{"pageNumber":"204","pageRowStart":"5075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70035134,"text":"70035134 - 2009 - Regional nutrient trends in streams and rivers of the United States, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:01:43","indexId":"70035134","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional nutrient trends in streams and rivers of the United States, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Trends in flow-adjusted concentrations (indicators of anthropogenic changes) and observed concentrations (indicators of natural and anthropogenic changes) of total phosphorus and total nitrogen from 1993 to 2003 were evaluated in the eastern, central, and western United States by adapting the Regional Kendall trend test to account for seasonality and spatial correlation. The only significant regional trend was an increase in flow-adjusted concentrations of total phosphorus in the central United States, which corresponded to increases in phosphorus inputs from fertilizer in the region, particularly west of the Mississippi River. A similar upward regional trend in observed total phosphorus concentrations in the central United States was not found, likely because precipitation and runoff decreased during drought conditions in the region, offsetting the increased source loading on the land surface. A greater number of regional trends would have been significant if spatial correlation had been disregarded, indicating the importance of spatial correlation modifications in regional trend assessments when sites are not spatially independent.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es803664x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., and Lorenz, D.L., 2009, Regional nutrient trends in streams and rivers of the United States, 1993-2003: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 10, p. 3430-3435, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803664x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3430","endPage":"3435","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476427,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es803664x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es803664x"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a53ee4b0e8fec6cdbdb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035182,"text":"70035182 - 2009 - Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","docAbstract":"Sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) movements, home range, and activity budgets were described from data collected during very-high-frequency radiotelemetry studies of 75 individuals on the outer coast of Washington State between 1992 and 1999. Sea otters were located at least once per week from 22 accessible sites along the coast. Over the 7-year study period, range expansion occurred from the core range north and east into the Strait of Juan de Fuca (SJF) as well as southward on the outer coast. Forty-three percent of the sea otters moved into the SJF at least once, most often in winter, using habitat that had not been occupied by sea otters since their extirpation 100 years ago. All sea otters spent portions of their time in the vicinity of Cape Alava, and many animals demonstrated consistent periodic seasonal shifts between specific portions of the coastline over several years. Ninety-five percent annual linear home ranges differed between sex and age classes. Adult males used the largest amount of coastline (50 km ?? 9 5D) and subadult females used the least (24 ?? 9 km). Both adult males and females demonstrated high seasonal periodicity in range use in summer and winter. Twenty-four-hour time budgets in the core portion of the range revealed on average sea otters spent 41% ?? 14% SD of the time foraging and 45% ?? 13% of the time resting (age and sex classes pooled). Adult and subadult female sea otters were most frequently found resting and foraging close to shore (< 1,000 m) and in shallow water (0-10 m), whereas adult and subadult males rested and foraged > 1,000 m offshore and at depths between 10 and 30 m. Given current rates of population growth and observed mobility, sea otters in Washington have high potential for range expansion into unoccupied habitat such as Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the SJF, or along Vancouver Island. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Laidre, K., Jameson, R., Gurarie, E., Jeffries, S., and Allen, H., 2009, Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 4, p. 906-917, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1.","startPage":"906","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476182,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-338.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1"},{"id":243228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b947fe4b08c986b31ab16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laidre, K.L.","contributorId":88319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurarie, E.","contributorId":103487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurarie","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeffries, S.J.","contributorId":26262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffries","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, H.","contributorId":59209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035457,"text":"70035457 - 2009 - Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:35:32","indexId":"70035457","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin","docAbstract":"<div class=\"book-chapter-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-BookSectionsText widget-instance-BookChaptertext\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"BookSectionsText\"><div class=\"category-section clearfix content-section \"><p>The Eyreville core holes provide the first continuously cored record of postimpact sequences from within the deepest part of the central Chesapeake Bay impact crater. We analyzed the upper Eocene to Pliocene postimpact sediments from the Eyreville A and C core holes for lithology (semiquantitative measurements of grain size and composition), sequence stratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy. Age is based primarily on Sr isotope stratigraphy supplemented by biostratigraphy (dinocysts, nannofossils, and planktonic foraminifers); age resolution is approximately ±0.5 Ma for early Miocene sequences and approximately ±1.0 Ma for younger and older sequences. Eocene–lower Miocene sequences are subtle, upper middle to lower upper Miocene sequences are more clearly distinguished, and upper Miocene–Pliocene sequences display a distinct facies pattern within sequences. We recognize two upper Eocene, two Oligocene, nine Miocene, three Pliocene, and one Pleistocene sequence and correlate them with those in New Jersey and Delaware. The upper Eocene through Pleistocene strata at Eyreville record changes from: (1) rapidly deposited, extremely fine-grained Eocene strata that probably represent two sequences deposited in a deep (&gt;200 m) basin; to (2) highly dissected Oligocene (two very thin sequences) to lower Miocene (three thin sequences) with a long hiatus; to (3) a thick, rapidly deposited (43–73 m/Ma), very fine-grained, biosiliceous middle Miocene (16.5–14 Ma) section divided into three sequences (V5–V3) deposited in middle neritic paleoenvironments; to (4) a 4.5-Ma-long hiatus (12.8–8.3 Ma); to (5) sandy, shelly upper Miocene to Pliocene strata (8.3–2.0 Ma) divided into six sequences deposited in shelf and shoreface environments; and, last, to (6) a sandy middle Pleistocene paralic sequence (~400 ka). The Eyreville cores thus record the filling of a deep impact-generated basin where the timing of sequence boundaries is heavily influenced by eustasy.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(33)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Browning, J.V., Miller, K., McLaughlin, P., Edwards, L.E., Kulpecz, A., Powars, D.S., Wade, B., Feigenson, M., and Wright, J., 2009, Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 775-810, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(33).","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.157470703125,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.157470703125,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c6ce4b0c8380cd62d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, P.P. Jr.","contributorId":68122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"P.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kulpecz, A.A.","contributorId":46672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulpecz","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wade, B.S.","contributorId":34742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Feigenson, M.D.","contributorId":65641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wright, J.D.","contributorId":34676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70035859,"text":"70035859 - 2009 - PAHs underfoot: Contaminated dust from coal-tar sealcoated pavement is widespread in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035859","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PAHs underfoot: Contaminated dust from coal-tar sealcoated pavement is widespread in the United States","docAbstract":"We reported in 2005 that runoff from parking lots treated with coal-tar-based sealcoat was a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to streams in Austin, Texas. Here we present new data from nine U. S. cities that show nationwide patterns in concentrations of PAHs associated with sealcoat Dust was swept from parking lots in six cities in the central and eastern U. S., where coal-tar-based sealcoat dominates use, and three cities in the western U. S., where asphalt-based sealcoat dominates use. For six central and eastern cities, median ?? PAH concentrations in dust from sealcoated and unsealcoated pavement are 2200 and 27 mg/kg, respectively. For three western cities, median ?? PAH concentrations in dust from sealcoated and unsealcoated pavement are similar and very low (2. 1 and 0. 8 mg/kg, respectively). Lakes in the central and eastern cities where pavement was sampled have bottom sediments with higher PAH concentrations than do those in the western cities relative to degree of urbanization. Bottom-sediment PAH assemblages are similar to those of sealcoated pavement dust regionally, implicating coal-tar-based sealcoat as a PAH source to the central and eastern lakes. Concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene in dust from coal-tar sealcoated pavement and adjacent soils greatly exceed generic soil screening levels, suggesting that research on human-health risk is warranted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es802119h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Mahler, B., and Wilson, J., 2009, PAHs underfoot: Contaminated dust from coal-tar sealcoated pavement is widespread in the United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 1, p. 20-25, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802119h.","startPage":"20","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476171,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es802119h","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802119h"},{"id":244087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7327e4b0c8380cd76ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035906,"text":"70035906 - 2009 - Diverse lavas from closely spaced volcanoes drawing from a common parent: Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Eastern Aleutian Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T08:58:17","indexId":"70035906","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diverse lavas from closely spaced volcanoes drawing from a common parent: Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Eastern Aleutian Arc","docAbstract":"Emmons Lake Volcanic Center (ELVC) on the lower Alaskan Peninsula is one of the largest and most diverse volcanic centers in the Aleutian Arc. Since the Middle Pleistocene, eruption of ~ 350 km<sup>3</sup> of basalt through rhyolite has produced a 30 km, arc front chain of nested calderas and overlapping stratovolcanoes. ELVC has experienced as many as five major caldera-forming eruptions, the most recent, at ~ 27 ka, produced ~ 50 km<sup>3</sup> of rhyolitic ignimbrite and ash fall. These violent silicic events were interspersed with less energetic, but prodigious, outpourings of basalt through dacite. Holocene eruptions are mostly basaltic andesite to andesite and historically recorded activity includes over 40 eruptions within the last 200 yr, all from Pavlof volcano, the most active site in the Aleutian Arc. Geochemical and geophysical observations suggest that although all ELVC eruptions derive from a common clinopyroxene + spinel + plagioclase fractionating high-aluminum basalt parent in the lower crust, magma follows one of two closely spaced, but distinct paths to the surface. Under the eastern end of the chain, magma moves rapidly and cleanly through a relatively young (~ 28 ka), hydraulically connected dike plexus. Steady supply, short magma residence times, and limited interaction with crustal rocks preserve the geochemistry of deep crustal processes. Below the western part of the chain, magma moves haltingly through a long-lived (~ 500 ka) and complex intrusive column in which many generations of basaltic to andesitic melts have mingled and fractionated. Buoyant, silicic melts periodically separate from the lower parts of the column to feed voluminous eruptions of dacite and rhyolite. Mafic lavas record a complicated passage through cumulate zones and hydrous silicic residues as manifested by disequilibrium phenocryst textures, incompatible element enrichments, and decoupling of REEs and HFSEs ratios. Such features are absent in mafic lavas from the younger part of the chain, highlighting the importance of plumbing architecture and longevity in creating petrologic diversity. Supplemental Data include 156 major element (XRF) and 128 trace element (ICP-MS) whole-rock analyses, 23 new <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages, a generalized geologic map with associated unit descriptions and field photographs, and photomicrographs of key petrographic features.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.018","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M., Miller, T., Waythomas, C., Trusdell, F., Calvert, A., and Layer, P., 2009, Diverse lavas from closely spaced volcanoes drawing from a common parent: Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Eastern Aleutian Arc: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 287, no. 3-4, p. 363-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.12112426757812,\n              55.31410322303185\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.99203491210938,\n              55.31410322303185\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.99203491210938,\n              55.36194173392781\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.12112426757812,\n              55.36194173392781\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.12112426757812,\n              55.31410322303185\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"287","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034ce4b0c8380cd503f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M.","contributorId":20091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, T.","contributorId":92749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waythomas, C.","contributorId":59269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trusdell, F.","contributorId":61233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Calvert, A.","contributorId":105089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Layer, P.","contributorId":55188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035997,"text":"70035997 - 2009 - A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T14:30:51","indexId":"70035997","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p><span>Erosion in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera (640&nbsp;ka), Wyoming, has exposed a cross section of older hydrothermal alteration in the canyon walls. The altered outcrops of the post-collapse tuff of Sulphur Creek (480&nbsp;ka) extend from the canyon rim to more than 300&nbsp;m beneath it. The hydrothermal minerals are zoned, with an advanced argillic alteration consisting of an association of quartz (opal)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>+</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>kaolinite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>alunite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>dickite, and an argillic or potassic alteration association with quartz</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>+</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>illite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>adularia. Disseminated fine-grained pyrite or marcasite is ubiquitous in both alteration types. These alteration associations are characteristic products of shallow volcanic epithermal environments. The contact between the two alteration types is about 100&nbsp;m beneath the rim. By analogy to other active geothermal systems including active hydrothermal springs in the Yellowstone Caldera, the transition from kaolinite to illite occurred at temperatures in the range 150 to 170&nbsp;°C. An<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age on alunite of 154,000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>16,000&nbsp;years suggests that hydrothermal activity has been ongoing since at least that time. A northwest-trending linear array of extinct and active hot spring centers in the Sevenmile Hole area implies a deeper structural control for the upflowing hydrothermal fluids. We interpret this deeper structure to be the Yellowstone Caldera ring fault that is covered by the younger tuff of Sulphur Creek. The Sevenmile Hole altered area lies at the eastern end of a band of hydrothermal centers that may mark the buried extension of the Yellowstone Caldera ring fault across the northern part of the Caldera.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.017","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Larson, P.B., Phillips, A., John, D.A., Cosca, M.A., Pritchard, C., Andersen, A., and Manion, J., 2009, A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 188, no. 1-3, p. 225-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-010785","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.017"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Sevenmile Hole, Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.54426193237303,\n              44.47801322108592\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.45602798461914,\n              44.47801322108592\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.45602798461914,\n              44.51805165000559\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54426193237303,\n              44.51805165000559\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54426193237303,\n              44.47801322108592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"188","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e501e4b0c8380cd46a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Peter B.","contributorId":22645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Allison","contributorId":196061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pritchard, Chad","contributorId":196055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pritchard","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andersen, Allen K. 0000-0002-6865-2561","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-2561","contributorId":196053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andersen","given":"Allen K.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Manion, Jennifer","contributorId":196062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manion","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036484,"text":"70036484 - 2009 - A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036484","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA","docAbstract":"A soil geochemical survey was conducted in a 27,000-km<sup>2</sup> study area of northern California that includes the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the Sacramento Valley, and the northern Coast Range. The results show that soil geochemistry in the Sacramento Valley is controlled primarily by the transport and weathering of parent material from the Coast Range to the west and the Sierra Nevada to the east. Chemically and mineralogically distinctive ultramafic (UM) rocks (e.g. serpentinite) outcrop extensively in the Coast Range and Sierra Nevada. These rocks and the soils derived from them have elevated concentrations of Cr and Ni. Surface soil samples derived from UM rocks of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range contain 1700-10,000 mg/kg Cr and 1300-3900 mg/kg Ni. Valley soils west of the Sacramento River contain 80-1420 mg/kg Cr and 65-224 mg/kg Ni, reflecting significant contributions from UM sources in the Coast Range. Valley soils on the east side contain 30-370 mg/kg Cr and 16-110 mg/kg Ni. Lower Cr and Ni concentrations on the east side of the valley are the result of greater dilution by granitic sources of the Sierra Nevada. Chromium occurs naturally in the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) oxidation states. Trivalent Cr is a non-toxic micronutrient, but Cr(VI) is a highly soluble toxin and carcinogen. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of soils with an UM parent show Cr primarily occurs within chromite and other mixed-composition spinels (Al, Mg, Fe, Cr). Chromite contains Cr(III) and is highly refractory with respect to weathering. Comparison of a 4-acid digestion (HNO<sub>3</sub>, HCl, HF, HClO<sub>4</sub>), which only partially dissolves chromite, and total digestion by lithium metaborate (LiBO<sub>3</sub>) fusion, indicates a lower proportion of chromite-bound Cr in valley soils relative to UM source soils. Groundwater on the west side of the Sacramento Valley has particularly high concentrations of dissolved Cr ranging up to 50 ??g L<sup>-1</sup> and averaging 16.4 ??g L<sup>-1</sup>. This suggests redistribution of Cr during weathering and oxidation of Cr(III)-bearing minerals. It is concluded that regional-scale transport and weathering of ultramafic-derived constituents have resulted in enrichment of Cr and Ni in the Sacramento Valley and a partial change in the residence of Cr.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J., Goldhaber, M., Lee, L., Holloway, J., Wanty, R., Wolf, R., and Ranville, J., 2009, A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1500-1511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027.","startPage":"1500","endPage":"1511","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027"},{"id":246320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e544e4b0c8380cd46c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, J.M.","contributorId":9063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wolf, R.E.","contributorId":11827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036614,"text":"70036614 - 2009 - Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036614","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus)","docAbstract":"Models of species' demographic features are commonly used to understand population dynamics and inform management tactics. Hierarchical demographic models are ideal for the assessment of non-indigenous species because our knowledge of non-indigenous populations is usually limited, data on demographic traits often come from a species' native range, these traits vary among populations, and traits are likely to vary considerably over time as species adapt to new environments. Hierarchical models readily incorporate this spatiotemporal variation in species' demographic traits by representing demographic parameters as multi-level hierarchies. As is done for traditional non-hierarchical matrix models, sensitivity and elasticity analyses are used to evaluate the contributions of different life stages and parameters to estimates of population growth rate. We applied a hierarchical model to northern snakehead (Channa argus), a fish currently invading the eastern United States. We used a Monte Carlo approach to simulate uncertainties in the sensitivity and elasticity analyses and to project future population persistence under selected management tactics. We gathered key biological information on northern snakehead natural mortality, maturity and recruitment in its native Asian environment. We compared the model performance with and without hierarchy of parameters. Our results suggest that ignoring the hierarchy of parameters in demographic models may result in poor estimates of population size and growth and may lead to erroneous management advice. In our case, the hierarchy used multi-level distributions to simulate the heterogeneity of demographic parameters across different locations or situations. The probability that the northern snakehead population will increase and harm the native fauna is considerable. Our elasticity and prognostic analyses showed that intensive control efforts immediately prior to spawning and/or juvenile-dispersal periods would be more effective (and probably require less effort) than year-round control efforts. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the hierarchy of parameters in estimating population growth rate and evaluating different management strategies for non-indigenous invasive species. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Jiao, Y., Lapointe, N., Angermeier, P., and Murphy, B., 2009, Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus): Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 13-14, p. 1681-1689, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1689","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008"},{"id":245604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"13-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a309ae4b0c8380cd5d7ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiao, Y.","contributorId":22996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapointe, N.W.R.","contributorId":76558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapointe","given":"N.W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, B.R.","contributorId":88986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036818,"text":"70036818 - 2009 - Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70036818","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States","docAbstract":"Sand-wedge casts, soil wedges and other non-diastrophic, post-depositional sedimentary structures suggest that Late-Pleistocene permafrost and deep seasonal frost on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain extended at least as far south as southern Delaware, the Eastern Shore and southern Maryland. Heterogeneous cold-climate slope deposits mantle lower valley-side slopes in central Maryland. A widespread pre-existing fragipan is congruent with the inferred palaeo-permafrost table. The high bulk density of the fragipan was probably enhanced by either thaw consolidation when icy permafrost degraded at the active layer-permafrost interface or by liquefaction and compaction when deep seasonal frost thawed. ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ppp.659","issn":"10456740","usgsCitation":"French, H., Demitroff, M., and Newell, W.L., 2009, Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 20, no. 3, p. 285-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.659.","startPage":"285","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217485,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.659"},{"id":245436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7587e4b0c8380cd77bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, H.","contributorId":15441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demitroff, M.","contributorId":101891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demitroff","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L. wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":99114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036888,"text":"70036888 - 2009 - Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036888","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"In vitro bioaccessibility tests (IVBA) are inexpensive, physiologically-based extraction tests designed to estimate the bioaccessibility of elements along ingestion exposure pathways. Published IVBA protocols call for the testing to be done on the <250-??m fraction of soil, as these particles are most likely to adhere to the hands of children and be ingested. Most IVBA in the literature to date have been applied to soil samples from highly contaminated sites or to spiked samples, and relatively little work has been done to evaluate bioaccessibility of elements in a wide variety of uncontaminated 'background' soils. In 2004, the US Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled soils along north-south and east-west transects across the two countries to test and refine sampling and analytical protocols recommended for the planned soil geochemical survey of North America. Samples were collected at 220 sites selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals. The focus of the investigation presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to begin to examine variations in bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in a number of 'background' (i.e., unpolluted) soils from around North America and (2) to determine if there are significant differences that would preclude using the standard size fraction of <2 mm for extraction with a simulated gastric fluid as an expeditious and inexpensive bioaccessibility screening tool for the large numbers of future samples to be collected by this continental-scale project. A subset of 20 soil samples collected along the north-south transect at a depth of 0-5 cm was used for this study. Two separate size fractions (<2 mm and <250 ??m) were extracted using a simulated human gastric fluid consisting of a solution of HCl and glycine adjusted to a pH of 1.5. In general, the leachate results for the <2-mm size fraction were not substantially different than those for the <250-??m size fraction for concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. Leachate concentrations for Cd, Ni and Pb appear to be controlled to some extent by the total concentration of the element in soil. Bioaccessibility of the elements in this study decreased in the order, Cd > Pb > Ni > As > Cr.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Morman, S., Plumlee, G., and Smith, D.B., 2009, Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1454-1463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015.","startPage":"1454","endPage":"1463","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217662,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015"},{"id":245619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca4e4b0c8380cd493d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morman, S.A.","contributorId":74982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036909,"text":"70036909 - 2009 - The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036909","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America","docAbstract":"In 2004, soils were collected at 220 sites along two transects across the USA and Canada as a pilot study for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America (North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project). The objective of the current study was to examine the potential of diffuse reflectance (DR) Fourier Transform (FT) mid-infrared (mid-IR) and near-infrared (NIRS) spectroscopy to reduce the need for conventional analysis for the determination of major and trace elements in such continental-scale surveys. Soil samples (n = 720) were collected from two transects (east-west across the USA, and north-south from Manitoba, Canada to El Paso, Texas (USA), n = 453 and 267, respectively). The samples came from 19 USA states and the province of Manitoba in Canada. They represented 31 types of land use (e.g., national forest, rangeland, etc.), and 123 different land covers (e.g., soybeans, oak forest, etc.). The samples represented a combination of depth-based sampling (0-5 cm) and horizon-based sampling (O, A and C horizons) with 123 different depths identified. The set was very diverse with few samples similar in land use, land cover, etc. All samples were analyzed by conventional means for the near-total concentration of 49 analytes (C<sub>total</sub>, C<sub>carbonate</sub> and C<sub>organic</sub>, and 46 major and trace elements). Spectra were obtained using dried, ground samples using a Digilab FTS-7000 FT spectrometer in the mid- (4000-400 cm<sup>-1</sup>) and near-infrared (10,000-4000 cm<sup>-1</sup>) at 4 cm<sup>-1</sup> resolution (64 co-added scans per spectrum) using a Pike AutoDIFF DR autosampler. Partial least squares calibrations were develop using: (1) all samples as a calibration set; (2) samples evenly divided into calibration and validation sets based on spectral diversity; and (3) samples divided to have matching analyte concentrations in calibration and validation sets. In general, results supported the conclusion that neither mid-IR nor NIRS would be particularly useful in reducing the need for conventional analysis of soils from this continental-scale geochemical survey. The extreme sample diversity, likely caused by the widely varied parent material, land use at the site of collection (e.g., grazing, recreation, agriculture, etc.), and climate resulted in poor calibrations even for C<sub>total</sub>, C<sub>organic</sub> and C<sub>carbonate</sub>. The results indicated potential for mid-IR and NIRS to differentiate soils containing high concentrations (&gt;100 mg/kg) of some metals (e.g., Co, Cr, Ni) from low-level samples (&lt;50 mg/kg). However, because of the small number of high-level samples, it is possible that differentiation was based on factors other than metal concentration. Results for Mg and Sr were good, but results for other metals examined were fair to poor, at best. In essence, it appears that the great variation in chemical and physical properties seen in soils from this continental-scale survey resulted in each sample being virtually unique. Thus, suitable spectroscopic calibrations were generally not possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Reeves, J.B., and Smith, D.B., 2009, The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1472-1481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017.","startPage":"1472","endPage":"1481","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017"},{"id":245471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baeb7e4b08c986b3242be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, J. B. III","contributorId":82129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037038,"text":"70037038 - 2009 - Fine-scale relief related to late holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:22:23.63954","indexId":"70037038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale relief related to late holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Erosional and depositional bedforms have been imaged at outcrop scale in the upper Redondo Fan, in the San Pedro Basin of offshore Southern California in ≥600 m water depths, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is equipped with multibeam and chirp sub-bottom sonars. Sampling and photographic images using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Remotely Operated Vehicle<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tiburon</i><span>&nbsp;</span>provide groundtruth for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey. The 0·3 m vertical and 1·5 m lateral bathymetric resolution and 0·1 m sub-bottom profile resolution provide unprecedented detail of bedform morphology and structure. Multiple channels within the Redondo Fan have been active at different times during the Late Holocene (0 to 3000 yr<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"smallCaps\">bp</span>). The currently active channel extending from Redondo Canyon makes an abrupt 90° turn at the canyon mouth before resuming a south-easterly course along the east side of the Redondo Fan. This channel is floored by sand and characterized by small steps generally &lt;1 m in relief, spaced 10 to 80 m in the down-channel direction. A broader channel complex lies along the western side of the fan valley that was last active more than 850 years ago. Two distinct trains of large scours, with widths ranging from tens to a few hundred metres and depths of 20 m, occur on the floor of the western channel complex, which has a thin mud drape. If observed in cross-section only, these large scours would probably be misidentified as the thalweg of an active channel.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Paull, C.K., Caress, D., Ussler, W., and Sliter, R., 2009, Fine-scale relief related to late holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California: Sedimentology, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1690-1704, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1690","endPage":"1704","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476408,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245272,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.1932456322206,\n              34.42192043909904\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1932456322206,\n              33.1619835211291\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80896828847048,\n              33.1619835211291\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80896828847048,\n              34.42192043909904\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1932456322206,\n              34.42192043909904\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1026e4b0c8380cd53b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caress, D.W.","contributorId":14201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caress","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ussler, W. III","contributorId":101048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ussler","given":"W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037362,"text":"70037362 - 2009 - Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T14:54:41.531875","indexId":"70037362","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p>At Hancock Summit West, Nevada, western USA, uppermost Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) and lower and middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) rocks of the lower Guilmette Formation include, in stratigraphic sequence, carbonate-platform facies of the conodont<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zones; the type Alamo Breccia Member of the middle<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone; and slope facies of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hassi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zones. The catastrophically deposited Alamo Breccia and related phenomena record the ~&nbsp;382&nbsp;Ma Alamo event, produced by a km-scale bolide impact into a marine setting seaward of an extensive carbonate platform fringing western North America. Re-evaluation of conodonts from the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member, together with regional sedimentologic and conodont biofacies comparisons, now firmly locates the onset of the Johnson et al. (1985) transgressive–regressive (T–R) cycle IIc, which occurred after the start of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone, within a parautochthonous megablock low in the Alamo Breccia.</p><p>Whole-rock carbon isotope analyses through the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member reveal two positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>excursions: (1) a small, 3‰ excursion, which is possibly correlative with the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event previously identified from sections in Western Europe and Australia, occurs below the breccia in the Upper<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone to early part of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone; and (2) a large, multi-part excursion, dominated by a 6‰ positive shift, begins above the start of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone and onset of T–R cycle IIc and continues above the Alamo Breccia, ending near the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i>–<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hassi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>zonal boundary. This large excursion correlates with the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event, a major positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C excursion previously recognized in eastern Laurussia and northern Gondwana. Consistent with previous studies, at Hancock Summit West the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event is apparently not associated with any regional extinctions or ecosystem reorganizations.</p><p>In the study area, onset of the main<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event began after the start of both the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone and T–R cycle IIc, and preceded the Alamo impact by less than 650&nbsp;k.y., as inferred from conodont biochronologic and regional rock-accumulation rate estimates. Although complicated by the heterolithic, high-energy deposits of the Alamo Breccia, the carbon isotope record of the breccia and post-breccia beds does not indicate a major impact-correlative perturbation to the carbon cycle.</p><p>This study extends recognition of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event to western Laurussia, further reinforcing the potential global scale of the event and its potential importance to understanding early to middle Frasnian marine geochemistry and palaeoenvironments. Based on previous models and our observations, increased tectonic activity, increased nutrient flux to oceans, increased marine bioproductivity, widespread anoxia, and increased organic carbon burial were all likely key factors in driving the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event excursion. Furthermore, periodic eustatic and regional relative sea-level rises may have played an important role in promoting organic carbon burial and in maintaining a link between the primary open-marine geochemical signal and that recorded on the shallow-marine, lower Guilmette carbonate platform.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Morrow, J.R., Sandberg, C., Malkowski, K., and Joachimski, M., 2009, Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 282, no. 1-4, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science 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,{"id":70156324,"text":"70156324 - 2009 - Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T15:58:28.619743","indexId":"70156324","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"15","subseriesTitle":"Field Guide","title":"Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Newberry Volcano in central Oregon is dry over much of its vast area, except for the lakes in the caldera and the single creek that drains them. Despite the lack of obvious glacial striations and well-formed glacial moraines, evidence indicates that Newberry was glaciated. Meter-sized foreign blocks, commonly with smoothed shapes, are found on cinder cones as far as 7 km from the caldera rim. These cones also show evidence of shaping by flowing ice. In addition, multiple dry channels likely cut by glacial meltwater are common features of the eastern and western flanks of the volcano. On the older eastern flank of the volcano, a complex depositional and erosional history is recorded by lava flows, some of which flowed down channels, and interbedded sediments of probable glacial origin. Postglacial lava flows have subsequently filled some of the channels cut into the sediments. The evidence suggests that Newberry Volcano has been subjected to multiple glaciations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colorado","isbn":"9780813700151 0813700159","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., and Jensen, R.A., 2009, Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon, chap. <i>of</i> Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, v. 15, p. 81-90.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014260","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.35635375976562,\n              43.64601335623949\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.35635375976562,\n              43.79588033566535\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.08444213867186,\n              43.79588033566535\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.08444213867186,\n              43.64601335623949\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.35635375976562,\n              43.64601335623949\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b1e4b0518e3546a4c2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568680,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madin, Ian P.","contributorId":66404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568681,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568682,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036692,"text":"70036692 - 2009 - Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036692","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) has invaded riparian ecosystems throughout the Western United States, including significant portions of riparian ecosystems within U.S. National Parks and Monuments. Recently, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) was released as a tamarisk biocontrol agent. Although initial releases have been monitored, no comprehensive program is currently in place to monitor the rapid spread of Diorhabda that has resulted from numerous subsequent releases by county and state agencies. Long term monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and its impacts on habitat and water resources is needed. This study examines the potential for using higher spatial resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and lower spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for monitoring defoliation caused by Diorhabda and subsequent changes in evapotranspiration (ET). Widespread tamarisk defoliation was observed in an eastern Utah study area during summer 2007. ASTER normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed only minor changes between 2005 and 2006, but a significant drop in NDVI was found within riparian areas between 2006 and 2007. The decrease in NDVI caused by defoliation was apparent despite partial refoliation within the study area. MODIS time series data revealed that absolute decline in EVI varied by site, but that the timing of EVI decline during summer 2007 was early with respect to phenological patterns from 2001 through 2006. Defoliation caused decreases in ET values estimated from both ASTER and MODIS data. MODIS estimated ET declined earlier than in previous years, although annual ET was not significantly different than ET in previous years due to high year-to-year variability. Challenges to detection and monitoring of tamarisk defoliation include spectral mixing of tamarisk and other cover types at subpixel spatial resolution, spatial coregistration of time series images, the timing of image acquisition, and changes unrelated to defoliation in non-tamarisk land cover over time. Continued development of the techniques presented in this paper may allow monitoring the spread of Diorhabda and assessment of potential water salvage resulting from biocontrol of tamarisk. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Dennison, P., Nagler, P., Hultine, K.R., Glenn, E.P., and Ehleringer, J., 2009, Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 7, p. 1462-1472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022.","startPage":"1462","endPage":"1472","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022"},{"id":245850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6efe4b0c8380cd8511f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennison, P.E.","contributorId":73430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehleringer, J.R.","contributorId":47965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045492,"text":"70045492 - 2009 - Predictive models for fish assemblages in eastern USA streams: implications for assessing biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T10:25:05","indexId":"70045492","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive models for fish assemblages in eastern USA streams: implications for assessing biodiversity","docAbstract":"Management and conservation of aquatic systems require the ability to assess biological conditions and identify changes in biodiversity. Predictive models for fish assemblages were constructed to assess biological condition and changes in biodiversity for streams sampled in the eastern United States as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Separate predictive models were developed for northern and southern regions. Reference sites were designated using land cover and local professional judgment. Taxonomic completeness was quantified based on the ratio of the number of observed native fish species expected to occur to the number of expected native fish species. Models for both regions accurately predicted fish species composition at reference sites with relatively high precision and low bias. In general, species that occurred less frequently than expected (decreasers) tended to prefer riffle areas and larger substrates, such as gravel and cobble, whereas increaser species (occurring more frequently than expected) tended to prefer pools, backwater areas, and vegetated and sand substrates. In the north, the percentage of species identified as increasers and the percentage identified as decreasers were equal, whereas in the south nearly two-thirds of the species examined were identified as decreasers. Predictive models of fish species can provide a standardized indicator for consistent assessments of biological condition at varying spatial scales and critical information for an improved understanding of fish species that are potentially at risk of loss with changing water quality conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T08-132.1","usgsCitation":"Meador, M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2009, Predictive models for fish assemblages in eastern USA streams: implications for assessing biodiversity: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, no. 4, p. 725-740, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-132.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-003386","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272208,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T08-132.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.00,24.96 ], [ -100.00,48.97 ], [ -66.98,48.97 ], [ -66.98,24.96 ], [ -100.00,24.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"138","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c75e4b0b290851048f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176152,"text":"70176152 - 2009 - Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176152,"text":"70176152 - 2009 - Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program","indexId":"70176152","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T15:28:44.712642","indexId":"70176152","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program","docAbstract":"<p>Over nearly two decades, the Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) small watershed research program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has documented how water and solute fluxes, nutrient, carbon, and mercury dynamics, and weathering and sediment transport respond to natural and humancaused drivers, including climate, climate change, and atmospheric deposition. Together with a continued and increasing focus on the effects of climate change, more investigations are needed that examine ecological effects (e.g., evapotranspiration, nutrient uptake) and responses (e.g., species abundances, biodiversity) that are coupled with the physical and chemical processes&nbsp;historically observed in the WEBB program. Greater use of remote sensing, geographic modeling, and habitat/watershed modeling tools is needed, as is closer integration with the USGS-led National Phenology Network. Better understanding of process and system response times is needed. The analysis and observation of land-use and climate change effects over time should be improved by pooling data obtained by the WEBB program during the last two decades with data obtained earlier and (or) concurrently from other research and monitoring studies conducted at or near the five WEBB watershed sites. These data can be supplemented with historical and paleo-environmental information, such as could be obtained from tree rings and lake cores. Because of the relatively pristine nature and small size of its watersheds, the WEBB program could provide process understanding and basic data to better characterize and quantify ecosystem services and to develop and apply indicators of ecosystem health. In collaboration with other Federal and State watershed research programs, the WEBB program has an opportunity to contribute to tracking the short-term dynamics and long-term evolution of ecosystem services and health indicators at a multiplicity of scales across the landscape.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., Larsen, M.C., Greene, E.A., Buss, H.L., Clow, D.W., Hunt, R.J., Mast, M.A., Murphy, S.F., Peters, N.E., Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., and Walker, J.F., 2009, Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program, <i>in</i> Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 39-52.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010839","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Glynn.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b112e4b0f2f0cebe686d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":647480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, Earl A. 0000-0002-9479-0829 eagreene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-0829","contributorId":3518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Earl","email":"eagreene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":647481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buss, Heather L. 0000-0002-1852-3657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-3657","contributorId":15478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buss","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mast, M. 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,{"id":70162065,"text":"70162065 - 2009 - Surveillance and status of fish stocks in western Lake Erie, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T10:01:01","indexId":"70162065","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Surveillance and status of fish stocks in western Lake Erie, 2008","docAbstract":"The Lake Erie Biological Station has conducted bottom trawl assessments of fish populations in western Lake Erie near East Harbor State Park, Ohio each summer and autumn since 1961. The catches of most age-0 forage fishes in 2008 were less than their 15-year means. Mean densities for five species exceeded the long term mean. Mean density of age-0 white perch Morone americana was more than double last year’s mean and the long-term mean. Densities of both yellow perch Perca flavescens and walleye Sander vitreus were at or above their long term mean. Catches of round goby Neogobius melanostomus (all ages combined) exceeded the previous five years, but were substantially below the species’ 13-year (1996-2008) mean. For five species, mean total lengths of age-0 individuals captured in 2008 were greater than their respective 20-year means. During 1988-2007, the frequency of occurrence for yellow perch diet items was highest for benthic invertebrates and zooplankton during the summer and benthic invertebrates in autumn. During summer zooplankton and benthic invertebrates were frequently consumed by white perch. Benthic prey for white perch occurred more frequently in the last 5-10 years.","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Erie Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 23-24, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bur, M.T., Edwards, W., Porta, M.J., Stapanian, M.A., and Kocovsky, P., 2009, Surveillance and status of fish stocks in western Lake Erie, 2008, Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Erie Committee Meeting, Ypsilanti, MI, March 23-24, 2009, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012417","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314240,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/462515896"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea8e4b006455f2d6206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bur, Michael T.","contributorId":102015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, William wedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"wedwards@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porta, Michael J.","contributorId":152026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porta","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":150837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193898,"text":"70193898 - 2009 - The Tiptop coal-mine fire, Kentucky: Preliminary investigation of the measurement of mercury and other hazardous gases from coal-fire gas vents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:50:32","indexId":"70193898","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Tiptop coal-mine fire, Kentucky: Preliminary investigation of the measurement of mercury and other hazardous gases from coal-fire gas vents","docAbstract":"The Tiptop underground coal-mine fire in the Skyline coalbed of the Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation was investigated in rural northern Breathitt County, Kentucky, in May 2008 and January 2009, for the purpose of determining the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and mercury (Hg) in the vent and for measuring gas-vent temperatures. At the time of our visits, concentrations of CO2 peaked at 2.0% and > 6.0% (v/v) and CO at 600 ppm and > 700 ppm during field analysis in May 2008 and January 2009, respectively. For comparison, these concentrations exceed the U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) eight-hour safe exposure limits (0.5% CO2 and 50 ppm CO), although the site is not currently mined. Mercury, as Hg0, in excess of 500 and 2100 μg/m3, in May and January, respectively, in the field, also exceeded the OSHA eight-hour exposure limit (50 μg/m3). Carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and a suite of organic compounds were determined at two vents for the first sampling event. All gases are diluted by air as they exit and migrate away from a gas vent, but temperature inversions and other meteorological conditions could lead to unhealthy concentrations in the nearby towns.\nVariation in gas temperatures, nearly 300 °C during the January visit to the fire versus < 50 °C in May, demonstrates the large temporal variability in fire intensity at the Tiptop mine. These preliminary results suggest that emissions from coal fires may be important, but additional data are required that address the reasons for significant variations in the composition, flow, and temperature of vent gases.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.005","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Henke, K.R., O’Keefe, J.M., Engle, M.A., Blake, D.R., and Stracher, G.B., 2009, The Tiptop coal-mine fire, Kentucky: Preliminary investigation of the measurement of mercury and other hazardous gases from coal-fire gas vents: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 80, no. 1, p. 63-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.005.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-012697","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Keefe, Jennifer M.K.","contributorId":200117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Keefe","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.K.","affiliations":[{"id":35685,"text":"Morehead State University, Morehead, KY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blake, Donald R.","contributorId":200149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":35699,"text":"University of California — Irvine, Irvine, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stracher, Glenn B.","contributorId":200125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stracher","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":35693,"text":"East Georgia College, Swainsboro, GA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97042,"text":"sir20085105 - 2008 - Estimating selected streamflow statistics representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T09:56:30.736534","indexId":"sir20085105","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-14T13:05:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5105","displayTitle":"Estimating Selected Streamflow Statistics Representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia","title":"Estimating selected streamflow statistics representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia","docAbstract":"Regional equations and procedures were developed for estimating 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 30-day 2-year; 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 30-day 5-year; and 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 30-day 10-year hydrologically based low-flow frequency values for unregulated streams in West Virginia. Regional equations and procedures also were developed for estimating the 1-day, 3-year and 4-day, 3-year biologically based low-flow frequency values; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency harmonic-mean flows; and the 10-, 25-, 50-, 75-, and 90-percent flow-duration values.\r\n\r\nRegional equations were developed using ordinary least-squares regression using statistics from 117 U.S. Geological Survey continuous streamflow-gaging stations as dependent variables and basin characteristics as independent variables. Equations for three regions in West Virginia - North, South-Central, and Eastern Panhandle - were determined. Drainage area, precipitation, and longitude of the basin centroid are significant independent variables in one or more of the equations.\r\n\r\nEstimating procedures are presented for determining statistics at a gaging station, a partial-record station, and an ungaged location. Examples of some estimating procedures are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085105","isbn":"9781411322608","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.B., 2008, Estimating selected streamflow statistics representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia (Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5105, Report: viii, 24 p.; Version History; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085105.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 24 p.; Version History; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386955,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5105/versionHist.txt","size":"759 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":386954,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5105/sir20085105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2010-5105"},{"id":195371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5105/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":12012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5105/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,37 ], [ -83,41 ], [ -77,41 ], [ -77,37 ], [ -83,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: 2008","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_va@usgs.gov;%20dc_wv@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_va@usgs.gov;%20dc_wv@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/va-wv-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/va-wv-water\">Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1730 E. Parham Road<br>Richmond, VA 23228</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Selected Streamflow Statistics</li><li>Development of Equations for Estimating Selected Streamflow Statistics</li><li>Procedures for Estimating Selected Streamflow Statistics</li><li>Example Applications of Estimating Procedures</li><li>Accuracy and Limitations of Estimating Procedures</li><li>Summary</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Transferring Flood Statistics to Ungaged Locations</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"revisedDate":"2021-07-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":59746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70204966,"text":"70204966 - 2008 - Fire and nonnative invasive plants in the central bioregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-27T10:19:44","indexId":"70204966","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T10:08:12","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Fire and nonnative invasive plants in the central bioregion","docAbstract":"<p>The Central bioregion is a vast area, stretching&nbsp;from Canada to Mexico and from the eastern forests&nbsp;to the Rocky Mountains, dominated by grasslands and&nbsp;shrublands, but inclusive of riparian and other forests.&nbsp;This bioregion has been impacted by many human induced changes, particularly relating to agricultural&nbsp;practices, over the past 150 years. Also changed are&nbsp;fire regimes, first by native peoples who used fire for a&nbsp;variety of purposes and then by European settlers, who&nbsp;directly and indirectly contributed to a great reduction&nbsp;in the frequency of fire on the landscape. Perhaps of&nbsp;even greater importance has been the introduction of&nbsp;nonnative plant species, which have come to impact&nbsp;every community type to some degree.&nbsp;Nonnative plants have a wide array of impacts on&nbsp;native ecosystems and populations in the Central&nbsp;bioregion, and these impacts continue to mount and&nbsp;evolve. Many long-time invaders, such as smooth brome&nbsp;(Bromus inermis), and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula),&nbsp;have already spread to large areas, and their ranges&nbsp;may still be expanding. Others, such as tamarisk or&nbsp;saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and buffelgrass (Pennisetum&nbsp;ciliare), are rapidly spreading at the present time,&nbsp;while still others have likely not yet shown their full&nbsp;potential for expansion. In this volume, as well as in&nbsp;this chapter, our emphasis is on the interaction of&nbsp;nonnatives with fire, how it affects them and how they&nbsp;affect it.&nbsp;The ecosystems of the Central bioregion have been&nbsp;shaped by fire, including fires associated with natural&nbsp;ignitions and those deliberately set by humans. Both&nbsp;grasslands and shrublands in this bioregion experienced frequent and widespread fires during their evolution (Stewart 2002). Prescribed fire is now widely used&nbsp;to manage some areas for their natural characteristics.&nbsp;Thus, while changed in character, both by conditions&nbsp;that now limit wildfire occurrence and spread and by&nbsp;prescribed burning, the Central bioregion remains one&nbsp;with a high fire frequency (Wade and others 2000).&nbsp;Fire interactions with nonnative plants can have&nbsp;important impacts. In some cases, fire can be a means&nbsp;of reducing impacts of nonnative species (chapter 4).&nbsp;In other cases, fire may facilitate the establishment&nbsp;and spread of nonnatives (chapter 2). Some nonnative species can radically change the fire regime itself&nbsp;(chapter3). Because of the widespread use of prescribed&nbsp;fire in this bioregion, it is important to know how nonnative species interact with fire and whether there are&nbsp;means whereby these interactions can be controlled.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildland fire in ecosystems: Fire and nonnative invasive plants","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., and Zouhar, K., 2008, Fire and nonnative invasive plants in the central bioregion, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Wildland fire in ecosystems: Fire and nonnative invasive plants, p. 113-140.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366954,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr042_6.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zouhar, Kristin","contributorId":218458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zouhar","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044680,"text":"70044680 - 2008 - The Early Oligocene Copperas Creek Volcano and geology along New Mexico Higway 15 between Sapillo Creek and the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, Grant and Catron Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T13:43:28.987251","indexId":"70044680","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:53:10","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The Early Oligocene Copperas Creek Volcano and geology along New Mexico Higway 15 between Sapillo Creek and the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, Grant and Catron Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The section of New Mexico Highway 15 between the intersection of NM-15 and NM 35 (aka Sapillo junction) at the south and the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument at the north end of NM –15 occupies an approximately 18 mile long, mile wide, corridor through the eastern part of the Gila Wilderness (Fig. 1). Whereas most of the Gila Wilderness is dominated by silicic, caldera-forming supervolcanoes of Eocene to Oligocene age, this part of NM-15 traverses a volcanic terrain of similar age, but composed mainly of intermediate composition lava flows and minor associated rhyolitic intrusions and pyroclastic rocks, which are related to the here-named Copperas Creek volcano. This volcanic complex is bounded by Basin and Range structures: on the south by the Sapillo Creek graben, and on the north by the Gila Hot Springs graben, both of which are filled with Gila Conglomerate of late Tertiary to Pleistocene(?) age. Hot springs in the Gila River valley are localized along faults in the deepest part of the Gila Hot Springs graben. The cliff dwellings of the National Monument were constructed in caves in Gila Conglomerate in the western part of the Gila Hot Springs graben. The eastern edge of the Gila Cliff Dwellings caldera is buried by younger rocks east of the cliff dwellings, but spectacular cliffs of Bloodgood Canyon Tuff, which fills the caldera, can be viewed along the West Fork of the Gila River from the trail starting at the cliff dwellings. Although this is not intended as a formal road log, highway mileage markers (MM) will be used to locate geologic features more or less progressively from south to north along NM-15.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Mexico Geological Society Fall Field Conference Guidebook 59 Geology of the Gila Wilderness-Silver City area","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Geological Society","doi":"10.56577/FFC-59.129","usgsCitation":"Ratte, J.C., 2008, The Early Oligocene Copperas Creek Volcano and geology along New Mexico Higway 15 between Sapillo Creek and the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, Grant and Catron Counties, New Mexico, <i>in</i> New Mexico Geological Society Fall Field Conference Guidebook 59 Geology of the Gila Wilderness-Silver City area, p. 129-140, https://doi.org/10.56577/FFC-59.129.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"140","ipdsId":"IP-004856","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -103.0,31.33 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e066e4b0cecbe8fa98bd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mack, Greg","contributorId":111993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509269,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witcher, James","contributorId":111782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witcher","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509268,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lueth, Virgil W.","contributorId":113648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lueth","given":"Virgil","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509270,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ratte, James C.","contributorId":47671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratte","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046511,"text":"70046511 - 2008 - Future intrusion of oxygenated glacial meltwaters into the Fennoscandian shield: A possibility to consider in performance assessments for nuclear-waste disposal sites?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T17:27:40.28357","indexId":"70046511","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"2008:16","chapter":"6","title":"Future intrusion of oxygenated glacial meltwaters into the Fennoscandian shield: A possibility to consider in performance assessments for nuclear-waste disposal sites?","docAbstract":"Provost et al. (1998) and Glynn and Voss (1999; also published in Glynn et al., 1999) considered the possibility that during future glaciations, oxygenated glacial meltwaters from two- to three-kilometer thick ice sheets could potentially intrude to the 500 m depth of planned nuclear-waste repositories. This possibility has been of concern because of potential negative effects on the stability of the repository engineered environment, and because of the potential mobilization of radionuclides should the oxygenated waters come into contact with the radioactive waste. The above reports argued that given the current state of knowledge, it was hard to discount the possibility that oxygenated waters could penetrate to repository level depth. The reports also suggested that oxidizing conditions might be present in the fractured rock environment for significant amounts of time, on the order of thousands to tens of thousands of years. In some earlier reports, Swedish and Finnish governmental agencies in charge of nuclear-waste disposal had considered the possibility that oxygenated meltwaters might intrude to the repository depth (SKI: 1992; Martinerie et al, 1992; Ahonen and Vieno, 1994). Subsequent to the publication of Provost et al. (1998), Glynn et al. (1999) and Glynn and Voss (1999), the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Handling Company (SKB) commissioned efforts to examine more thoroughly the possibilities that oxygenated meltwaters might occur under ice-sheet conditions and intrude to the repository depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of SKB's safety assessment SR-Can: Contributions in support of SKI's and SSI's review by external consultants","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI)","publisherLocation":"Stockholm, Sweden","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P., 2008, Future intrusion of oxygenated glacial meltwaters into the Fennoscandian shield: A possibility to consider in performance assessments for nuclear-waste disposal sites?, chap. 6 <i>of</i> Review of SKB's safety assessment SR-Can: Contributions in support of SKI's and SSI's review by external consultants, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-005604","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273820,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/en/publications/reports/waste-shipments-physical-protection/2008/200816/"}],"country":"Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden","otherGeospatial":"Fennoscandian Shield","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 0.0,54.5 ], [ 0.0,72.0 ], [ 44.0,72.0 ], [ 44.0,54.5 ], [ 0.0,54.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02feae4b0ee1529ed3cd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre","contributorId":88248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042764,"text":"pp171312 - 2008 - A four-dimensional petroleum systems model for the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 12 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T11:54:34","indexId":"pp171312","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-12","title":"A four-dimensional petroleum systems model for the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 12 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","docAbstract":"A calibrated numerical model depicts the geometry and three-dimensional (3-D) evolution of petroleum systems through time (4-D) in a 249 x 309 km (155 x 192 mi) area covering all of the San Joaquin Basin Province of California. Model input includes 3-D structural and stratigraphic data for key horizons and maps of unit thickness, lithology, paleobathymetry, heat flow, original total organic carbon, and original Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen index for each source rock. The four principal petroleum source rocks in the basin are the Miocene Antelope shale of Graham and Williams (1985; hereafter referred to as Antelope shale), the Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation, the Eocene Tumey formation of Atwill (1935; hereafter referred to as Tumey formation), and the Cretaceous to Paleocene Moreno Formation. Due to limited Rock-Eval/total organic carbon data, the Tumey formation was modeled using constant values of original total organic carbon and original hydrogen index. Maps of original total organic carbon and original hydrogen index were created for the other three source rocks. The Antelope shale was modeled using Type IIS kerogen kinetics, whereas Type II kinetics were used for the other source rocks. Four-dimensional modeling and geologic field evidence indicate that maximum burial of the three principal Cenozoic source rocks occurred in latest Pliocene to Holocene time. For example, a 1-D extraction of burial history from the 4-D model in the Tejon depocenter shows that the bottom of the Antelope shale source rock began expulsion (10 percent transformation ratio) about 4.6 Ma and reached peak expulsion (50 percent transformation ratio) about 3.6 Ma. Except on the west flank of the basin, where steep dips in outcrop and seismic data indicate substantial uplift, little or no section has been eroded. Most petroleum migration occurred during late Cenozoic time in distinct stratigraphic intervals along east-west pathways from pods of active petroleum source rock in the Tejon and Buttonwillow depocenters to updip sandstone reservoirs. Satisfactory runs of the model required about 18 hours of computation time for each simulation using parallel processing on a Linux-based cluster.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (PP 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp171312","usgsCitation":"Peters, K., Magoon, L.B., Lampe, C., Scheirer, A.H., Lillis, P.G., and Gautier, D.L., 2008, A four-dimensional petroleum systems model for the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 12 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-12, Chapter 12: 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp171312.","productDescription":"Chapter 12: 35 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_12.jpg"},{"id":266299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/12/pp1713_ch12.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 12 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>.  Please see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1713\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1713</a> for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51011472e4b033b1feeb2bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Kenneth E.","contributorId":10897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Kenneth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":472204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lampe, Carolyn","contributorId":21840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampe","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheirer, Allegra Hosford","contributorId":93985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","middleInitial":"Hosford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045708,"text":"70045708 - 2008 - Low prevalence of avian influenza virus in shorebirds on the Pacific coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:24:35","indexId":"70045708","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low prevalence of avian influenza virus in shorebirds on the Pacific coast of North America","docAbstract":"The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has elevated concerns about wild birds as virus hosts; however, little is known about the ecological and epidemiological factors of transmission by shorebirds. Here we summarize results for 2,773 shorebirds that were live-trapped on the Pacific coast of the United States during 2006-2007 and tested for avian influenza virus using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation. As was the case throughout North America, HPAI H5N1 was not detected in shorebirds during this interval. Contrary to other wild bird groups, most notably waterfowl, the prevalence of even low pathogenicity virus among shorebirds in our study areas in California, Washington, and Alaska was extremely low (0.5%). Virus was detected by RT-PCR from four different species, including, Dunlin (Calidris alpina; N = 3), Western Sandpiper (C. mauri; N = 8), Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus; N = 1), and American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana; N = 1), with the detections in the latter three constituting the first published records for these birds. Based on studies in the eastern United States, we expected, but did not detect (H<sub>1</sub> = 1.6, P = 0.21) elevated avian influenza prevalence among shorebirds during spring migration. Diagnostic tests, which were designed to evaluate testing and sampling methods, indicated poor functioning of traditional virus isolation methods and no improvement in detection likelihood by collecting oropharyngeal swabs in addition to cloacal swab samples for low pathogenicity viruses (Z<sub>1</sub> = 0.7, P = 0.48).","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695-31.4.602","usgsCitation":"Iverson, S.A., Takekawa, J.Y., Schwarzbach, S., Cardona, C.J., Warnock, N., Bishop, M.A., Schirato, G.A., Paroulek, S., Ackerman, J., Ip, S., and Boyce, W.M., 2008, Low prevalence of avian influenza virus in shorebirds on the Pacific coast of North America: Waterbirds, v. 31, no. 4, p. 602-610, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695-31.4.602.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"610","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271651,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695-31.4.602"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180e7e6e4b0df838b924d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Samuel A.","contributorId":52308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarzbach, Steven","contributorId":88038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cardona, Carol J.","contributorId":10536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardona","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bishop, Mary Anne","contributorId":10698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schirato, Greg A.","contributorId":68627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schirato","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paroulek, Sara","contributorId":75041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paroulek","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Boyce, Walter M.","contributorId":75671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
]}