{"pageNumber":"204","pageRowStart":"5075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70229677,"text":"70229677 - 2021 - Resource selection functions based on hierarchical generalized additive models provide new insights into individual animal variation and species distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T16:41:05.254001","indexId":"70229677","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-19T06:26:41","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource selection functions based on hierarchical generalized additive models provide new insights into individual animal variation and species distribution","docAbstract":"Habitat selection studies are designed to generate predictions of species distributions or inference regarding general habitat associations and individual variation in habitat use. Such studies frequently involve either individually indexed locations gathered across limited spatial extents and analyzed using resource selection functions (RSFs) or spatially extensive locational data without individual resolution typically analyzed using species distribution models. Both analytical methodologies have certain desirable features, but analyses that combine individual- and population-level inference with flexible non-linear functions may provide improved predictions while accounting for individual variation. Here, we describe how RSFs can be fit using hierarchical generalized additive models (HGAMs) using widely available software, providing a means to explore individual variation in habitat associations and to generate species distribution maps. We used GPS tracking data from golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos from across eastern North America with four environmental predictors to generate monthly distribution models. We considered three model structures that assumed different amounts of individual variation in the functional relationship between predictors and habitat use and used k-fold cross-validation to compare model performance. Models accounting for individual variability in shape and smoothness of functional responses performed best. Eagles exhibited the least amount of individual variation in response to land cover variables during winter months, with most individuals more closely adhering to the population-level trend. During the summer months, eagles exhibited more substantial individual variation in shape and smoothness of the functional relationships, suggesting some need to account for individual variation in eagle habitat use for both inferential and predictive purposes, during this time of year. Because they allow users to blend flexible functions with random effects structures and are well-supported by a variety of software platforms, we believe that HGAMs provide a useful addition to the suite of analyses used for modeling habitat associations or predicting species distributions.
We aimed to disentangle the patterns of synchronous and variable cone production (i.e. masting) and its relationship to climate in two conifer species native to dry forests of western North America. We used cone abscission scars to reconstruct ca 15 years of recent cone production in Pinus edulis and Pinus ponderosa, and used redundancy analysis to relate time series of annual cone production to climate indices describing the North American monsoon and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We show that the sensitivity to climate and resulting synchrony in cone production varies substantially between species. Cone production among populations of P. edulis was much more spatially synchronous and more closely related to large-scale modes of climate variability than among populations of P. ponderosa. Large-scale synchrony in P. edulis cone production was associated with the North American monsoon and we identified a dipole pattern of regional cone production associated with ENSO phase. In P. ponderosa, these climate indices were not strongly associated with cone production, resulting in asynchronous masting patterns among populations. This study helps frame our understanding of mast seeding as a life-history strategy and has implications for our ability to forecast mast years in these species.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2020.0378","usgsCitation":"Wion, A., Pearse, I., Rodman, K., Veblen, T.T., and Redmond, M., 2021, The effects of ENSO and the North American monsoon on mast seeding in two Rocky Mountain conifer species: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 376, no. 1839, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0378.","ipdsId":"IP-126312","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":391740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"1839","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wion, Andreas","contributorId":225092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wion","given":"Andreas","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodman, Kyle C.","contributorId":238090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodman","given":"Kyle C.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veblen, Thomas T.","contributorId":192285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veblen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redmond, Miranda D.","contributorId":225094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redmond","given":"Miranda","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70226183,"text":"70226183 - 2021 - The ecology and evolution of synchronized reproduction in long-lived plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T12:56:10.688362","indexId":"70226183","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-18T06:54:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ecology and evolution of synchronized reproduction in long-lived plants","docAbstract":"Populations of many long-lived plants exhibit spatially synchronized seed production that varies extensively over time, so that seed production in some years is much higher than on average, while in others, it is much lower or absent. This phenomenon termed masting or mast seeding has important consequences for plant reproductive success, ecosystem dynamics and plant–human interactions. Inspired by recent advances in the field, this special issue presents a series of articles that advance the current understanding of the ecology and evolution of masting. To provide a broad overview, we reflect on the state-of-the-art of masting research in terms of underlying proximate mechanisms, ontogeny, adaptations, phylogeny and applications to conservation. While the mechanistic drivers and fitness consequences of masting have received most attention, the evolutionary history, ontogenetic trajectory and applications to plant–human interactions are poorly understood. With increased availability of long-term datasets across broader geographical and taxonomic scales, as well as advances in molecular approaches, we expect that many mysteries of masting will be solved soon. The increased understanding of this global phenomenon will provide the foundation for predictive modelling of seed crops, which will improve our ability to manage forests and agricultural fruit and nut crops in the Anthropocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2020.0369","usgsCitation":"Pesendorfer, M.B., Ascoli, D., Bogdziewicz, M., Hacket-Pain, A., Pearse, I., and Vacchiano, G., 2021, The ecology and evolution of synchronized reproduction in long-lived plants: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 376, no. 1839, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0369.","ipdsId":"IP-130378","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0369","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"1839","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pesendorfer, Mario B.","contributorId":201187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pesendorfer","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ascoli, Davide","contributorId":224289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ascoli","given":"Davide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40848,"text":"University of Torino","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogdziewicz, Michal","contributorId":256849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogdziewicz","given":"Michal","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hacket-Pain, Andrew","contributorId":224290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hacket-Pain","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16977,"text":"University of Liverpool","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vacchiano, Giorgio","contributorId":224295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacchiano","given":"Giorgio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40851,"text":"University of Milan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70225673,"text":"70225673 - 2021 - Machine learning predictions of nitrate in groundwater used for drinking supply in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T11:54:43.920548","indexId":"70225673","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-18T06:51:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Machine learning predictions of nitrate in groundwater used for drinking supply in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Groundwater is an important source of drinking water supplies in the conterminous United State (CONUS), and presence of high nitrate concentrations may limit usability of groundwater in some areas because of the potential negative health effects. Prediction of locations of high nitrate groundwater is needed to focus mitigation and relief efforts. A three-dimensional extreme gradient boosting (XGB) machine learning model was developed to predict the distribution of nitrate. Nitrate was predicted at a 1 km resolution for two drinking water zones, each of variable depth, one for domestic supply and one for public supply. The model used measured nitrate concentrations from 12,082 wells and included predictor variables representing well characteristics, hydrologic conditions, soil type, geology, land use, climate, and nitrogen inputs. Predictor variables derived from empirical or numerical process-based models were also included to integrate information on controlling processes and conditions. The model provided accurate estimates at national and regional scales: the training (R2 of 0.83) and hold-out (R2 of 0.49) data fits compared favorably to previous studies. Predicted nitrate concentrations were less than 1 mg/L across most of the CONUS. Nationally, well depth, soil and climate characteristics, and the absence of developed land use were among the most influential explanatory factors. Only 1% of the area in either water supply zone had predicted nitrate concentrations greater than 10 mg/L; however, about 1.4 M people depend on groundwater for their drinking supplies in those areas. Predicted high concentrations of nitrate were most prevalent in the central CONUS. In areas of predicted high nitrate concentration, applied manure, farm fertilizer, and agricultural land use were influential predictor variables. This work represents the first application of XGB to a three-dimensional national-scale groundwater quality model and provides a significant milestone in the efforts to document nitrate in groundwater across the CONUS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151065","usgsCitation":"Ransom, K.M., Nolan, B.T., Stackelberg, P.E., Belitz, K., and Fram, M.S., 2021, Machine learning predictions of nitrate in groundwater used for drinking supply in the conterminous United States: Science of the Total Environment, 151065, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151065.","productDescription":"151065, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125411","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151065","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IPKWFL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for Machine Learning Predictions of Nitrate in Groundwater Used for Drinking Supply in the Conterminous United 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0000-0001-6195-7699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-7699","contributorId":239552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":265888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37374,"text":"Retired USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":204864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":213728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70226187,"text":"70226187 - 2021 - Modes of climate variability bridge proximate and evolutionary mechanisms of masting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T12:50:53.072613","indexId":"70226187","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-18T06:49:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modes of climate variability bridge proximate and evolutionary mechanisms of masting","docAbstract":"There is evidence that variable and synchronous reproduction in seed plants (masting) correlates to modes of climate variability, e.g. El Niño Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. In this perspective, we explore the breadth of knowledge on how climate modes control reproduction in major masting species throughout Earth's biomes. We posit that intrinsic properties of climate modes (periodicity, persistence and trends) drive interannual and decadal variability of plant reproduction, as well as the spatial extent of its synchrony, aligning multiple proximate causes of masting through space and time. Moreover, climate modes force lagged but in-phase ecological processes that interact synergistically with multiple stages of plant reproductive cycles. This sets up adaptive benefits by increasing offspring fitness through either economies of scale or environmental prediction. Community-wide links between climate modes and masting across plant taxa suggest an evolutionary role of climate variability. We argue that climate modes may ‘bridge’ proximate and ultimate causes of masting selecting for variable and synchronous reproduction. The future of such interaction is uncertain: processes that improve reproductive fitness may remain coupled with climate modes even under changing climates, but chances are that abrupt global warming will affect Earth's climate modes so rapidly as to alter ecological and evolutionary links.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2020.0380","usgsCitation":"Ascoli, D., Hacket-Pain, A., Pearse, I.S., Vacchiano, G., Corti, S., and Davini, P., 2021, Modes of climate variability bridge proximate and evolutionary mechanisms of masting: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 376, no. 1839, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0380.","ipdsId":"IP-127671","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2020.0380","text":"External Repository"},{"id":391736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"1839","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ascoli, Davide","contributorId":224289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ascoli","given":"Davide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40848,"text":"University of Torino","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hacket-Pain, Andrew","contributorId":224290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hacket-Pain","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16977,"text":"University of Liverpool","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vacchiano, Giorgio","contributorId":224295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacchiano","given":"Giorgio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40851,"text":"University of Milan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corti, Susanna","contributorId":268854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corti","given":"Susanna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55694,"text":"Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davini, Paolo","contributorId":268855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davini","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55694,"text":"Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70259595,"text":"70259595 - 2021 - Active virus-host interactions at sub-freezing temperatures in Arctic peat soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T11:52:44.042031","indexId":"70259595","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-18T06:48:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5838,"text":"Microbiome","onlineIssn":"2049-2618","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Active virus-host interactions at sub-freezing temperatures in Arctic peat soil","docAbstract":"Background
Winter carbon loss in northern ecosystems is estimated to be greater than the average growing season carbon uptake and is primarily driven by microbial decomposers. Viruses modulate microbial carbon cycling via induced mortality and metabolic controls, but it is unknown whether viruses are active under winter conditions (anoxic and sub-freezing temperatures).
Results
We used stable isotope probing (SIP) targeted metagenomics to reveal the genomic potential of active soil microbial populations under simulated winter conditions, with an emphasis on viruses and virus-host dynamics. Arctic peat soils from the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research site in Alaska were incubated under sub-freezing anoxic conditions with H218O or natural abundance water for 184 and 370 days. We sequenced 23 SIP-metagenomes and measured carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux throughout the experiment. We identified 46 bacterial populations (spanning 9 phyla) and 243 viral populations that actively took up 18O in soil and respired CO2 throughout the incubation. Active bacterial populations represented only a small portion of the detected microbial community and were capable of fermentation and organic matter degradation. In contrast, active viral populations represented a large portion of the detected viral community and one third were linked to active bacterial populations. We identified 86 auxiliary metabolic genes and other environmentally relevant genes. The majority of these genes were carried by active viral populations and had diverse functions such as carbon utilization and scavenging that could provide their host with a fitness advantage for utilizing much-needed carbon sources or acquiring essential nutrients.
Conclusions
Overall, there was a stark difference in the identity and function of the active bacterial and viral community compared to the unlabeled community that would have been overlooked with a non-targeted standard metagenomic analysis. Our results illustrate that substantial active virus-host interactions occur in sub-freezing anoxic conditions and highlight viruses as a major community-structuring agent that likely modulates carbon loss in peat soils during winter, which may be pivotal for understanding the future fate of arctic soils' vast carbon stocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40168-021-01154-2","usgsCitation":"Trubl, G., Kimbrel, J.A., Liquet-Gonzalez, J., Nuccio, E.E., Weber, P.K., Pett-Ridge, J., Jansson, J.K., Waldrop, M., and Blazewicz, S., 2021, Active virus-host interactions at sub-freezing temperatures in Arctic peat soil: Microbiome, v. 9, 208, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01154-2.","productDescription":"208, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128011","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01154-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trubl, Gareth","contributorId":345156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trubl","given":"Gareth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82502,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimbrel, Jeffrey A","contributorId":345157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimbrel","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":82502,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liquet-Gonzalez, Jose","contributorId":345158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liquet-Gonzalez","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82502,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nuccio, Erin E.","contributorId":345159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, Peter K.","contributorId":345160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, Jennifer","contributorId":254974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":51376,"text":"Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jansson, Janet K.","contributorId":345161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jansson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":82503,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":216758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":915869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Blazewicz, Steve 0000-0001-7517-1750","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-1750","contributorId":272100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blazewicz","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70226188,"text":"70226188 - 2021 - Understanding mast seeding for conservation and land management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T12:49:09.966096","indexId":"70226188","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-18T06:47:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding mast seeding for conservation and land management","docAbstract":"Masting, the intermittent and synchronous production of large seed crops, can have profound consequences for plant populations and the food webs that are built on their seeds. For centuries, people have recorded mast crops because of their importance in managing wildlife populations. In the past 30 years, we have begun to recognize the importance of masting in conserving and managing many other aspects of the environment: promoting the regeneration of forests following fire or other disturbance, conserving rare plants, conscientiously developing the use of edible seeds as non-timber forest products, coping with the consequences of extinctions on seed dispersal, reducing the impacts of plant invasions with biological control, suppressing zoonotic diseases and preventing depredation of endemic fauna. We summarize current instances and future possibilities of a broad set of applications of masting. By exploring in detail several case studies, we develop new perspectives on how solutions to pressing conservation and land management problems may benefit by better understanding the dynamics of seed production. A lesson common to these examples is that masting can be used to time management, and often, to do this effectively, we need models that explicitly forecast masting and the dynamics of seed-eating animals into the near-term future.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2020.0383","usgsCitation":"Pearse, I.S., Wion, A., Gonzalez, A., and Pesendorfer, M.B., 2021, Understanding mast seeding for conservation and land management: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 376, no. 1839, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0383.","ipdsId":"IP-126922","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8520776","text":"External Repository"},{"id":391735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"1839","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wion, Andreas","contributorId":225092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wion","given":"Andreas","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Angela","contributorId":268856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pesendorfer, Mario B.","contributorId":201187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pesendorfer","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70237016,"text":"70237016 - 2021 - Potential for carbon and nitrogen sequestration by restoring tidal connectivity and enhancing soil surface elevations in denuded and degraded south Florida mangrove ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T15:35:42.308079","indexId":"70237016","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T13:28:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12608,"text":"Geophysical Monograph Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Potential for carbon and nitrogen sequestration by restoring tidal connectivity and enhancing soil surface elevations in denuded and degraded south Florida mangrove ecosystems","docAbstract":"Mangroves are tidally dependent wetlands that are influenced often by alterations in hydrology associated with coastal developments that impact their distribution, health, and function. Alteration in frequency, depth, duration, and seasonality of tidal inundation can lead to changes in forest condition, although these stress-adapted ecosystems may persist for many years before succumbing to mortality. However, arresting this decline through hydrological restoration can significantly improve ecosystem condition and the provision of ecosystem services. Much of the mangrove resource on Marco Island, Florida, USA, is unhealthy if not already dead or dying due to soil structural shifts, permanent flooding, and peat compression resulting from road construction, tidal restriction, and delays in restoration actions. In order to determine the impact of restricted hydrology on these mangrove forests, we examined soil surface elevation change and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content along a degradation gradient and within a small-scale, community-driven restoration area. Using a space-for-time substitution approach, we found that the restoration of regular tidal inundation to Marco Island mangroves has the potential to increase C sequestration in surface soils alone from 0 to 360 g C/m 2 /yr (3.60 Mg C/ha/yr) and increase N sequestration from 0 to 24 g N/m2/yr (0.24 Mg N/ha/yr). Additional sequestration benefits would be realized with aboveground forest recovery. Successful mangrove restoration trials and small community-based projects such as those on Marco Island could serve as a model for larger efforts and empower stakeholders and policy makers to restore other wetlands and better manage coastal carbon.
","largerWorkTitle":"Wetland carbon and environmental management","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781119639305.ch7","usgsCitation":"Cormier, N., Krauss, K., Demopoulos, A., Jessen, B.J., McClain Counts, J., From, A., and Flynn, L.L., 2021, Potential for carbon and nitrogen sequestration by restoring tidal connectivity and enhancing soil surface elevations in denuded and degraded south Florida mangrove ecosystems, chap. of Wetland carbon and environmental management: Geophysical Monograph Series, p. 143-158, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119639305.ch7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"158","ipdsId":"IP-117700","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P929MIXP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Soil surface elevation change and vertical accretion data to support the Fruit Farm Creek Mangrove Restoration Project (Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Marco Island, Florida)"},{"id":407465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Fruit Farm Creek, Marco Island, Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 25.90972531442551\n ],\n [\n -81.66463851928711,\n 25.90972531442551\n ],\n [\n -81.66463851928711,\n 25.935971514362496\n ],\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 25.935971514362496\n ],\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 25.90972531442551\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854080,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853149,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Cormier, N. 0000-0003-2453-9900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":221147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cormier","given":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":16788,"text":"Macquarie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":219804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":222183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jessen, Brita J.","contributorId":223476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessen","given":"Brita","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40719,"text":"Rookery Bay National Research Reserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McClain Counts, Jennifer 0000-0002-3383-5472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-5472","contributorId":219233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain Counts","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"From, Andrew 0000-0002-6543-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2627","contributorId":223021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"From","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flynn, Laura L.","contributorId":297015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flynn","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":64277,"text":"Coastal Resources Group, Venice, Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70224272,"text":"70224272 - 2021 - Carbon fluxes and potential soil accumulation within Greater Everglades cypress and pine forested wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T17:37:42.02639","indexId":"70224272","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T11:36:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"20","title":"Carbon fluxes and potential soil accumulation within Greater Everglades cypress and pine forested wetlands","docAbstract":"In forested wetlands, accumulation of organic matter in soil is partly governed by carbon fluxes where photosynthesis, respiration, lateral advection of waterborne carbon, fire-derived carbon emissions, and methanogenesis are balanced by changes in stored carbon. Stored carbon can eventually accumulate as soil over time if net primary productivity exceeds biomass decomposition. For this study, potential soil accumulation was estimated based on four years of continuous daily carbon cycling data and a one-dimensional mass-balance model of landscape-atmospheric exchange for cypress and pine forested wetlands in the Greater Everglades of south Florida. The mass-balance model was driven by eddy-covariance estimates of vertical net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and methane. Key findings include confirmation of a basic premise of the historic Everglades restoration project; specifically, more water either from rainfall or water management encourages soil carbon accumulation and thus conservation of soils that support biologic activity and ecosystem services. For example, an anomalous wet season for south Florida that flooded the forested wetlands through the traditional dry season was followed by the most productive year for photosynthetic carbon uptake and potential soil accumulation. On the other hand, methane emissions were enhanced by the anomalous wet season and extended flooding – which confirmed a complex tradeoff to consider if wetlands are managed for both soil conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Potential soil accumulation rates were about 1.7, 2.8, and 18 millimeters per year at the Dwarf Cypress, Cypress Swamp, and Pine Upland ecosystems, assuming soil C density values of 0.07, 0.09, and 0.02 grams of carbon per cubic centimeter, respectively. For these values of soil C density, the accumulation rates are considered a “best-case” upper limit because the lateral export of carbon in the canals and creeks that drain the study area were assumed negligible.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetland carbon and environmental management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781119639305.ch20","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W.B., Anderson, F.E., Sirianni, M., and Daniels, A., 2021, Carbon fluxes and potential soil accumulation within Greater Everglades cypress and pine forested wetlands, chap. 20 of Wetland carbon and environmental management, p. 371-384, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119639305.ch20.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"384","ipdsId":"IP-111043","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GFKJCY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Potential Accumulation of Soil Organic Matter from Carbon Cycling within Greater Everglades Cypress and Pine Forested Wetlands data"},{"id":394397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.1,\n 25.5\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 25.5\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -81.1,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -81.1,\n 25.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830889,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay 0000-0002-7680-377X bshoemak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":215239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barclay","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, Andre 0000-0003-4172-2344 andre_daniels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-2344","contributorId":4031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"Andre","email":"andre_daniels@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sirianni, Matt 0000-0002-6296-0002","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-0002","contributorId":265804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sirianni","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17770,"text":"FAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70220231,"text":"70220231 - 2021 - Modeling the impacts of hydrology and management on carbon balance at the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T17:39:52.92648","indexId":"70220231","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T11:34:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"21","title":"Modeling the impacts of hydrology and management on carbon balance at the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"The impact of drainage on the stability of peatland carbon sinks is well known; however, much less is understood regarding the way active management of the water-table affects carbon balance. In this study, we determined the carbon balance in the Great Dismal Swamp, a large, forested peatland in the southeastern USA, which has been drained for over two hundred years and is now being restored through hydrologic management. We modeled future net ecosystem carbon balance over 100 years (2012 to 2112) using in situ field observations paired with simulations of water-table depth. The three scenarios used in the model were baseline conditions, flooded/wet conditions, and drained/dry conditions, which represent a range of potential management actions and climate conditions at the Great Dismal Swamp. In the Baseline scenario, results show a carbon sink of 0.7 Tg, or an average annual rate of 0.23 Mg C/ha/yr. The Flooded/Wet scenario produced a net ecosystem carbon balance of 4.6 Tg C or an average annual rate of 1.06 Mg C/ha/yr. For the Drained/Dry scenario, under which no management was conducted, and typically dry conditions were assumed, the Great Dismal Swamp becomes a net carbon source at –2.07 Tg C or an average annual rate of –0.38 Mg C/ha/yr.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetland carbon and environmental management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781119639305.ch21","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, R., 2021, Modeling the impacts of hydrology and management on carbon balance at the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA, chap. 21 of Wetland carbon and environmental management, p. 385-402, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119639305.ch21.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"402","ipdsId":"IP-119032","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P970W305","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model parameters and output of net ecosystem carbon balance for the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA"},{"id":396799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Great Dismal Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.57058715820312,\n 36.42017738514984\n ],\n [\n -76.35223388671875,\n 36.42017738514984\n ],\n [\n -76.35223388671875,\n 36.79389010047562\n ],\n [\n -76.57058715820312,\n 36.79389010047562\n ],\n [\n -76.57058715820312,\n 36.42017738514984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837369,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837370,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837371,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel 0000-0003-3477-0436 rsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0436","contributorId":666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel","email":"rsleeter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70225761,"text":"70225761 - 2021 - Land management strategies influence soil organic carbon stocks of prairie potholes of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T13:44:12.062972","indexId":"70225761","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T07:40:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Land management strategies influence soil organic carbon stocks of prairie potholes of North America","docAbstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) wetlands in the central plains of Canada and the United States are highly variable due to natural variation in biota, soils, climate, hydrology, and topography. Land-use history (cropland, grassland) and land-management practices (drainage, restoration) also affect SOC stocks. We conducted a region-wide assessment of wetland SOC stocks using data from the Canadian and US portions of the PPR under various management types. Natural wetlands with no disturbance history in the wetland basin or surrounding catchment had considerably greater average SOC stocks in the upper (0–15 cm) soil profile than wetlands surrounded by cropland. Hydrologically restored wetlands did not show significantly greater SOC stocks than drained wetlands, but wetlands surrounded by restored grasslands did have greater SOC stocks in the upper soil profile than those surrounded by croplands. Similarities among cropped and restored wetlands likely were due to insufficient time since restoration, as well as high variability attributable to several environmental factors within the region. We conclude that avoided loss of natural wetlands from drainage and avoided loss of native grasslands from cropping have the most benefit for preserving wetland SOC stocks. Robust PPR SOC models that incorporate multiple abiotic, biotic, and land-use factors are required to determine where and when restoration is most effective for SOC sequestration.
Despite contributing to healthy diets for billions of people, aquatic foods are often undervalued as a nutritional solution because their diversity is often reduced to the protein and energy value of a single food type (‘seafood’ or ‘fish’)1,2,3,4. Here we create a cohesive model that unites terrestrial foods with nearly 3,000 taxa of aquatic foods to understand the future impact of aquatic foods on human nutrition. We project two plausible futures to 2030: a baseline scenario with moderate growth in aquatic animal-source food (AASF) production, and a high-production scenario with a 15-million-tonne increased supply of AASFs over the business-as-usual scenario in 2030, driven largely by investment and innovation in aquaculture production. By comparing changes in AASF consumption between the scenarios, we elucidate geographic and demographic vulnerabilities and estimate health impacts from diet-related causes. Globally, we find that a high-production scenario will decrease AASF prices by 26% and increase their consumption, thereby reducing the consumption of red and processed meats that can lead to diet-related non-communicable diseases5,6 while also preventing approximately 166 million cases of inadequate micronutrient intake. This finding provides a broad evidentiary basis for policy makers and development stakeholders to capitalize on the potential of aquatic foods to reduce food and nutrition insecurity and tackle malnutrition in all its forms.
Sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) limits the release of methane from marine sediments and promotes the formation of carbonates close to the seafloor in seepage areas along continental margins. It has been established that hydrocarbon seeps are a source of methane, dissolved inorganic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon to marine environments. However, questions remain about the contribution of deep-sourced carbon from hydrocarbon seeps to the sedimentary organic carbon pool. In this study, we analyzed carbon quantity, radiocarbon content (as percent modern carbon, pMC), stable carbon isotopic compositions (as δ13C) of organic matter enclosed within seep carbonates from the Gulf of Mexico and the South China Sea to assess if sediment organic matter may be used as a proxy for methane seepage intensity. The δ13C values of organic matter (δ13Corg) exhibited a large range from −81.4‰ to −23.9‰. Radiocarbon contents of the carbonate-bound organic matter in seep carbonates ranged from 6% to 28% pMC, suggesting organic matter of the carbonates is a mixture of marine particulate organic matter (δ13C = −22‰ VPDB and 90% modern carbon) and biomass resulting from methane oxidation (assumed to have 0% modern carbon). Assuming constant productivity in the marine photic zone, it is proposed that seepage intensity and duration are the most important factors controlling the contribution of methane-derived carbon to the sedimentary column. This study reinforces the potential for using δ13C values of organic carbon to discern methane-rich environments in ancient sedimentary environments where authigenic carbonate is not present and to constrain the record of AOM through Earth history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120572","usgsCitation":"Feng, D., Pohlman, J., Peckmann, J., Sun, Y., Hu, Y., Roberts, H., and Chen, D., 2021, Contribution of deep-sourced carbon from hydrocarbon seeps to sedimentary organic carbon: Evidence from radiocarbon and stable isotope geochemistry: Chemical Geology, v. 585, 120572, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120572.","productDescription":"120572, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128798","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120572","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"585","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Dong","contributorId":268310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Dong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pohlman, John 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":220804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peckmann, Jorn","contributorId":268294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peckmann","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55613,"text":"Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sun, Yuedong","contributorId":268295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Yuedong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55616,"text":"Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hu, Yu","contributorId":268311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Yu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Harry","contributorId":268296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Harry","affiliations":[{"id":55617,"text":"Coastal Studies Institute, College of the Coastal and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, Duofu","contributorId":268297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Duofu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55618,"text":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70227294,"text":"70227294 - 2021 - Developing climate resilience in aridlands using rock detention structures as green infrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T12:46:30.447993","indexId":"70227294","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T06:40:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3504,"text":"Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing climate resilience in aridlands using rock detention structures as green infrastructure","docAbstract":"The potential of ecological restoration and green infrastructure has been long suggested in the literature as adaptation strategies for a changing climate, with an emphasis on revegetation and, more recently, carbon sequestration and stormwater management. Tree planting and “natural” stormwater detention structures such as bioswales, stormwater detention basins, and sediment traps are popular approaches. However, the experimental verification of performance for these investments is scarce and does not address rock detention structures specifically. This 3-year study investigates the infiltration, peak flow mitigation, and microclimate performance of a natural wash stormwater retention installation using one-rock dams in an urban park in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Field data collected during the study do not depict change in the hydrogeomorphology. However, hydrologic modeling, using data collected from the field, portrays decreases in peak flows and increases in infiltration at the treated sites. Additionally, we observe a lengthening of microclimate cooling effects following rainfall events, as compared with the untreated sites. In this urban arid land setting, the prospect that rock detention structures themselves could reduce warming or heat effects is promising.
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,{"id":70225565,"text":"70225565 - 2021 - A new approach to evaluate and reduce uncertainty of model-based biodiversity projections for conservation policy formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-21T16:59:14.411812","indexId":"70225565","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T05:46:29","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach to evaluate and reduce uncertainty of model-based biodiversity projections for conservation policy formulation","docAbstract":"Biodiversity projections with uncertainty estimates under different climate, land-use, and policy scenarios are essential to setting and achieving international targets to mitigate biodiversity loss. Evaluating and improving biodiversity predictions to better inform policy decisions remains a central conservation goal and challenge. A comprehensive strategy to evaluate and reduce uncertainty of model outputs against observed measurements and multiple models would help to produce more robust biodiversity predictions. We propose an approach that integrates biodiversity models and emerging remote sensing and in-situ data streams to evaluate and reduce uncertainty with the goal of improving policy-relevant biodiversity predictions. In this article, we describe a multivariate approach to directly and indirectly evaluate and constrain model uncertainty, demonstrate a proof of concept of this approach, embed the concept within the broader context of model evaluation and scenario analysis for conservation policy, and highlight lessons from other modeling communities.
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,{"id":70269698,"text":"70269698 - 2021 - Integrating satellite thermal imagery and global weather datasets for operational actual evapotranspiration mapping and drought early warning applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T13:59:56.951292","indexId":"70269698","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-12T08:55:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating satellite thermal imagery and global weather datasets for operational actual evapotranspiration mapping and drought early warning applications","docAbstract":"The development and online access to an operational global actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is described. The global ETa is generated using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model with inputs from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature and gridded weather datasets. Global and regional ETa, as well as anomaly graphics and data, are posted at https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/fews at dekadal, monthly, and annual aggregation periods at 1 km spatial resolution since 2003. As part of the convergence of evidence, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) consults these products along with precipitation- and vegetation-derived products for drought monitoring and early warning applications to avert food insecurity crises around the world.
","conferenceTitle":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","conferenceDate":"July 11-16, 2021","conferenceLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553963","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Bohms, S., Young, C., Holen, C.L., Mcelhone, M., Budde, M., and Rowland, J., 2021, Integrating satellite thermal imagery and global weather datasets for operational actual evapotranspiration mapping and drought early warning applications, 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS, v. 2021, Brussels, Belgium, July 11-16, 2021, p. 1769-1772, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553963.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1769","endPage":"1772","ipdsId":"IP-126214","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2021","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohms, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655 sbohms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":3148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohms","given":"Stefanie","email":"sbohms@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Claudia 0000-0002-0859-7206 claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":192363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holen, Cheryl L. 0000-0003-2200-809X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-809X","contributorId":358915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holen","given":"Cheryl","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mcelhone, Maxwell Thomas 0000-0002-3473-733X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-733X","contributorId":358918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcelhone","given":"Maxwell Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Budde, Michael 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":166756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":145846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70226475,"text":"70226475 - 2021 - Disentangling stationary and dynamic estuarine fish habitat to inform conservation: Species-specific responses to physical habitat and water quality in San Francisco Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T13:30:23.292742","indexId":"70226475","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-12T07:27:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disentangling stationary and dynamic estuarine fish habitat to inform conservation: Species-specific responses to physical habitat and water quality in San Francisco Estuary","docAbstract":"Estuaries represent critical aquatic habitat that connects surface water distributed between Earth’s landmasses and oceans. They are dynamic transitional ecosystems, which provide important habitat for fishes and other aquatic organisms. Effective conservation of species inhabiting estuaries requires knowledge of the habitat features that drive their abundance and distribution. We sought to elucidate how stationary (i.e., wetlands, shoals, and channels) and dynamic (i.e., salinity, temperature, turbidity, and chlorophyll concentration) habitat features interact to drive distributions of individual fish species. The Pacific coast of the conterminous United States has over 400 estuaries of various types. The largest (historical surface area) is San Francisco Estuary, California. We conducted extensive field observations of fishes in the central San Francisco Estuary among stationary habitat types (i.e., wetland, shoal, and channel) over a 19-month period encompassing substantial variability in dynamic water quality conditions. Most of the species observed, especially native species of special management interest, were associated with tidal wetland habitat. Few species exhibited associations with water quality conditions driven by seasonal (temperature) or a combination of broad- and fine-scale ecosystem processes (salinity and turbidity). Our study provides (1) an empirical demonstration of how researchers can deal with the complex and dynamic expressions of habitat in estuarine systems to address urgent natural resource problems and (2) a clear demonstration of the urgent need for habitat restoration and its likely outcome in systems such as San Francisco Estuary. Restoration of suitable tidal wetland habitat on the West Coast of the United States is likely to be an effective conservation tool to support estuarine fishes given that over 90% of historical tidal wetland habitat in San Francisco Estuary and 85% of vegetated wetland habitat along the Pacific coast of the United States has been lost due to human modification.
Adult “silver-phase” American Eels Anguilla rostrata were a focus of commercial fisheries in the 1970s and 1980s, but stocks have been depleted due to many anthropogenic factors. One significant source of mortality occurs during the downstream migration of eels when passing through turbines at hydroelectric facilities. We sought to construct a model to predict eel migration timing to inform optimization of mitigation actions that might reduce mortality. We utilized commercial catch collected from 16 tributaries in the Penobscot River watershed, Maine (2–10 years), and the Delaware River, New York (31 years). A Bayesian hierarchical approach was used to model the relationship between the timing of silver eel capture and environmental conditions that are known to be related to their movements (i.e., river discharge, water temperature, and lunar cycle). Among river systems, daily catch was associated with higher-than-average flows, temperatures of 7–22°C, and new lunar phase cycles. A cross-validation approach to evaluate the ability of the models to make predictions for new data demonstrated a greater ability (higher R2 values) to predict weekly eel catch (0.01–0.92) compared to daily eel catch (0.00–0.42). In addition, we examined the model’s ability to forecast migration events by applying posterior simulations to make predictions of eel catch by ordinal date. Predicted daily eel catch generally followed the trend of observed daily catch and was stronger for the Delaware River (R2 = 0.67) than for Souadabscook Stream, Maine (R2 = 0.07). Sharp pulses in observed catch were not reflected by the predicted catch. Additionally, variability observed among rivers suggests that site-specific modeling may be advantageous (and necessary) to capture local conditions, thereby improving predictive power. More broadly, our work highlights a novel use of fishery-dependent data in a Bayesian modeling framework to predict intervals of risk for migrating fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10182","usgsCitation":"Weaver, D., Sigourney, D., Delucia, M., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2021, Characterizing downstream migration timing of American Eels using commercial catch data in the Penobscot and Delaware rivers: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 13, no. 5, p. 534-547, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10182.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"547","ipdsId":"IP-119530","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New York","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River, Penobscot 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\"}}]}","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, Daniel M.","contributorId":349624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weaver","given":"Daniel M.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sigourney, Douglas B.","contributorId":349625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sigourney","given":"Douglas B.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delucia, Mari-Beth","contributorId":349627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delucia","given":"Mari-Beth","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":924523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70225746,"text":"70225746 - 2021 - Earthquake magnitude distributions on northern Caribbean faults from combinatorial optimization models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T14:33:40.970249","indexId":"70225746","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-11T08:25:18","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake magnitude distributions on northern Caribbean faults from combinatorial optimization models","docAbstract":"On-fault earthquake magnitude distributions are calculated for northern Caribbean faults using estimates of fault slip and regional seismicity parameters. Integer programming, a combinatorial optimization method, is used to determine the optimal spatial arrangement of earthquakes sampled from a truncated Gutenberg-Richter distribution that minimizes the global misfit in slip rates on a complex fault system. Slip rates and their uncertainty on major faults are derived from a previously published GPS block model for the region, with fault traces determined from offshore geophysical mapping and previously published onshore studies. The optimal spatial arrangement of the sampled earthquakes is compared with the 500-year history of earthquake observations. Rupture segmentation of the subduction interface along the Hispaniola-Puerto Rico Trench (PRT) fault and seismic coupling on the PRT fault appear to exert the primary control over this spatial arrangement. Introducing a rupture barrier for the Hispaniola-PRT fault northwest of Mona Passage, based on geophysical and seismicity observations, and assigning a low slip rate of 2 mm/yr on the PRT fault are most consistent with historical earthquakes in the region. The addition of low slip-rate secondary faults as well as segmentation of the Hispaniola and Septentrional strike-slip fault improves the consistency with historical seismicity. An important observation from the modeling is that varying the slip rate on the PRT fault and different segmentation scenarios result in significant changes to the optimal magnitude distribution on faults farther away. In general, optimal on-fault magnitude distributions are more complex and inter-dependent than is typically assumed in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis.
The Long Valley Caldera, located at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada range in California, has been in a state of unrest since the late 1970s. Seismic, gravity and geodetic data strongly suggest that the source of unrest is an intrusion beneath the caldera resurgent dome. However, it is not clear yet if the main contribution to the deformation comes from pulses of ascending high-pressure hydrothermal fluids or low viscosity magmatic melts. To characterize the nature of the intrusion, we developed a 3D finite element model which includes topography and crust heterogeneities. We first performed joint numerical inversions of uplift and Electronic Distance Measurement baseline length change data, collected during the period 1985–1999, to infer the deformation-source size, position, and overpressure. Successively, we used this information to refine the source overpressure estimation, compute the gravity potential and infer the intrusion density from the inversion of deformation and gravity data collected in 1982–1998. The deformation source is located beneath the resurgent dome, at a depth of 7.5 ± 0.5 km and a volume change of 0.21 ± 0.04 km3. We assumed a rhyolite compressibility of 0.026 ± 0.0011 GPa−1 (volume fraction of water between 0% and 30%) and estimated a reservoir compressibility of 0.147 ± 0.037 GPa−1. We obtained a density of 1856 ± 72 kg/m3. This density is consistent with a rhyolite melt, with 20% to 30% of dissolved hydrothermal fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13204054","usgsCitation":"Pulvirenti, F., Silverii, F., and Battaglia, M., 2021, A new analysis of caldera unrest through the integration of geophysical data and FEM modeling: The Long Valley caldera case study: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 20, 4054, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204054.","productDescription":"4054, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131938","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204054","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.41589355468749,\n 37.16469418870222\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 37.16469418870222\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -119.41589355468749,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -119.41589355468749,\n 37.16469418870222\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pulvirenti, Fabio","contributorId":241094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulvirenti","given":"Fabio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48203,"text":"JPL/Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silverii, Francesca","contributorId":261713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silverii","given":"Francesca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39558,"text":"Scripps Inst. Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio 0000-0003-4726-5287 mbattaglia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4726-5287","contributorId":204742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","email":"mbattaglia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70267300,"text":"70267300 - 2021 - Differential landscape use by forest owls two years after a mixed-severity wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-20T16:45:11.657817","indexId":"70267300","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential landscape use by forest owls two years after a mixed-severity wildfire","docAbstract":"Owls are important avian predators in forested systems, but little is known about landscape use by most forest-adapted owl species in environments impacted by mixed-severity wildfire. To better understand species-specific patterns of post-wildfire landscape use within an owl guild, we used passive acoustic monitoring using autonomous recording units. The technology is effective for multi-species surveys, especially if some species are rare, nocturnal, or difficult to detect by traditional means. In 2017, we surveyed the interior and adjacent unburned areas of a 10,700-ha mixed-severity wildfire that burned in 2015 in southwest Oregon. We used occupancy modeling to identify patterns of landscape use by five species of forest owls: barred owls (Strix varia), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), western screech-owls (Megascops kennicottii), northern pygmy-owls (Glaucidium gnoma), and northern saw-whet owls (Aegolius acadicus). Our results showed a positive relationship between increasing fire severity and probability of use by western screech-owls and a similar but somewhat weaker relationship for northern pygmy-owls. Barred owls were rarely detected in severely burned areas and their use decreased with increased fire severity. We observed generally low landscape use for great horned owls, which decreased with increased fire severity and at higher elevations. Thus, four out of the five species appeared to use recently burned forests at different levels, with only northern saw-whet owls showing near-complete avoidance of the burned area. These findings increase our understanding of the basic ecology of each species and highlight the varied use of burned areas within this community. These previously undocumented patterns of landscape use in burned landscapes should provide insights to managers and policymakers in the Pacific Northwest as climate shifts, and fires may increase in size, frequency, and severity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3770","usgsCitation":"Leila S. Duchac, Lesmeister, D., Dugger, K., and Davis, R., 2021, Differential landscape use by forest owls two years after a mixed-severity wildfire: Ecosphere, v. 12, no. 10, e03770, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3770.","productDescription":"e03770, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120447","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3770","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains, southwestern Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.15473942336051,\n 42.979349859959285\n ],\n [\n -123.15473942336051,\n 42.74219443185612\n ],\n [\n -122.70304770341082,\n 42.74219443185612\n ],\n [\n -122.70304770341082,\n 42.979349859959285\n ],\n [\n -123.15473942336051,\n 42.979349859959285\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leila S. Duchac","contributorId":355573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leila S. Duchac","affiliations":[{"id":56194,"text":"fs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesmeister, Damon B.","contributorId":355574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesmeister","given":"Damon B.","affiliations":[{"id":56194,"text":"fs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":937669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Raymond J.","contributorId":355575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond J.","affiliations":[{"id":56194,"text":"fs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70227076,"text":"70227076 - 2021 - Patch utilization and flower visitations by wild bees in a honey bee-dominated, grassland landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T14:59:47.048174","indexId":"70227076","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-10T08:53:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patch utilization and flower visitations by wild bees in a honey bee-dominated, grassland landscape","docAbstract":"Understanding habitat needs and patch utilization of wild and managed bees has been identified as a national research priority in the United States. We used occupancy models to investigate patterns of bee use across 1030 transects spanning a gradient of floral resource abundance and richness and distance from apiaries in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States. Estimates of transect use by honey bees were nearly 1.0 during our 3.5-month sampling period, suggesting honey bees were nearly ubiquitous across transects. Wild bees more frequently used transects with higher flower richness and more abundant flowers; however, the effect size of the native flower abundance covariate (![\"urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece38174:ece38174-math-0001\"](\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/1136a98b-c839-4eb1-a29d-07123df8a57d/ece38174-math-0001.png\")
= 3.90 ± 0.65 [1SE]) was four times greater than the non-native flower covariate (![\"urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece38174:ece38174-math-0002\"](\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/fc07a684-9303-4512-922d-def5f5d55032/ece38174-math-0002.png\")
= 0.99 ± 0.17). We found some evidence that wild bee use was lower at transects near commercial apiaries, but the effect size was imprecise (![\"urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece38174:ece38174-math-0003\"](\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/2b3fddec-5b00-412a-86d8-66767b857b90/ece38174-math-0003.png\")
= 1.4 ± 0.81). Honey bees were more frequently detected during sampling events with more non-native flowers and higher species richness but showed an uncertain relationship with native flower abundance. Of the 4039 honey bee and flower interactions, 85% occurred on non-native flowers, while only 43% of the 738 wild bee observations occurred on non-native flowers. Our study suggests wild bees and honey bees routinely use the same resource patches in the PPR but often visit different flowering plants. The greatest potential for resource overlap between honey bees and wild bees appears to be for non-native flowers in the PPR. Our results are valuable to natural resource managers tasked with supporting habitat for managed and wild pollinators in agroecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.8174","usgsCitation":"Otto, C., Bailey, L., and Smart, A.H., 2021, Patch utilization and flower visitations by wild bees in a honey bee-dominated, grassland landscape: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 21, p. 14888-14904, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8174.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"14888","endPage":"14904","ipdsId":"IP-119699","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Potholes Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -95.86669921875,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -97.93212890625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -102.19482421875,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 47.5913464767971\n ],\n [\n -100.65673828125,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -98.50341796875,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -97.5146484375,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.929549935614595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otto, Clint 0000-0002-7582-3525 cotto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-3525","contributorId":5426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Clint","email":"cotto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":229353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smart, Autumn H. 0000-0003-0711-3035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-3035","contributorId":228828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Autumn","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70249430,"text":"70249430 - 2021 - Impact of precipitation and increasing temperatures on drought trends in eastern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-10T11:47:06.220865","indexId":"70249430","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-10T06:43:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17049,"text":"Earth Systems Science Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of precipitation and increasing temperatures on drought trends in eastern Africa","docAbstract":"In eastern Africa droughts can cause crop failure and lead to food insecurity. With increasing temperatures, there is an a priori assumption that droughts are becoming more severe. However, the link between droughts and climate change is not sufficiently understood. Here we investigate trends in long-term agricultural drought and the influence of increasing temperatures and precipitation deficits.
Using a combination of models and observational datasets, we studied trends, spanning the period from 1900 (to approximate pre-industrial conditions) to 2018, for six regions in eastern Africa in four drought-related annually averaged variables: soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, and evaporative demand (E0). In standardized soil moisture data, we found no discernible trends. The strongest influence on soil moisture variability was from precipitation, especially in the drier or water-limited study regions; temperature and E0 did not demonstrate strong relations to soil moisture. However, the error margins on precipitation trend estimates are large and no clear trend is evident, whereas significant positive trends were observed in local temperatures. The trends in E0 are predominantly positive, but we do not find strong relations between E0 and soil moisture trends. Nevertheless, the E0 trend results can still be of interest for irrigation purposes because it is E0 that determines the maximum evaporation rate.
We conclude that until now the impact of increasing local temperatures on agricultural drought in eastern Africa is limited and we recommend that any soil moisture analysis be supplemented by an analysis of precipitation deficit.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/esd-12-17-2021","usgsCitation":"Kew, S.F., Philip, S.Y., Hauser, M., Hobbins, M., Wanders, N., Veldkamp, T., von Oldenburgh, G., van der Wiel, K., Veldkamp, T., Kimutai, J., Funk, C., and Otto, F., 2021, Impact of precipitation and increasing temperatures on drought trends in eastern Africa: Earth Systems Science Dynamics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 17-35, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-17-2021.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-119262","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-17-2021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Eastern Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 29.667968750000483,\n 27.215556209028804\n ],\n [\n 29.667968750000483,\n -11.178401873712374\n ],\n [\n 53.04687500000094,\n -11.178401873712374\n ],\n [\n 53.04687500000094,\n 27.215556209028804\n ],\n [\n 29.667968750000483,\n 27.215556209028804\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kew, Sarah F.","contributorId":330669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kew","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16158,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philip, Sjoukje Y.","contributorId":330686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Philip","given":"Sjoukje","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":78966,"text":"Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauser, Mathias","contributorId":330687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauser","given":"Mathias","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32389,"text":"Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hobbins, Michael","contributorId":127605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbins","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7075,"text":"National Integrated Drought Information System, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wanders, Niko","contributorId":330688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanders","given":"Niko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78968,"text":"Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veldkamp, Ted","contributorId":330689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veldkamp","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78968,"text":"Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"von Oldenburgh, Gert","contributorId":330690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von Oldenburgh","given":"Gert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78969,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van der Wiel, Karin","contributorId":209883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Wiel","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16158,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Veldkamp, Ted I. E.","contributorId":330795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veldkamp","given":"Ted I. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":885889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kimutai, Joyce","contributorId":330796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimutai","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":885890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Otto, Friederike","contributorId":330671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otto","given":"Friederike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78958,"text":"Environmental Change Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70224986,"text":"70224986 - 2021 - Acute oral toxicity and tissue residues of saxitoxin in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T13:18:52.258429","indexId":"70224986","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-09T07:35:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Acute oral toxicity and tissue residues of saxitoxin in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)","title":"Acute oral toxicity and tissue residues of saxitoxin in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)","docAbstract":"Since 2014, widespread, annual mortality events involving multiple species of seabirds have occurred in the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and Chukchi Sea. Among these die-offs, emaciation was a common finding with starvation often identified as the cause of death. However, saxitoxin (STX) was detected in many carcasses, indicating exposure of these seabirds to STX in the marine environment. Few data are available that describe the effects of STX in birds, thus presenting challenges for determining its contributions to specific mortality events. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted an acute oral toxicity trial in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), a common laboratory avian model, using an up-and-down method to estimate the median lethal dose (LD50) for STX. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we tested select tissues from all birds and feces from those individuals that survived initial dosing. Samples with an ELISA result that exceeded approximately 10 µg 100 g−1 STX and randomly selected ELISA negative samples were further tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tissues collected from mallards were also examined grossly at necropsy and then later by microscopy to identify lesions attributable to STX. The estimated LD50 was 167 µg kg−1 (95% CI = 69–275 µg kg−1). Saxitoxin was detected in fecal samples of all mallards tested for up to 48 h after dosing and at the end of the sampling period (7 d) in three birds. In those individuals that died or were euthanized <2 h after dosing, STX was readily detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract but only infrequently in heart, kidney, liver, lung, and breast muscle. No gross or microscopic lesions were observed that could be attributable to STX exposure. Given its acute toxicity, limited detectability, and frequent occurrence in the Alaska marine environment, additional research on STX in seabirds is warranted.