Juvenile raptors often travel thousands of kilometers from the time they leave their natal areas to the time they enter a breeding population. Documenting movements and identifying areas used by raptors before they enter a breeding population is important for understanding the factors that influence their survival. In North America, juvenile Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) are routinely observed outside the species' breeding range during the nonbreeding season, but the natal origins of these birds are rarely known. We used satellite telemetry to track the movements of juvenile Gyrfalcons during their first months of independence. We instrumented nestlings with lightweight satellite transmitters within 10 d of estimated fledging dates on the Seward Peninsula in western Alaska and in Denali National Park (Denali) in interior Alaska. Gyrfalcons spent an average of 41.4 ± 6.1 d (range = 30–50 d) in their natal areas after fledging. The mean departure date from natal areas was 27 August ± 6.4 d. We tracked 15 individuals for an average of 70.5 ± 28.1 d post-departure; Gyrfalcons moved from 105 to 4299 km during this period and tended to move greater distances earlier in the tracking period than later in the tracking period. Gyrfalcons did not establish temporary winter ranges within the tracking period. We identified several movement patterns among Gyrfalcons, including unidirectional long-distance movements, multidirectional long- and short-distance movements, and shorter movements within a local region. Gyrfalcons from the Seward Peninsula remained in western Alaska or flew to eastern Russia with no movements into interior Alaska. In contrast, Gyrfalcons from Denali remained in interior Alaska, flew to northern and western Alaska, or flew to northern Alberta. Gyrfalcons from both study areas tended to move to coastal, riparian, and wetland areas during autumn and early winter. Because juvenile Gyrfalcons dispersed over a large geographic area and across three international boundaries, conservation efforts should focus on both regional and international scales.
Samples of damage-zone granodiorite and fault core from two drillholes into the active, strike-slip Nojima fault zone display microstructures and alteration features that explain their measured present-day strengths and permeabilities and provide insight on the evolution of these properties in the fault zone. The least deformed damage-zone rocks contain two sets of nearly perpendicular (60–90° angles), roughly vertical fractures that are concentrated in quartz-rich areas, with one set typically dominating over the other. With increasing intensity of deformation, which corresponds generally to increasing proximity to the core, zones of heavily fragmented rock, termed microbreccia zones, develop between prominent fractures of both sets. Granodiorite adjoining intersecting microbreccia zones in the active fault strands has been repeatedly fractured and locally brecciated, accompanied by the generation of millimeter-scale voids that are partly filled with secondary minerals. Minor shear bands overprint some of the heavily deformed areas, and small-scale shear zones form from the pairing of closely spaced shear bands. Strength and permeability measurements were made on core collected from the fault within a year after a major (Kobe) earthquake. Measured strengths of the samples decrease regularly with increasing fracturing and fragmentation, such that the gouge of the fault core and completely brecciated samples from the damage zone are the weakest. Permeability increases with increasing disruption, generally reaching a peak in heavily fractured but still more or less cohesive rock at the scale of the laboratory samples. Complete loss of cohesion, as in the gouge or the interiors of large microbreccia zones, is accompanied by a reduction of permeability by 1-2 orders of magnitude below the peak values. The core samples show abundant evidence of hydrothermal alteration and mineral precipitation. Permeability is thus expected to decrease and strength to increase somewhat in active fault strands between earthquakes, as mineral deposits progressively seal fractures and fill pore spaces.
Late Holocene dome-building eruptions at Mount Hood during the Timberline and Old Maid eruptive periods resulted in numerous dome-collapse pyroclastic flows and lahars that moved large volumes of volcaniclastic sediment into temporary storage in headwater canyons of the Sandy River. During each eruptive period, accelerated sediment loading to the river through erosion and remobilization of volcanic fragmental debris resulted in very high sediment-transport rates in the Sandy River during rain- and snowmelt-induced floods. Large sediment loads in excess of the river's transport capacity led to channel aggradation, channel widening, and change to a braided channel form in the lowermost reach of the river, between 61 and 87 km downstream from the volcano. The post-eruption sediment load moved as a broad bed-material wave, which in the case of the Old Maid eruption took ~2 decades to crest 83 km downstream. Maximum post-eruption aggradation levels of at least 28 and 23 m were achieved in response to Timberline and Old Maid eruptions. In each case, downstream aggradation cycles were initiated by lahars, but the bulk of the aggradation was achieved by fluvial sediment transport and deposition. When the high rates of sediment supply began to diminish, the river degraded, incising the channel fills and forming progressively lower sets of degradational terraces. A variety of debris-flow, hyperconcentrated-flow, and fluvial (upper and lower flow regime) deposits record the downstream passage of the sediment waves that were initiated by these eruptions. The deposits also presage a hazard that may be faced by communities along the Sandy River when volcanic activity at Mount Hood resumes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colorado","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(11)","usgsCitation":"Pierson, T.C., Akins, S.W., Vallance, J.W., and Pringle, P.T., 2009, Eruption-related lahars and sedimentation response downstream of Mount Hood: Field guide to volcaniclastic deposits along the Sandy River, Oregon, chap. 11 of Volcanoes to vineyards: geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, p. 221-236, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(11).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-014191","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Sandy River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.42614746093749,\n 45.50538444896976\n ],\n [\n -122.27096557617189,\n 45.50538444896976\n ],\n [\n -122.27096557617189,\n 45.566948210863636\n ],\n [\n -122.42614746093749,\n 45.566948210863636\n ],\n [\n -122.42614746093749,\n 45.50538444896976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akins, Scott W. sakins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akins","given":"Scott","email":"sakins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":761448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pringle, Patrick T.","contributorId":105744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044932,"text":"70044932 - 2009 - Mineral resource of the month: zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T19:40:48","indexId":"70044932","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: zinc","docAbstract":"The article provides information on zinc, the fourth most-widely consumed metal. It traces the first use of zinc with the Romans' production of brass. It describes the presence of zinc in Earth's crust and the importance of sphalerite as a source of zinc and other some minor metal production. The production and consumption of zinc as well as the commercial and industrial uses of this metal are also discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Tolcin, A., 2009, Mineral resource of the month: zinc: Earth, v. 54, no. 11, p. 29-29.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"29","ipdsId":"IP-015604","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73f4e4b0037667dbc8bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tolcin, Amy C. atolcin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolcin","given":"Amy C.","email":"atolcin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004089,"text":"70004089 - 2009 - A field guide to Newberry Volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-21T18:30:10.576418","indexId":"70004089","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A field guide to Newberry Volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"Newberry Volcano is located in central Oregon at the intersection of the Cascade Range and the High Lava Plains. Its lavas range in age from ca. 0.5 Ma to late Holocene. Erupted products range in composition from basalt through rhyolite and cover ~3000 km2. The most recent caldera-forming eruption occurred ~80,000 years ago. This trip will highlight a revised understanding of the volcano's history based on new detailed geologic work. Stops will also focus on evidence for ice and flooding on the volcano, as well as new studies of Holocene mafic eruptions. Newberry is one of the most accessible U.S. volcanoes, and this trip will visit a range of lava types and compositions including tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalt flows, cinder cones, and rhyolitic domes and tuffs. Stops will include early distal basalts as well as the youngest intracaldera obsidian flow.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Field Guide: Volcanoes to Vineyards: Geologic Field Trips through the Dynamic Landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Sociey of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(03)","usgsCitation":"Jenson, R.A., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., and McKay, D., 2009, A field guide to Newberry Volcano, Oregon, chap. of GSA Field Guide: Volcanoes to Vineyards: Geologic Field Trips through the Dynamic Landscape of the Pacific Northwest, v. 15, p. 53-79, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(03).","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.34663827222667,\n 43.80125294776923\n ],\n [\n -121.34663827222667,\n 43.63987623664735\n ],\n [\n -121.09989633604337,\n 43.63987623664735\n ],\n [\n -121.09989633604337,\n 43.80125294776923\n ],\n [\n -121.34663827222667,\n 43.80125294776923\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Robert A.","contributorId":86092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKay, Daniele","contributorId":30343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Daniele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037161,"text":"70037161 - 2009 - Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2997,"text":"Palaeontologia Electronica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin","docAbstract":"In this issue of Palaeontologia Electronica Lucas, et al. (2009) question the validity f the Fassett (2009) paper that presented evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado. Their challenges focus primarily on the lithostratigraphy, palynology, and paleomagnetism of the dinosaur-bearing Ojo Alamo Sandstone, shown by Fassett to be of Paleocene age. The lithostratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo is addressed by Lucas et al. (2009) based on detailed studies of outcrops of this formation in two relatively small areas in the southern San Juan Basin where Ojo Alamo dinosaur fossils have been found. When viewed over its 13,000 km2 extent, the Ojo Alamo is seen to be a much more complex formation than these authors recognize, thus their perception and description of the lithostratigraphy of this rock unit is limited and provincial. Fassett (2009) presented a detailed discussion of the palynology of the rocks adjacent to the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) interface in the San Juan Basin, including a 67-page appendix and 25 tables listing the 244 palynomorph species identified from these strata. The Ojo Alamo Sandstone produced 103 palynomorphs from five principal localities including one especially prolific sample set from drill core through K-T strata. Without exception, all samples collected from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone for palynologic analysis were found to contain Paleocene palynomorph assemblages. Lucas et al. challenge only one Ojo Alamo palynomorph assemblage from one of the five areas studied, stating that they were unable to find palynomorph-productive samples at that locality. They submit no new palynologic data that refutes the Paleocene palynologic age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone. In addressing the paleomagnetism of the Ojo Alamo, these authors dismiss the presence of a critical normal-polarity magnetochron discovered in the lower part of the Ojo Alamo - magnetochron C29n.2n of Fassett (2009) with no evidence to justify this dismissal. This magnetochron has been identified at five localities in the basin, thus its existence seems unquestionable. At the Mesa Portales locality, this normal chron was found in Ojo Alamo strata containing Paleocene palynomorph assemblages verifying its identification as chron C29n. Other minor arguments of Lucas et al. (2009) are also addressed in this paper. In sum, Lucas et al. (2009) present no new data to contradict the data presented in Fassett (2009).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontologia Electronica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10948074","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J., 2009, Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 12, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa8de4b0c8380cd863cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, J.E.","contributorId":68758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047278,"text":"70047278 - 2009 - Warmwater fish in wadeable streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:37:59.935675","indexId":"70047278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Warmwater fish in wadeable streams","docAbstract":"Both “warmwater” and “wadeable” are terms of convenience without precise definition and are used by biologists to describe streams that are generally too warm to have sustainable salmonid populations and can be safely traversed by walking (i.e., a section of stream should have the majority of its length less than 1 m deep, and it should be possible to cross in chest waders in nearly all areas). Warmwater streams in North America are estimated to provide more than a half-million kilometers of fishable waters and many times that amount of waters containing fish (Rabeni and Jacobson 1999). Warmwater streams have experienced a surge of attention in the past three decades because of increased sportfishing opportunities due to point-source pollution abatement and because of the popularity of using fish assemblages as indicators of biological integrity for regulatory and management purposes. At least 38 states have fish bioassessment programs in place (USEPA 2002).
Sampling fish in warmwater streams is usually done for one of two reasons: (1) to evaluate a targeted species (e.g., sport fish or endangered species), or (2) to evaluate the entire fish assemblage. Thirty-two species of sport fishes, as defined by state and provincial agencies, occur in warmwater streams. The most popular are largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, spotted bass, striped bass, muskellunge, northern pike, walleye, several catfishes, and common carp. Important species regionally are rock bass, pumpkinseed, bluegill, white crappie, black crappie, other sunfishes, white perch, yellow perch, chain pickerel, buffalo, other suckers, and freshwater drum.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch4","usgsCitation":"Rabeni, C.F., Lyons, J.J., Mercado-Silva, N., and Peterson, J., 2009, Warmwater fish in wadeable streams, chap. 4 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eeee4b02e26443a93eb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mercado-Silva, Norman","contributorId":18219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercado-Silva","given":"Norman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035006,"text":"70035006 - 2009 - Exploration of Victoria crater by the mars rover opportunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035006","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration of Victoria crater by the mars rover opportunity","docAbstract":"The Mars rover Opportunity has explored Victoria crater, a ???750-meter eroded impact crater formed in sulfate-rich sedimentary rocks. Impact-related stratigraphy is preserved in the crater walls, and meteoritic debris is present near the crater rim. The size of hematite-rich concretions decreases up-section, documenting variation in the intensity of groundwater processes. Layering in the crater walls preserves evidence of ancient wind-blown dunes. Compositional variations with depth mimic those ???6 kilometers to the north and demonstrate that water-induced alteration at Meridiani Planum was regional in scope.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1170355","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Squyres, S.W., Knoll, A., Arvidson, R., Ashley, J.W., Bell, J., Calvin, W.M., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Cohen, B.A., De Souza, P., Edgar, L., Farrand, W.H., Fleischer, I., Gellert, R., Golombek, M., Grant, J., Grotzinger, J., Hayes, A., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Jolliff, B., Klingelhofer, G., Knudson, A., Li, R., McCoy, T., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D.W., Mittlefehldt, D.W., Morris, R., Rice, J.W., Schroder, C., Sullivan, R., Yen, A., and Yingst, R., 2009, Exploration of Victoria crater by the mars rover opportunity: Science, v. 324, no. 5930, p. 1058-1061, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1170355.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1061","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476444,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3934552","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215233,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1170355"},{"id":243022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"5930","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e17e4b0c8380cd532c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knoll, A.H.","contributorId":84885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ashley, James W.","contributorId":102523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Calvin, W. M.","contributorId":17379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, B. C.","contributorId":39918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cohen, B. A.","contributorId":34239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"De Souza, P.A. Jr.","contributorId":74927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Souza","given":"P.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Edgar, L.","contributorId":39618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Fleischer, I.","contributorId":70096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Grant, J.","contributorId":53929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.","contributorId":73384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hayes, A.","contributorId":26415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Herkenhoff, K. E.","contributorId":57959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Jolliff, B.","contributorId":105077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Klingelhofer, G.","contributorId":57195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhofer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Knudson, A.","contributorId":86082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Li, R.","contributorId":68441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"McCoy, T.J.","contributorId":84883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Mittlefehldt, D. W.","contributorId":54711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mittlefehldt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Yen, A.","contributorId":76054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Yingst, R.A.","contributorId":101370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yingst","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24732,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}} ,{"id":70044727,"text":"70044727 - 2009 - The final word on fines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T12:20:41","indexId":"70044727","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The final word on fines","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2009, The final word on fines: Aggregates Manager, v. 14, no. 9, p. 40-40.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-012934","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05defe4b030b519801323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}