During the past 2 decades, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) has increased in numbers and expanded its range. Early efforts to model grizzly bear mortality were principally focused within the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone, which currently represents only about 61% of known bear distribution in the GYE. A more recent analysis that explored one spatial covariate that encompassed the entire GYE suggested that grizzly bear survival was highest in Yellowstone National Park, followed by areas in the grizzly bear Recovery Zone outside the park, and lowest outside the Recovery Zone. Although management differences within these areas partially explained differences in grizzly bear survival, these simple spatial covariates did not capture site-specific reasons why bears die at higher rates outside the Recovery Zone. Here, we model annual survival of grizzly bears in the GYE to 1) identify landscape features (i.e., foods, land management policies, or human disturbances factors) that best describe spatial heterogeneity among bear mortalities, 2) spatially depict the differences in grizzly bear survival across the GYE, and 3) demonstrate how our spatially explicit model of survival can be linked with demographic parameters to identify source and sink habitats. We used recent data from radiomarked bears to estimate survival (1983–2003) using the known-fate data type in Program MARK. Our top models suggested that survival of independent (age ≥2 yr) grizzly bears was best explained by the level of human development of the landscape within the home ranges of bears. Survival improved as secure habitat and elevation increased but declined as road density, number of homes, and site developments increased. Bears living in areas open to fall ungulate hunting suffered higher rates of mortality than bears living in areas closed to hunting. Our top model strongly supported previous research that identified roads and developed sites as hazards to grizzly bear survival. We also demonstrated that rural homes and ungulate hunting negatively affected survival, both new findings. We illustrate how our survival model, when linked with estimates of reproduction and survival of dependent young, can be used to identify demographically the source and sink habitats in the GYE. Finally, we discuss how this demographic model constitutes one component of a habitat-based framework for grizzly bear conservation. Such a framework can spatially depict the areas of risk in otherwise good habitat, providing a focus for resource management in the GYE.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2009-206","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C.C., Haroldson, M.A., and White, G., 2010, Hazards affecting grizzly bear survival in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 4, p. 654-667, https://doi.org/10.2193/2009-206.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"667","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.03857421875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -109.248046875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -109.248046875,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -112.03857421875,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -112.03857421875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":55950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":839660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":287795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary C.","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230192,"text":"70230192 - 2010 - Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits in Earth history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T15:27:10.820413","indexId":"70230192","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T10:22:17","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits in Earth history","docAbstract":"Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits can be divided into two major subtypes. The first subtype is clastic-dominated lead-zinc (CD Pb-Zn) ores, which are hosted in shale, sandstone, siltstone, or mixed clastic rocks, or occur as carbonate replacement, within a CD sedimentary rock sequence. This subtype includes deposits that have been traditionally referred to as sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits. The CD Pb-Zn deposits occur in passive margins, back-arcs and continental rifts, and sag basins, which are tectonic settings that, in some cases, are transitional into one another. The second subtype of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits is the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT Pb-Zn) that occurs in platform carbonate sequences, typically in passive-margin tectonic settings.
Considering that the redox state of sulfur is one of the major controls on the extraction, transport, and deposition of Pb and Zn at shallow crustal sites, sediment-hosted Pb-Zn ores can be considered a special rock type that recorded the oxygenation of Earth’s hydrosphere. The emergence of CD and MVT deposits in the rock record between 2.02 Ga, the age of the earliest known deposit of these ores, and 1.85 to 1.58 Ga, a major period of CD Pb-Zn mineralization in Australia and India, corresponds to a time after the Great Oxygenation Event that occurred at ca 2.4 to 1.8 Ga. Contributing to the abundance of CD deposits at ca 1.85 to 1.58 Ga was the following: (1) enhanced oxidation of sulfides in the crust that provided sulfate to the hydrosphere and Pb and Zn to sediments; (2) development of major redox and compositional gradients in the oceans; (3) first formation of significant sulfate-bearing evaporites; (4) formation of red beds and oxidized aquifers, possibly containing easily extractable Pb and Zn; (5) evolution of sulfate-reducing bacteria; and (6) formation of large and long-lived basins on stable cratons.
Although MVT and CD deposits appeared for the first time in Earth history at 2.02 Ga, only CD deposits were important repositories for Pb and Zn in sediments between the Great Oxygenation Event, until after the second oxidation of the atmosphere in the late Neoproterozic. Increased oxygenation of the oceans following the second oxidation event led to an abundance of evaporites, resulting oxidized brines, and a dramatic increase in the volume of coarse-grained and permeable carbonates of the Paleozoic carbonate platforms, which host many of the great MVT deposits. The MVT deposits reached their maximum abundance during the final assembly of Pangea from Devonian into the Carboniferous. This was also a time for important CD mineral deposit formation along passive margins in evaporative belts of Pangea. Following the breakup of Pangea, a new era of MVT ores began with the onset of the assembly of the Neosupercontinent.
A significant limitation on interpreting the secular distribution of the deposits is that there is no way to quantitatively evaluate the removal of deposits from the rock record through tectonic recycling. Considering that most of the sedimentary rock record has been recycled, most sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits probably have also been destroyed by subduction and erosion, or modified by metamorphism and tectonism, so that they are no longer recognizable. Thus, the uneven secular distribution of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits reflects the genesis of these deposits, linked to Earth’s evolving tectonic and geochemical systems, as well as an unknown amount of recycling of the sedimentary rock record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.593","usgsCitation":"Leach, D.L., Bradley, D., Huston, D., Pisarevsky, S.A., Taylor, R.D., and Gardoll, S., 2010, Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits in Earth history: Economic Geology, v. 105, no. 3, p. 593-625, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.593.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"625","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, David L 0000-0001-6487-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-5584","contributorId":220733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huston, David","contributorId":261768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huston","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":35920,"text":"Geoscience Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pisarevsky, Sergei A.","contributorId":62315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisarevsky","given":"Sergei","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardoll, S.","contributorId":94820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardoll","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70230289,"text":"70230289 - 2010 - Displaying seismic deaggregation: The importance of the various sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:13:19.664095","indexId":"70230289","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T09:51:50","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Displaying seismic deaggregation: The importance of the various sources","docAbstract":"Seismic hazard deaggregation has become a standard part of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). The first product of PSHA is calculation of the likely severity of ground motion at a given range of annual probability levels, and this is extremely important for seismic design of structures to be built at the site under examination. However, for full analysis of proposed structural designs, engineers also need to examine scenario events to produce detailed time histories. To select such scenarios, a deaggregation of the hazard is performed, whereby the details of sources that contribute to the annual frequency of exceeding specified levels of ground motion, or Pexc, are identified. A common format for such a deaggregation is shown in Figure 1. This relates to the 475-year peak ground acceleration (pga) at Wellington, New Zealand (41.28°S 174.77°E), and shows the distribution in magnitude and distance of sources that contribute to Pexc. Return period is approximately the reciprocal of Pexc. Stiff soil site conditions (Standards New Zealand 2004) were assumed.
The analysis in Figure 1 used the interim version of the updated seismic hazard model for New Zealand (Stirling et al. 2007), with the attenuation function developed by McVerry et al. (2007). Based on a Poisson time dependence model, a return period of 475 years corresponds to a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years.
From Figure 1, it is apparent that for this site the main contribution to ground motion of this severity is from earthquakes of magnitude about 7.6 less than 10 km from the site (blue), and there is another strong contribution from larger events in the distance range 10 to 20 km (red). These correspond to the Wellington and Wairarapa faults, respectively (see Table 1). There are other events less than 10 km from the site and small contributions from other sources. At this site the major contributions are from specific faults nearby, which are readily identified. At sites where there is significant background seismicity, however, the plot will be much more complicated and not so easy to interpret.
Figure 1 deaggregates probabilistic pga at the site; other parameters are also commonly deaggregated in the same way, in particular response spectral acceleration at a variety of natural periods. But the figure has a major shortcoming in that it represents only one return period; to obtain a full appreciation of the various contributing sources it is necessary to perform a succession of analyses to cover the full range of return periods.
The movement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through boreal ecosystems has drawn increased attention because of its potential impact on the feedback of OC stocks to global environmental change in this region. Few models of boreal DOC exist. Here we present a one-dimensional model with simultaneous production, decomposition, sorption/desorption, and transport of DOC to describe the behavior of DOC in the OC layers above the mineral soils. The field-observed concentration profiles of DOC in two moderately well-drained black spruce forest sites (one with permafrost and one without permafrost), coupled with hourly measured soil temperature and moisture, were used to inversely estimate the unknown parameters associated with the sorption/desorption kinetics using a global optimization strategy. The model, along with the estimated parameters, reasonably reproduces the concentration profiles of DOC and highlights some important potential controls over DOC production and cycling in boreal settings. The values of estimated parameters suggest that humic OC has a larger potential production capacity for DOC than fine OC, and most of the DOC produced from fine OC was associated with instantaneous sorption/desorption whereas most of the DOC produced from humic OC was associated with time-dependent sorption/desorption. The simulated DOC efflux at the bottom of soil OC layers was highly dependent on the component and structure of the OC layers. The DOC efflux was controlled by advection at the site with no humic OC and moist conditions and controlled by diffusion at the site with the presence of humic OC and dry conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.","doi":"10.1097/SS.0b013e3181e0559a","usgsCitation":"Fan, Z., Neff, J.C., and Wickland, K.P., 2010, Modeling the production, decomposition, and transport of dissolved organic carbon in boreal soils: Soil Science, v. 175, no. 5, p. 223-232, https://doi.org/10.1097/SS.0b013e3181e0559a.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"232","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015251","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"175","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65e2e4b07e28b6684868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, Zhaosheng","contributorId":169418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fan","given":"Zhaosheng","affiliations":[{"id":25481,"text":"Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, Jason C.","contributorId":169417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25504,"text":"Univ. of Colorado, Coulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209979,"text":"70209979 - 2010 - Holocene stratigraphy and chronology of the Casper Dune Field, Casper, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T17:58:02.635462","indexId":"70209979","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-20T12:52:34","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene stratigraphy and chronology of the Casper Dune Field, Casper, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"Activation chronologies of dune fields within the North American Great Plains are significant sources of paleoclimate information. Although many regional chronologies exist, several dune fields have been understudied, including the Casper Dune Field of central Wyoming. This study investigated aeolian dune sediment and buried soils of the Casper Dune Field. Complex parabolic and hairpin parabolic dunes dominate the eastern dune field, while simple parabolic and linear dunes dominate the western dune field. Buried soils are found throughout the dune field, though their distribution and degree of development varies. Buried soils in the eastern dune field are weakly developed with typical A-C profiles, whereas soils in the western dune field typically exhibit A-Bt-C profiles. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon ages were used to provide a chronology of dune field activation that spans most of the Holocene. At the onset of the Holocene, alluvium was deposited first, followed by widespread dune activity ~ 10.0—6.2 ka. Following activity, the dune field stabilized until about 4.1 ka. During this stabilization period, however, reactivation occurred in at least one locality within the dune field at 5.1 ka. Subsequent aeolian activity occurred at 4.1 ka and between 1.0 ka and 0.4 ka. The resulting activation chronology is compared with those obtained from elsewhere in Wyoming and from other west-central Great Plains dune fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1177/0959683610362812","usgsCitation":"Halfen, A.F., Fredlund, G.G., and Mahan, S.A., 2010, Holocene stratigraphy and chronology of the Casper Dune Field, Casper, Wyoming, USA: Holocene, v. 20, no. 5, p. 773-783, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610362812.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"783","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Caspar","otherGeospatial":"Caspar Dune Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.028564453125,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -104.1888427734375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -104.1888427734375,\n 43.92559366355069\n ],\n [\n -108.028564453125,\n 43.92559366355069\n ],\n [\n -108.028564453125,\n 42.71473218539458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halfen, Alan F.","contributorId":224604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halfen","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fredlund, G. G.","contributorId":53568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredlund","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198319,"text":"70198319 - 2010 - Contamination of basaltic lava by seawater: Evidence found in a lava pillar from Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:44:49","indexId":"70198319","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-16T10:07:35","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contamination of basaltic lava by seawater: Evidence found in a lava pillar from Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"A lava pillar formed during the 1998 eruption at Axial Seamount exhibits compositional and textural evidence for contamination by seawater under magmatic conditions. Glass immediately adjacent to anastomosing microfractures within 1 cm of the inner pillar wall is oxidized and significantly enriched in Na and Cl and depleted in Fe and K with respect to that in glassy selvages from the unaffected outer pillar wall. The affected glass contains up to 1 wt % Cl and is enriched by ∼2 wt % Na2O relative to unaffected glass, consistent with a nearly 1:1 (molar) incorporation of NaCl. Glass bordering the Cl‐enriched glass in the inner pillar wall is depleted in Na but enriched in K. The presence of tiny (<10 μm) grains of Cu‐Fe sulfides and Fe sulfides as well as elemental Ni, Ag, and Au in the Na‐depleted, K‐enriched glass of the inner pillar wall implies significant reduction of this glass, presumably by hydrogen generated during seawater contamination and oxidation of lava adjacent to microfractures. We interpret the compositional anomalies we see in the glass of the interior pillar wall as caused by rapid incorporation of seawater into the still‐molten lava during pillar growth, probably on the time scale of seconds to minutes. Only one of seven examined lava pillars shows this effect, and we interpret that seawater has to be trapped in contact with molten lava (inside the lava pillar, in this case) to produce the effects we see. Thus, under the right conditions, seawater contamination of lavas during submarine eruptions is one means by which the oceanic crust can sequester Cl during its global flux cycle. However, since very few recent lava flows have been examined in similar detail, the global significance of this process in effecting Earth's Cl budget remains uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GC003009","usgsCitation":"Schiffman, P., Zierenberg, R.A., Chadwick, W.W., Clague, D.A., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2010, Contamination of basaltic lava by seawater: Evidence found in a lava pillar from Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 11, no. 4, Q04004; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC003009.","productDescription":"Q04004; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gc003009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130,\n 45.9\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -130.1,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -130.1,\n 45.9\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 45.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b794e4b0702d0e844eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffman, Peter","contributorId":40119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffman","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chadwick, William W","contributorId":172468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98308,"text":"ofr20101067 - 2010 - Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-11T07:38:28","indexId":"ofr20101067","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1067","title":"Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti","docAbstract":"In response to the urgent need for earthquake-hazard information after the tragic disaster caused by the moment magnitude (M) 7.0 January 12, 2010, earthquake, we have constructed initial probabilistic seismic hazard maps for Haiti. These maps are based on the current information we have on fault slip rates and historical and instrumental seismicity. These initial maps will be revised and improved as more data become available. In the short term, more extensive logic trees will be developed to better capture the uncertainty in key parameters. In the longer term, we will incorporate new information on fault parameters and previous large earthquakes obtained from geologic fieldwork. These seismic hazard maps are important for the management of the current crisis and the development of building codes and standards for the rebuilding effort.\r\n\r\nThe boundary between the Caribbean and North American Plates in the Hispaniola region is a complex zone of deformation. The highly oblique ~20 mm/yr convergence between the two plates (DeMets and others, 2000) is partitioned between subduction zones off of the northern and southeastern coasts of Hispaniola and strike-slip faults that transect the northern and southern portions of the island. There are also thrust faults within the island that reflect the compressional component of motion caused by the geometry of the plate boundary.\r\n\r\nWe follow the general methodology developed for the 1996 U.S. national seismic hazard maps and also as implemented in the 2002 and 2008 updates. This procedure consists of adding the seismic hazard calculated from crustal faults, subduction zones, and spatially smoothed seismicity for shallow earthquakes and Wadati-Benioff-zone earthquakes. Each one of these source classes will be described below. The lack of information on faults in Haiti requires many assumptions to be made. These assumptions will need to be revisited and reevaluated as more fieldwork and research are accomplished.\r\n\r\nWe made two sets of maps using different assumptions about site conditions. One set of maps is for a firm-rock site condition (30-m averaged shear-wave velocity, Vs30, of 760 m/s). We also developed hazard maps that contain site amplification based on a grid of Vs30 values estimated from topographic slope. These maps take into account amplification from soils.\r\n\r\nWe stress that these new maps are designed to quantify the hazard for Haiti; they do not consider all the sources of earthquake hazard that affect the Dominican Republic and therefore should not be considered as complete hazard maps for eastern Hispaniola. For example, we have not included hazard from earthquakes in the Mona Passage nor from large earthquakes on the subduction zone interface north of Puerto Rico. Furthermore, they do not capture all the earthquake hazards for eastern Cuba.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101067","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Harmsen, S., Mueller, C., Calais, E., and Haase, J., 2010, Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1067, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101067.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":235,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program - Northern California","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1067.jpg"},{"id":13561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,16 ], [ -75,21 ], [ -68,21 ], [ -68,16 ], [ -75,16 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen","contributorId":95977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Charles","contributorId":57178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calais, Eric","contributorId":98838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calais","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haase, Jennifer","contributorId":55932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230247,"text":"70230247 - 2010 - Dissolution-reprecipitation of igneous zircon in mid-ocean ridge gabbro, Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:19:54.106759","indexId":"70230247","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-02T11:46:48","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolution-reprecipitation of igneous zircon in mid-ocean ridge gabbro, Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge","docAbstract":"Zircons recovered from oceanic gabbro exposed on Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge, typically display oscillatory and sector zoning consistent with igneous crystallization from mafic magmas. In one rock (of twenty investigated), weak-oscillatory-zonation patterns are overprinted by secondary textural features characterized by mottled, convoluted and wavy internal zonation patterns that are frequently associated with secondary micron- to submicron-scale micro-porosity. These zircons are hosted in a felsic vein that intruded an oxide gabbro, both of which are cross-cut by monomineralic amphibole- and quartz-rich veinlets. Zircons with weak-oscillatory-zonation patterns record a weighted-average 206Pb/238U age of 12.76 ± 0.20 Ma (mswd = 1.5), and have high trace element concentrations [e.g., ΣREEs (∼ 0.4–2.2 wt.%), Y (∼ 0.6–2.8 wt.%), P (∼ 0.4–0.9 wt.%)], and Th/U (0.1–0.5). These zircons are anomalously old (≥1 Myr) relative to the magnetic age for this portion of oceanic crust (11.75 Ma). In contrast, zircons with non-igneous, secondary textures have a younger weighted-average 206Pb/238U age of 12.00 ± 0.16 Ma (mswd = 1.7), and have lower trace element concentrations [e.g., ΣREEs (∼ 0.2–0.8 wt.%), Y (∼ 0.3–1.0 wt.%), P (∼ 0.1–0.3 wt.%)], and slightly lower Th/U (0.1–0.3). The weighted-average age of these zircons is similar to the magnetic anomaly age, and other 206Pb/238U ages of nearby rocks. We do not observe a correlation between crystallographic misorientation, internal texture, or trace element chemistry. We suggest that the decrease in trace element concentrations associated with the development of non-igneous alteration textures is attributed to the purging of non-essential structural constituent cations from the zircon crystal lattice at amphibolite-facies conditions. The mechanism of alteration/re-equilibration was likely an interface-coupled dissolution–reprecipitation processes that affected pre-existing, anomalously old zircons during shallow-level magmatic construction of Atlantis Bank at ∼ 12.0 Ma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.03.017","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, J., John, B.E., Cheadle, M.J., Wooden, J., Mazdab, F., Swapp, S., and Grimes, C.B., 2010, Dissolution-reprecipitation of igneous zircon in mid-ocean ridge gabbro, Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge: Chemical Geology, v. 274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.03.017.","productDescription":"14 p.","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantis Bank, Indian Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 57,\n -33\n ],\n [\n 57.5,\n -33\n ],\n [\n 57.5,\n -32\n ],\n [\n 57,\n -32\n ],\n [\n 57,\n -33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"274","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, J.","contributorId":37530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, Barbara E 0000-0002-7518-8736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-8736","contributorId":207192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"John","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheadle, Michael J.","contributorId":68945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheadle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazdab, F.","contributorId":60453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swapp, Susan","contributorId":289713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swapp","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70236359,"text":"70236359 - 2010 - Ferromanganese crusts as archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T19:58:38.3022","indexId":"70236359","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T14:49:32","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ferromanganese crusts as archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions","docAbstract":"The geochemistry of Cd in seawater has attracted significant attention owing to the nutrient-like properties of this element. Recent culturing studies have demonstrated that Cd is a biologically important trace metal that plays a role in the sequestration of inorganic carbon. This conclusion is supported by recent isotope data for Cd dissolved in seawater and incorporated in cultured phytoplankton. These results show that plankton features isotopically light Cd while Cd-depleted surface waters typically exhibit complimentary heavy Cd isotope compositions. Seawater samples from below 900 m depth display a uniform and intermediate isotope composition of ε114/110Cd = +3.3 ± 0.5. This study investigates whether ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are robust archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions. To this end, Cd isotope data were obtained for the recent growth surfaces of 15 Fe-Mn crusts from the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern oceans and two USGS Fe-Mn reference nodules using double spike multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Fe-Mn crusts yield a mean ε114/110Cd of +3.2 ± 0.4 (2 SE, n = 14). Data for all but one of the samples are identical, within the analytical uncertainty of ±1.1ε114/110Cd (2 SD), to the mean deep water Cd isotope value. This indicates that Fe-Mn crusts record seawater Cd isotope compositions without significant isotope fractionation. A single sample from the Southern Ocean exhibits a light Cd isotope composition of ε114/110Cd = 0.2 ± 1.1. The origin of this signature is unclear, but it may reflect variations in deep water Cd isotope compositions related to differences in surface water Cd utilization or long-term changes in seawater ε114/110Cd. The results suggest that time series analyses of Fe-Mn crusts may be utilized to study changes in marine Cd utilization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002987","usgsCitation":"Horner, T.J., Schonbachler, M., Rehkämper, M., Nielsen, S., Williams, H., Halliday, A.N., Xue, Z.G., and Hein, J.R., 2010, Ferromanganese crusts as archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 11, no. 4, Q04001, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002987.","productDescription":"Q04001, 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horner, T. J.","contributorId":296144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horner","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7115,"text":"Imperial College of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schonbachler, M.","contributorId":296145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schonbachler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7115,"text":"Imperial College of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rehkämper, M.","contributorId":296146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rehkämper","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7115,"text":"Imperial College of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, S.G.","contributorId":49171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, H.","contributorId":51486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Xue, Z. George","contributorId":347342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xue","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70236414,"text":"70236414 - 2010 - Reply to “Comment on ‘Is There a Basis for Preferring Characteristic Earthquakes over a Gutenberg–Richter Distribution in Probabilistic Earthquake Forecasting?’ by Tom Parsons and Eric L. Geist” by Jens-Uwe Klügel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T15:58:18.301012","indexId":"70236414","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T10:49:51","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to “Comment on ‘Is There a Basis for Preferring Characteristic Earthquakes over a Gutenberg–Richter Distribution in Probabilistic Earthquake Forecasting?’ by Tom Parsons and Eric L. Geist” by Jens-Uwe Klügel","docAbstract":"The focus of Parsons and Geist (2009) was to test whether the key observational data used in earthquake forecasting necessitate a characteristic earthquake rupture model. The point of our article was not to suggest that a specific form of the Gutenberg–Richter earthquake distribution is a perfect representation of reality. The uncertainties surrounding event slip estimates, paleoseismic event rates, and observed a and b values in catalog magnitude–frequency distributions are broad. So broad, in fact, that giving full weight to just one model of earthquake rupture behavior in formal forecasting is unjustified. Further, the characteristic earthquake model requires definition of rupture segments, which introduces a series of unquantifiable uncertainties that are seldom addressed in forecasts (e.g., Field et al., 2009).
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120090327","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., and Geist, E.L., 2010, Reply to “Comment on ‘Is There a Basis for Preferring Characteristic Earthquakes over a Gutenberg–Richter Distribution in Probabilistic Earthquake Forecasting?’ by Tom Parsons and Eric L. Geist” by Jens-Uwe Klügel: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 100, no. 2, p. 898-899, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090327.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"898","endPage":"899","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174871,"text":"70174871 - 2010 - Measuring bulrush culm relationships to estimate plant biomass within a southern California treatment wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:08:50","indexId":"70174871","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring bulrush culm relationships to estimate plant biomass within a southern California treatment wetland","docAbstract":"Assessment of emergent vegetation biomass can be time consuming and labor intensive. To establish a less onerous, yet accurate method, for determining emergent plant biomass than by direct measurements we collected vegetation data over a six-year period and modeled biomass using easily obtained variables: culm (stem) diameter, culm height and culm density. From 1998 through 2005, we collected emergent vegetation samples (Schoenoplectus californicus andSchoenoplectus acutus) at a constructed treatment wetland in San Jacinto, California during spring and fall. Various statistical models were run on the data to determine the strongest relationships. We found that the nonlinear relationship: CB=β0DHβ110ε, where CB was dry culm biomass (g m−2), DH was density of culms × average height of culms in a plot, and β0 and β1 were parameters to estimate, proved to be the best fit for predicting dried-live above-ground biomass of the two Schoenoplectus species. The random error distribution, ε, was either assumed to be normally distributed for mean regression estimates or assumed to be an unspecified continuous distribution for quantile regression estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0018-x","usgsCitation":"Daniels, J.S., Cade, B.S., and Sartoris, J.J., 2010, Measuring bulrush culm relationships to estimate plant biomass within a southern California treatment wetland: Wetlands, v. 30, no. 2, p. 231-239, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0018-x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"239","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014301","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578f4f2ee4b0ad6235cf0028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, Joan S.","contributorId":172997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniels","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sartoris, James J.","contributorId":98018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoris","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176782,"text":"70176782 - 2010 - Climate-induced tree mortality: Earth system consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:57:54","indexId":"70176782","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced tree mortality: Earth system consequences","docAbstract":"One of the greatest uncertainties in global environmental change is predicting changes in feedbacks between the biosphere and the Earth system. Terrestrial ecosystems and, in particular, forests exert strong controls on the global carbon cycle and influence regional hydrology and climatology directly through water and surface energy budgets [Bonan, 2008; Chapin et al., 2008].
According to new research, tree mortality associated with elevated temperatures and drought has the potential to rapidly alter forest ecosystems, potentially affecting feedbacks to the Earth system [Allen et al., 2010]. Several lines of recent research demonstrate how tree mortality rates in forests may be sensitive to climate change—particularly warming and drying. This emerging consequence of global change has important effects on Earth system processes (Figure 1).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010EO170003","usgsCitation":"Adams, H., Macalady, A.K., Breshears, D.D., Allen, C.D., Stephenson, N.L., Saleska, S., Huxman, T.E., and McDowell, N., 2010, Climate-induced tree mortality: Earth system consequences: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 91, no. 17, p. 153-154, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010EO170003.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"154","ipdsId":"IP-018207","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8151e4b0824b2d1480b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Henry D.","contributorId":105619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Henry D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macalady, Alison K.","contributorId":69855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saleska, Scott","contributorId":139485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleska","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huxman, Travis E.","contributorId":53898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McDowell, Nathan G.","contributorId":9176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nathan G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156094,"text":"70156094 - 2010 - Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T12:27:10","indexId":"70156094","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams","docAbstract":"1. Water abstraction strongly affects streams in arid and semiarid ecosystems, particularly where there is a Mediterranean climate. Excessive abstraction reduces the availability of water for human uses downstream and impairs the capacity of streams to support native biota.
\n2. We investigated the flow regime and related variables in six river basins of the Iberian Peninsula and show that they have been strongly altered, with declining flows (autoregressive models) and groundwater levels during the 20th century. These streams had lower flows and more frequent droughts than predicted by the official hydrological model used in this region. Three of these rivers were sometimes dry, whereas there were predicted by the model to be permanently flowing. Meanwhile, there has been no decrease in annual precipitation.
\n3. We also investigated the fish assemblage of a stream in one of these river basins (Tordera) for 6 years and show that sites more affected by water abstraction display significant differences in four fish metrics (catch per unit effort, number of benthic species, number of intolerant species and proportional abundance of intolerant individuals) commonly used to assess the biotic condition of streams.
\n4. We discuss the utility of these metrics in assessing impacts of water abstraction and point out the need for detailed characterisation of the natural flow regime (and hence drought events) prior to the application of biotic indices in streams severely affected by water abstraction. In particular, in cases of artificially dry streams, it is more appropriate for regulatory agencies to assign index scores that reflect biotic degradation than to assign ‘missing’ scores, as is presently customary in assessments of Iberian streams.
\nBaits containing recombinant raccoon poxvirus (RCN) expressing plague antigens (fraction 1 [F1] and a truncated form of the V protein-V307) were offered for voluntary consumption several times over the course of several months to a group of 16 black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). For comparison, another group of prairie dogs (n = 12) was injected subcutaneously (SC) (prime and boost) with 40 μg of F1-V fusion protein absorbed to alum, a vaccine-adjuvant combination demonstrated to elicit immunity to plague in mice and other mammals. Control animals received baits containing RCN without the inserted antigen (n = 8) or injected diluent (n = 7), and as there was no difference in their survival rates by Kaplan–Meier analysis, all of them were combined into one group in the final analysis. Mean antibody titers to Yersinia pestis F1 and V antigen increased (p < 0.05) in the vaccinated groups compared to controls, but titers were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in those receiving injections of F1-V fusion protein than in those orally vaccinated with RCN-based vaccine. Interestingly, upon challenge with approximately 70,000 cfu of virulent Y. pestis, oral vaccination resulted in survival rates that were significantly higher (p = 0.025) than the group vaccinated by injection with F1-V fusion protein and substantially higher (p < 0.0001) than the control group. These results demonstrate that oral vaccination of prairie dogs using RCN-based plague vaccines provides significant protection against challenge at dosages that simulate simultaneous delivery of the plague bacterium by numerous flea bites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2009.0050","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T.E., Pussini, N., Smith, S., Williamson, J.L., Powell, B., and Osorio, J.E., 2010, Consumption of baits containing raccoon pox-based plague vaccines protects black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus): Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, v. 10, no. 1, p. 51-58, https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2009.0050.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pussini, Nicola","contributorId":85889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pussini","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Susan 0000-0001-6478-5028 susansmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-5028","contributorId":139497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Susan","email":"susansmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":759089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williamson, Judy L. 0000-0001-7110-1632 jwilliamson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-1632","contributorId":3647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Judy","email":"jwilliamson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, Bradford","contributorId":7410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Bradford","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":174759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204952,"text":"70204952 - 2010 - Invasion and production of New Zealand mud snails in the Colorado River, Glen Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T13:51:49","indexId":"70204952","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-30T13:27:17","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasion and production of New Zealand mud snails in the Colorado River, Glen Canyon","docAbstract":"Species invasions are often associated with large-scale human alteration of ecosystems. One classic example is the increasing dominance of non-native taxa below and above dams on large rivers. These dams substantially alter the physical template of river ecosystems, and exotic taxa often proliferate with potentially large impacts on coexisting taxa and ecosystem processes. Here we document the invasion of New Zealand mud snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) in the Colorado River directly below Lake Powell in Glen Canyon, Arizona, USA. We also quantified the magnitude and variability in growth and secondary production of P. antipodarum during 2006–2007 to gain a functional measure of their role in the ecosystem. Snails were first detected in Glen Canyon in 1995, and have since become a dominant component of the invertebrate fauna. Throughout the invasion of P. antipodarum, biomass of other dominant taxa was variable and did not appear to be positively or negatively influenced by the presence of P. antipodarum. Specific growth rates of P. antipodarum were moderate (0.001–0.030 day−1) and strongly related to body size. Mean annual habitat-weighted biomass and production were relatively high (biomass: 4.4 g/m2; secondary production: 13.3 g m−2 year−1) and similar among habitats. Mean monthly biomass and daily secondary production were much more variable, with highest values occurring in autumn. We show that invasion of a productive aquatic consumer to a highly disturbed river ecosystem had little detectable influence on the biomass of other invertebrate taxa. However, additional research will be necessary to fully understand and predict effects of P. antipodarum on coexisting taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-010-9694-y","usgsCitation":"Cross, W.F., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, Behn, K.E., Kennedy, T.A., Hall, R.O., Fuller, A.E., and Baxter, C.V., 2010, Invasion and production of New Zealand mud snails in the Colorado River, Glen Canyon: Biological Invasions, v. 12, p. 3033-3043, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9694-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3033","endPage":"3043","costCenters":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Glen Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.61199569702147,\n 36.855449936136495\n ],\n [\n -111.60701751708984,\n 36.84542235844878\n ],\n [\n -111.58641815185547,\n 36.860806596104624\n ],\n [\n -111.57388687133789,\n 36.836217807706035\n ],\n [\n -111.53852462768555,\n 36.84226271217676\n ],\n [\n -111.5357780456543,\n 36.8510544475565\n ],\n [\n -111.5606689453125,\n 36.87096948294452\n ],\n [\n -111.55105590820312,\n 36.86945886908651\n ],\n [\n -111.53869628906249,\n 36.875775782851\n ],\n [\n -111.51844024658203,\n 36.87316668614118\n ],\n [\n -111.50968551635742,\n 36.88016984953669\n ],\n [\n -111.51329040527344,\n 36.886485877468054\n ],\n [\n -111.52427673339844,\n 36.888819929485535\n ],\n [\n -111.52050018310547,\n 36.89321324558284\n ],\n [\n -111.52015686035156,\n 36.898292702118674\n ],\n [\n -111.50075912475586,\n 36.898567257706354\n ],\n [\n -111.49801254272461,\n 36.90021457048955\n ],\n [\n -111.49681091308594,\n 36.91339179255025\n ],\n [\n -111.49063110351561,\n 36.915176033061535\n ],\n [\n -111.48204803466797,\n 36.91956783187691\n ],\n [\n -111.47741317749023,\n 36.926155055871995\n ],\n [\n -111.47638320922852,\n 36.929997340388006\n ],\n [\n -111.48015975952147,\n 36.936446454024114\n ],\n [\n -111.48771286010741,\n 36.93438828555439\n ],\n [\n -111.48427963256836,\n 36.928625118149235\n ],\n [\n -111.49080276489258,\n 36.92121469122741\n ],\n [\n -111.5035057067871,\n 36.918058179561115\n ],\n [\n -111.50299072265625,\n 36.90543082637056\n ],\n [\n -111.50522232055664,\n 36.904058162027646\n ],\n [\n -111.52410507202148,\n 36.903509089375774\n ],\n [\n -111.52976989746092,\n 36.893762392316596\n ],\n [\n -111.53217315673828,\n 36.887858857884986\n ],\n [\n -111.53148651123047,\n 36.88360253822406\n ],\n [\n -111.51998519897461,\n 36.880444470310294\n ],\n [\n -111.53474807739256,\n 36.88236678807325\n ],\n [\n -111.55088424682617,\n 36.878934043834306\n ],\n [\n -111.55294418334961,\n 36.87605041942542\n ],\n [\n -111.56599044799803,\n 36.877148955847844\n ],\n [\n -111.57302856445312,\n 36.87302936279296\n ],\n [\n -111.54848098754883,\n 36.84816977081983\n ],\n [\n -111.54916763305663,\n 36.84597184882088\n ],\n [\n -111.55929565429688,\n 36.84816977081983\n ],\n [\n -111.566162109375,\n 36.84624659252608\n ],\n [\n -111.57440185546875,\n 36.86382813609629\n ],\n [\n -111.58143997192381,\n 36.869596198853394\n ],\n [\n -111.59088134765625,\n 36.86863488530103\n ],\n [\n -111.61199569702147,\n 36.855449936136495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Wyatt F.","contributorId":70881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Wyatt","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"E.J. Rosi-Marshall","contributorId":141018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"E.J. Rosi-Marshall","affiliations":[{"id":13654,"text":"Institute of Ecosystem Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Behn, Katherine E.","contributorId":35033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behn","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629 tkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":167537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore","email":"tkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, Robert O","contributorId":198078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuller, A. Elizabeth","contributorId":218434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baxter, C. V.","contributorId":62853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70207714,"text":"70207714 - 2010 - Teachers guide to geologic trails in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pennsylvania–New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T15:24:25.629771","indexId":"70207714","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-07T14:06:18","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Teachers guide to geologic trails in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pennsylvania–New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA) contains a rich geologic and cultural history within its 68,714 acre boundary. Following the border between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, the Delaware River has cut a magnificent gorge through Kittatinny Mountain, the Delaware Water Gap, to which all other gaps in the Appalachian Mountains have been compared. Proximity to many institutions of learning in this densely populated area of the northeastern United States (Fig. 1) makes DEWA an ideal locality to study the geology of this part of the Appalachian Mountains. This one-day field trip comprises an overview discussion of structure, stratigraphy, geomorphology, and glacial geology within the gap. It will be highlighted by hiking a choice of several trails with geologic guides, ranging from gentle to difficult. It is hoped that the “professional” discussions at the stops, loaded with typical geologic jargon, can be translated into simple language that can be understood and assimilated by earth science students along the trails. This trip is mainly targeted for earth science educators and for Pennsylvania geologists needing to meet state-mandated education requirements for licensing professional geologists. The National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, the New Jersey Geological Survey, and local schoolteachers had prepared “The Many Faces of Delaware Water Gap: A Curriculum Guide for Grades 3–6” (Ferrence et al., 2003). Copies of this guide will be given to trip participants and can be downloaded from the GSA Data Repository1. The trip will also be useful for instruction at the graduate level. Much of the information presented in this guidebook is modified from Epstein (2006).
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/2010.0016(06)","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., 2010, Teachers guide to geologic trails in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pennsylvania–New Jersey: GSA Field Guides, v. 16, p. 127-147, https://doi.org/10.1130/2010.0016(06).","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -74.542236328125,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -74.542236328125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.17038447781618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047181,"text":"70047181 - 2010 - To reactivate or not to reactivate: nature and varied behavior of structural inheritance in the Proterozoic basement of the Eastern Colorado mineral belt over 1.7 billion years of earth history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T09:54:44","indexId":"70047181","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T16:11:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"To reactivate or not to reactivate: nature and varied behavior of structural inheritance in the Proterozoic basement of the Eastern Colorado mineral belt over 1.7 billion years of earth history","docAbstract":"The eastern central Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado has long been a region of geologic interest because of Laramide-age hydrothermal polymetallic vein-related ores. The region is characterized by a well-exposed array of geologic structures associated with ductile and brittle deformation, which record crustal strain over 1.7 billion years of continental growth and evolution. The mineralized areas lie along a broad linear zone termed the Colorado Mineral Belt. This lineament has commonly been interpreted as following a fundamental boundary, such as a suture zone, in the North American Proterozoic crust that acted as a persistent zone of weakness localizing the emplacement of magmas and associated hydrothermal fluid flow. However, the details on the controls of the location, orientation, kinematics, density, permeability, and relative strength of various geological structures and their specific relationships to mineral deposit formation are not related to Proterozoic ancestry in a simple manner. The objectives of this field trip are to show key localities typical of the various types of structures present, show recently compiled and new data, offer alternative conceptual models, and foster dialogue. Topics to be discussed include: (1) structural history of the eastern Front Range; (2) characteristics, kinematics, orientations, and age of ductile and brittle structures and how they may or may not relate to one another and mineral deposit permeability; and (3) characteristics, localization, and evolution of the metal and non–metal-bearing hydrothermal systems in the eastern Colorado Mineral Belt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Field Guides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2010.0018(06)","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., Ridley, J., and Wessel, Z.R., 2010, To reactivate or not to reactivate: nature and varied behavior of structural inheritance in the Proterozoic basement of the Eastern Colorado mineral belt over 1.7 billion years of earth history: GSA Field Guides, v. 18, p. 119-140, https://doi.org/10.1130/2010.0018(06).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-022378","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275355,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2010.0018(06)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Mineral Belt","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.9899,37.9765 ], [ -107.9899,40.9914 ], [ -102.881,40.9914 ], [ -102.881,37.9765 ], [ -107.9899,37.9765 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eece4b02e26443a93cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ridley, John","contributorId":77024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wessel, Zachary R.","contributorId":104795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessel","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048103,"text":"70048103 - 2010 - Subevents of long-period seismicity: implications for hydrothermal dynamics during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T15:59:28","indexId":"70048103","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T15:54:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subevents of long-period seismicity: implications for hydrothermal dynamics during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"One of the most striking aspects of seismicity during the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH) was the precise regularity in occurrence of repetitive long-period (LP) or “drumbeat” events over sustained time periods. However, this precise regularity was not always observed, and at times the temporal occurrence of LP events became more random. In addition, accompanying the dominant LP class of events during the 2004–2008 MSH eruption, there was a near-continuous, randomly occurring series of smaller seismic events. These subevents are not always simply small-amplitude versions of the dominant LP class of events but appear instead to result from a separate random process only loosely coupled to the main LP source mechanism. We present an analysis of the interevent time and amplitude distributions of the subevents, using waveform cross correlation to separate LP events from the subevents. We also discuss seismic tremor that accompanied the 8 March 2005 phreatic explosion event at MSH. This tremor consists of a rapid succession of LPs and subevents triggered during the explosion, in addition to broadband noise from the sustained degassing. Immediately afterward, seismicity returned to the pre-explosion occurrence pattern. This triggering in relation to the rapid ejection of steam from the system, and subsequent return to pre-explosion seismicity, suggests that both seismic event types originated in a region of the subsurface hydrothermal system that was (1) in contact with the reservoir feeding the 8 March 2005 phreatic explosion but (2) not destroyed or drained by the explosion event. Finally, we discuss possible thermodynamic conditions in a pressurized hydrothermal crack that could give rise to seismicity. Pressure drop estimates for typical LP events are not generally large enough to perturb pure water in a shallow hydrothermal crack into an unstable state. However, dissolved volatiles such as CO2 may lead to a more unstable system, increasing the seismogenic potential of a hydrothermal crack subject to rapid heat flux. The interaction of hydrothermal and magmatic systems beneath MSH in 2004–2008 thus appears able to explain a wide range of observed phenomena, including subevents, LP events, larger (Md > 2) events, and phreatic explosions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007839","usgsCitation":"Matoza, R.S., and Chouet, B.A., 2010, Subevents of long-period seismicity: implications for hydrothermal dynamics during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, no. B12, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007839.","productDescription":"26 p.","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-022741","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277464,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007839"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.245372,46.152851 ], [ -122.245372,46.23403 ], [ -122.125309,46.23403 ], [ -122.125309,46.152851 ], [ -122.245372,46.152851 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52303f67e4b04b8e63a2066b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matoza, Robin S.","contributorId":54873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matoza","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118925,"text":"70118925 - 2010 - Diet shift of lentic dragonfly larvae in response to reduced terrestrial prey subsidies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T11:14:55","indexId":"70118925","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T11:13:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet shift of lentic dragonfly larvae in response to reduced terrestrial prey subsidies","docAbstract":"Inputs of terrestrial plant detritus and nutrients play an important role in aquatic food webs, but the importance of terrestrial prey inputs in determining aquatic predator distribution and abundance has been appreciated only recently. I examined the numerical, biomass, and diet responses of a common predator, dragonfly larvae, to experimental reduction of terrestrial arthropod input into ponds. I distributed paired enclosures (n = 7), one with a screen between the land and water (reduced subsidy) and one without a screen (ambient subsidy), near the shoreline of 2 small fishless ponds and sampled each month during the growing season in the southern Appalachian Mountains, Virginia (USA). Screens between water and land reduced the number of terrestrial arthropods that fell into screened enclosures relative to the number that fell into unscreened enclosures and open reference plots by 36%. The δ13C isotopic signatures of dragonfly larvae shifted towards those of aquatic prey in reduced-subsidy enclosures, a result suggesting that dragonflies consumed fewer terrestrial prey when fewer were available (ambient subsidy: 30%, reduced subsidy: 19% of diet). Overall abundance and biomass of dragonfly larvae did not change in response to reduced terrestrial arthropod inputs, despite the fact that enclosures permitted immigration/emigration. These results suggest that terrestrial arthropods can provide resources to aquatic predators in lentic systems, but that their effects on abundance and distribution might be subtle and confounded by in situ factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"North American Benthological Society","publisherLocation":"Schaumburg, IL","doi":"10.1899/09-034.1","usgsCitation":"Kraus, J.M., 2010, Diet shift of lentic dragonfly larvae in response to reduced terrestrial prey subsidies: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 29, no. 2, p. 602-613, https://doi.org/10.1899/09-034.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"613","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291479,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/09-034.1"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db5842e4b0fba533fa356e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Johanna M. 0000-0002-9513-4129 jkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4129","contributorId":4834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Johanna","email":"jkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199594,"text":"70199594 - 2010 - A methodology for the assessment of unconventional (continuous) resources with an application to the Greater Natural Buttes gas field, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T10:42:31","indexId":"70199594","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T10:59:08","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A methodology for the assessment of unconventional (continuous) resources with an application to the Greater Natural Buttes gas field, Utah","docAbstract":"The Greater Natural Buttes tight natural gas field is an unconventional (continuous) accumulation in the Uinta Basin, Utah, that began production in the early 1950s from the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group. Three years later, production was extended to the Eocene Wasatch Formation. With the exclusion of 1100 non-productive (“dry”) wells, we estimate that the final recovery from the 2500 producing wells existing in 2007 will be about 1.7 trillion standard cubic feet (TSCF) (48.2 billion cubic meters (BCM)). The use of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) per well is common in assessments of unconventional resources, and it is one of the main sources of information to forecast undiscovered resources. Each calculated recovery value has an associated drainage area that generally varies from well to well and that can be mathematically subdivided into elemental subareas of constant size and shape called cells. Recovery per 5-acre cells at Greater Natural Buttes shows spatial correlation; hence, statistical approaches that ignore this correlation when inferring EUR values for untested cells do not take full advantage of all the information contained in the data. More critically, resulting models do not match the style of spatial EUR fluctuations observed in nature. This study takes a new approach by applying spatial statistics to model geographical variation of cell EUR taking into account spatial correlation and the influence of fractures. We applied sequential indicator simulation to model non-productive cells, while spatial mapping of cell EUR was obtained by applying sequential Gaussian simulation to provide multiple versions of reality (realizations) having equal chances of being the correct model. For each realization, summation of EUR in cells not drained by the existing wells allowed preparation of a stochastic prediction of undiscovered resources, which range between 2.6 and 3.4 TSCF (73.6 and 96.3 BCM) with a mean of 2.9 TSCF (82.1 BCM) for Greater Natural Buttes. A second approach illustrates the application of multiple-point simulation to assess a hypothetical frontier area for which there is no production information but which is regarded as being similar to Greater Natural Buttes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-010-9127-8","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., Cook, T.A., and Coleman, J., 2010, A methodology for the assessment of unconventional (continuous) resources with an application to the Greater Natural Buttes gas field, Utah: Natural Resources Research, v. 19, no. 4, p. 237-251, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-010-9127-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"251","ipdsId":"IP-017861","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Greater Natural Buttes Gas Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -109.0447998046875,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -109.0447998046875,\n 40.24179856487036\n ],\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 40.24179856487036\n ],\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 39.68182601089365\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0108d9e4b0815414cc2e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coleman, James L.","contributorId":208106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":37715,"text":"Ex-USGS, now retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118915,"text":"70118915 - 2010 - Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay, China: A year long simulation study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T10:03:28","indexId":"70118915","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T10:01:06","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2267,"text":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay, China: A year long simulation study","docAbstract":"An experiment for studying the effects of sediment dredging on denitrification in sediments was carried out through a one-year incubation of undredged (control) and dredged cores in laboratory. Dredging the upper 30 cm of sediment can significantly affect physico-chemical characteristics of sediments. Less degradation of organic matter in the dredged sediments was found during the experiment. Denitrification rates in the sediments were estimated by the acetylene blockage technique, and ranged from 21.6 to 102.7 nmol N2/(g dry weight (dw) x hr) for the undredged sediment and from 6.9 to 26.9 nmol N2/(g dw x hr) for dredged sediments. The denitrification rates in the undredged sediments were markedly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the dredged sediments throughout the incubation, with the exception of February 2006. The importance of various environmental factors on denitrification was assessed, which indicated that denitrification was regulated by temperature. Nitrate was probably the key factor limiting denitrification in both undredged and dredged sediments. Organic carbon played some role in determining the denitrification rates in the dredged sediments, but not in the undredged sediments. Sediment dredging influenced the mineralization of organic matter and denitrification in the sediment; and therefore changed the pattern of inherent cycling of nitrogen.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Engineers","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","doi":"10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60076-0","usgsCitation":"Zhong, J., Fan, C., Zhang, L., Edward, H., Ding, S., Li, B., and Liu, G., 2010, Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay, China: A year long simulation study: Journal of Environmental Sciences, v. 22, no. 1, p. 68-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60076-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60076-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291463,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60076-0"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db5849e4b0fba533fa35a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhong, Jicheng","contributorId":19092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhong","given":"Jicheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fan, Chengxin","contributorId":53304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Chengxin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Lu","contributorId":105238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Lu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edward, Hall","contributorId":92589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edward","given":"Hall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ding, Shiming","contributorId":89458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Shiming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Bao","contributorId":11128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Bao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Guofeng","contributorId":92181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Guofeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200488,"text":"70200488 - 2010 - Evidence of weak contaminant-related oxidative stress in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from the Canadian arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T21:04:49.83403","indexId":"70200488","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T09:52:48","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2482,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence of weak contaminant-related oxidative stress in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from the Canadian arctic","title":"Evidence of weak contaminant-related oxidative stress in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from the Canadian arctic","docAbstract":"Environmental contaminants are transported over great distances to Arctic ecosystems, where they can accumulate in wildlife. Whether contaminant concentrations in wildlife are sufficient to produce adverse effects remains poorly understood. Exposure to contaminants elevates oxidative stress with possible fitness consequences. The glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), an Arctic top predator, was used as a bioindicator for investigating relationships between contaminant levels (organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls [OC/PCB], mercury [Hg], and selenium [Se]) and measures of oxidative stress (glutathione [GSH] metabolism and lipid peroxidation) in Canadian Arctic ecosystems. Contaminant levels were low and associations between contaminant exposure and oxidative stress were weak. Nevertheless, glutathione peroxidase activity rose with increasing hepatic Se concentrations, levels of thiols declined as Hg and OC/PCB levels rose, and at one of the two study sites levels of lipid peroxidation were elevated with increasing levels of hepatic Hg. These results suggest the possibility of a deleterious effect of exposure to contaminants on gull physiology even at low contaminant exposures.
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The hydraulic properties of lithologic units within the unconfined aquifer and confining unit were computed by analyzing the aquifer-test data using radial, axisymmetric two-dimensional (2D) flow. Time-varying recharge to the unconfined aquifer and pumping from the confined Upper Floridan aquifer (USA) were simulated using 3D flow. Conceptual flow models were developed by gradually reducing the number of lithologic units in the unconfined aquifer and confining unit by calculating composite hydraulic properties for the simplified lithologic units. Composite hydraulic properties were calculated using either thickness-weighted averages or inverse modeling using regression-based parameter estimation. No significant residuals were simulated when all lithologic units comprising the unconfined aquifer were simulated as one layer. 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One of SCEC's priority objectives is to “develop a geodetic network processing system that will detect anomalous strain transients.” Given the growing number of continuously recording geodetic networks consisting of hundreds of stations, an automated means for systematically searching data for transient signals, especially in near real time, is critical for network operations, hazard monitoring, and event response. The SCEC Transient Detection Test Exercise began in 2008 to foster an active community of researchers working on this problem, explore promising methods, and combine effective approaches in novel ways. 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