several Early Jurassic plutons contain magmatic epidote, indicating emplacement of the host plutons at mesozonal crustal depths of greater than 15 km. Trace-element geochemical data indicate an arc origin for the granitoids, with an increase in the crustal component with time.
Preliminary study of drill core from the LWM Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag prospect supports a carbonate-replacement model of mineralization. LWM massive sulfides consist of sphalerite, galena, and minor pyrite and chalcopyrite, in a gangue of calcite and lesser quartz; silver resides in Sb-As-Ag sulfosalts and pyrargyrite, and probably in submicroscopic inclusions within galena. Whole-rock analyses of LWM drill cores also show elevated In, an important metal in high-technology products. Hypogene mineralized rocks at Fish, below the secondary Zn-rich zone, are associated with a carbonate host and also may be of replacement origin, or alternatively, may be a magnetite-bearing Zn skarn. Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag-Au showings at the Oscar pros-pect occur in marble-hosted magnetite and pyrrhotite skarn that is spatially related to the stocks, dikes, and sills of the Early Jurassic syenite of Mount Veta. Mineralized rocks at the Eva Creek Ag-Zn-Pb-Cu prospect are within 1.5 km of the Mount Veta pluton, which is epidotized and locally altered along its contact with metamorphosed country rock east of the prospect.
We report five new sulfide Pb-isotopic analyses from the LWM, Oscar, and Eva Creek prospects and compare these sulfide Pb-isotopic ratios with those for sulfides from nearby deposits and prospects in the Yukon-Tanana Upland and with feldspar Pb-isotopic ratios for Mesozoic plutons in the region. Disparities between the Pb-isotopic ratios for sulfides and igneous feldspars are consistent with a carbonate-replacement model for both the LWM and Eva Creek prospects. The presence in the Fortymile district of base-metal sulfides within both calc-silicate-rich skarns and the calc-silicate-free carbonate replacement deposits may reflect multistage mineralization by magmatic-hydrothermal systems during the emplacement of two or more magmatically unrelated igneous intrusions. Alternatively, all of the mineralized occurrences could be products of one regionally zoned system that formed during the intrusion of a single pluton. In addition to the likely origin of some of the base-metal occurrences by intrusion-related hydrothermal fluids, proximity of the LWM prospect to the northeast-striking, high-angle Kechumstuk Fault suggests that fluid flow along the fault also played an important role during carbonate-replacement mineralization.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1760A","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Slack, J.F., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Mortensen, J.K., 2009, Mesozoic magmatism and base-metal mineralization in the Fortymile mining district, eastern Alaska — Initial results of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies in the Mount Veta area (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1760, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1760A.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1760a.jpg"},{"id":394851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86348.htm"},{"id":12316,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1760/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Veta area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -140.5333,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -140.5333,\n 64.75\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64.75\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mortensen, James K.","contributorId":96794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97226,"text":"sir20085049 - 2009 - Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T16:36:08","indexId":"sir20085049","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5049","title":"Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, finite-difference, numerical model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah. The model includes expanded areal boundaries as compared to a previous ground-water flow model of the valley and incorporates more than 20 years of additional hydrologic data. The model boundary was generally expanded to include the bedrock in the surrounding mountain block as far as the surface-water divide. New wells have been drilled in basin-fill deposits near the consolidated-rock boundary. Simulating the hydrologic conditions within the bedrock allows for improved simulation of the effect of withdrawal from these wells. The inclusion of bedrock also allowed for the use of a recharge model that provided an alternative method for spatially distributing areal recharge over the mountains.
The model was calibrated to steady- and transient-state conditions. The steady-state simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data that represented average conditions for 1947. The transient-state simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data collected from 1947 to 2004. Areally, the model grid is 79 rows by 70 columns, with variable cell size. Cells throughout most of the model domain represent 0.3 mile on each side. The largest cells are rectangular with dimensions of about 0.3 by 0.6 mile. The largest cells represent the mountain block on the eastern edge of the model domain where the least hydrologic data are available. Vertically, the aquifer system is divided into 4 layers which incorporate 11 hydrogeologic units. The model simulates recharge to the ground-water flow system as (1) infiltration of precipitation over the mountain block, (2) infiltration of precipitation over the valley floor, (3) infiltration of unconsumed irrigation water from fields, lawns, and gardens, (4) seepage from streams and canals, and (5) subsurface inflow from Cedar Valley. Discharge of ground water is simulated by the model to (1) flowing and pumping wells, (2) drains and springs, (3) evapotranspiration, (4) Utah Lake, (5) the Jordan River and mountain streams, and (6) Salt Lake Valley by subsurface outflow through the Jordan Narrows.
During steady-state calibration, variables were adjusted within probable ranges to minimize differences between model-computed and measured water levels as well as between model-computed and independently estimated flows that include: recharge by seepage from individual streams and canals, discharge by seepage to individual streams and the Jordan River, discharge to Utah Lake, discharge to drains and springs, discharge by evapotranspiration, and subsurface flows into and out of northern Utah Valley from Cedar Valley and to Salt Lake Valley, respectively. The transient-state simulation was calibrated to measured water levels and water-level changes with consideration given to annual changes in the flows listed above.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Utah Water Conservancy District; Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District representing Draper City; Highland Water Company; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and the municipalities of Alpine, American Fork, Cedar Hills, Eagle Mountain, Highland, Lehi, Lindon, Orem, Pleasant Grove, Provo, Saratoga Springs, and Vinyard","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., 2009, Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah (Version 2.0 January 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5049, viii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085049.","productDescription":"viii, 95 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5049.jpg"},{"id":12276,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Utah County","otherGeospatial":"Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 2.0 January 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97223,"text":"sir20085215 - 2009 - Geography of Alaska lake districts: Identification, description, and analysis of lake-rich regions of a diverse and dynamic state","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T20:27:38.091362","indexId":"sir20085215","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5215","title":"Geography of Alaska lake districts: Identification, description, and analysis of lake-rich regions of a diverse and dynamic state","docAbstract":"Lakes are abundant landforms and important ecosystems in Alaska, but are unevenly distributed on the landscape with expansive lake-poor regions and several lake-rich regions. Such lake-rich areas are termed lake districts and have landscape characteristics that can be considered distinctive in similar respects to mountain ranges. In this report, we explore the nature of lake-rich areas by quantitatively identifying Alaska’s lake districts, describing and comparing their physical characteristics, and analyzing how Alaska lake districts are naturally organized and correspond to climatic and geophysical characteristics, as well as studied and managed by people.
We use a digital dataset (National Hydrography Dataset) of lakes greater than 1 hectare, which includes 409,040 individual lakes and represents 3.3 percent of the land-surface area of Alaska. The selection criteria we used to identify lake districts were (1) a lake area (termed limnetic ratio, in percent) greater than the mean for the State, and (2) a lake density (number of lakes per unit area) greater than the mean for the State using a pixel size scaled to the area of interest and number of lakes in the census. Pixels meeting these criteria were grouped and delineated and all groups greater than 1,000 square kilometers were identified as Alaska’s lake districts. These lake districts were described according to lake size-frequency metrics, elevation distributions, geology, climate, and ecoregions to better understand their similarities and differences. We also looked at where lake research and relevant ecological monitoring has occurred in Alaska relative to lake districts and how lake district lands and waters are currently managed.
We identified and delineated 20 lake districts in Alaska representing 16 percent of the State, but including 65 percent of lakes and 75 percent of lake area. The largest lake districts identified are the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Arctic Coastal Plain, and Iliamna lake districts with high limnetic ratios of 19, 17, and 21 percent, respectively. The three smallest districts we considered were Tetlin in the eastern interior, Menhiskof on the Alaska Peninsula, and Matanuska–Susitna at the head of Cook Inlet with limnetic ratios of 14, 9, and 9 percent, respectively. Lake density and limnetic ratio were poorly related among lake districts, such that some districts had a few large lakes like Iliamna with Lakes Iliamna and Becharof—the two largest in the State, compared to other districts with many very small lakes like Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta with 111,130 lakes and 63 percent of these less than 10 hectares. Most lake districts are in regions with relatively low precipitation, but temperature regimes varied widely among lake districts. Approximately one-half of lake districts were glaciated during the Pleistocene and similar numbers occur in regions classified as having continuous, discontinuous, and sporadic permafrost, or perennially unfrozen soils. Most districts are at low elevations (less than 250 meters) with two important exceptions being Tetlin with a mean elevation of 530 meters and Ahtna with a mean elevation of 760 meters. These higher elevation districts, particularly Ahtna, had distinct characteristics from other lake districts such as continuous permafrost and Pleistocene glaciation. Several lake districts share similar boundaries to defined ecoregions with lake districts occurring in less than one-half of these 32 ecoregions of Alaska.
Most lake districts are lands fully or partly managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Park Service, with other land management by the Bureau of Land Management and State and borough government. Much of the U.S. Geological Survey’s lake water-quality sampling efforts has been done in the Arctic Coastal Plain, Matanuska-Susitna, and Iliamna districts but no recorded collections in nine lake districts. Similarly, most lake limnological studies in Alaska were site-specific and represent only a small portion of Alaska’s lake districts. This identification, characterization, and analysis of lake-rich regions may help provide a template to guide future limnological and other scientific research for Alaska.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085215","usgsCitation":"Arp, C.D., and Jones, B.M., 2009, Geography of Alaska lake districts: Identification, description, and analysis of lake-rich regions of a diverse and dynamic state: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5215, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085215.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415536,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86311.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -168,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -168,\n 55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":301414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207726,"text":"70207726 - 2009 - Radiocarbon ages and age models for the past 30,000 years in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T16:52:42.923987","indexId":"70207726","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T11:13:53","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon ages and age models for the past 30,000 years in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"Radiocarbon analyses of pollen, ostracodes, and total organic carbon (TOC) provide a reliable chronology for the sediments deposited in Bear Lake over the past 30,000 years. The differences in apparent age between TOC, pollen, and carbonate fractions are consistent and in accord with the origins of these fractions. Comparisons among different fractions indicate that pollen sample ages are the most reliable, at least for the past 15,000 years. The post-glacial radiocarbon data also agree with ages independently estimated from aspartic acid racemization in ostracodes. Ages in the red, siliclastic unit, inferred to be of last glacial age, appear to be several thousand years too old, probably because of a high proportion of reworked, refractory organic carbon in the pollen samples.
Age-depth models for five piston cores and the Bear Lake drill core (BL00-1) were constructed by using two methods: quadratic equations and smooth cubic-spline fits. The two types of age models differ only in detail for individual cores, and each approach has its own advantages. Specific lithological horizons were dated in several cores and correlated among them, producing robust average ages for these horizons. The age of the correlated horizons in the red, siliclastic unit can be estimated from the age model for BL00-1, which is controlled by ages above and below the red, siliclastic unit. These ages were then transferred to the correlative horizons in the shorter piston cores, providing control for the sections of the age models in those cores in the red, siliclastic unit.
These age models are the backbone for reconstructions of past environmental conditions in Bear Lake. In general, sedimentation rates in Bear Lake have been quite uniform, mostly between 0.3 and 0.8 mm yr‒1 in the Holocene, and close to 0.5 mm yr‒1 for the longer sedimentary record in the drill core from the deepest part of the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(05)","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Rosenbauer, R.J., Kaufman, D., Dean, W.E., and McGeehin, J., 2009, Radiocarbon ages and age models for the past 30,000 years in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: GSA Special Papers, v. 450, p. 133-144, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(05).","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.44805908203125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -111.2310791015625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -111.2310791015625,\n 42.14304156290942\n ],\n [\n -111.44805908203125,\n 42.14304156290942\n ],\n [\n -111.44805908203125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steve M.","contributorId":49807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell","contributorId":215397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","affiliations":[{"id":39235,"text":"School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, John mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":167455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207675,"text":"70207675 - 2009 - Interacción termal entre magmas graníticos laramídicos y rocas encajonantes mesoproterozoicas: Historia de enfriamiento de intrusivos de la sierrita blanca, NW Sonora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T12:25:24","indexId":"70207675","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T12:10:04","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5904,"text":"Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interacción termal entre magmas graníticos laramídicos y rocas encajonantes mesoproterozoicas: Historia de enfriamiento de intrusivos de la sierrita blanca, NW Sonora","docAbstract":"A semi-quantitative thermochronological study, combining U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, has allowed assessment of the crystallization and cooling history of the Laramide Sierrita Blanca granite as well as the thermal effects resulting from the intrusion into the Mesoproterozoic host rocks (~1.1 Ga Murrieta granite).
The U-Pb zircon age discrepancy between two samples of the Sierrita Blanca granite (72.6 ± 1.2 Ma and 69.7 ± 1.0 Ma) could be explained by a process of faster magma cooling in the contact zone with the host Murrieta granite. However, that the Sierrita Blanca granitic unit was made up of multiple intrusions of similar compositions emplaced relatively close in time cannot be discarded. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of both biotite and K-feldspar for the granite collected close to the contact are also significantly older than the ages for the sample collected in a more internal zone of the intrusion. The initial cooling of the Sierrita Blanca granite was fairly fast and monotonous from the closure temperature of zircon to that of biotite (~36–32°C/Ma). Subsequently, the cooling of these Laramide rocks became relatively slow (~10–9°C/Ma) between the closure temperature of biotite and K-feldspar. These estimated cooling rates are similar, perhaps slightly slower, to the ones estimated for other Laramide granitoids in NW Mexico.
Three samples of the host Murrieta granite, collected at different distances from the Laramide intrusion, were dated by U-Pb zircon geochronology at ~1.1 Ga, reiterating that the U-Pb zircon systematics are quite resistant to thermal effects inflicted by intrusions like the one in the Sierrita Blanca. However, close inspection of the U-Pb zircon data suggests the presence of Pb loss for some of the zircons. This Pb-loss phenomenon is most pronounced in the zircons from the sample collected at the contact with the Sierrita Blanca intrusive where heat and/or hydrothermal fluids are released by the Laramide intrusion. It is important to note that away from the intrusion-host contact there is a gradual decrease of such thermal effects in the rocks until samples with zircons that show no effects of resetting as suggested by their total U-Pb zircon concordance. This thermal resetting is more prominent in the 40Ar/39Ar systematics of biotite and K-feldspar, since they are totally reset to Laramide ages, including the sample collected the farthest away from the contact. The estimation of post-resetting cooling of biotite and K-feldspar from the host rocks at ~18–15°C/Ma is, in a sense, coherent with the cooling estimates for the same minerals for the Sierrita Blanca granite. This suggests that the general cooling of the Sierrita Blanca after the Laramide intrusion was, for the most part, coherent for the entire area and ended, as expected, in the more internal zones of the Laramide intrusion. Lastly, it is important to point out that the Miocene magmatic pulse present in the Sierrita Blanca and adjacent areas has not caused any thermal disturbance to the Cretaceous or Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks studied in the area.
","language":"Spanish, English","publisher":"Institute of Geology, University of Mexico","publisherLocation":"Mexico City, Mexico","doi":"10.18268/BSGM2009v61n3a11","usgsCitation":"Enriquez-Castillo, M.A., Iriondo, A., Chavez-Cabello, G., and Kunk, M.J., 2009, Interacción termal entre magmas graníticos laramídicos y rocas encajonantes mesoproterozoicas: Historia de enfriamiento de intrusivos de la sierrita blanca, NW Sonora: Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, v. 61, no. 3, p. 451-483, https://doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2009v61n3a11.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"483","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2009v61n3a11","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Northwest Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.90625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -111.55517578125,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -111.55517578125,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enriquez-Castillo, Monica A.","contributorId":221577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enriquez-Castillo","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iriondo, Alexander","contributorId":23619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iriondo","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chavez-Cabello, Gabriel","contributorId":221578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chavez-Cabello","given":"Gabriel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239188,"text":"70239188 - 2009 - Quaternary incision rates and drainage evolution of the Uncompahgre and Gunnison Rivers, western Colorado, as calibrated by the Lava Creek B ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T13:09:50.841845","indexId":"70239188","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T07:03:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3310,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary incision rates and drainage evolution of the Uncompahgre and Gunnison Rivers, western Colorado, as calibrated by the Lava Creek B ash","docAbstract":"The Quaternary erosional history of western Colorado is documented in terraces of the Colorado, Gunnison, and Uncompahgre Rivers that contain the Lava Creek B ash (0.64 Ma). This paper reports an important new ash locality that dates ca. 100-m-high river gravels associated with the paleo-confluence of the Gunnison and Uncompahgre Rivers upstream from Grand Junction. Provenance analysis reveals paleo-Gunnison River gravels (containing granite and gneiss clasts) and paleo-Uncompahgre River gravels (containing Uncompahgre Group quartzite and San Juan volcanic field rocks). The paleo-Uncompahgre River gravels are 3 m directly beneath Lava Creek B ash, and the areal distribution of terraces indicates that this area was the paleo-confluence between the Gunnison and Uncompahgre Rivers. This confluence has shifted 11 km to the east since 0.64 Ma due to events related to stream piracy and drainage reorganization. Gunnison terrace straths near the paleo-confluence are estimated to be 106 m above the modern strath, giving an estimated incision rate of 165 m/Ma.
Because of excellent age and geologic control, this is one of the best incision-rate data points in the upper Colorado River system. It is similar to previously reported regional rates, but is substantially lower than upstream incision rates in the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River. This dated Gunnison River terrace anchors the projection of Lava Creek B-bearing Grand Mesa pediment surfaces (e.g., Petrie Mesa) to regional base level and helps constrain a regional reconstruction of the 0.64-Ma profile of the paleo-Gunnison River. This reconstruction shows dramatic differences in incision rate in the Gunnison River system since 0.64 Ma, and that a transient knickpoint migrated past Sawmill Mesa prior to 0.64 Ma. This incision data point has important implications for evaluating major Quaternary changes in the configuration of this part of the Rocky Mountain drainage system. It also provides evidence for a young, disequilibrium drainage system that is responding to base-level changes downstream driven by a stream capture event, which in turn may have been driven by tectonic or climatic perturbations.
J.B. Converse (Converse) Lake is the primary source of drinking water for the city of Mobile, Alabama. Concerns regarding the ability of the reservoir to meet current and future water demands during drought conditions have prompted this study. The 1991 through 2006 water years included a drought that occurred during 2000, and drought conditions currently (2007) are affecting the area. To assist officials of the Mobile Area Water and Sewer System in planning for future demands for drinking water in the Mobile metropolitan area, the firm yield for Converse Lake was estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey.
The firm yield of Converse Lake was estimated using the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection’s firm-yield-estimator (FYE) model, which recently was refined by the U.S. Geological Survey. The model uses a mass-balance approach to determine the maximum average daily withdrawal rate that can be sustained during a period of record that includes a drought of record. If the reservoir is in contact with an aquifer, the FYE also includes routines that estimate the volume of ground-water and surface-water exchange between the aquifer and the reservoir.
The average daily firm yield for Converse Lake was estimated to be 79 million gallons per day using the FYE routine that does not include ground-water exchange between the reservoir and the adjacent aquifer. Observed lake levels and withdrawals during the drought of 2000 indicate that more than 74 million gallons per day of water were withdrawn without complete depletion of reservoir storage. Therefore, it is likely that ground-water exchange with the reservoir may supplement available reservoir storage. If water exchange occurs between the aquifer and the reservoir, an increase in the volume of water available to the reservoir may occur during a drought. To quantify the potential ground-water contribution to reservoir storage, an analytical solution was applied to the FYE simulation of Converse Lake to estimate ground-water exchange between the reservoir and the aquifer. Aquifer properties required by the FYE were estimated by model calibration to observed water levels that occurred during the drought of 2000. When ground-water exchange between the reservoir and adjacent aquifer is included, the average daily firm yield increased to 83 million gallons per day.
The estimate of 83 million gallons per day incorporates both total surface-water flow and ground-water exchange components. This analysis indicated that direct ground-water interaction contributes about 5 percent of the firm yield of Converse Lake. However, the average daily firm yield of 83 million gallons per day, based in part on calibrated values for aquifer transmissivity and storage, can be used only as a guideline until these aquifer properties can be defined better by field investigation in the Converse Lake watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mobile Area Water and Sewer System","usgsCitation":"Carlson, C.S., and Archfield, S.A., 2009, Hydrologic conditions and a firm-yield assessment for J.B. Converse Lake, Mobile County, Alabama, 1991-2006 (Second Edition): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5005, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085005.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376032,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96691.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":376031,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5005/images/cover.jpg"},{"id":376030,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5005/pdf/sir20085005_SecondEdition.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":376029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Mobile County","otherGeospatial":"J.B. Converse Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.38157653808594,\n 30.70287744595804\n ],\n [\n -88.24356079101562,\n 30.70287744595804\n ],\n [\n -88.24356079101562,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -88.38157653808594,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -88.38157653808594,\n 30.70287744595804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140579,"text":"70140579 - 2009 - A water-leach procedure for estimating bioaccessibility of elements in soils from transects across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T12:48:26","indexId":"70140579","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A water-leach procedure for estimating bioaccessibility of elements in soils from transects across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"An objective of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project is to provide relevant data concerning bioaccessible concentrations of elements in soil to government and other institutions undertaking environmental studies. A protocol was developed that employs a 1-g soil sample agitated overnight with 40 mL of reverse-osmosis de-ionized water for 20 h, and determination of 63 elements following three steps of centrifugation by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry the following day. Statistical summaries are presented for those 48 elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, and pH) for which <20% of their data were reported as below the detection limit. The resulting data set contains analyses for 161 A-horizon soils collected along two transects, one along the 38th parallel across the USA and the other from northern Manitoba to the USA–Mexico border. The spatial distribution of three selected elements (Ca, Cu, and Pb) along the two transects is discussed in this paper both as absolute amounts liberated by the leach and expressed as a percentage of the total, or near-total, amounts determined for the elements. The Ca data reflect broad trends in soil parent materials, their weathering, and subsequent soil development. Calcium concentrations are generally found to be lower in the older soils of the eastern USA. The Cu data are higher in the eastern half of the USA, correlating with soil organic C, with which it is sequestered. The Pb data exhibit little regional variability due to natural sources, but are influenced by anthropogenic sources. Based on the Pb results, the percentage water-extractable data demonstrate promise as a tool for identifying anthropogenic components. The soil–water partition (distribution) coefficients, Kds (L/kg), were determined and their relevance to estimating bioaccessible amounts of elements to soil fauna and flora is discussed. Finally, a possible link between W concentrations in human urine and water-extractable W levels in Nevada soils is discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.014","usgsCitation":"Garrett, R.G., Hall, G., Vaive, J., and Pelchat, P., 2009, A water-leach procedure for estimating bioaccessibility of elements in soils from transects across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1438-1453, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.014.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1438","endPage":"1453","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b23e4b08de9379b3270","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, Robert G.","contributorId":31481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, G.E.M.","contributorId":67671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"G.E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaive, J.E.","contributorId":139136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaive","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pelchat, P.","contributorId":139137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelchat","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203123,"text":"70203123 - 2009 - IPANE: Could New England's Early Detection Network benefit eastern Canada?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T13:49:22","indexId":"70203123","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T13:48:42","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"IPANE: Could New England's Early Detection Network benefit eastern Canada?","docAbstract":"The Invasive Plant Analysis of New England (IPANE: ipane.org) is a multifaceted approach to regional early detection of invasive plants. IPANE, was founded in 2001 to create a comprehensive six state New England regional partnership to: minimize the ecological damage caused by invasive plants; provide reliable and accessible educational material; maintain a network of professional and trained volunteers to gather information and to locate new incursions; provide a web-accessible database and maps of invasive and potentially invasive plants; conduct and encourage research on the biology and ecology of invasive plants; and, use program-generated data to develop predictive distribution models for the region. This program uses the synergy of all the components to create a regional early detection and rapid assessment network to curtail new invasions before they become widespread on the regional landscape. IPANE is a model for the United States Geological Survey National Early Detection Network Toolbox, a compendium of information developed for use by Network partners. In addition, an Early Detection Alert system has been developed to inform key federal and state agency staff, conservation organizations, and those with vegetation management responsibilities about new or potential invaders to the region. These include current and anticipated distribution, diagnostic characters, images, pertinent biological and control information, and key contacts.
Most of the non-native species currently considered invasive by IPANE appear to be spreading into New England from the south or west. IPANE is strategically placed to act as an advanced warning system for the 5 provinces of Eastern and Maritime Canada. At the meeting held in Nova Scotia in September 2007, this idea was suggested to attendees from 4 of these 5 provinces and the Canadian government. By expanding its alert systems, IPANE could serve as a focal point for Early Detection information moving in any direction and tie Eastern Canada into the National Early Detection Network of the United States.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Weeds Across Borders 2008 Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Weeds Across Borders 2008 Conference","conferenceDate":"May 27-30, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Alberta Invasive Plants Council","isbn":"978-0-9811963-0-5","usgsCitation":"Mehrhoff, L., and Westbrooks, R.G., 2009, IPANE: Could New England's Early Detection Network benefit eastern Canada?, in Proceedings of the Weeds Across Borders 2008 Conference, Banff, Alberta, Canada, May 27-30, 2008, p. 177-185.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"185","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=31658"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehrhoff, Les","contributorId":178749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mehrhoff","given":"Les","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westbrooks, Randy G.","contributorId":147074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westbrooks","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140570,"text":"70140570 - 2009 - Relative spatial soil geochemical variability along two transects across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T11:48:24","indexId":"70140570","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative spatial soil geochemical variability along two transects across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"To support the development of protocols for the proposed North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes project, whose objective is to establish baselines for the geochemistry of North American soils, two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada were sampled in 2004. The sampling employed a spatially stratified random sampling design in order to estimate the variability between 40-km linear sampling units, within them, at sample sites, and due to sample preparation and analytical chemical procedures. The 40-km scale was chosen to be consistent with the density proposed for the continental-scale project. The two transects, north–south (N–S) from northern Manitoba to the USA–Mexico border near El Paso, Texas, and east–west (E–W) from the Virginia shore north of Washington, DC, to north of San Francisco, California, closely following the 38th parallel, have been studied individually. The purpose of this study was to determine if statistically significant systematic spatial variation occurred along the transects. Data for 38 major, minor and trace elements in A- and C-horizon soils where less than 5% of the data were below the detection limit were investigated by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A total of 15 elements (K, Na, As, Ba, Be, Ce, La, Mn, Nb, P, Rb, Sb, Th, Tl and W) demonstrated statistically significant (p<0.05) variability at the between-40-km scale for both horizons along both transects. Only Cu failed to demonstrate significant variability at the between-40-km scale for both soil horizons along both transects.
\nThe patterns of relative variability differ by transect and horizon. The N–S transect A-horizon soils show significant between-40-km scale variability for 29 elements, with only 4 elements (Ca, Mg, Pb and Sr) showing in excess of 50% of their variability at the within-40-km and ‘at-site’ scales. In contrast, the C-horizon data demonstrate significant between-40-km scale variability for 26 elements, with 21 having in excess of 50% of their variability at the within-40-km and ‘at-site’ scales. In 36 instances, the ‘at-site’ variability is statistically significant in terms of the sample preparation and analysis variability. It is postulated that this contrast between the A- and C- horizons along the N–S transect, that is dominated by agricultural land uses, is due to the local homogenization of Ap-horizon soils by tillage reducing the ‘at-site’ variability. The spatial variability is distributed similarly between scales for the A- and C-horizon soils of the E–W transect. For all elements, there is significant variability at the within-40-km scale. Notwithstanding this, there is significant between-40-km variability for 28 and 20 of the elements in the A- and C-horizon data, respectively. The differences between the two transects are attributed to (1) geology, the N–S transect runs generally parallel to regional strikes, whereas the E–W transect runs across regional structures and lithologies; and (2) land use, with agricultural tillage dominating along the N–S transect. The spatial analysis of the transect data indicates that continental-scale maps demonstrating statistically significant patterns of geochemical variability may be prepared for many elements from data on soil samples collected on a 40 x 40 km grid or similar sampling designs resulting in a sample density of 1 site per 1600 km2.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.011","usgsCitation":"Garrett, R.G., 2009, Relative spatial soil geochemical variability along two transects across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1405-1415, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1405","endPage":"1415","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c44e4b08de9379b36ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, Robert G.","contributorId":31481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047345,"text":"70047345 - 2009 - Applications of a broad-spectrum tool for conservation and fisheries analysis: Aquatic gap analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T13:52:14.791006","indexId":"70047345","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:56:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17176,"text":"Gap Analysis Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of a broad-spectrum tool for conservation and fisheries analysis: Aquatic gap analysis","docAbstract":"Natural resources support all of our social and economic activities, as well as our biological existence. Humans have little control over most of the physical, biological, and sociological conditions dictating the status and capacity of natural resources in any particular area. However, the most rapid and threatening influences on natural resources typically are anthropogenic overuse and degradation. In addition, living natural resources (i.e., organisms) do not respect political boundaries, but are aware of their optimal habitat and environmental conditions. Most organisms have wider spatial ranges than the jurisdictional boundaries of environmental agencies that deal with them; even within those jurisdictions, information is patchy and disconnected. Planning and projecting effects of ecological management are difficult, because many organisms, habitat conditions, and interactions are involved. Conservation and responsible resource use involves wise management and manipulation of the aspects of the environment and biological communities that can be effectively changed. Tools and data sets that provide new insights and analysis capabilities can enhance the ability of resource managers to make wise decisions and plan effective, long-term management strategies. Aquatic gap analysis has been developed to provide those benefits. Gap analysis is more than just the assessment of the match or mis-match (i.e., gaps) between habitats of ecological value and areas with an appropriate level of environmental protection (e.g., refuges, parks, preserves), as the name suggests. Rather, a Gap Analysis project is a process which leads to an organized database of georeferenced information and previously available tools to examine conservation and other ecological issues; it provides a geographic analysis platform that serves as a foundation for aquatic ecological studies. This analytical tool box allows one to conduct assessments of all habitat elements within an area of interest. Aquatic gap analysis naturally focuses on aquatic habitats. The analytical tools are largely based on specification of the species-habitat relations for the system and organism group of interest (Morrison et al. 2003; McKenna et al. 2006; Steen et al. 2006; Sowa et al. 2007). The Great Lakes Regional Aquatic Gap Analysis (GLGap) project focuses primarily on lotic habitat of the U.S. Great Lakes drainage basin and associated states and has been developed to address fish and fisheries issues. These tools are unique because they allow us to address problems at a range of scales from the region to the stream segment and include the ability to predict species specific occurrence or abundance for most of the fish species in the study area. The results and types of questions that can be addressed provide better global understanding of the ecological context within which specific natural resources fit (e.g., neighboring environments and resources, and large and small scale processes). The geographic analysis platform consists of broad and flexible geospatial tools (and associated data) with many potential applications. The objectives of this article are to provide a brief overview of GLGap methods and analysis tools, and demonstrate conservation and planning applications of those data and tools. Although there are many potential applications, we will highlight just three: (1) support for the Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture (EBTJV), (2) Aquatic Life classification in Wisconsin, and (3) an educational tool that makes use of Google Earth (use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government) and Internet accessibility.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Idaho","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., Steen, P.J., Lyons, J., and Stewart, J.S., 2009, Applications of a broad-spectrum tool for conservation and fisheries analysis: Aquatic gap analysis: Gap Analysis Bulletin, no. 16, p. 44-51.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-006153","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278010,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gap.uidaho.edu/bulletins/16/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524162e3e4b0ec672f073ad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr. 0000-0002-1428-7597 jemckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7597","contributorId":627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jemckenna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steen, Paul J.","contributorId":12342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, John","contributorId":244472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":16117,"text":"Wisconsin DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373 jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230295,"text":"70230295 - 2009 - Postmortem evaluation of reintroduced migratory Whooping Cranes in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:30:22.919923","indexId":"70230295","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:05:30","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postmortem evaluation of reintroduced migratory Whooping Cranes in eastern North America","docAbstract":"Reintroduction of endangered Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) in eastern North America has successfully established a migratory population between Wisconsin and Florida. Eighty birds (47 males, 33 females) were released between 2001 and 2006, and all birds were tracked following release with satellite and/or VHF monitoring devices. By the end of 2006, 17 deaths (12 males, five females) were recorded from this population. Postmortem findings and field data were evaluated for each bird to determine the cause of death. Causes included predation (n=8, 47%), trauma (n=2, 12%), and degenerative disease (n=1, 6%); the cause of death was undetermined for 35% (n=6) of the birds. Based on physical evidence, the primary predator of the birds was the bobcat (Lynx rufus). Limited roosting habitat availability or bird behavior were likely prime factors in the occurrence of predation. Traumatic injuries and mortality were caused by gunshot, electrical utility lines, and an unknown source. The lone case of degenerative disease was due to chronic exertional myopathy associated with translocation. Available postmortem testing did not indicate the presence of infectious disease in this limited sample.
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During the Decade of Geopotential Field Research, inaugurated in 1999 with the launch of the Danish satellite Ørsted on a US rocket, the US community has been involved in satellite mission development and analysis, instrument development, model development, and in the discovery and understanding of new processes with satellite magnetic signatures.
The ESA Swarm mission has been a primary focus of the US community, with three US scientists on Swarm's Mission Advisory Group. Swarm will measure, for the first time, the E-W gradient of the magnetic field. One of us (T. Sabaka) is involved with the development of a Comprehensive inversion scheme as part of the SMART consortium. This effort is an outgrowth of the Comprehensive Model [1]. Swarm will also provide valuable observations for ionospheric specification and forecast. The geomagnetism group at NOAA (S. Maus, P. Alken and C. Manoj) has developed algorithms to estimate the strength of the eastward electric field (EEF). As the driver of the equatorial plasma fountain, the EEF is an important space weather parameter. ESA is considering the implementation of the EEF as a dedicated inversion chain in the Level-2 Facility.
In 2006, NASA launched a minisatellite magnetometer constellation mission (ST-5) to test technologies and software. The ST-5 constellation featured the first along-track gradient measurements. NASA has also initiated efforts to study geomagnetism mission concepts after Swarm. One of the ideas under consideration is the systematic measurement of radial field gradients.
Instrument development, and geomagnetic observatories, are also an integral part of the US effort. The past decade has seen significant advances in the development of a self-calibrating vector helium magnetometer, and in the automation of the US observatory network. Working in coordination with Intermagnet, the USGS Geomagnetism Program has made operational 1-second data acquisition at 13 of its magnetic observatories. The Program is also developing a realtime 1-minute and 1-hour Dst service.
Within the past decade, US scientists have been leaders in the development of models that describe the global geomagnetic environment, including comprehensive models (the CM series), maps of the lithospheric field from satellite (MF-series), near surface maps of the lithospheric field (WDMAM-series), models of the thickness of the magnetic crust, the IGRF and World Magnetic Model series, ionospheric models such as the EEJM1, JVDM1, and the IRI, and data assimilation-based models (MoSST-series) that predict the future state of the geomagneic field.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2009 conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Association for Mathematical Geosciences Conference","conferenceDate":"August 23-27, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Olea, R.A., 2009, Experimental geostatistical model of a continuous gas accumulation, Rocky Mountains, Utah, in Proceedings of the 2009 conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences, Stanford, CA, August 23-27, 2009.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains 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Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":208109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70117455,"text":"70117455 - 2009 - The Columbia River Basalt Group: from the gorge to the sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-22T10:29:59","indexId":"70117455","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:20:51","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Columbia River Basalt Group: from the gorge to the sea","docAbstract":"Miocene flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group inundated eastern Washington, Oregon, and adjacent Idaho between 17 and 6 Ma. Some of the more voluminous flows followed the ancestral Columbia River across the Cascade arc, Puget-Willamette trough, and the Coast Range to the Pacific Ocean. We have used field mapping, chemistry, and paleomagnetic directions to trace individual flows and flow packages from the Columbia River Gorge westward into the Astoria Basin, where they form pillow palagonite complexes and mega-invasive bodies into older marine sedimentary rocks. Flows of the Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains Basalts all made it to the ocean; at least 33 flows are recognized in the western Columbia River Gorge, 50 in the Willamette Valley, 16 in the lower Columbia River Valley, and at least 12 on the Oregon side of the Astoria Basin. In the Astoria Basin, the basalt flows loaded and invaded the wet marine sediments, producing peperite breccias, soft sediment deformation, and complex invasive relations. Mega-invasive sills up to 500 m thick were emplaced into strata as old as Eocene, and invasive dikes up to 90 m thick can be traced continuously for 25 km near the basin margin. Mega-pillow complexes up to a kilometer thick are interpreted as the remains of lava deltas that prograded onto the shelf and a filled submarine canyon southeast of Astoria, possibly providing the hydraulic head for injection of invasive sills and dikes at depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Field Guides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(32)","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., Niem, A.R., Evarts, R.C., and Hagstrum, J.T., 2009, The Columbia River Basalt Group: from the gorge to the sea: GSA Field Guides, v. 15, p. 737-774, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(32).","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"38","ipdsId":"IP-014747","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290676,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(32)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4531,45.2498 ], [ -124.4531,46.6457 ], [ -121.9922,46.6457 ], [ -121.9922,45.2498 ], [ -124.4531,45.2498 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8486e4b0824b2d1490ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niem, Alan R.","contributorId":100414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148355,"text":"70148355 - 2009 - Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T09:29:03","indexId":"70148355","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis","docAbstract":"Identification of the sediment transport patterns and pathways is essential for sustainable coastal zone management of the heavily modified coastline of Santa Barbara and Ventura County (California, USA). A process-based model application, based on Delft3D Online Morphology, is used to investigate the littoral transport potential along the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell (between Point Conception and Mugu Canyon). An advanced optimalization procedure is applied to enable annual sediment transport computations by reducing the ocean wave climate in 10 wave height - direction classes. Modeled littoral transport rates compare well with observed dredging volumes, and erosion or sedimentation hotspots coincide with the modeled divergence and convergence of the transport gradients. Sediment transport rates are strongly dependent on the alongshore variation in wave height due to wave sheltering, diffraction and focusing by the Northern Channel Islands, and the local orientation of the geologically-controlled coastline. Local transport gradients exceed the net eastward littoral transport, and are considered a primary driver for hot-spot erosion.
","conferenceTitle":"10th International Coastal Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 13-18, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Lisbon, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Elias, E.P., Barnard, P.L., and Brocatus, J., 2009, Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 56, p. 947-951.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010918","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300906,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cerf-jcr.org/index.php/international-coastal-symposium/ics-2009portugal/1328-littoral-transport-rates-in-the-santa-barbara-littoral-cell-a-process-based-model-analysis-epl-elias-pl-barnard-and-j-brocatus"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Littoral Cell","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.41702270507812,\n 34.453350878522286\n ],\n [\n -120.23162841796875,\n 34.472599425831355\n ],\n [\n -120.12725830078125,\n 34.47373155509983\n ],\n [\n -120.08605957031249,\n 34.46127728843705\n ],\n [\n -120.05447387695311,\n 34.46467409091155\n ],\n [\n -120.01121520996094,\n 34.46099421532544\n ],\n [\n -119.9604034423828,\n 34.43862840686652\n ],\n [\n -119.9483871459961,\n 34.43466422118617\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -119.87869262695312,\n 34.40804267622734\n ],\n [\n -119.84230041503906,\n 34.40464357107097\n ],\n [\n -119.83646392822266,\n 34.41569015785019\n ],\n [\n -119.78942871093749,\n 34.418239163003484\n ],\n [\n -119.72351074218749,\n 34.39671178864245\n ],\n [\n -119.70016479492188,\n 34.39671178864245\n ],\n [\n -119.67475891113281,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -119.60266113281249,\n 34.420504880133834\n ],\n [\n -119.55665588378905,\n 34.414840472199934\n ],\n [\n -119.51408386230469,\n 34.38821261603411\n ],\n [\n -119.48387145996094,\n 34.38197934098774\n ],\n [\n -119.388427734375,\n 34.3207552752374\n ],\n [\n -119.36782836914061,\n 34.32188946052673\n ],\n [\n -119.32388305664064,\n 34.28331856338139\n ],\n [\n -119.28268432617188,\n 34.27253823511796\n ],\n [\n -119.26963806152344,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -119.26551818847656,\n 34.22826766646368\n ],\n [\n -119.22706604003905,\n 34.156136287732515\n ],\n [\n -119.31015014648438,\n 34.0833745509365\n ],\n [\n -119.55871582031251,\n 34.21180215769026\n ],\n [\n -119.70840454101561,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -120.39916992187499,\n 34.250405862125\n ],\n [\n -120.41702270507812,\n 34.453350878522286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"Special Issue 56","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55698de3e4b0d9246a9f64a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, E. P. L.","contributorId":140983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P. L.","affiliations":[{"id":12474,"text":"Deltares, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":140982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocatus, John","contributorId":66800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocatus","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176152,"text":"70176152 - 2009 - Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176152,"text":"70176152 - 2009 - Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program","indexId":"70176152","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T15:28:44.712642","indexId":"70176152","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program","docAbstract":"Over nearly two decades, the Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) small watershed research program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has documented how water and solute fluxes, nutrient, carbon, and mercury dynamics, and weathering and sediment transport respond to natural and humancaused drivers, including climate, climate change, and atmospheric deposition. Together with a continued and increasing focus on the effects of climate change, more investigations are needed that examine ecological effects (e.g., evapotranspiration, nutrient uptake) and responses (e.g., species abundances, biodiversity) that are coupled with the physical and chemical processes historically observed in the WEBB program. Greater use of remote sensing, geographic modeling, and habitat/watershed modeling tools is needed, as is closer integration with the USGS-led National Phenology Network. Better understanding of process and system response times is needed. The analysis and observation of land-use and climate change effects over time should be improved by pooling data obtained by the WEBB program during the last two decades with data obtained earlier and (or) concurrently from other research and monitoring studies conducted at or near the five WEBB watershed sites. These data can be supplemented with historical and paleo-environmental information, such as could be obtained from tree rings and lake cores. Because of the relatively pristine nature and small size of its watersheds, the WEBB program could provide process understanding and basic data to better characterize and quantify ecosystem services and to develop and apply indicators of ecosystem health. In collaboration with other Federal and State watershed research programs, the WEBB program has an opportunity to contribute to tracking the short-term dynamics and long-term evolution of ecosystem services and health indicators at a multiplicity of scales across the landscape.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., Larsen, M.C., Greene, E.A., Buss, H.L., Clow, D.W., Hunt, R.J., Mast, M.A., Murphy, S.F., Peters, N.E., Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., and Walker, J.F., 2009, Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program, in Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 39-52.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010839","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Glynn.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b112e4b0f2f0cebe686d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":647480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, Earl A. 0000-0002-9479-0829 eagreene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-0829","contributorId":3518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Earl","email":"eagreene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":647481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buss, Heather L. 0000-0002-1852-3657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-3657","contributorId":15478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buss","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mast, M. 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Application of the current state of knowledge of geologic, hydrologic, geochemical, and geophysical parameters (contingencies) that control storage volume and injectivity allows definition of the contingent resource (CR) of storage. The parameters known with the greatest certainty are based on observations on known traps (KTs) within the AU that produced oil, gas, and water. The aggregate volume of KTs within an AU defines the most conservation volume of contingent resource. Application of the concept of reserve growth to CR volume provides a logical path for subsequent reevaluation of the total resource as knowledge of CO2 storage processes increases during implementation of storage projects. Increased knowledge of storage performance over time will probably allow the volume of the contingent resource of storage to grow over time, although negative growth is possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.036","usgsCitation":"Burruss, R., 2009, CO2 storage resources, reserves, and reserve growth: Toward a methodology for integrated assessment of the storage capacity of oil and gas reservoirs and saline formations: Energy Procedia, v. 1, no. 1, p. 2679-2683, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.036.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2679","endPage":"2683","ipdsId":"IP-009941","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cfee4b06e28e9c2576f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burruss, Robert 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":146833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162065,"text":"70162065 - 2009 - Surveillance and status of fish stocks in western Lake Erie, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T10:01:01","indexId":"70162065","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Surveillance and status of fish stocks in western Lake Erie, 2008","docAbstract":"The Lake Erie Biological Station has conducted bottom trawl assessments of fish populations in western Lake Erie near East Harbor State Park, Ohio each summer and autumn since 1961. The catches of most age-0 forage fishes in 2008 were less than their 15-year means. Mean densities for five species exceeded the long term mean. Mean density of age-0 white perch Morone americana was more than double last year’s mean and the long-term mean. Densities of both yellow perch Perca flavescens and walleye Sander vitreus were at or above their long term mean. Catches of round goby Neogobius melanostomus (all ages combined) exceeded the previous five years, but were substantially below the species’ 13-year (1996-2008) mean. For five species, mean total lengths of age-0 individuals captured in 2008 were greater than their respective 20-year means. During 1988-2007, the frequency of occurrence for yellow perch diet items was highest for benthic invertebrates and zooplankton during the summer and benthic invertebrates in autumn. During summer zooplankton and benthic invertebrates were frequently consumed by white perch. Benthic prey for white perch occurred more frequently in the last 5-10 years.","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Erie Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 23-24, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bur, M.T., Edwards, W., Porta, M.J., Stapanian, M.A., and Kocovsky, P., 2009, Surveillance and status of fish stocks in western Lake Erie, 2008, Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Erie Committee Meeting, Ypsilanti, MI, March 23-24, 2009, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012417","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314240,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/462515896"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea8e4b006455f2d6206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bur, Michael T.","contributorId":102015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, William wedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"wedwards@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porta, Michael J.","contributorId":152026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porta","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":150837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194410,"text":"70194410 - 2009 - Spring and winter records of the eastern pipistrelle (Perimyotis subflavus) in southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T16:58:13","indexId":"70194410","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring and winter records of the eastern pipistrelle (Perimyotis subflavus) in southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) were first documented from South Dakota, western Texas, and New Mexico during recent years, suggesting that the distribution of this species is expanding westward across central parts of North America. In New Mexico, only 2 records of P. subflavus previously were known—one from summer and one from autumn. Here we report on 3 new records of P. subflavus from southeastern New Mexico, including the first 2 records from winter and the first record from spring. One individual in winter was observed hibernating in a cave in Chaves County. Our records and previous ones from autumn and summer suggest that this species is resident throughout the year in New Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western North American Naturalist","usgsCitation":"Valdez, E.W., Geluso, K., Foote, J., Allison-Kosior, G., and Roemer, D.M., 2009, Spring and winter records of the eastern pipistrelle (Perimyotis subflavus) in southeastern New Mexico: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 3, p. 396-398.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss3/15/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cfce4b06e28e9c25757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valdez, Ernest W. 0000-0002-7262-3069 ernie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3069","contributorId":3600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Ernest","email":"ernie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geluso, Keith","contributorId":94637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geluso","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foote, Jennifer","contributorId":200887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foote","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allison-Kosior, Gosia","contributorId":200888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison-Kosior","given":"Gosia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roemer, David M.","contributorId":200889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roemer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193914,"text":"70193914 - 2009 - Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:51:44","indexId":"70193914","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Coolwater streams, which are intermediate in character between coldwater “trout” streams and more diverse warmwater streams, occur widely in temperate regions but are poorly understood. We used modeled water temperature data and fish assemblage samples from 371 stream sites in Michigan and Wisconsin to define, describe, and map coolwater streams and their fish assemblages. We defined coolwater streams as ones having summer water temperatures suitable for both coldwater and warmwater species and used the observed distributions of the 99 fish species at our sites to identify coolwater thermal boundaries. Coolwater streams had June-through-August mean water temperatures of 17.0–20.5°C, July mean temperatures of 17.5–21.0°C, and maximum daily mean temperatures of 20.7–24.6°C. We delineated two subclasses of coolwater streams: “cold transition” (having July mean water temperatures of 17.5–19.5°C) and “warm transition” (having July mean temperatures of 19.5–21.0°C). Fish assemblages in coolwater streams were variable and lacked diagnostic species but were generally intermediate in species richness and overlapped in composition with coldwater and warmwater streams. In cold-transition streams, coldwater (e.g., salmonids and cottids) and transitional species (e.g., creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus, eastern blacknose dace Rhynichthys atratulus, white sucker Catostomus commersonii, and johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum) were common and warmwater species (e.g., ictalurids and centrarchids) were uncommon; in warm-transition streams warmwater and transitional species were common and coldwater species were uncommon. Coolwater was the most widespread and abundant thermal class in Michigan and Wisconsin, comprising 65% of the combined total stream length in the two states (cold-transition streams being more common than warm-transition ones). Our approach can be used to identify and characterize coolwater streams elsewhere in the temperate region, benefiting many aspects of fisheries management and environmental protection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M08-118.1","usgsCitation":"Lyons, J., Zorn, T., Stewart, J.S., Seelbach, P.W., Wehrly, K., and Wang, L., 2009, Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1130-1151, https://doi.org/10.1577/M08-118.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1151","ipdsId":"IP-005975","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, 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jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seelbach, Paul W. pseelbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":3937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","email":"pseelbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wehrly, Kevin","contributorId":6090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehrly","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Lizhu","contributorId":184191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lizhu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159575,"text":"70159575 - 2009 - Audiomagnetotelluric investigation of Snake Valley, eastern Nevada and western Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T10:03:22","indexId":"70159575","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5014,"text":"Geology and Geologic Resources and Issues of Western Utah","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Audiomagnetotelluric investigation of Snake Valley, eastern Nevada and western Utah","docAbstract":"Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data along four profiles in western Snake Valley and the corresponding two-dimensional (2-D) inverse models reveal subsurface structures that may be significant to ground-water investigations in the area. The AMT method is a valuable tool for estimating the electrical resistivity of the earth over depth ranges from a few meters to less than one kilometer. The method has the potential to identify faults and stratigraphy within basins of eastern Nevada, thereby helping define the hydrogeologic framework of the region.
\nAs support for an exploratory well-drilling and hydraulic-testing program, AMT data were collected using a Geometrics Stratagem EH4 system along four profiles that extend roughly east-west from the southern Snake Range into Snake Valley. The profiles range from 3 to 5 kilometers in length, and station spacing was 200 to 400 meters. Two-dimensional inverse models were computed using the data from the transverse-electric (TE), transverse-magnetic (TM), and combined (TE+TM) mode using a conjugate gradient, finite-difference method. Interpretation of the 2-D AMT models defines several faults, some of which may influence ground-water flow in the basins, as well as identify underlying Paleozoic carbonate and clastic rocks and the thickness of basin-fill sediments. These AMT data and models, coupled with the geologic mapping and other surface geophysical methods, form the basis for identifying potential well sites and defining the subsurface structures and stratigraphy within Snake Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","usgsCitation":"McPhee, D., Pari, K., and Baird, F., 2009, Audiomagnetotelluric investigation of Snake Valley, eastern Nevada and western Utah: Geology and Geologic Resources and Issues of Western Utah, p. 287-298.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"298","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013054","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/uga/data/081/081001/287_ugs810287.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Snake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.20631408691406,\n 38.678541582058195\n ],\n [\n -114.20631408691406,\n 39.0303858632327\n ],\n [\n -113.95225524902344,\n 39.0303858632327\n ],\n [\n -113.95225524902344,\n 38.678541582058195\n ],\n [\n -114.20631408691406,\n 38.678541582058195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650523fe4b0f162148c5cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pari, Keith","contributorId":149774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pari","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Baird, Frank","contributorId":149773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baird","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70193898,"text":"70193898 - 2009 - The Tiptop coal-mine fire, Kentucky: Preliminary investigation of the measurement of mercury and other hazardous gases from coal-fire gas vents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:50:32","indexId":"70193898","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Tiptop coal-mine fire, Kentucky: Preliminary investigation of the measurement of mercury and other hazardous gases from coal-fire gas vents","docAbstract":"The Tiptop underground coal-mine fire in the Skyline coalbed of the Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation was investigated in rural northern Breathitt County, Kentucky, in May 2008 and January 2009, for the purpose of determining the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and mercury (Hg) in the vent and for measuring gas-vent temperatures. At the time of our visits, concentrations of CO2 peaked at 2.0% and > 6.0% (v/v) and CO at 600 ppm and > 700 ppm during field analysis in May 2008 and January 2009, respectively. For comparison, these concentrations exceed the U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) eight-hour safe exposure limits (0.5% CO2 and 50 ppm CO), although the site is not currently mined. Mercury, as Hg0, in excess of 500 and 2100 μg/m3, in May and January, respectively, in the field, also exceeded the OSHA eight-hour exposure limit (50 μg/m3). Carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and a suite of organic compounds were determined at two vents for the first sampling event. All gases are diluted by air as they exit and migrate away from a gas vent, but temperature inversions and other meteorological conditions could lead to unhealthy concentrations in the nearby towns.\nVariation in gas temperatures, nearly 300 °C during the January visit to the fire versus < 50 °C in May, demonstrates the large temporal variability in fire intensity at the Tiptop mine. These preliminary results suggest that emissions from coal fires may be important, but additional data are required that address the reasons for significant variations in the composition, flow, and temperature of vent gases.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.005","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Henke, K.R., O’Keefe, J.M., Engle, M.A., Blake, D.R., and Stracher, G.B., 2009, The Tiptop coal-mine fire, Kentucky: Preliminary investigation of the measurement of mercury and other hazardous gases from coal-fire gas vents: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 80, no. 1, p. 63-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.005.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-012697","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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