{"pageNumber":"2032","pageRowStart":"50775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":97262,"text":"ofr20081364 - 2009 - Investigation of coastal hydrogeology utilizing geophysical and geochemical tools along the Broward County coast, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T17:08:10.560415","indexId":"ofr20081364","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1364","title":"Investigation of coastal hydrogeology utilizing geophysical and geochemical tools along the Broward County coast, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geophysical (CHIRP, boomer, and continuous direct-current resistivity) and geochemical tracer studies (continuous and time-series&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Radon) were conducted along the Broward County coast from Port Everglades to Hillsboro Inlet, Florida. Simultaneous seismic, direct-current resistivity, and radon surveys in the coastal waters provided information to characterize the geologic framework and identify potential groundwater-discharge sites. Time-series radon at the Nova Southeastern University National Coral Reef Institute (NSU/NCRI) seawall indicated a very strong tidally modulated discharge of ground water with&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn activities ranging from 4 to 10 disintegrations per minute per liter depending on tidal stage. CHIRP seismic data provided very detailed bottom profiles (i.e., bathymetry); however, acoustic penetration was poor and resulted in no observed subsurface geologic structure. Boomer data, on the other hand, showed features that are indicative of karst, antecedent topography (buried reefs), and sand-filled troughs. Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) data showed slight variability in the subsurface along the coast. Subtle changes in subsurface resistivity between nearshore (higher values) and offshore (lower values) profiles may indicate either a freshening of subsurface water nearshore or a change in sediment porosity or lithology. Further lithologic and hydrologic controls from sediment or rock cores or well data are needed to constrain the variability in CRP data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081364","usgsCitation":"Reich, C.D., Swarzenski, P.W., Greenwood, W.J., and Wiese, D.S., 2009, Investigation of coastal hydrogeology utilizing geophysical and geochemical tools along the Broward County coast, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1364, Report: v, 21 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081364.","productDescription":"Report: v, 21 p.; 3 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1364/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86340.htm"},{"id":198107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.14114379882812,\n              25.96792222903405\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.969482421875,\n              25.96792222903405\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.969482421875,\n              26.295877391487554\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.14114379882812,\n              26.295877391487554\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.14114379882812,\n              25.96792222903405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db530d58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Christopher D. 0000-0002-2534-1456 creich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"creich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, W. Jason","contributorId":40315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97266,"text":"pp1760 - 2009 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97265,"text":"pp1760A - 2009 - Mesozoic magmatism and base-metal mineralization in the Fortymile mining district, eastern Alaska — Initial results of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies in the Mount Veta area","indexId":"pp1760A","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Mesozoic magmatism and base-metal mineralization in the Fortymile mining district, eastern Alaska — Initial results of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies in the Mount Veta area"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97266,"text":"pp1760 - 2009 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","indexId":"pp1760","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":97574,"text":"pp1760C - 2009 - The Longview/Lakeview barite deposits, southern National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPRA) — Potential-field models and preliminary size estimates","indexId":"pp1760C","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"The Longview/Lakeview barite deposits, southern National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPRA) — Potential-field models and preliminary size estimates"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97266,"text":"pp1760 - 2009 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","indexId":"pp1760","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":97862,"text":"pp1760E - 2009 - Channel incision and water-table decline along a recently rormed proglacial stream, Mendenhall Valley, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"pp1760E","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Channel incision and water-table decline along a recently rormed proglacial stream, Mendenhall Valley, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97266,"text":"pp1760 - 2009 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","indexId":"pp1760","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"pp1760","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1760","title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","docAbstract":"The collection of papers that follow continues the series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigative reports in Alaska under the broad umbrella of the geologic sciences. This series represents new and sometimes-preliminary findings that are of interest to Earth scientists in academia, government, and industry; to land and resource managers; and to the general public. The reports presented in Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska cover a broad spectrum of topics from various parts of the State, serving to emphasize the diversity of USGS efforts to meet the Nation's needs for Earth-science information in Alaska. This professional paper is one of a series of 'online only' versions of Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, reflecting the current trend toward disseminating research results on the World Wide Web with rapid posting of completed reports.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1760","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., and Galloway, J.P., 2009, Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1760, Chapters, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1760.","productDescription":"Chapters","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1760.jpg"},{"id":12317,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1760/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a91b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, John P. jgallway@usgs.gov","contributorId":3345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"John","email":"jgallway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97260,"text":"ofr20081206 - 2009 - Coastal change along the shore of northeastern South Carolina: The South Carolina Coastal Erosion Study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T19:52:07.636972","indexId":"ofr20081206","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1206","title":"Coastal change along the shore of northeastern South Carolina: The South Carolina Coastal Erosion Study","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, conducted a 7-year, multi-disciplinary study of coastal erosion in northeastern South Carolina.  The main objective was to understand the geologic and oceanographic processes that control sediment movement along the region's shoreline and thereby improve projections of coastal change.  The study used high-resolution remote sensing and sampling techniques to define the geologic framework and assess historic shoreline change.  Based on these findings, oceanographic-process studies and numerical modeling were carried out to determine the rates and directions of sediment transport along South Carolina's Grand Strand.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium","usgsCitation":"2009, Coastal change along the shore of northeastern South Carolina: The South Carolina Coastal Erosion Study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1206, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081206.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403010,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86342.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12310,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.244384765625,\n              33.261656767328006\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.673095703125,\n              33.261656767328006\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.673095703125,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.244384765625,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.244384765625,\n              33.261656767328006\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec69","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnhardt, W. A.","contributorId":86449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726034,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97268,"text":"sir20095002 - 2009 - Water use in Georgia by county for 2005; and water-use trends, 1980-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-26T14:25:31.406981","indexId":"sir20095002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5002","title":"Water use in Georgia by county for 2005; and water-use trends, 1980-2005","docAbstract":"<p>Water use for 2005 for each county in Georgia was estimated using data obtained from various Federal and State agencies and local sources. Total consumptive water use also was estimated for each county in Georgia for 2005. Estimates of offstream water use include the categories of public supply, domestic, commercial, industrial, mining, irrigation, livestock, and thermoelectric power. The only category of instream use estimated was hydroelectric-power generation.</p><p>Total offstream water use from ground- and surface-water sources was about 5,471 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 2005. Surface water used in the process of thermoelectric-power generation was the largest volume of water withdrawn with withdrawals of 2,717 Mgal/d in 2005. Estimated instream water use for hydroelectric-power generation was 54,096 Mgal/d. Withdrawals for irrigation totaled 752 Mgal/d with 65 percent supplied by ground-water sources. Surface water provided 78 percent of the 1,180 Mgal/d withdrawn for public supply. Many counties in the northern Piedmont physiographic province of Georgia, an area of dense population, had a large percentage of withdrawals from surface-water sources. In contrast, in the southern Coastal Plain physiographic province part of the State, many counties had more withdrawals from ground-water sources.</p><p>As part of the Georgia Water-Use Program, statewide water-use estimates have been compiled every 5 years since 1980. During this period, water use was greatest in 1980 at 6,725 Mgal/d. Water use decreased by 31 percent to 5,353 Mgal/d in 1990 then increased to 6,487 Mgal/d in 2000. By 2005, water withdrawals had decreased to an estimated 5,471 Mgal/d primarily because of a decline in withdrawals for thermoelectric-power generation and a decline in demands as 2005 was a normal year for precipitation compared to 2000, which was in drought. Throughout the period 1980–2005, water withdrawn for thermoelectric-power generation made up the largest volume of offstream water use in Georgia. Total withdrawals for thermoelectric-power generation decreased about 24 percent in 2005 compared to 2000, due to the decommissioning of three power plants in the State. In addition, several plants operated by Georgia Power Company were retooled during this period to increase water conservation. Public-supply use steadily increased from 1980 to 2000, concurrent with increasing population in the State; however, in 2005, there was a slight decrease in public-supply use. Conversely, industrial water use decreased during the period 1980–2005. Water withdrawals for irrigation during 1980–2005 followed changing hydrologic conditions, increasing during drier years (1980 and 2000) and decreasing during normal or wetter years. Withdrawals for the categories of domestic and commercial use remained about the same during 1980–2005. Livestock and mining use increased in 2005 compared to the 2000 estimates because of changes in estimation techniques.</p><p>Consumptive water use was determined for each category of use and compiled for each county. Estimation techniques vary for each water-use category. While consumptive use varied for each county in 2005, from about 1 percent to nearly 100 percent of total withdrawals, consumptive-use estimates for the entire State totaled 1,310 Mgal/d, about 24 percent of total withdrawals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division","usgsCitation":"Fanning, J.L., and Trent, V.P., 2009, Water use in Georgia by county for 2005; and water-use trends, 1980-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5002, iv, 186 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095002.","productDescription":"iv, 186 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":97259,"text":"ofr20091019 - 2009 - Summary of Survival Data from Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Klamath River, Northern California, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20091019","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1019","title":"Summary of Survival Data from Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Klamath River, Northern California, 2008","docAbstract":"A study to estimate the effects of Iron Gate Dam discharge on ESA-listed juvenile coho salmon during their seaward migration to the ocean was begun in 2005. Estimates of survival through various reaches of river downstream from the dam were completed in 2006, 2007, and 2008 as part of this process. This report describes the estimates of survival during 2008, and is a complement to similar reports from 2006 and 2007. In each year, a series of models were evaluated to determine apparent survival and recapture probabilities of radio-tagged fish in several river reaches between Iron Gate Hatchery at river kilometer 309 and a site at river kilometer 33. These results indicate most trends in survival among reaches were similar to those from 2006 and 2007, but the magnitudes of the estimated survivals were lower in 2008. The differences in survivals from Iron Gate Hatchery to river kilometer 33 in 2006 (0.653 SE 0.039), 2007 (0.497 SE 0.044), and 2008 (0.406 SE 0.032) were caused primarily by differences in survival upstream from the Scott River. This report is intended as a brief description of the survivals estimated from the fish released in 2008 to be used by others interested in the data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Juhnke, S., and Hansel, H.C., 2009, Summary of Survival Data from Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Klamath River, Northern California, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1019, iv, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091019.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12309,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juhnke, Steven","contributorId":43465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhnke","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97267,"text":"ofr20091013 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey Global Seismographic Network - Five-Year Plan 2006-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20091013","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1013","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Global Seismographic Network - Five-Year Plan 2006-2010","docAbstract":"The Global Seismographic Network provides data for earthquake alerting, tsunami warning, nuclear treaty verification, and Earth science research. The system consists of nearly 150 permanent digital stations, distributed across the globe, connected by a modern telecommunications network. It serves as a multi-use scientific facility and societal resource for monitoring, research, and education, by providing nearly uniform, worldwide monitoring of the Earth. The network was developed and is operated through a partnership among the National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov), the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/gsn), and the U.S. Geological Survey (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/gsn).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091013","usgsCitation":"Leith, W.S., Gee, L., and Hutt, C.R., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Global Seismographic Network - Five-Year Plan 2006-2010 (Revised Feb 12, 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1013, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091013.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revised Feb 12, 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613a8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leith, William S. 0000-0002-3463-3119 wleith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-3119","contributorId":2248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"William","email":"wleith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, Lind S. lgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"Lind S.","email":"lgee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046857,"text":"70046857 - 2009 - Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Sahara, Northern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:13:31","indexId":"70046857","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-01T16:21:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Sahara, Northern Africa","docAbstract":"This paper presents an overview of the Cenozoic stratigraphic record in the Sahara, and shows that the strata display some remarkably similar characteristics across much of the region. In fact, some lithologies of certain ages are exceptionally widespread and persistent, and many of the changes from one lithology to another appear to have been relatively synchronous across the Sahara. The general stratigraphic succession is that of a transition from early Cenozoic carbonate strata to late Cenozoic siliciclastic strata. This transition in lithology coincides with a long-term eustatic fall in sea level since the middle Cretaceous and with a global climate transition from a Late Cretaceous–Early Eocene “warm mode” to a Late Eocene–Quaternary “cool mode”. Much of the shorter-term stratigraphic variability in the Sahara (and even the regional unconformities) also can be correlated with specific changes in sea level, climate, and tectonic activity during the Cenozoic. Specifically, Paleocene and Eocene carbonate strata and phosphate are suggestive of a warm and humid climate, whereas latest Eocene evaporitic strata (and an end-Eocene regional unconformity) are correlated with a eustatic fall in sea level, the build-up of ice in Antarctica, and the appearance of relatively arid climates in the Sahara. The absence of Oligocene strata throughout much of the Sahara is attributed to the effects of generally low eustatic sea level during the Oligocene and tectonic uplift in certain areas during the Late Eocene and Oligocene. Miocene sandstone and conglomerate are attributed to the effects of continued tectonic uplift around the Sahara, generally low eustatic sea level, and enough rainfall to support the development of extensive fluvial systems. Middle–Upper Miocene carbonate strata accumulated in northern Libya in response to a eustatic rise in sea level, whereas Upper Miocene mudstone accumulated along the south side of the Atlas Mountains because uplift of the mountains blocked fluvial access to the Mediterranean Sea. Uppermost Miocene evaporites (and an end-Miocene regional unconformity) in the northern Sahara are correlated with the Messinian desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea. Abundant and widespread Pliocene paleosols are attributed to the onset of relatively arid climate conditions and (or) greater variability of climate conditions, and the appearance of persistent and widespread eolian sediments in the Sahara is coincident with the major glaciation in the northern hemisphere during the Pliocene.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.08.001","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C., 2009, Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Sahara, Northern Africa: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 53, no. 3, p. 89-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.08.001.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"121","ipdsId":"IP-005682","costCenters":[{"id":457,"text":"Native American Tribal Relations","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274724,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.08.001"}],"otherGeospatial":"Sahara","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -18.720703125,\n              -5.0909441750333855\n            ],\n            [\n              52.470703125,\n              -5.0909441750333855\n            ],\n            [\n              52.470703125,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -18.720703125,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -18.720703125,\n              -5.0909441750333855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dbdf68e4b0f81004b77ce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S.","contributorId":52640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70147902,"text":"70147902 - 2009 - Bycatch of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in a commercial fishery for shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:42:47","indexId":"70147902","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Bycatch of the endangered pallid sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i>) in a commercial fishery for shovelnose sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus platorynchus</i>)","title":"Bycatch of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in a commercial fishery for shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus)","docAbstract":"<p>We quantified the bycatch of pallid sturgeon <i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i> in Tennessee's shovelnose sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus platorynchus</i>) fishery by accompanying commercial fishers and monitoring their catch on five dates in spring 2007. Fishers were free to keep or discard any sturgeon they collected in their gillnets and trotlines and we were afforded the opportunity to collect meristic and morphometric data and tissue samples from discarded and harvested specimens. Fishers removed 327 live sturgeon from their gear in our presence, of which 93 were harvested; we also obtained the carcasses of 20 sturgeon that a fisher harvested out of our sight while we were on the water with another fisher. Two of the 113 harvested sturgeon were confirmed pallid sturgeon based on microsatellite DNA analyses. Additionally, fishers gave us five, live pallid sturgeon that they had removed from their gear. If the incidental harvest rate of pallid sturgeon (1.8% of all sturgeon harvested) was similar in the previous two commercial seasons, at least 169 adult pallid sturgeon were harvested by commercial fishers in the Tennessee waters of the Mississippi River in 2005-2007. If fishers altered their behavior because of our presence (i.e. if they were more conservative in what they harvested), the pallid sturgeon take was probably higher when they fished unaccompanied by observers. While retrieving a gill net set the previous day, a fisher we were accompanying retrieved a gillnet lost 2 days earlier; this ghost net caught 53 sturgeon whereby one fish was harvested but most fish were dead, including one confirmed pallid sturgeon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01183.x","usgsCitation":"Bettoli, P.W., Casto-Yerty, M., Scholten, G., and Heist, E., 2009, Bycatch of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in a commercial fishery for shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus): Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01183.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009105","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01183.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2afe4b0a92fa7e93bd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bettoli, Phillip William pbettoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"Phillip","email":"pbettoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casto-Yerty, M.","contributorId":68985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casto-Yerty","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholten, G.D.","contributorId":39184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholten","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heist, Edward J.","contributorId":44849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heist","given":"Edward J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168689,"text":"70168689 - 2009 - Vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related fire impacts in rural and urban interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T06:15:58","indexId":"70168689","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3096,"text":"Polar Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related fire impacts in rural and urban interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This paper explores whether fundamental differences exist between urban and rural vulnerability to climate-induced changes in the fire regime of interior Alaska. We further examine how communities and fire managers have responded to these changes and what additional adaptations could be put in place. We engage a variety of social science methods, including demographic analysis, semi-structured interviews, surveys, workshops and observations of public meetings. This work is part of an interdisciplinary study of feedback and interactions between climate, vegetation, fire and human components of the Boreal forest social&ndash;ecological system of interior Alaska. We have learned that although urban and rural communities in interior Alaska face similar increased exposure to wildfire as a result of climate change, important differences exist in their sensitivity to these biophysical, climate-induced changes. In particular, reliance on wild foods, delayed suppression response, financial resources and institutional connections vary between urban and rural communities. These differences depend largely on social, economic and institutional factors, and are not necessarily related to biophysical climate impacts per se. Fire management and suppression action motivated by political, economic or other pressures can serve as unintentional or indirect adaptation to climate change. However, this indirect response alone may not sufficiently reduce vulnerability to a changing fire regime. More deliberate and strategic responses may be required, given the magnitude of the expected climate change and the likelihood of an intensification of the fire regime in interior Alaska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Norwegian Polar Institute ","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00101.x","usgsCitation":"Trainor, S., Calef, M., Natcher, D., Chapin, F.S., McGuire, A.D., Huntington, O., Duffy, P.A., Rupp, T., DeWilde, L., Kwart, M., Fresco, N., and Lovecraft, A.L., 2009, Vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related fire impacts in rural and urban interior Alaska: Polar Research, v. 28, p. 100-118, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00101.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017477","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00101.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -140.625,\n              62.91523303947614\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.3828125,\n              68.26938680456564\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              67.20403234340081\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.2890625,\n              62.103882522897855\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.015625,\n              59.712097173322924\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.625,\n              62.91523303947614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee285e4b015c306ec5f19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trainor, Sarah F.","contributorId":21396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"Sarah F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calef, Monika","contributorId":167164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calef","given":"Monika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Natcher, David","contributorId":167165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Natcher","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapin, F. Stuart III","contributorId":65632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huntington, Orville","contributorId":167166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntington","given":"Orville","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duffy, Paul A.","contributorId":148013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16973,"text":"Neptune and Company Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rupp, T. Scott","contributorId":21395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeWilde, La’Ona","contributorId":167167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWilde","given":"La’Ona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kwart, Mary","contributorId":167168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kwart","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fresco, Nancy","contributorId":30860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fresco","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lovecraft, Amy Lauren","contributorId":167169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovecraft","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"Lauren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70036095,"text":"70036095 - 2009 - Development and validation of a quantitative PCR to detect Parvicapsula minibicornis and comparison to histologically ranked infection of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), from the Klamath River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T12:31:01","indexId":"70036095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and validation of a quantitative PCR to detect Parvicapsula minibicornis and comparison to histologically ranked infection of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), from the Klamath River, USA","docAbstract":"Parvicapsula minibicornis is a myxosporean parasite that is associated with disease in Pacific salmon during their freshwater life history phase. This study reports the development of a quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to detect P. minibicornis DNA. The QPCR assay targets the 18S ribosomal subunit gene. A plasmid DNA control was developed to calibrate cycle threshold (C<sub>T</sub>) score to plasmid molecular equivalent (PME) units, a measure of gene copy number. Assay validation revealed that the QPCR was sensitive and able to detect 50 ag of plasmid DNA, which was equivalent to 12.5 PME. The QPCR assay could detect single P. minibicornis actinospores well above assay sensitivity, indicating a single spore contains at least 100 times the 18S DNA copies required for detection. The QPCR assay was repeatable and highly specific; no detectable amplification was observed using DNA from related myxozoan parasites. The method was validated using kidney tissues from 218 juvenile Chinook salmon sampled during the emigration period of March to July 2005 from the Klamath River. The QPCR assay was compared with histological examination. The QPCR assay detected P. minibicornis infection in 88.1% of the fish sampled, while histological examination detected infection in 71.1% of the fish sampled. Good concordance was found between the methods as 80% of the samples were in agreement. The majority of the disconcordant fish were positive by QPCR, with low levels of P. minibicornis DNA, but negative by histology. The majority of the fish rated histologically as having subclinical or clinical infections had high QPCR levels. The results of this study demonstrate that QPCR is a sensitive quantitative tool for evaluating P. minibicornis infection in fish health monitoring studies. ?? 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00975.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"TRUE, K., Purcell, M.K., and Foott, J., 2009, Development and validation of a quantitative PCR to detect Parvicapsula minibicornis and comparison to histologically ranked infection of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), from the Klamath River, USA: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 32, no. 2, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00975.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476099,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00975.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00975.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.81915283203126,\n              42.204107493733176\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03338623046874,\n              42.169510705216574\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.310791015625,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.607421875,\n              41.94519164538106\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.68089294433594,\n              41.857287927691345\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.02078247070312,\n              41.840408844786396\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.13888549804686,\n              41.82761869589464\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.37165832519531,\n              41.89409955811395\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.44924926757812,\n              41.79384042311992\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.58383178710938,\n              41.55072788140255\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.62091064453125,\n              41.321138395239565\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.95736694335938,\n              41.52297326747377\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.06585693359375,\n              41.5579215778042\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.08096313476562,\n              41.51680395810118\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.95187377929686,\n              41.3850519497068\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.80218505859375,\n              41.17555303422341\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.65386962890624,\n              41.1724519493126\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.35037231445312,\n              41.51577568269484\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.19107055664064,\n              41.763117447005875\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98233032226561,\n              41.75389768415882\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.68981933593749,\n              41.80510182643331\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.38632202148438,\n              41.88898809959183\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01004028320312,\n              42.06050904321049\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00454711914061,\n              42.091089168803315\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84112548828125,\n              42.08395512413707\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7010498046875,\n              42.20919365980178\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7779541015625,\n              42.238685347536496\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82327270507812,\n              42.231567925608616\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81915283203126,\n              42.204107493733176\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0029e4b0c8380cd4f605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"TRUE, K.","contributorId":18235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TRUE","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foott, J.S.","contributorId":89485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foott","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154983,"text":"70154983 - 2009 - The ecology, restoration, and management of southeastern floodplain ecosystems: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T15:15:44.454957","indexId":"70154983","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ecology, restoration, and management of southeastern floodplain ecosystems: A synthesis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Floodplain ecosystems of the southeastern United States provide numerous services to society, but hydrologic and geomorphic alterations, agricultural practices, water quality and availability, and urban development continue to challenge restorationists and managers at multiple spatial and temporal scales. These challenges are further exacerbated by tremendous uncertainty regarding climate and land use patterns and natural variability in these systems. The symposium from which the papers in 2009 ensued was organized to provide a critical evaluation of current natural resource restoration and management practices to support the sustainability of floodplain ecosystem functions in the southeastern United States. In this paper we synthesize these concepts and evaluate restoration and conservation techniques in light of our understanding of these ecosystems. We also discuss current and future challenges and attempt to identify new approaches that may facilitate the long-term sustainability of southeastern floodplain systems. We conclude that&nbsp;</span><i>integration</i><span>&nbsp;of disciplines and approaches is necessary to meet the floodplain conservation challenges of the coming century. Integration will not only include purposeful dialogue between interdisciplinary natural resource professionals, but it also is necessary to sincerely engage the public about goals, objectives, and desirable outcomes of floodplain ecosystem restoration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/08-223.1","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., Sharitz, R.R., Groninger, J.W., and Battaglia, L.L., 2009, The ecology, restoration, and management of southeastern floodplain ecosystems: A synthesis: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 624-634, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-223.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010296","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Floodplain systems","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.95556640625,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.0322265625,\n              29.094577077511826\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.97802734375,\n              28.97931203672246\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.98974609375,\n              30.050076521698735\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.7705078125,\n              29.516110386062277\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8916015625,\n              29.7453016622136\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.27636718749999,\n              28.555576049185973\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5517578125,\n              24.84656534821976\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.00244140625,\n              28.07198030177986\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.0791015625,\n              31.147006308556566\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.146484375,\n              35.8356283888737\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.970703125,\n              39.04478604850143\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.50634765625,\n              39.2832938689385\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.95556640625,\n              39.45316112807394\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.95556640625,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beafe4b09a3b01b530a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharitz, Rebecca R.","contributorId":44598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharitz","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groninger, John W.","contributorId":70208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groninger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battaglia, Loretta L.","contributorId":8307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Loretta","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043426,"text":"70043426 - 2009 - Modeling Carbon Dioxide, pH and Un-Ionized Ammonia Relationships in Serial Reuse Systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T14:03:04","indexId":"70043426","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling Carbon Dioxide, pH and Un-Ionized Ammonia Relationships in Serial Reuse Systems","docAbstract":"In serial reuse systems, excretion of metabolic carbon dioxide has a significant impact on ambient pH, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia concentrations. This impact depends strongly on alkalinity, water flow rate, feeding rate, and loss of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. A reduction in pH from metabolic carbon dioxide can significantly reduce the un-ionized ammonia concentration and increase the carbon dioxide concentrations compared to those parameters computed from influent pH. The ability to accurately predict pH in serial reuse systems is critical to their design and effective operation.\n\nA trial and error solution to the alkalinity–pH system was used to estimate important water quality parameters in serial reuse systems. Transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the air–water interface, at overflow weirs, and impacts of substrate-attached algae and suspended bacteria were modeled. Gas transfer at the weirs was much greater than transfer across the air–water boundary.\n\nThis simulation model can rapidly estimate influent and effluent concentrations of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia as a function of water temperature, elevation, water flow, and weir type. The accuracy of the estimates strongly depends on assumed pollutional loading rates and gas transfer at the weirs. The current simulation model is based on mean daily loading rates; the impacts of daily variation loading rates are discussed. Copies of the source code and executable program are available free of charge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004","usgsCitation":"Watten, B.J., Rust, M., and Colt, J., 2009, Modeling Carbon Dioxide, pH and Un-Ionized Ammonia Relationships in Serial Reuse Systems: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 40, no. 1, p. 28-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004.","startPage":"28","endPage":"44","ipdsId":"IP-011562","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267410,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004"}],"country":"United States","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e1592e4b071e86a19a47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rust, Michael","contributorId":65741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rust","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colt, John","contributorId":63695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colt","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97255,"text":"sir20085200 - 2009 - Ground-Water Temperature, Noble Gas, and Carbon Isotope Data from the Espanola Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20085200","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5200","title":"Ground-Water Temperature, Noble Gas, and Carbon Isotope Data from the Espanola Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Ground-water samples were collected from 56 locations throughout the Espanola Basin and analyzed for general chemistry (major ions and trace elements), carbon isotopes (delta 13C and 14C activity) in dissolved inorganic carbon, noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and 3He/4He ratio), and tritium. Temperature profiles were measured at six locations in the southeastern part of the basin. Temperature profiles suggest that ground water generally becomes warmer with distance from the mountains and that most ground-water flow occurs at depths <250 m below ground surface. The two dominant water types in the basin are Ca/CO3+HCO3 and Na/CO3+HCO3, followed by mixed-cation/CO3+HCO3. Waters generally evolve from Ca/CO3+HCO3 to Na/CO3+HCO3 with increasing residence time through Ca-Na cation exchange with clay minerals. Basin ground water can be divided into four hydrochemical zones based on chemical and isotopic composition: West, Southeast, Northeast, and Central Deep. Hydrochemical zone boundaries are roughly correlated with contacts between geologic units or lithosome transitions within the Tesuque Formation.\r\nGeochemical mass-transfer modeling was performed using NETPATH and 14C ages were adjusted accordingly. Isotopic input parameters were varied within reasonable limits to assess uncertainty in the adjusted 14C ages. For each sample, a preferred adjusted age was selected from multiple possible adjusted ages based primarily on the fit between measured and modeled delta 13C values. The range of possible age adjustments for most samples is about 6,000 years or less, indicating that the preferred adjusted age for most samples has a total range of uncertainty of <6,000 years. Preferred adjusted ages range from 0 to 35,400 years. First-order trends in the age distribution include older ages generally occurring farther from rivers on the east side of the basin and farther from the mountains, consistent with both mountain-front recharge and recharge on the basin floor in the form of stream-loss and arroyo recharge. Ages also increase with depth in the Southeast zone, the only area where discrete-depth samples could be collected.\r\nRecharge temperatures derived from noble gas concentrations were used in conjunction with an empirically derived local relationship between recharge temperature and elevation to constrain recharge elevation and to estimate fractions of mountain-block recharge (MBR) in sampled waters of Holocene age. Noble gas recharge temperatures indicate that ground water in the Southeast zone contains a significant fraction of MBR, commonly 20-50 percent or more. The same is apparently true for the Northeast zone, though only two data points could be used to evaluate the MBR fraction in this area. Recharge temperatures indicate that the upper 30 m of the regional aquifer on the Pajarito Plateau typically contain little or no MBR.\r\nTritium concentrations and apparent 3H/3He ages indicate that water in the mountain block is dominantly <50 years old, and water in the basin-fill is dominantly >50 years old, consistent with the 14C ages. Terrigenic He (Heterr) concentrations in ground water are high (log Delta Heterr of 2 to 5) throughout much of the basin. High Heterr concentrations are probably caused by in situ production in the Tesuque Formation from locally high concentrations of U-bearing minerals (Northeast zone only), or by upward diffusive/advective transport of crustal- and mantle-sourced He possibly enhanced by basement piercing faults, or by both. The 3He/4He ratio of Heterr (Rterr) is commonly high (Rterr/Ra of 0.3-2.0, where Ra is the 3He/4He ratio in air) suggesting that Espanola Basin ground water commonly contains mantle-sourced He. The 3He/4He ratio of Heterr is generally the highest in the western and southern parts of the basin, closest to the western border fault system and the Quaternary to Miocene volcanics of the Jemez Mountains and Cerros del Rio.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Los Alamos National Laboratory and the City of Santa Fe, New Mexico","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., 2009, Ground-Water Temperature, Noble Gas, and Carbon Isotope Data from the Espanola Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5200, vi, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085200.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12304,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,31 ], [ -110,40 ], [ -101,40 ], [ -101,31 ], [ -110,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200730,"text":"70200730 - 2009 - Volcano monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:34:54","indexId":"70200730","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-30T10:22:10","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Volcano monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>Volcanoes are not randomly distributed over the Earth's surface. Most are concentrated on the edges of continents, along island chains, or beneath the sea where they form long mountain ranges. More than half of the world's active volcanoes above sea level encircle the Pacific Ocean (see<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-reveal link-table xref-fig\" data-open=\"ch12fig1\">Fig. 1</a>). The concept of&nbsp;plate tectonics&nbsp;explains the locations of volcanoes and their relationship to other large-scale geologic features. The Earth's surface is made up of a patchwork of about a dozen large plates and a number of smaller ones that move relative to one another at &lt;1 cm to ~10 cm/yr (about the speed at which fingernails grow). These rigid plates, with average thickness of ~80 km, are separating, sliding past each other, or colliding on top of the Earth's hot, viscous interior. Volcanoes tend to form where plates collide or spread apart (<a class=\"link link-reveal link-table xref-fig\" data-open=\"ch12fig2\">Fig. 2</a>) but can also grow in the middle of a plate, like the Hawaiian volcanoes (<a class=\"link link-reveal link-table xref-fig\" data-open=\"ch12fig3\">Fig. 3</a>).</p><p>Of the more than 1,500 volcanoes worldwide believed to have been active in the past 10,000 years, 169 are in the United States and its territories (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"ch12r12\">Ewert et al., 2005</a>) (see<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-reveal link-table xref-fig\" data-open=\"ch12fig4\">Fig. 4</a>). As of spring 2007, two of these volcanoes, Kilauea and Mount St. Helens, are erupting, while several others, including Mauna Loa, Fourpeaked, Korovin, Veniaminof, and Anatahan, exhibit one or more signs of restlessness, such as anomalous earthquakes, deformation of the volcano's surface, or changes in volume and composition.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Monitoring","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.monitoring(12)","isbn":"9780813759432","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Dehn, J., Hoblitt, R.P., Lahusen, R.G., Lowenstern, J.B., Moran, S.C., McClelland, L., McGee, K.A., Nathenson, M., Okubo, P.G., Pallister, J.S., Poland, M., Power, J.A., Schneider, D.J., and Sisson, T.W., 2009, Volcano monitoring, chap. 12 <i>of</i> Geological Monitoring, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.monitoring(12).","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd70e4b034bf6a7f8b45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dehn, Jonathan","contributorId":49322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dehn","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. rhoblitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"rhoblitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahusen, Richard G. rlahusen@usgs.gov","contributorId":535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"Richard","email":"rlahusen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McClelland, Lindsay","contributorId":51652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"Lindsay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGee, Kenneth A. kenmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":97250,"text":"ofr20091004 - 2009 - An Excel Workbook for Identifying Redox Processes in Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20091004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1004","title":"An Excel Workbook for Identifying Redox Processes in Ground Water","docAbstract":"The reduction/oxidation (redox) condition of ground water affects the concentration, transport, and fate of many anthropogenic and natural contaminants. The redox state of a ground-water sample is defined by the dominant type of reduction/oxidation reaction, or redox process, occurring in the sample, as inferred from water-quality data. However, because of the difficulty in defining and applying a systematic redox framework to samples from diverse hydrogeologic settings, many regional water-quality investigations do not attempt to determine the predominant redox process in ground water. Recently, McMahon and Chapelle (2008) devised a redox framework that was applied to a large number of samples from 15 principal aquifer systems in the United States to examine the effect of redox processes on water quality. This framework was expanded by Chapelle and others (in press) to use measured sulfide data to differentiate between iron(III)- and sulfate-reducing conditions. These investigations showed that a systematic approach to characterize redox conditions in ground water could be applied to datasets from diverse hydrogeologic settings using water-quality data routinely collected in regional water-quality investigations. \r\n\r\nThis report describes the Microsoft Excel workbook, RedoxAssignment_McMahon&Chapelle.xls, that assigns the predominant redox process to samples using the framework created by McMahon and Chapelle (2008) and expanded by Chapelle and others (in press). Assignment of redox conditions is based on concentrations of dissolved oxygen (O2), nitrate (NO3-), manganese (Mn2+), iron (Fe2+), sulfate (SO42-), and sulfide (sum of dihydrogen sulfide [aqueous H2S], hydrogen sulfide [HS-], and sulfide [S2-]). The logical arguments for assigning the predominant redox process to each sample are performed by a program written in Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The program is called from buttons on the main worksheet. The number of samples that can be analyzed is only limited by the number of rows in Excel (65,536 for Excel 2003 and XP; and 1,048,576 for Excel 2007), and is therefore appropriate for large datasets.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091004","usgsCitation":"Jurgens, B., McMahon, P.B., Chapelle, F.H., and Eberts, S., 2009, An Excel Workbook for Identifying Redox Processes in Ground Water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1004, Report: vi, 8 p.; Workbook, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091004.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 8 p.; Workbook","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12299,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97249,"text":"ofr20091015 - 2009 - Preliminary geologic map of the Laredo, Crystal City–Eagle Pass, San Antonio, and Del Rio 1° x 2° quadrangles, Texas, and the Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Acuña, Piedras Negras, and Nueva Rosita 1° x 2° quadrangles, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-09T19:03:40.201765","indexId":"ofr20091015","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1015","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Laredo, Crystal City–Eagle Pass, San Antonio, and Del Rio 1° x 2° quadrangles, Texas, and the Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Acuña, Piedras Negras, and Nueva Rosita 1° x 2° quadrangles, Mexico","docAbstract":"The purpose of this map is to provide an integrated, bi-national geologic map dataset for display and analyses on an Arc Internet Map Service (IMS) dedicated to environmental health studies in the United States-Mexico border region. The IMS web site was designed by the US-Mexico Border Environmental Health Initiative project and collaborators, and the IMS and project web site address is http://borderhealth.cr.usgs.gov/. The objective of the project is to acquire, evaluate, analyze, and provide earth, biologic, and human health resources data within a GIS framework (IMS) to further our understanding of possible linkages between the physical environment and public health issues. The geologic map dataset is just one of many datasets included in the web site; other datasets include biologic, hydrologic, geographic, and human health themes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091015","usgsCitation":"Page, W.R., Berry, M.E., VanSistine, D., and Snyders, S.R., 2009, Preliminary geologic map of the Laredo, Crystal City–Eagle Pass, San Antonio, and Del Rio 1° x 2° quadrangles, Texas, and the Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Acuña, Piedras Negras, and Nueva Rosita 1° x 2° quadrangles, Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1015, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091015.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":230,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389014,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86347.htm"},{"id":195185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12308,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Laredo, Crystal City–Eagle Pass, San Antonio, and Del Rio 1° x 2° quadrangles, Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Acuña, Piedras Negras, and Nueva Rosita 1° x 2° quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,27 ], [ -102,30 ], [ -98,30 ], [ -98,27 ], [ -102,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4113-8212 meberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-8212","contributorId":1544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Margaret","email":"meberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanSistine, D. Paco 0000-0003-1166-2547","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2547","contributorId":61906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanSistine","given":"D. Paco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyders, Scott R.","contributorId":33792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyders","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97246,"text":"sir20085226 - 2009 - Simulation of Water Quality in the Tull Creek and West Neck Creek Watersheds, Currituck Sound Basin, North Carolina and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:11:44","indexId":"sir20085226","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5226","title":"Simulation of Water Quality in the Tull Creek and West Neck Creek Watersheds, Currituck Sound Basin, North Carolina and Virginia","docAbstract":"A study of the Currituck Sound was initiated in 2005 to evaluate the water chemistry of the Sound and assess the effectiveness of management strategies. As part of this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate current sediment and nutrient loadings for two distinct watersheds in the Currituck Sound basin and to determine the consequences of different water-quality management scenarios. The watersheds studied were (1) Tull Creek watershed, which has extensive row-crop cultivation and artificial drainage, and (2) West Neck Creek watershed, which drains urban areas in and around Virginia Beach, Virginia.\r\n\r\nThe model simulated monthly streamflows with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients of 0.83 and 0.76 for Tull Creek and West Neck Creek, respectively. The daily sediment concentration coefficient of determination was 0.19 for Tull Creek and 0.36 for West Neck Creek. The coefficient of determination for total nitrogen was 0.26 for both watersheds and for dissolved phosphorus was 0.4 for Tull Creek and 0.03 for West Neck Creek.\r\n\r\nThe model was used to estimate current (2006-2007) sediment and nutrient yields for the two watersheds. Total suspended-solids yield was 56 percent lower in the urban watershed than in the agricultural watershed. Total nitrogen export was 45 percent lower, and total phosphorus was 43 percent lower in the urban watershed than in the agricultural watershed. A management scenario with filter strips bordering the main channels was simulated for Tull Creek. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model estimated a total suspended-solids yield reduction of 54 percent and total nitrogen and total phosphorus reductions of 21 percent and 29 percent, respectively, for the Tull Creek watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085226","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A., 2009, Simulation of Water Quality in the Tull Creek and West Neck Creek Watersheds, Currituck Sound Basin, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5226, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085226.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5226.jpg"},{"id":12297,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Currituck Sound Basin, Tull Creek, West Neck Creek Watersheds","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,36 ], [ -76.5,37 ], [ -75.5,37 ], [ -75.5,36 ], [ -76.5,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Ana Maria 0000-0002-5388-1281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-1281","contributorId":44634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Ana Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97245,"text":"ofr20091006 - 2009 - National Streamflow Infomation Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20091006","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1006","title":"National Streamflow Infomation Program","docAbstract":"MISSION - Provide streamflow information and interpretation needed for local, state, regional, and national use.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091006","usgsCitation":"Norris, M.J., 2009, National Streamflow Infomation Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1006, Poster: 48 x 38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091006.","productDescription":"Poster: 48 x 38 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":444,"text":"National Streamflow Information Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12296,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/usgs/nsip/resources/nsip-poster-v2009.png"},{"id":197778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91249,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6987dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Michael J.","contributorId":99253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208037,"text":"70208037 - 2009 - A marine biogeochemical perspective on black shale deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-24T15:28:13","indexId":"70208037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-24T15:18:47","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A marine biogeochemical perspective on black shale deposition","docAbstract":"<p>Deposition of marine black shales has commonly been interpreted as having involved a high level of marine phytoplankton production that promoted high settling rates of organic matter through the water column and high burial fluxes on the seafloor or anoxic (sulfidic) water-column conditions that led to high levels of preservation of deposited organic matter, or a combination of the two processes. Here we review the hydrography and the budgets of trace metals and phytoplankton nutrients in two modern marine basins that have permanently anoxic bottom waters. This information is then used to hindcast the hydrography and biogeochemical conditions of deposition of a black shale of Late Jurassic age (the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, Yorkshire, England) from its trace metal and organic carbon content. Comparison of the modern and Jurassic sediment compositions reveals that the rate of photic zone primary productivity in the Kimmeridge Sea, based on the accumulation rate of the marine fraction of Ni, was as high as 840&nbsp;g organic carbon m<sup>−&nbsp;2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>yr<sup>−1</sup>. This high level was possibly tied to the maximum rise of sea level during the Late Jurassic that flooded this and other continents sufficiently to allow major open-ocean boundary currents to penetrate into epeiric seas. Sites of intense upwelling of nutrient-enriched seawater would have been transferred from the continental margins, their present location, onto the continents. This global flooding event was likely responsible for deposition of organic matter-enriched sediments in other marine basins of this age, several of which today host major petroleum source rocks.</p><p>Bottom-water redox conditions in the Kimmeridge Sea, deduced from the V:Mo ratio in the marine fraction of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, varied from oxic to anoxic, but were predominantly suboxic, or denitrifying. A high settling flux of organic matter, a result of the high primary productivity, supported a high rate of bacterial respiration that led to the depletion of O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the bottom water. A high rate of burial of labile organic matter, albeit a low percentage of primary productivity, in turn promoted anoxic conditions in the sediment pore waters that enhanced retention of trace metals deposited from the water column.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.03.001","usgsCitation":"Piper, D.Z., and Calvert, S., 2009, A marine biogeochemical perspective on black shale deposition: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 95, no. 1-2, p. 63-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.03.001.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"West Europe","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -7.91015625,\n              47.635783590864854\n            ],\n            [\n              6.85546875,\n              47.635783590864854\n            ],\n            [\n              6.85546875,\n              59.712097173322924\n            ],\n            [\n              -7.91015625,\n              59.712097173322924\n            ],\n            [\n              -7.91015625,\n              47.635783590864854\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, S.E.","contributorId":12196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208032,"text":"70208032 - 2009 - Stratigraphy and age of the Frontier Formation and associated rocks, central and southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming - surface to subsurface correlation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T06:30:13","indexId":"70208032","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-24T14:39:51","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and age of the Frontier Formation and associated rocks, central and southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming - surface to subsurface correlation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":" Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","issn":" 0027-254X","usgsCitation":"Kirschbaum, M.A., Merewether, E.A., and Condon, S.M., 2009, Stratigraphy and age of the Frontier Formation and associated rocks, central and southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming - surface to subsurface correlation: Mountain Geologist, v. 46, no. 4, p. 125-147.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Central and southern Bighorn Basin, 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 \"}}]}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschbaum, Mark A.","contributorId":25112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merewether, E. Allen merewether@usgs.gov","contributorId":3586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.","email":"merewether@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Condon, Steven M.","contributorId":95464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97240,"text":"ofr20051294E - 2009 - Geology and Nonfuel Mineral Deposits of Africa and the Middle East","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:48:58","indexId":"ofr20051294E","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1294","chapter":"E","title":"Geology and Nonfuel Mineral Deposits of Africa and the Middle East","docAbstract":"A nation's endowment of nonfuel mineral resources, relative to the world's endowment, is a fundamental consideration in decisions related to a nation's economic and environmental well being and security. Knowledge of the worldwide abundance, distribution, and general geologic setting of mineral commodities provides a framework within which a nation can make decisions about economic development of its own resources, and the economic and environmental consequences of those decisions, in a global perspective. The information in this report is part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) endeavor to evaluate the global endowment of both identified and undiscovered nonfuel mineral resources. The results will delineate areas of the world that are geologically permissive for the occurrence of undiscovered selected nonfuel mineral resources together with estimates of the quantity and quality of the resources. The results will be published as a series of regional reports; this one provides basic data on the identified resources and geologic setting, together with a brief appraisal of the potential for undiscovered mineral resources in Africa and the Middle East. Additional information, such as production statistics, economic factors that affect the mineral industries of the region, and historical information, is available in U.S. Geological Survey publications such as the Minerals Yearbook and the annual Mineral Commodity Summaries (available at http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews of the Geology and Nonfuel Mineral Deposits of the World","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051294E","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., Schulz, K.J., Doebrich, J.L., Orris, G., Denning, P., and Kirschbaum, M.J., 2009, Geology and Nonfuel Mineral Deposits of Africa and the Middle East (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1294, 247 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051294E.","productDescription":"247 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1294/e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -20,-35 ], [ -20,45 ], [ 25,45 ], [ 25,-35 ], [ -20,-35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doebrich, Jeff L. 0009-0009-3427-0985 jdoebric@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3427-0985","contributorId":288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doebrich","given":"Jeff","email":"jdoebric@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orris, Greta 0000-0002-2340-9955 greta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-9955","contributorId":22048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"Greta","email":"greta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Denning, Paul pdenning@usgs.gov","contributorId":168842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denning","given":"Paul","email":"pdenning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirschbaum, Michael J.","contributorId":63115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97236,"text":"cir1331 - 2009 - Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"cir1331","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1331","title":"Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective","docAbstract":"Many challenges, including climate change, face the Nation's water managers. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has provided estimates of how climate may change, but more understanding of the processes driving the changes, the sequences of the changes, and the manifestation of these global changes at different scales could be beneficial. Since the changes will likely affect fundamental drivers of the hydrological cycle, climate change may have a large impact on water resources and water resources managers.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to explore strategies to improve water management by tracking, anticipating, and responding to climate change. This report describes the existing and still needed underpinning science crucial to addressing the many impacts of climate change on water resources management.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1331","isbn":"9781411323254","usgsCitation":"Brekke, L., Kiang, J.E., Olsen, J., Pulwarty, R.S., Raff, D.A., Turnipseed, D.P., Webb, R.S., and White, K.D., 2009, Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1331, viii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1331.","productDescription":"viii, 66 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1331.jpg"},{"id":12287,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1331/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4887e4b07f02db519e70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brekke, Levi D.","contributorId":35847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"Levi D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, J. Rolf","contributorId":40311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"J. Rolf","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger S.","contributorId":30715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raff, David A.","contributorId":14536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raff","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webb, Robert S.","contributorId":72894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, Kathleen D.","contributorId":88451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":97226,"text":"sir20085049 - 2009 - Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T16:36:08","indexId":"sir20085049","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5049","title":"Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>A three-dimensional, finite-difference, numerical model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah. The model includes expanded areal boundaries as compared to a previous ground-water flow model of the valley and incorporates more than 20 years of additional hydrologic data. The model boundary was generally expanded to include the bedrock in the surrounding mountain block as far as the surface-water divide. New wells have been drilled in basin-fill deposits near the consolidated-rock boundary. Simulating the hydrologic conditions within the bedrock allows for improved simulation of the effect of withdrawal from these wells. The inclusion of bedrock also allowed for the use of a recharge model that provided an alternative method for spatially distributing areal recharge over the mountains.</p><p>The model was calibrated to steady- and transient-state conditions. The steady-state simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data that represented average conditions for 1947. The transient-state simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data collected from 1947 to 2004. Areally, the model grid is 79 rows by 70 columns, with variable cell size. Cells throughout most of the model domain represent 0.3 mile on each side. The largest cells are rectangular with dimensions of about 0.3 by 0.6 mile. The largest cells represent the mountain block on the eastern edge of the model domain where the least hydrologic data are available. Vertically, the aquifer system is divided into 4 layers which incorporate 11 hydrogeologic units. The model simulates recharge to the ground-water flow system as (1) infiltration of precipitation over the mountain block, (2) infiltration of precipitation over the valley floor, (3) infiltration of unconsumed irrigation water from fields, lawns, and gardens, (4) seepage from streams and canals, and (5) subsurface inflow from Cedar Valley. Discharge of ground water is simulated by the model to (1) flowing and pumping wells, (2) drains and springs, (3) evapotranspiration, (4) Utah Lake, (5) the Jordan River and mountain streams, and (6) Salt Lake Valley by subsurface outflow through the Jordan Narrows.</p><p>During steady-state calibration, variables were adjusted within probable ranges to minimize differences between model-computed and measured water levels as well as between model-computed and independently estimated flows that include: recharge by seepage from individual streams and canals, discharge by seepage to individual streams and the Jordan River, discharge to Utah Lake, discharge to drains and springs, discharge by evapotranspiration, and subsurface flows into and out of northern Utah Valley from Cedar Valley and to Salt Lake Valley, respectively. The transient-state simulation was calibrated to measured water levels and water-level changes with consideration given to annual changes in the flows listed above.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Utah Water Conservancy District; Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District representing Draper City; Highland Water Company; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and the municipalities of Alpine, American Fork, Cedar Hills, Eagle Mountain, Highland, Lehi, Lindon, Orem, Pleasant Grove, Provo, Saratoga Springs, and Vinyard","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., 2009, Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah (Version 2.0 January 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5049, viii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085049.","productDescription":"viii, 95 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5049.jpg"},{"id":12276,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Utah County","otherGeospatial":"Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 2.0 January 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97234,"text":"ofr20091005 - 2009 - The Iron Hill (Powderhorn) carbonatite complex, Gunnison County, Colorado — A potential source of several uncommon mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T19:03:23.292431","indexId":"ofr20091005","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1005","title":"The Iron Hill (Powderhorn) carbonatite complex, Gunnison County, Colorado — A potential source of several uncommon mineral resources","docAbstract":"A similar version of this slide show was presented on three occasions during 2008: two times to local chapters of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME), as part of SME's Henry Krumb lecture series, and the third time at the Northwest Mining Association's 114th Annual Meeting, held December 1-5, 2008, in Sparks (Reno), Nevada.\r\n\r\nIn 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a study of the diverse and uncommon mineral resources associated with carbonatites and associated alkaline igneous rocks. Most of these deposit types have not been studied by the USGS during the last 25 years, and many of these mineral resources have important applications in modern technology.\r\n\r\nThe author chose to begin this study at Iron Hill in southwestern Colorado because it is the site of a classic carbonatite complex, which is thought to host the largest known resources of titanium and niobium in the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091005","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., 2009, The Iron Hill (Powderhorn) carbonatite complex, Gunnison County, Colorado — A potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1005, Report: 31 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091005.","productDescription":"Report: 31 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402545,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86298.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12284,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.9792,\n              38.1833\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.1278,\n              38.1833\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.1278,\n              38.3083\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9792,\n              38.3083\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9792,\n              38.1833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c2bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97228,"text":"sir20085197 - 2009 - Hydrology of Northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah, 1975-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T11:58:42","indexId":"sir20085197","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5197","title":"Hydrology of Northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah, 1975-2005","docAbstract":"The ground-water resources of northern Utah Valley, Utah, were assessed during 2003-05 to describe and quantify components of the hydrologic system, determine a hydrologic budget for the basin-fill aquifer, and evaluate changes to the system relative to previous studies. Northern Utah Valley is a horst and graben structure with ground water occurring in both the mountain-block uplands surrounding the valley and in the unconsolidated basin-fill sediments. The principal aquifer in northern Utah Valley occurs in the unconsolidated basin-fill deposits where a deeper unconfined aquifer occurs near the mountain front and laterally grades into multiple confined aquifers near the center of the valley.\r\n\r\nSources of water to the basin-fill aquifers occur predominantly as either infiltration of streamflow at or near the interface of the mountain front and valley or as subsurface inflow from the adjacent mountain blocks. Sources of water to the basin-fill aquifers were estimated to average 153,000 (+/- 31,500) acre-feet annually during 1975-2004 with subsurface inflow and infiltration of streamflow being the predominant sources. Discharge from the basin-fill aquifers occurs in the valley lowlands as flow to waterways, drains, ditches, springs, as diffuse seepage, and as discharge from flowing and pumping wells. Ground-water discharge from the basin-fill aquifers during 1975-2004 was estimated to average 166,700 (+/- 25,900) acre-feet/year where discharge to wells for consumptive use and discharge to waterways, drains, ditches, and springs were the principal sources.\r\n\r\nMeasured water levels in wells in northern Utah Valley declined an average of 22 feet from 1981 to 2004. Water-level declines are consistent with a severe regional drought beginning in 1999 and continuing through 2004. Water samples were collected from 36 wells and springs throughout the study area along expected flowpaths. Water samples collected from 34 wells were analyzed for dissolved major ions, nutrients, and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Water samples from all 36 wells were analyzed for dissolved-gas concentration including noble gases and tritium/helium-3. Within the basin fill, dissolved-solids concentration generally increases with distance along flowpaths from recharge areas, and shallower flowpaths tend to have higher concentrations than deeper flowpaths. Nitrate concentrations generally are at or below natural background levels. Dissolved-gas recharge temperature data support the conceptual model of the basin-fill aquifers and highlight complexities of recharge patterns in different parts of the valley. Dissolved-gas data indicate that the highest elevation recharge sources for the basin-fill aquifer are subsurface inflow derived from recharge in the adjacent mountain block between the mouths of American Fork and Provo Canyons. Apparent ground-water ages in the basin-fill aquifer, as calculated using tritium/helium-3 data, range from 2 to more than 50 years. The youngest waters in the valley occur near the mountain fronts with apparent ages generally increasing near the valley lowlands and discharge area around Utah Lake.\r\n\r\nFlowpaths are controlled by aquifer properties and the location of the predominant recharge sources, including subsurface inflow and recharge along the mountain front. Subsurface inflow is distributed over a larger area across the interface of the subsurface mountain block and basin-fill deposits. Subsurface inflow occurs at a depth deeper than that at which mountain-front recharge occurs. Recharge along the mountain front is often localized and focused over areas where streams and creeks enter the valley, and recharge is enhanced by the associated irrigation canals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Utah Water Conservancy District; Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District representing Draper City; Highland Water Company; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and the municipalities of Alpine, American Fork, Cedar Hills, Eagle Mountain, Highland, Lehi, Lindon, Orem, Pleasant Grove, Provo, Saratoga Springs, and Vineyard","usgsCitation":"Cederberg, J.R., Gardner, P.M., and Thiros, S.A., 2009, Hydrology of Northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah, 1975-2005 (Version 2.0, Revised Feb 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5197, x, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085197.","productDescription":"x, 114 p.","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12278,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Utah County","otherGeospatial":"Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 2.0, Revised Feb 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a36b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederberg, Jay R. 0000-0001-6649-7353 cederber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-7353","contributorId":964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederberg","given":"Jay","email":"cederber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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