{"pageNumber":"2035","pageRowStart":"50850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70230299,"text":"70230299 - 2009 - Estimating cause-specific mortality rates using recovered carcasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:53:20.787655","indexId":"70230299","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:46:59","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating cause-specific mortality rates using recovered carcasses","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stranding networks, in which carcasses are recovered and sent to diagnostic laboratories for necropsy and determination of cause of death, have been developed to monitor the health of marine mammal and bird populations. These programs typically accumulate comprehensive, long-term datasets on causes of death that can be used to identify important sources of mortality or changes in mortality patterns that lead to management actions. However, the utility of these data in determining cause-specific mortality rates has not been explored. We present a maximum likelihood-based approach that partitions total mortality rate, estimated by independent sources, into cause-specific mortality rates. We also demonstrate how variance estimates are derived for these rates. We present examples of the method using mortality data for California sea otters (</span><i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i><span>) and Florida manatees (</span><i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.122","usgsCitation":"Joly, D.O., Heisey, D.M., Samuel, M.D., Ribic, C., Thomas, N., Wright, S.D., and Wright, I.E., 2009, Estimating cause-specific mortality rates using recovered carcasses: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 45, no. 1, p. 122-127, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.122.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.122","text":"Publisher Index 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msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thomas, Nancy","contributorId":203764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, Scott D.","contributorId":45006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, Irene E.","contributorId":289851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Irene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70148149,"text":"70148149 - 2009 - Use of a fishery-independent trawl survey to evaluate distribution patterns of subadult sharks in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T10:44:14","indexId":"70148149","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a fishery-independent trawl survey to evaluate distribution patterns of subadult sharks in Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated the utility of a fishery-independent trawl survey for assessing a potential multispecies shark nursery in Georgia's nearshore and inshore waters. A total of 234 subadult sharks from six species were captured during 85 of 216 trawls. Catch rates and size distributions for subadult sharks and the ratio of neonates to juveniles were consistent among areas. The highest concentrations of subadult sharks occurred in creeks and sounds. Species composition varied among areas. The Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae was the most abundant species in sound and nearshore stations, whereas the bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo was the most abundant species in creeks. The aggregate of other species occurred with higher frequency in the sounds and nearshore. Sampling characteristics of the trawl survey were compared with those from a fishery-independent longline survey of subadult sharks to assess the similarity of the two gears. A total of 193 subadult sharks from seven species were captured during 57 of 96 longline sets, whereas 52 subadults from four species were captured during 20 of 48 trawls. Selectivity and efficiency differed between the two gears. The trawl had lower catch rates, caught smaller sharks, and encountered a different suite of species than the longline. General seasonal trends in relative abundance also differed between the two gears; the longline showed an increasing trend in abundance, whereas the trawl showed a stable trend. Although trawls were not found to be efficient for sampling subadult sharks from most species, they can be a useful source of supplemental data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1577/C08-019.1","usgsCitation":"Belcher, C., and Jennings, C.A., 2009, Use of a fishery-independent trawl survey to evaluate distribution patterns of subadult sharks in Georgia: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 1, no. 1, p. 218-229, https://doi.org/10.1577/C08-019.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"218","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008043","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/c08-019.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55605342e4b0afeb70724184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belcher, C.N.","contributorId":56869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148116,"text":"70148116 - 2009 - Site characteristics and prey abundance at foraging sites used by Lesser Scaup (<i>Aythya affinis</i>) wintering in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:34:27","indexId":"70148116","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site characteristics and prey abundance at foraging sites used by Lesser Scaup (<i>Aythya affinis</i>) wintering in Florida","docAbstract":"<p>We examined site characteristics and prey abundances where wintering <i>Aythya affinis</i> (Lesser Scaup; hereafter scaup) foraged within three regions of the Indian River Lagoon system in central Florida. We observed that scaup concentrated in the Indian and Banana rivers; however, density of prey items did not differ between foraging sites and random sites. We also found that site characteristics were similar between foraging and random sites. Differences in site characteristics between random points across all three regions did not explain the distribution of Foraging scaup (no scaup foraged in the Mosquito Lagoon); however, prey densities were approximately 3 times lower in the Mosquito Lagoon region. Our study suggests that current habitat conditions within the northern Indian River Lagoon system meet the overwintering requirements of scaup; however, prey densities in the Mosquito Lagoon may have been too low to be profitable for foraging scaup during the period of our study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Humboldt Field Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Steuben, ME","doi":"10.1656/058.008.0215","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., and Collazo, J., 2009, Site characteristics and prey abundance at foraging sites used by Lesser Scaup (<i>Aythya affinis</i>) wintering in Florida: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 8, no. 2, p. 363-374, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.008.0215.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008959","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570253ee4b0d9246a9fd1af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70234121,"text":"70234121 - 2009 - Earthquake Spectra at 25","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T16:44:22.366302","indexId":"70234121","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:38:19","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Earthquake Spectra</i> at 25","title":"Earthquake Spectra at 25","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1193/1.3148887","usgsCitation":"Thiel, C.C., Beavers, J.E., Moehle, J.P., Borcherdt, R.D., Naeim, F., and Gulkan, P., 2009, Earthquake Spectra at 25: Earthquake Spectra, v. 25, no. 3, p. 491-495, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3148887.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"495","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiel, Charles C. Jr.","contributorId":294372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiel","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beavers, James E.","contributorId":294373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beavers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moehle, Jack P.","contributorId":20233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moehle","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naeim, Farzad","contributorId":77017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeim","given":"Farzad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gulkan, Polat","contributorId":78532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulkan","given":"Polat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70169288,"text":"70169288 - 2009 - Adaptive management of watersheds and related resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T10:35:44","indexId":"70169288","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Adaptive management of watersheds and related resources","docAbstract":"<p>The concept of learning about natural resources through the practice of management has been around for several decades and by now is associated with the term adaptive management. The objectives of this paper are to offer a framework for adaptive management that includes an operational definition, a description of conditions in which it can be usefully applied, and a systematic approach to its application. Adaptive decisionmaking is described as iterative, learning-based management in two phases, each with its own mechanisms for feedback and adaptation. The linkages between traditional experimental science and adaptive management are discussed.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future--Monitoring, integration, and adaptation: Proceedings of the Third Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds","conferenceDate":"9/08/2007","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Williams, B., 2009, Adaptive management of watersheds and related resources, Planning for an uncertain future--Monitoring, integration, and adaptation: Proceedings of the Third Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds, Estes Park, CO, 9/08/2007, p. 27-33.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011068","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/WilliamsManuscript.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6439e4b07e28b6683488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Byron K.","contributorId":139564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron K.","affiliations":[{"id":12801,"text":"The Wildlife Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70101119,"text":"70101119 - 2009 - Three cups of tea: building collaborations to assess earthquake hazard in Pakistan: modern methods in seismic hazard assessment; Nagarkot, Nepal, 8-12 June 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-06T11:23:47","indexId":"70101119","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:16:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three cups of tea: building collaborations to assess earthquake hazard in Pakistan: modern methods in seismic hazard assessment; Nagarkot, Nepal, 8-12 June 2009","docAbstract":"No abstract available","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2009EO480005","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., and Yong, A.K., 2009, Three cups of tea: building collaborations to assess earthquake hazard in Pakistan: modern methods in seismic hazard assessment; Nagarkot, Nepal, 8-12 June 2009: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 90, no. 48, p. 457-457, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009EO480005.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"457","ipdsId":"IP-015738","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009eo480005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286927,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009EO480005"}],"volume":"90","issue":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536a046ae4b063fb73c0aa33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yong, Alan K. 0000-0003-1807-5847 yong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":1554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","email":"yong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70230295,"text":"70230295 - 2009 - Postmortem evaluation of reintroduced migratory Whooping Cranes in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:30:22.919923","indexId":"70230295","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:05:30","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postmortem evaluation of reintroduced migratory Whooping Cranes in eastern North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reintroduction of endangered Whooping Cranes (</span><i>Grus americana</i><span>) in eastern North America has successfully established a migratory population between Wisconsin and Florida. Eighty birds (47 males, 33 females) were released between 2001 and 2006, and all birds were tracked following release with satellite and/or VHF monitoring devices. By the end of 2006, 17 deaths (12 males, five females) were recorded from this population. Postmortem findings and field data were evaluated for each bird to determine the cause of death. Causes included predation (</span><i>n</i><span>=8, 47%), trauma (</span><i>n</i><span>=2, 12%), and degenerative disease (</span><i>n</i><span>=1, 6%); the cause of death was undetermined for 35% (</span><i>n</i><span>=6) of the birds. Based on physical evidence, the primary predator of the birds was the bobcat (</span><i>Lynx rufus</i><span>). Limited roosting habitat availability or bird behavior were likely prime factors in the occurrence of predation. Traumatic injuries and mortality were caused by gunshot, electrical utility lines, and an unknown source. The lone case of degenerative disease was due to chronic exertional myopathy associated with translocation. Available postmortem testing did not indicate the presence of infectious disease in this limited sample.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.29","usgsCitation":"Cole, G.A., Thomas, N., Spaulding, M., Stroud, R., Urbanek, R.P., and Hartup, B.K., 2009, Postmortem evaluation of reintroduced migratory Whooping Cranes in eastern North America: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 45, no. 1, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.29.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-008090","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476114,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.29","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Indiana, Michigan, South Carolina, 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 \"}}]}","volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Gretchen A.","contributorId":289847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Nancy","contributorId":203506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spaulding, Marilyn","contributorId":289848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Marilyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stroud, Richard","contributorId":289849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stroud","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Urbanek, Richard P.","contributorId":38400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanek","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hartup, Barry K.","contributorId":112921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartup","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70200675,"text":"70200675 - 2009 - Earth's magnetic field complex: U.S. National activities during the Decade of Geopotential Field Research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:04:15","indexId":"70200675","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T11:04:07","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Earth's magnetic field complex: U.S. National activities during the Decade of Geopotential Field Research","docAbstract":"<p>The US geomagnetism community is supported by NASA, NOAA, USGS, NSF, DOD, and US universities. During the Decade of Geopotential Field Research, inaugurated in 1999 with the launch of the Danish satellite Ørsted on a US rocket, the US community has been involved in satellite mission development and analysis, instrument development, model development, and in the discovery and understanding of new processes with satellite magnetic signatures. </p><p>The ESA Swarm mission has been a primary focus of the US community, with three US scientists on Swarm's Mission Advisory Group. Swarm will measure, for the first time, the E-W gradient of the magnetic field. One of us (T. Sabaka) is involved with the development of a Comprehensive inversion scheme as part of the SMART consortium. This effort is an outgrowth of the Comprehensive Model [1]. Swarm will also provide valuable observations for ionospheric specification and forecast. The geomagnetism group at NOAA (S. Maus, P. Alken and C. Manoj) has developed algorithms to estimate the strength of the eastward electric field (EEF). As the driver of the equatorial plasma fountain, the EEF is an important space weather parameter. ESA is considering the implementation of the EEF as a dedicated inversion chain in the Level-2 Facility. </p><p>In 2006, NASA launched a minisatellite magnetometer constellation mission (ST-5) to test technologies and software. The ST-5 constellation featured the first along-track gradient measurements. NASA has also initiated efforts to study geomagnetism mission concepts after Swarm. One of the ideas under consideration is the systematic measurement of radial field gradients. </p><p>Instrument development, and geomagnetic observatories, are also an integral part of the US effort. The past decade has seen significant advances in the development of a self-calibrating vector helium magnetometer, and in the automation of the US observatory network. Working in coordination with Intermagnet, the USGS Geomagnetism Program has made operational 1-second data acquisition at 13 of its magnetic observatories. The Program is also developing a realtime 1-minute and 1-hour Dst service. </p><p>Within the past decade, US scientists have been leaders in the development of models that describe the global geomagnetic environment, including comprehensive models (the CM series), maps of the lithospheric field from satellite (MF-series), near surface maps of the lithospheric field (WDMAM-series), models of the thickness of the magnetic crust, the IGRF and World Magnetic Model series, ionospheric models such as the EEJM1, JVDM1, and the IRI, and data assimilation-based models (MoSST-series) that predict the future state of the geomagneic field.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ESA 2nd Swarm Int. Sci. Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"usgsCitation":"Purucker, M.E., Sabaka, T., Kuang, W., Maus, S., and Love, J.J., 2009, Earth's magnetic field complex: U.S. National activities during the Decade of Geopotential Field Research, <i>in</i> ESA 2nd Swarm Int. Sci. Meeting, v. 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://core2.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/purucker/purucker_esaconfproc_wfigs.pdf"}],"volume":"8 p.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd71e4b034bf6a7f8b55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purucker, Michael E.","contributorId":210176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Purucker","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sabaka, T.","contributorId":12586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabaka","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuang, W.","contributorId":210177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuang","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maus, S.","contributorId":104315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maus","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70258506,"text":"70258506 - 2009 - A selection and archiving strategy for science records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-17T16:05:33.772889","indexId":"70258506","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:56:46","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A selection and archiving strategy for science records","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center archives electronic science collections that total over two petabytes in size and over 100,000 rolls of aerial and satellite film. Limited resources, the evolution of missions, and recommendations from advisory committees have led to the development of a scientific records appraisal process as a means for determining long-term archiving priorities. The process was formed through extensive literature searches describing approaches used to appraise administrative, physical artifacts, and science records. Less information was available that specifically addressed science records; therefore, relevant portions from each records appraisal process was assembled. In addition, involvement with the appropriate stakeholders was deemed critical and led to the active participation of scientists, records managers, and senior managers in the process. As part of the documentation portion of the process, an extensive online tool was developed to capture information describing each collection and detail preservation or access challenges that may be part of a collection. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration recommends the tool as a best practice for U.S. federal agencies. To date, over 30 science collections have been appraised. This paper will detail the process used to appraise science collections for long-term archiving, the composition and rationale for the tool elements, and the results the USGS has attained.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Archiving 2009","conferenceDate":"May 4-7, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Crystal City, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Imaging Science and Technology","doi":"10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2009.6.1.art00006","usgsCitation":"Faundeen, J., 2009, A selection and archiving strategy for science records, Archiving 2009, v. 6, Crystal City, VA, May 4-7, 2009, p. 21-24, https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2009.6.1.art00006.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2009.6.1.art00006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":434853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faundeen, John 0000-0003-0287-2921 faundeen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-2921","contributorId":3097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faundeen","given":"John","email":"faundeen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70230294,"text":"70230294 - 2009 - Approaches to modeling weathered regolith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:25:16.225578","indexId":"70230294","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:43:06","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to modeling weathered regolith","docAbstract":"<div id=\"13098770\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Sustainable soils are a requirement for maintaining human civilizations (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"CARTER-AND-DALE-1974\">Carter and Dale 1974</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"LAL-1989\">Lal 1989</a>). However, as the “most complicated biomaterial on the planet” (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"YOUNG-AND-CRAWFORD-2004\">Young and Crawford 2004</a>), soils represent one of the most difficult systems to understand and model with respect to chemical, physical, and biological coupling over time (Fig. 1<sup class=\"sup-zero\"></sup>).</p></div><div id=\"13098772\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Despite the complexity of these interactions, certain patterns in soil properties and development are universally observed and have been used in soil science as a means for classification. Elemental, mineralogical, or isotopic concentrations in soils plotted versus depth beneath the land surface comprise such patterns. Soil depth profiles are often reported for solid soil materials, and, less frequently, for solutes in soil pore waters. These profiles cross a large range in spatial scales that traditionally have been studied by different disciplines. For example, shallow, biologically active horizons are commonly defined as the soil zone in agronomic studies whereas the mobile layer of the regolith is referred to as soil in geomorphological studies. In contrast, many geochemical studies target chemical weathering to tens or even hundreds of meters in depth, sometimes extending the definition of “soils” to include the entire regolith down to parent bedrock or alluvium.</p></div><div id=\"13098773\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Soil profiles also exhibit a large range in temporal scales (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"AMUNDSON-2004\">Amundson 2004</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"BRANTLEY-2008B\">Brantley 2008b</a>). Solid-state profiles document chemical and mineralogical changes integrated over the time scales of evolution of regolith from protolith. This “geologic time” can vary from tens to hundreds of years for weathered material developed on moraines deposited by active glaciers (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"ANDERSON-ETAL-1997\">Anderson et al. 1997</a>), to millions or possibly hundreds of millions of years of regolith evolution as documented in laterites and bauxites on stable cratons (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"NAHON-1986\">Nahon 1986</a>). In contrast, solute profiles reflect much shorter time scales corresponding to the residence time of the soil water which commonly ranges from days to decades (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"STONESTROM-ETAL-1998\">Stonestrom et al. 1998</a>). Factors impacting soil minerals can therefore be related to geologically old processes while those impacting pore waters are related to contemporary processes.</p></div><div id=\"13098774\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>We first discuss a geochemical frame work for modeling soil profiles, including a simple scheme that depends on the extent of enrichment or depletion. Such profiles are comprised of reaction fronts affected by chemical, hydrologic, geologic and biologic processes that control soil evolution. We then present a hierarchy of models that have been used to interpret both solid state and solute compositions in regolith. The more simple approaches to model depletion in soils, using analytical models, are first described. The most elementary of these is a linear model that calculates rate constants from the slopes of either solid or solute weathering gradients: these rate constants represent lumped parameters that describe weathering in terms of an integrated reaction rate. Two other analytical models are then presented that have been used to fit solid state elemental profiles with exponential and sigmoidal functions. All of these analytical approaches are derived for models of soils as containing a limited number of components, phases, and species.</p></div><div id=\"13098775\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>At a more complex level, numerical models are then presented to elucidate how kinetic and transport parameters as well as chemical, hydrologic, and physical soil data can be incorporated. We consider two forms of these models, first relatively simple spreadsheet calculators and then more sophisticated multi-component, multi-phase reactive-transport numerical codes. Our treatment of reactive transport modeling is relatively cursory, in recognition of the treatment in the chapter by<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"STEEFEL-AND-MAHER-2009\">Steefel and Maher (2009</a>, this volume). Because these models incorporate more phases, components, and species than the other approaches and explicitly model the more fundamental reaction mechanisms involved, they generally have a greater need for parameterization. In our conclusion section, we discuss how this hierarchy of approaches can yield generalizations about soils that are often complementary.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2009.70.10","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S.L., and White, A.F., 2009, Approaches to modeling weathered regolith: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 70, no. 1, p. 435-484, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2009.70.10.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L. 0000-0003-4320-2342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-2342","contributorId":184201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003835,"text":"70003835 - 2009 - Maintaining population persistence in the face of an extremely altered hydrograph: implications for three sensitive fishes in a tributary of the Green River, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-29T11:29:39","indexId":"70003835","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:43:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Maintaining population persistence in the face of an extremely altered hydrograph: implications for three sensitive fishes in a tributary of the Green River, Utah","docAbstract":"The ability of an organism to disperse to suitable habitats, especially in modified and fragmented systems, determines individual fitness and overall population viability. The bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), and roundtail chub (Gila robusta) are three species native to the upper Colorado River Basin that now occupy only 50% of their historic range. Despite these distributional declines, populations of all three species are present in the San Rafael River, a highly regulated tributary of the Green River, Utah, providing an opportunity for research. Our goal was to determine the timing and extent of movement, habitat preferences, and limiting factors, ultimately to guide effective management and recovery of these three species. In 2007-2008, we sampled fish from 25 systematically selected, 300-m reaches in the lower 64 km of the San Rafael River, spaced to capture the range of species, life-stages, and habitat conditions present. We implanted all target species with a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag, installed a passive PIT tag antennae, and measured key habitat parameters throughout each reach and at the site of native fish capture. We used random forest modeling to identify and rank the most important abiotic and biotic predictor variables, and reveal potential limiting factors in the San Rafael River. While flannelmouth sucker were relatively evenly distributed within our study area, highest densities of roundtail chub and bluehead sucker occurred in isolated, upstream reaches characterized by complex habitat. In addition, our movement and length-frequency data indicate downstream drift of age-0 roundtail chub, and active upstream movement of adult flannelmouth sucker, both from source populations, providing the lower San Rafael River with colonists. Our random forest analysis highlights the importance of pools, riffles, and distance-to-source populations, suggesting that bluehead sucker and roundtail chub are habitat limited in the lower San Rafael River. These results suggest management efforts should focus on diversifying habitat, maintaining in-stream flow, and removing barriers to movement.","language":"English","publisher":"Utah State University","collaboration":"Submitted for a Master of Science in Watershed Science","usgsCitation":"Bottcher, J.L., 2009, Maintaining population persistence in the face of an extremely altered hydrograph: implications for three sensitive fishes in a tributary of the Green River, Utah, xi, 61 p.","productDescription":"xi, 61 p.","ipdsId":"IP-026595","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275205,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/496/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.8982,39.0821 ], [ -110.8982,39.1420 ], [ -110.6966,39.1420 ], [ -110.6966,39.0821 ], [ -110.8982,39.0821 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee5465e4b00ffbed48f8aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bottcher, Jared L.","contributorId":77871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bottcher","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199105,"text":"70199105 - 2009 - Radionuclides as tracers and timers in surface and groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T10:42:19","indexId":"70199105","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:41:15","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Radionuclides as tracers and timers in surface and groundwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>Environmental radionuclides—in combination with&nbsp;stable isotopes,&nbsp;geochemistry, and other hydrological techniques—provide a powerful tool, often indispensable, for studying the cycling of water in continental hydrological systems. The use of environmental&nbsp;radionuclides&nbsp;in surface water studies is reviewed in the chapter. The chapter also briefly discusses groundwater and geothermal water taking into consideration the fact that most applications in groundwater and geothermal water studies require the combined use of radioactive and stable isotopes. There are several sources of radionuclides in the environment, and the sources control the ways in which isotopes can be applied to hydrologic systems. Another group of radionuclides that can be utilized are those produced by&nbsp;cosmic-ray&nbsp;spallationin the atmosphere or near-surface lithosphere. Many of these&nbsp;nuclides, such as&nbsp;carbon-14&nbsp;(</span><sup>14</sup><span>C) and&nbsp;tritium&nbsp;(</span><sup>3</sup><span>H), are also produced by&nbsp;nuclear weapons testing, and it is necessary to separate the two source functions when using them.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Radioactivity in the environment","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1569-4860(09)01605-2","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., 2009, Radionuclides as tracers and timers in surface and groundwater, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Radioactivity in the environment, v. 16, p. 139-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-4860(09)01605-2.","productDescription":"92 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ba2ee4b0702d0e845332","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200002,"text":"70200002 - 2009 - Experimental geostatistical model of a continuous gas accumulation, Rocky Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:38:15","indexId":"70200002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:39:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Experimental geostatistical model of a continuous gas accumulation, Rocky Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2009 conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Association for Mathematical Geosciences Conference","conferenceDate":"August 23-27, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Olea, R.A., 2009, Experimental geostatistical model of a continuous gas accumulation, Rocky Mountains, Utah, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2009 conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences, Stanford, CA, August 23-27, 2009.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"47\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Utah\",\"nation\":\"USA  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Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":208109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70250433,"text":"70250433 - 2009 - Changes in macrolichens of Douglas County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T16:49:34.738723","indexId":"70250433","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:33:07","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17106,"text":"Opuscula Philolichenum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in macrolichens of Douglas County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Macrolichens collected in Douglas County, Wisconsin in the 1940s, 1970s and 2009 are compared in order to determine floristic changes. Species sensitive to disturbance, land use change, and possibly climate that have changed over these time spans are identified and suggested for further monitoring. The total lichen flora of Douglas County is compared with Harris’ 1977 publication of the lichens of the Straits of Mackinac.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The New York Botanical Garden","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., and Wetmore, C.M., 2009, Changes in macrolichens of Douglas County, Wisconsin: Opuscula Philolichenum, v. 7, p. 65-70.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Untied States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Douglas County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.1,46.7514],[-92.0959,46.7433],[-92.0577,46.7155],[-92.0304,46.6963],[-92.01,46.6806],[-92.0086,46.6797],[-92.0067,46.6802],[-92.0001,46.6817],[-91.9988,46.6818],[-91.9974,46.6813],[-91.994,46.6791],[-91.9927,46.6791],[-91.9921,46.6791],[-91.9894,46.6796],[-91.9875,46.681],[-91.9868,46.681],[-91.9828,46.6802],[-91.9815,46.6807],[-91.9809,46.6816],[-91.9856,46.6843],[-91.9978,46.6905],[-92.0039,46.6936],[-92.0113,46.6976],[-92.0153,46.6993],[-92.02,46.7006],[-92.0201,46.702],[-92.0181,46.7034],[-92.0148,46.7035],[-92.0095,46.7017],[-91.9953,46.6942],[-91.967,46.6805],[-91.9556,46.677],[-91.9457,46.6772],[-91.9358,46.6783],[-91.9181,46.6827],[-91.8931,46.6873],[-91.8819,46.6889],[-91.8687,46.6891],[-91.868,46.6891],[-91.8673,46.6882],[-91.8684,46.6827],[-91.8678,46.6823],[-91.8664,46.6823],[-91.8651,46.6828],[-91.8614,46.6892],[-91.8601,46.6897],[-91.8575,46.6902],[-91.8528,46.6894],[-91.8488,46.689],[-91.8336,46.6888],[-91.8296,46.6889],[-91.8098,46.6901],[-91.7966,46.6922],[-91.7901,46.6941],[-91.7848,46.696],[-91.7744,46.6999],[-91.7665,46.7023],[-91.7633,46.7037],[-91.7488,46.7081],[-91.7416,46.7101],[-91.7377,46.712],[-91.7292,46.7139],[-91.716,46.7169],[-91.695,46.7214],[-91.6864,46.7233],[-91.6706,46.7263],[-91.6529,46.7317],[-91.6444,46.7336],[-91.6287,46.7412],[-91.6175,46.7432],[-91.6137,46.7465],[-91.6025,46.7499],[-91.59,46.7519],[-91.5815,46.7543],[-91.5782,46.7548],[-91.5735,46.754],[-91.5642,46.7532],[-91.5516,46.7529],[-91.5559,46.6776],[-91.5565,46.591],[-91.5578,46.5047],[-91.5551,46.5048],[-91.5551,46.4177],[-91.5544,46.3311],[-91.551,46.2441],[-91.5516,46.157],[-91.6744,46.1574],[-91.7985,46.1577],[-91.9239,46.1573],[-92.0499,46.1573],[-92.115,46.1579],[-92.1754,46.1586],[-92.2894,46.159],[-92.2893,46.2192],[-92.2889,46.2632],[-92.289,46.3442],[-92.2892,46.4176],[-92.2893,46.4694],[-92.2892,46.5183],[-92.289,46.5936],[-92.2884,46.6633],[-92.2883,46.6679],[-92.2857,46.667],[-92.284,46.6643],[-92.2812,46.6607],[-92.2784,46.6576],[-92.2761,46.6553],[-92.2756,46.6551],[-92.2714,46.6535],[-92.2681,46.6535],[-92.2647,46.6544],[-92.2601,46.6548],[-92.2561,46.6548],[-92.2557,46.6546],[-92.2529,46.6534],[-92.2489,46.6515],[-92.2443,46.6514],[-92.2383,46.6514],[-92.2317,46.6518],[-92.2231,46.6512],[-92.2165,46.6507],[-92.2124,46.6507],[-92.208,46.6521],[-92.2048,46.6549],[-92.2039,46.6587],[-92.2052,46.6627],[-92.205,46.6662],[-92.2029,46.6689],[-92.1996,46.6712],[-92.1929,46.6757],[-92.1869,46.6793],[-92.1835,46.6811],[-92.1802,46.6838],[-92.1794,46.6845],[-92.1781,46.6875],[-92.178,46.6907],[-92.1794,46.6925],[-92.1798,46.6928],[-92.1833,46.6944],[-92.1867,46.6952],[-92.192,46.6959],[-92.1925,46.6959],[-92.1984,46.696],[-92.2027,46.6985],[-92.2036,46.702],[-92.2029,46.7047],[-92.1985,46.7092],[-92.1974,46.71],[-92.1928,46.7138],[-92.1861,46.7169],[-92.1834,46.7181],[-92.1801,46.7192],[-92.1741,46.72],[-92.1684,46.7194],[-92.1622,46.7186],[-92.1583,46.7176],[-92.155,46.7162],[-92.1545,46.7164],[-92.1501,46.7173],[-92.1477,46.7198],[-92.1456,46.7239],[-92.1445,46.7261],[-92.1443,46.729],[-92.1427,46.7335],[-92.1403,46.738],[-92.1398,46.7383],[-92.1325,46.7427],[-92.1206,46.7478],[-92.1107,46.7508],[-92.1008,46.7513],[-92.1,46.7514]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Douglas\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":889909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetmore, C. M.","contributorId":65036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":889910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200362,"text":"70200362 - 2009 - Investigation of river eutrophication as part of a low dissolved oxygen total maximum daily load implementation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T10:36:47","indexId":"70200362","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:32:05","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of river eutrophication as part of a low dissolved oxygen total maximum daily load implementation","docAbstract":"<p>In the United States, environmentally impaired rivers are subject to regulation under total maximum daily load (TMDL) regulations that specify watershed wide water quality standards. In California, the setting of TMDL standards is accompanied by the development of scientific and management plans directed at achieving specific water quality objectives. The San Joaquin River (SJR) in the Central Valley of California now has a TMDL for dissolved oxygen (DO). Low DO conditions in the SJR are caused in part by excessive phytoplankton growth (eutrophication) in the shallow, upstream portion of the river that create oxygen demand in the deeper estuary. This paper reports on scientific studies that were conducted to develop a mass balance on nutrients and phytoplankton in the SJR. A mass balance model was developed using WARMF, a model specifically designed for use in TMDL management applications. It was demonstrated that phytoplankton biomass accumulates rapidly in a 88 km reach where plankton from small, slow moving tributaries are diluted and combined with fresh nutrient inputs in faster moving water. The SJR-WARMF model was demonstrated to accurately predict phytoplankton growth in the SJR. Model results suggest that modest reductions in nutrients alone will not limit algal biomass accumulation, but that combined strategies of nutrient reduction and algal control in tributaries may have benefit. The SJR-WARMF model provides stakeholders a practical, scientific tool for setting remediation priorities on a watershed scale.</p><div class=\"article-metadata-panel clearfix\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"IWA","doi":"10.2166/wst.2009.739","usgsCitation":"Stringfellow, W., Litton, G., Borglin, S., Hanlon, J.R., Chen, C., Graham, J., Burks, R., Dahlgren, R., Kendall, C., Brown, R., and Quinn, N., 2009, Investigation of river eutrophication as part of a low dissolved oxygen total maximum daily load implementation: Water Science and Technology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 9-14, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.739.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/soecs-facarticles/192","text":"External Repository"},{"id":358367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd71e4b034bf6a7f8b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stringfellow, W.","contributorId":41709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfellow","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litton, Gary","contributorId":209646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litton","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borglin, Sharon","contributorId":175251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borglin","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanlon, James R. jrhanlon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanlon","given":"James","email":"jrhanlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":748502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graham, J.","contributorId":73826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burks, Remie","contributorId":209647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burks","given":"Remie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Quinn, Nigel","contributorId":58169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"Nigel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70154878,"text":"70154878 - 2009 - A large volume striped bass egg incubation chamber: design and comparison with a traditional method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-13T09:23:05","indexId":"70154878","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"A large volume striped bass egg incubation chamber: design and comparison with a traditional method","docAbstract":"<p>I conducted a comparative study of a new jar design (experimental chamber) with a standard egg incubation vessel (McDonald jar). Experimental chambers measured 0.4 m in diameter by 1.3 m in height and had a volume of 200 L. McDonald hatching jars measured 16 cm in diameter by 45 cm in height and had a volume of 6 L. Post-hatch survival was estimated at 48, 96 and 144 h. Stocking rates resulted in an average egg density of 21.9 eggs ml<sup>-1</sup> (range = 21.6 &ndash; 22.1) for McDonald jars and 10.9 eggs ml<sup>-1</sup> (range = 7.0 &ndash; 16.8) for experimental chambers. I was unable to detect an effect of container type on survival to 48, 96 or 144 h. At 144 h striped bass fry survival averaged 37.3% for McDonald jars and 34.2% for experimental chambers. Survival among replicates was significantly different. Survival of striped bass significantly decreased between 96 and 144 h. Mean survival among replicates ranged from 12.4 to 57.3%. I was unable to detect an effect of initial stocking density on survival. Experimental jars allow for incubation of a larger number of eggs in a much smaller space. As hatchery production is often limited by space or water supply, experimental chambers offer an alternative to extending spawning activities, thereby reducing manpower and cost. However, the increase in the number of eggs per rearing container does increase the risk associated with catastrophic loss of a production unit. I conclude the experimental chamber is suitable for striped bass egg incubation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ProQuest Information and Learning Company","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Harper, C., 2009, A large volume striped bass egg incubation chamber: design and comparison with a traditional method, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009175","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a4e12fe4b0183d66e4537c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harper, C.J.","contributorId":107531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70117455,"text":"70117455 - 2009 - The Columbia River Basalt Group: from the gorge to the sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-22T10:29:59","indexId":"70117455","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:20:51","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Columbia River Basalt Group: from the gorge to the sea","docAbstract":"Miocene flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group inundated eastern Washington, Oregon, and adjacent Idaho between 17 and 6 Ma. Some of the more voluminous flows followed the ancestral Columbia River across the Cascade arc, Puget-Willamette trough, and the Coast Range to the Pacific Ocean. We have used field mapping, chemistry, and paleomagnetic directions to trace individual flows and flow packages from the Columbia River Gorge westward into the Astoria Basin, where they form pillow palagonite complexes and mega-invasive bodies into older marine sedimentary rocks. Flows of the Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains Basalts all made it to the ocean; at least 33 flows are recognized in the western Columbia River Gorge, 50 in the Willamette Valley, 16 in the lower Columbia River Valley, and at least 12 on the Oregon side of the Astoria Basin. In the Astoria Basin, the basalt flows loaded and invaded the wet marine sediments, producing peperite breccias, soft sediment deformation, and complex invasive relations. Mega-invasive sills up to 500 m thick were emplaced into strata as old as Eocene, and invasive dikes up to 90 m thick can be traced continuously for 25 km near the basin margin. Mega-pillow complexes up to a kilometer thick are interpreted as the remains of lava deltas that prograded onto the shelf and a filled submarine canyon southeast of Astoria, possibly providing the hydraulic head for injection of invasive sills and dikes at depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Field Guides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(32)","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., Niem, A.R., Evarts, R.C., and Hagstrum, J.T., 2009, The Columbia River Basalt Group: from the gorge to the sea: GSA Field Guides, v. 15, p. 737-774, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(32).","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"38","ipdsId":"IP-014747","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290676,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(32)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4531,45.2498 ], [ -124.4531,46.6457 ], [ -121.9922,46.6457 ], [ -121.9922,45.2498 ], [ -124.4531,45.2498 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8486e4b0824b2d1490ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niem, Alan R.","contributorId":100414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70147068,"text":"70147068 - 2009 - Mineral resource of the month: gold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-20T09:15:18","indexId":"70147068","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: gold","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"George, M.W., 2009, Mineral resource of the month: gold: Earth, v. 54, no. 1, p. 29-29.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065201","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/sites/earthmagazine.org/files/toc012009.pdf"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555db054e4b0a92fa7eb8316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Micheal W. mgeorge@usgs.gov","contributorId":3128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Micheal","email":"mgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200359,"text":"70200359 - 2009 - Ingredients in sustainably managing water in semi-arid environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T09:49:35","indexId":"70200359","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:48:50","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1563,"text":"Environmental Science and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ingredients in sustainably managing water in semi-arid environments","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>The lessons learned from CALFED indicate that ingredients important in the long-term resolution of water management issues may not result in short-term “solutions”. The value of this special issue lies in its identification of ingredients that stimulate re-framing of issues, adapting to new knowledge and innovative decisions. But sustainable water management also requires the political patience to sustain those processes as a means of perpetuating the long-term decision-making necessary to anticipate and/or respond to an ever-changing environment.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2009.07.003","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., 2009, Ingredients in sustainably managing water in semi-arid environments: Environmental Science and Policy, v. 12, no. 6, p. 737-740, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2009.07.003.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"740","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd71e4b034bf6a7f8b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199994,"text":"70199994 - 2009 - Short-term effect of cattle exclosures on Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) populations and habitat in northeastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:48:17","indexId":"70199994","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:45:39","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term effect of cattle exclosures on Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) populations and habitat in northeastern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Livestock grazing is a common land use across the western United States, but concerns have been raised regarding its potential to affect amphibian populations. We studied the short-term effects of full and partial livestock grazing exclosures on&nbsp;</span><i>Rana luteiventris</i><span>&nbsp;(Columbia Spotted Frog) populations using a controlled manipulative field experiment with pre- and posttreatment data (2002–2006). Despite a significant increase in vegetation height within grazing exclosures, we did not find treatment effects for egg mass counts, larval survival, or size at metamorphosis 1–2 years following grazing exclosure installation. Water samples taken in late summer showed concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, and orthophosphate that were low or near detection limits across all ponds and years. The results of this experiment do not support a hypothesis that limiting cattle access to breeding ponds will help conserve&nbsp;</span><i>R. luteiventris</i><span>&nbsp;populations in our study area. Further research is needed to evaluate regional variation and long-term effects of grazing exclosures on&nbsp;</span><i>R. luteiventris</i><span>populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/08-016R2.1","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Pearl, C., McCreary, B., Galvan, S., Wessell, S.J., Wente, W., Anderson, C.W., and Kuehl, A.B., 2009, Short-term effect of cattle exclosures on Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) populations and habitat in northeastern Oregon: Journal of Herpetology, v. 43, no. 1, p. 132-138, https://doi.org/10.1670/08-016R2.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher 0000-0003-2943-7321 christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":172669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCreary, Brome 0000-0002-0313-7796 brome_mccreary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-7796","contributorId":3130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","email":"brome_mccreary@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galvan, Stephanie 0000-0002-9864-3674 stephanie_galvan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-3674","contributorId":3135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galvan","given":"Stephanie","email":"stephanie_galvan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wessell, Stephanie J.","contributorId":208552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wessell","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wente, Wendy","contributorId":60497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wente","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":140160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuehl, Allison B.","contributorId":208553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuehl","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70040064,"text":"70040064 - 2009 - Polaris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:00:39.410404","indexId":"70040064","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:43:39","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Polaris","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical and paleoseismic investigations of the Martis Creek Dam, Truckee, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceDate":"2009","conferenceLocation":"California, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists","usgsCitation":"Howle, J.F., 2009, Polaris, chap. <i>of</i> Geotechnical and paleoseismic investigations of the Martis Creek Dam, Truckee, California, p. 12-15.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-013713","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aegweb.org/field-trip-guidebooks"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Truckee","otherGeospatial":"Martis Creek Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.13120651245117,\n              39.29990067129134\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10571479797362,\n              39.29990067129134\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10571479797362,\n              39.330579676670155\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.13120651245117,\n              39.330579676670155\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.13120651245117,\n              39.29990067129134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Hunter, L. E.","contributorId":100207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839029,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70201196,"text":"70201196 - 2009 - Extraterrestrial GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T09:44:45","indexId":"70201196","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:42:04","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Extraterrestrial GIS","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of Geographic Information Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS)","isbn":"9781570830860","usgsCitation":"Hare, T.M., Kirk, R.L., Skinner, J., and Tanaka, K.L., 2009, Extraterrestrial GIS, chap. <i>of</i> Manual of Geographic Information Systems, p. 1199-1219.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1219","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://my.asprs.org/ASPRSMember/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iProductCode=4650&Category=MANUALS&WebsiteKey=9126ee3f-e9e1-43bd-a00c-0cfa63182579"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c08f1c8e4b0815414d0bc09","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Madden, Marguerite","contributorId":211065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madden","given":"Marguerite","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753156,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199993,"text":"70199993 - 2009 - Dietary segregation of pelagic and littoral fish assemblages in a highly modified tidal freshwater estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:42:28","indexId":"70199993","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:41:16","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary segregation of pelagic and littoral fish assemblages in a highly modified tidal freshwater estuary","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Estuarine food webs are highly variable and complex, making identification of their trophic pathways difficult. Energy for the food web of the San Francisco Estuary is thought to be based largely on in situ phytoplankton production, but little attention has been paid to littoral habitats, where other energy sources may be important. We analyzed the stomach contents of over 960 juvenile fishes and the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of these fishes and their potential food resources in pelagic and littoral habitats from the tidal freshwater area of the estuary. The mixing model IsoSource was used to examine energy sources important to consumers. Our results show evidence of two predominant food web pathways. Pelagic fishes and some littoral fishes showed strong dependence on a zooplankton–phytoplankton trophic pathway. However, the majority of fishes in littoral habitats had diets and carbon isotope ratios consistent with energy arising from submerged aquatic vegetation and epiphytic macroalgae. IsoSource revealed that the overall majority of nutrition of littoral fishes originated from consumption of grazer amphipods. Examining both stable isotopes and stomach contents allowed us to identify a food web with contributions to resident fishes that had been previously underestimated in the estuary. This study provides insight to how estuarine food webs have changed over the last few decades and highlights why the functions of habitats must be understood for effective restoration planning.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/C08-013.1","usgsCitation":"Grimaldo, L., Stewart, A., and Kimmerer, W., 2009, Dietary segregation of pelagic and littoral fish assemblages in a highly modified tidal freshwater estuary: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 1, no. 1, p. 200-217, https://doi.org/10.1577/C08-013.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/c08-013.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimaldo, Lenny","contributorId":10728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimaldo","given":"Lenny","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35724,"text":"ICF, San Francisco, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, A. Robin 0000-0003-2918-546X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-546X","contributorId":82436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A. Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim","contributorId":26584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199992,"text":"70199992 - 2009 - A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:03:10","indexId":"70199992","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:36:23","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1802,"text":"Geophysical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes","docAbstract":"<p><span>With phase inversion, one can estimate subsurface velocities using the phases of first-arriving waves, which are the frequency-domain equivalents of the traveltimes. Phase inversion is modified to make it suitable for processing traveltimes from near-surface refraction surveys. The modifications include parameterizing the model, correcting the observed phases, and selecting the complex frequency. This modified phase inversion is compared to traveltime tomography. For two comparisons using computer-simulated traveltimes, the difference between the estimated and correct models, the residual mean, and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography. For a comparison using field data from an S-wave refraction survey, both methods estimate models that are consistent with the known geology. Nonetheless, the phase-inversion model includes small-scale features in the bedrock that are geologically plausible; the residual mean and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1190/1.3196857","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., 2009, A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes: Geophysical Journal, v. 74, no. 6, p. WCB11-WCB24, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3196857.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"WCB11","endPage":"WCB24","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":747656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199989,"text":"70199989 - 2009 - An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:09:26","indexId":"70199989","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:06:17","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous state and federal agencies are increasingly concerned with the rapid expansion of invasive, noxious weeds across the United States. Herbicides are frequently applied as weed control measures in forest and rangeland ecosystems that frequently overlap with critical habitats of threatened and endangered fish species. However, there is little published chronic toxicity data for herbicides and fish that can be used to assess ecological risk of herbicides in aquatic environments. We conducted 96-h flowthrough acute and 30-day chronic toxicity studies with swim-up larvae and juvenile rainbow trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Onchorhyncus mykiss</i><span>) exposed to the free acid form of 2,4-D. Juvenile rainbow trout were acutely sensitive to 2,4-D acid equivalent at 494&nbsp;mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 334–668&nbsp;mg/L; 96-h ALC</span><sub>50</sub><span>). Accelerated life-testing procedures, used to estimate chronic mortality from acute data, predicted that a 30-day exposure of juvenile rainbow trout to 2,4-D would result in 1% and 10% mortality at 260 and 343&nbsp;mg/L, respectively. Swim-up larvae were chronically more sensitive than juveniles using growth as the measurement end point. The 30-day lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) of 2,4-D on growth of swim-up larvae was 108&nbsp;mg/L, whereas the 30-day no observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 54&nbsp;mg/L. The 30-day maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) of 2,4-D for rainbow trout, determined as the geometric mean of the NOEC and the LOEC, was 76&nbsp;mg/L. The acute:chronic ratio was 6.5 (i.e., 494/76). We observed no chronic effects on growth of juvenile rainbow trout at the highest concentration tested (108&nbsp;mg/L). Worst-case aquatic exposures to 2,4-D (4&nbsp;mg/L) occur when the herbicide is directly applied to aquatic ecosystems for aquatic weed control and resulted in a 30-day safety factor of 19 based on the MATC for growth (i.e., 76/4). Highest nontarget aquatic exposures to 2,4-D applied following terrestrial use is calculated at 0.136&nbsp;mg/L and resulted in a 30-day safety factor of 559 (e.g., 76/0.163). Assessment of the exposure and response data presented herein indicates that use of 2,4-D acid for invasive weed control in aquatic and terrestrial habitats poses no substantial risk to growth or survival of rainbow trout or other salmonids, including the threatened bull trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-008-9281-8","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Feltz, K.P., Allert, A., Sappington, L., Nelson, K., and Valle, J., 2009, An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 56, no. 4, p. 754-760, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9281-8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"754","endPage":"760","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, James jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":179147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, Kevin P. kfeltz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"Kevin","email":"kfeltz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allert, Ann 0000-0001-7063-8016 aallert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-8016","contributorId":178200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"Ann","email":"aallert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valle, J.A.","contributorId":91327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valle","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}