The Chesapeake 2000 Agreement committed its state and federal signatories to “define the water quality conditions necessary to protect aquatic living resources” in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) and its tidal tributaries. Hypoxia is one of the key water quality issues addressed as a result of the above Agreement. This paper summarizes the protection goals and specific criteria intended to achieve those goals for addressing hypoxia. The criteria take into account the variety of Bay habitats and the tendency towards low dissolved oxygen in some areas of the Bay. Stressful dissolved oxygen conditions were characterized for a diverse array of living resources of the Chesapeake Bay by different aquatic habitats: migratory fish spawning and nursery, shallow-water, open-water, deep-water, and deep-channel. The dissolved oxygen criteria derived for each of these habitats are intended to protect against adverse effects on survival, growth, reproduction and behavior. The criteria accommodate both spatial and temporal aspects of low oxygen events, and have been adopted into the Chesapeake Bay states – Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware – and the District of Columbia's water quality standards regulations. These criteria, now in the form of state regulatory standards, are driving an array of land-based and wastewater pollution reduction actions across the six-watershed.
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2009 - Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176169,"text":"70176169 - 2009 - Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico","indexId":"70176169","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T16:14:16","indexId":"70176169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program, four small watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico were monitored to identify and evaluate the effects of geology, landcover, atmospheric deposition, and other factors on stream water quality and quantity. Two catchments are located on coarse-grained granitic plutonic rocks, which weather to quartz- and clay-rich, sandy soils, and two are located on fine-grained volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sediments, which weather to quartz-poor, fine-grained soils. These differing soil materials result in different hydrologic regimes. Soils on the granitic rocks have greater permeability than those developed on the volcaniclastic rocks, allowing more water infiltration and potentially greater landslide erosion rates. For each bedrock type, one catchment was covered with mature rainforest, and the other catchment was affected by agricultural practices typical of eastern Puerto Rico. These practices led to the erosion of much of the original surface soil in the agricultural watersheds, which introduced large quantities of sediment to stream channels. The agricultural watersheds are undergoing natural reforestation, like much of Puerto Rico. Eastern Puerto Rico receives large atmospheric inputs of marine salts, pollutants from the Northern Hemisphere, and Saharan Desert dust. Marine salts contribute over 80 percent of the ionic charge in precipitation, with peak inputs in January. Intense storms, mostly hurricanes, are associated with exceptionally high chloride concentrations in stream waters. Temperate pollution contributes nitrate, ammonia, and sulfate, with maximum inputs during northern cold fronts in January, April, and May. Pollution inputs have increased through time. Desert dust peaks in June and July, during times of maximum dust transport from the Saharan Desert across the Atlantic Ocean.
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In 2007 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) CBP office began a joint effort to develop a suite of Internetaccessible decision-support tools and to help meet the needs of CBP partners to improve water quality and habitat conditions in the Chesapeake Bay and its watersheds. An adaptive management framework is being used to provide a structured decision process for information and individual tools needed to implement and assess practices to improve the condition of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. The Chesapeake Online Adaptive Support Toolkit (COAST) is a collection of web-based analytical tools and information, organized in an adaptive management framework, intended to aid decisionmakers in protecting and restoring the integrity of the Bay ecosystem. The initial version of COAST is focused on water quality issues. During early and mid- 2008, initial ideas for COAST were shared and discussed with various CBP partners and other potential user groups. At these meetings, test cases were selected to help improve understanding of the types of information and analytical functionality that would be most useful for specific partners’ needs. These discussions added considerable knowledge about the nature of decisionmaking for Federal, State, local and nongovernmental partners. Version 1.0 of COAST, released in early winter of 2008, will be further reviewed to determine improvements needed to address implementation and assessment of water quality practices. Future versions of COAST may address other aspects of ecosystem restoration, including restoration of habitat and living resources and maintaining watershed health.
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Predictive models for fish assemblages were constructed to assess biological condition and changes in biodiversity for streams sampled in the eastern United States as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Separate predictive models were developed for northern and southern regions. Reference sites were designated using land cover and local professional judgment. Taxonomic completeness was quantified based on the ratio of the number of observed native fish species expected to occur to the number of expected native fish species. Models for both regions accurately predicted fish species composition at reference sites with relatively high precision and low bias. In general, species that occurred less frequently than expected (decreasers) tended to prefer riffle areas and larger substrates, such as gravel and cobble, whereas increaser species (occurring more frequently than expected) tended to prefer pools, backwater areas, and vegetated and sand substrates. In the north, the percentage of species identified as increasers and the percentage identified as decreasers were equal, whereas in the south nearly two-thirds of the species examined were identified as decreasers. Predictive models of fish species can provide a standardized indicator for consistent assessments of biological condition at varying spatial scales and critical information for an improved understanding of fish species that are potentially at risk of loss with changing water quality conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T08-132.1","usgsCitation":"Meador, M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2009, Predictive models for fish assemblages in eastern USA streams: implications for assessing biodiversity: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, no. 4, p. 725-740, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-132.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-003386","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272208,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T08-132.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.00,24.96 ], [ -100.00,48.97 ], [ -66.98,48.97 ], [ -66.98,24.96 ], [ -100.00,24.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"138","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c75e4b0b290851048f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162096,"text":"70162096 - 2009 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Superior, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:28:54","indexId":"70162096","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Superior, 2008","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Science Center has conducted annual daytime bottom trawl surveys of the Lake Superior nearshore (15-80 m bathymetric depth zone) every spring since 1978 to provide a long-term index of relative abundance and biomass of the fish community. Between May 5 and June 14, 2008, 58 stations were sampled around the perimeter of the lake with 12-m wide bottom trawls. Trawls were deployed cross-contour at median start and end depths of 17 and 55 m, respectively. The lakewide mean relative biomass estimate for the entire fish community was 4.61 kg/ha which was similar to that measured in 2007, 4.81 kg/ha. Dominant species in the catch were lake whitefish, rainbow smelt, longnose sucker and cisco, which represented 49, 18, 11, and 7 % of the total community biomass, respectively. Compared to 2007 levels, lake whitefish and cisco biomass increased 35% and 55%, respectively, while bloater and rainbow smelt biomass declined 69% and 41%, respectively. Increased biomass of lake whitefish and decreased biomass in bloater represent trends observed since 2007; however, reversed trends in biomass were observed for cisco and rainbow smelt. Year-class strength for the 2007 cisco cohort (0.20 fish/ha) was below the long-term (1977-2007) average (73.31 fish/ha), as was year-class strength for the 2007 bloater cohort (0.33 fish/ha) compared to the long-term average (11.11 fish/ha). Smelt year class strength (226.26 fish/ha) continues a trend of increasing strength from a 31-year low of 56.75 fish/ha in 2001 and was above the long-term average of 193.81 fish/ha. The 2008 cisco age structure was dominated by age 5 and older fish, which accounted for 82% of the mean relative density. Wisconsin waters continue to be the most productive (mean total community biomass of 17.09 kg/ha), followed by western Ontario (5.40 kg/ha), eastern Ontario (3.08 kg/ha), Michigan (2.82 kg/ha), and Minnesota (0.89 kg/ha).
Densities of small (400 mm) hatchery lake trout continued a pattern of decline observed since 1993-1996 to 0.04, 0.03 and 0.01 fish/ha in 2008, respectively. Densities of small and large wild (lean) lake trout continued a decreasing trend observed since 1996-1998. From 2007 to 2008, density of small lean lake trout declined from 0.29 to 0.15 fish/ha, the lowest value since 1978. Density of large lean lake trout has been relatively stable since 1986 but more recently density declined from 0.43 fish/ha in 2006 to 0.10 fish/ha in 2008. Density of intermediate size lean lake trout showed a small increase from 0.31 in 2007 to 0.41 fish/ha in 2008. Siscowet lake trout have shown a pattern of variable but increasing density since 1980. Since 2006, densities of small and intermediate size siscowet lake trout have increased from 0.10 to 0.12 and 0.08 to 0.15 fish/ha, respectively. Densities of large siscowet lake trout have fluctuated between 0.10 and 0.07 fish/ha since 2000. In 2008 the proportions of total lake trout density that were hatchery, lean and siscowet were 8, 60, and 32%, respectively.
","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Superior Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 25, 2009","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., Evrard, L.M., Cholwek, G.A., Falck, J.M., and Yule, D., 2009, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Superior, 2008, Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Superior Committee Meeting, March 25, 2009, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012839","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314248,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/2040411809"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea8e4b006455f2d6202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cholwek, Gary A. gcholwek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cholwek","given":"Gary","email":"gcholwek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falck, Jill M.","contributorId":152211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falck","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. 0000-0002-0117-5115 dyule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":139532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036692,"text":"70036692 - 2009 - Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036692","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) has invaded riparian ecosystems throughout the Western United States, including significant portions of riparian ecosystems within U.S. National Parks and Monuments. Recently, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) was released as a tamarisk biocontrol agent. Although initial releases have been monitored, no comprehensive program is currently in place to monitor the rapid spread of Diorhabda that has resulted from numerous subsequent releases by county and state agencies. Long term monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and its impacts on habitat and water resources is needed. This study examines the potential for using higher spatial resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and lower spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for monitoring defoliation caused by Diorhabda and subsequent changes in evapotranspiration (ET). Widespread tamarisk defoliation was observed in an eastern Utah study area during summer 2007. ASTER normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed only minor changes between 2005 and 2006, but a significant drop in NDVI was found within riparian areas between 2006 and 2007. The decrease in NDVI caused by defoliation was apparent despite partial refoliation within the study area. MODIS time series data revealed that absolute decline in EVI varied by site, but that the timing of EVI decline during summer 2007 was early with respect to phenological patterns from 2001 through 2006. Defoliation caused decreases in ET values estimated from both ASTER and MODIS data. MODIS estimated ET declined earlier than in previous years, although annual ET was not significantly different than ET in previous years due to high year-to-year variability. Challenges to detection and monitoring of tamarisk defoliation include spectral mixing of tamarisk and other cover types at subpixel spatial resolution, spatial coregistration of time series images, the timing of image acquisition, and changes unrelated to defoliation in non-tamarisk land cover over time. Continued development of the techniques presented in this paper may allow monitoring the spread of Diorhabda and assessment of potential water salvage resulting from biocontrol of tamarisk. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Dennison, P., Nagler, P., Hultine, K.R., Glenn, E.P., and Ehleringer, J., 2009, Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 7, p. 1462-1472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022.","startPage":"1462","endPage":"1472","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022"},{"id":245850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6efe4b0c8380cd8511f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennison, P.E.","contributorId":73430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehleringer, J.R.","contributorId":47965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034763,"text":"70034763 - 2009 - Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T16:08:13","indexId":"70034763","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","docAbstract":"We present a mid to late Holocene sea-level record derived from drilling the New Jersey coast that shows a relatively constant rise of 1.8??mm/yr from ~ 5000 to 500 calibrated calendar years before present (yrBP). This contrasts with previous New Jersey estimates that showed only 0.5??mm/yr rise since 2000??yrBP. Comparison with other Mid-Atlantic sea-level records (Delaware to southern New England) indicates surprising uniformity considering different proximities to the peripheral bulge of the Laurentide ice sheet, with a relative rise throughout the region of ~ 1.7-1.9??mm/yr since ~ 5000??yrBP. This regional sea-level rise includes both: 1) global sea-level (eustatic) rise; and 2) far-field geoidal subsidence (estimated as ~ 0.8-1.4??mm/yr today) due to removal of the Laurentide ice sheet and water loading. Correcting for geoidal subsidence, the U.S. east coast records suggest a global sea-level (eustatic) rise of ~ 0.4-1.0??mm/yr (with a best estimate of 0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr) since 5000??yrBP. Comparison with other records provides a best estimate of pre-anthropogenic global sea-level rise of < 1.0??mm/yr from 5000 until ~ 200??yrBP. Tide gauge data indicate a 20th century rate of eustatic rise of 1.8??mm/yr, whereas both tide gauge and satellite data suggest an increase in the rate of rise to ~ 3.3??mm/yr from 1993-2006 AD. This indicates that the modern rise (~ 3.3??mm/yr) is significantly higher than the pre-anthropogenic rise (0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr). ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J.V., Horton, B.P., Stanley, A., Kahn, A., Uptegrove, J., and Aucott, M., 2009, Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes: Global and Planetary Change, v. 66, no. 1-2, p. 10-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b881ae4b08c986b3167df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter J.","contributorId":9251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Alissa","contributorId":26156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Alissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kahn, Alicia","contributorId":45136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahn","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Uptegrove, Jane","contributorId":35406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uptegrove","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aucott, Michael","contributorId":67320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034721,"text":"70034721 - 2009 - Thiamine content of eggs and lengths of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in eastern Lake ontario, 2003 to 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T12:55:48.608574","indexId":"70034721","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thiamine content of eggs and lengths of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in eastern Lake ontario, 2003 to 2006","docAbstract":"Early mortality syndrome in fry of Great Lakes salmonines is linked to reduced levels of thiamine in eggs, which reflects maternal consumption of forage fishes such as alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) that contain thiaminase, an enzyme that destroys thiamine. We assessed annual variations in abundance and condition of alewives and thiamine status of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Lake Ontario. We analyzed total thiamine in eggs of 20 coho salmon collected annually between 2003 and 2006 at the Salmon River Hatchery on the Salmon River, New York. Alewife abundance was assessed annually in southern and eastern Lake Ontario with bottom trawls during late April and early May. Mean thiamine concentration in eggs varied annually, with those collected in 2003 (2.5 nmol/g) being significantly higher than those collected in 2004 to 2006 (1.5 to 1.7 nmol/g). Although we did not test survival of fry, if reported threshold levels of thiamine for preventing mortality of Lake Michigan coho salmon fry apply, then many or most Lake Ontario coho salmon produced fry were likely to incur thiamine-deficiency mortality, especially during years 2004 to 2006. Comparison to indices of annual abundance of alewife in Lake Ontario with thiamine concentration in coho salmon eggs failed to show any significant correlations (P > 0.05). However, total length of female spawning coho salmon was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with increasing condition and estimated energy content of adult alewives in the previous spring. These results suggest that growth of coho salmon in Lake Ontario was first limited by energy intake, whereas the amount of thiamine provided by alewives was sufficient for growth (in length) but not for producing thiamine-adequate eggs.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2009.9664289","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., Rinchard, J., O'Gorman, R., Begnoche, L., Bishop, D., and Greulich, A., 2009, Thiamine content of eggs and lengths of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in eastern Lake ontario, 2003 to 2006: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 247-254, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2009.9664289.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2009.9664289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.57470703125,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -77.05810546875,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -77.67333984375,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 43.9058083561574\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -78.06884765624999,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -77.552490234375,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -76.92626953125,\n 43.26920624914964\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 43.57243174740972\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 43.858296779161826\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 43.98491011404692\n ],\n [\n -76.57470703125,\n 44.24519901522129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb294e4b08c986b3258c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinchard, J.","contributorId":79290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinchard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Begnoche, L.J.","contributorId":103025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bishop, D.L.","contributorId":19393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greulich, A.W.","contributorId":9490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greulich","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034427,"text":"70034427 - 2009 - Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034427","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?","docAbstract":"[1] The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is a classic narrow rift that developed in hot, weak lithosphere, not in the initially cold, thick, and strong lithosphere that would be predicted by common models of rift mode formation. Our new 1-D seismic velocity profiles from Rayleigh wave/receiver function joint inversion across the MER and the Ethiopian Plateau indicate that hot lower crust and upper mantle are present throughout the broad region affected by Oligocene flood basalt volcanism, including both the present rift and the adjacent Ethiopian Plateau hundreds of kilometers from the rift valley. The region of hot lithosphere closely corresponds to the region of flood basalt volcanism, and we interpret that the volcanism and thermal perturbation were jointly caused by impingement of the Afar plume head. Across the affected region, Vs is 3.6-3.8 km/s in the lowermost crust and ???4.3 km/s in the uppermost mantle, both ??0.3 km/s lower than in the eastern and western branches of the East African Rift System to the south. We interpret the low Vs in the lower crust and upper mantle as indicative of hot lithosphere with partial melt. Our results lead to a hybrid rift mode, in which the brittle upper crust has developed as a narrow rift along the Neoproterozoic suture between East and West Gondwana, while at depth lithospheric deformation is distributed over the broad region (??400 km wide) thermally perturbed by the broad thermal upwelling associated with the Afar plume head. Development of both the East African Rift System to the south (in cold, strong lithosphere) and the MER to the north (in hot, weak lithosphere) as narrow rifts, despite their vastly different initial thermal states and depth-integrated lithospheric strength, indicates that common models of rift mode formation that focus only on temperature, thickness, and vertical strength profiles do not apply to these classic continental rifts. Instead, inherited structure and associated lithospheric weaknesses are the primary control on the mode of extension. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002293","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Keranen, K., Klemperer, S., Julia, J., Lawrence, J.F., and Nyblade, A., 2009, Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002293.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476395,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002293"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a08e4b0c8380cd68a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keranen, K.M.","contributorId":21788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keranen","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemperer, S.L.","contributorId":52734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Julia, J.","contributorId":47202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawrence, J. F.","contributorId":14224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7033,"text":"School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nyblade, A.A.","contributorId":75703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyblade","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034161,"text":"70034161 - 2009 - Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T14:18:32","indexId":"70034161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth","docAbstract":"The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville drill cores from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure provide one of the most complete geologic sections ever obtained from an impact structure. This paper presents a series of geologic columns and descriptive lithologic information for the lower impactite and crystalline-rock sections in the cores. The lowermost cored section (1766-1551 m depth) is a complex assemblage of mica schists that commonly contain graphite and fibrolitic sillimanite, intrusive granite pegmatites that grade into coarse granite, and local zones of mylonitic deformation. This basement-derived section is variably overprinted by brittle cataclastic fabrics and locally cut by dikes of polymict impact breccia, including several suevite dikes. An overlying succession of suevites and lithic impact breccias (1551-1397 m) includes a lower section dominated by polymict lithic impact breccia with blocks (up to 17 m) and boulders of cataclastic gneiss and an upper section (above 1474 m) of suevites and clast-rich impact melt rocks. The uppermost suevite is overlain by 26 m (1397-1371 m) of gravelly quartz sand that contains an amphibolite block and boulders of cataclasite and suevite. Above the sand, a 275-m-thick allochthonous granite slab (1371-1096 m) includes gneissic biotite granite, fine- and medium-to-coarse-grained biotite granites, and red altered granite near the base. The granite slab is overlain by more gravelly sand, and both are attributed to debris-avalanche and/or rockslide deposition that slightly preceded or accompanied seawater-resurge into the collapsing transient crater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Gibson, R., Reimold, W., Wittmann, A., Gohn, G., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 21-49, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(02).","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1938e4b0c8380cd558fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, R.L.","contributorId":105143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimold, W.U.","contributorId":103401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wittmann, A.","contributorId":67744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittmann","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034092,"text":"70034092 - 2009 - Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville A and B cores, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Sediment-clast breccias, 1096 to 444 m depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:42:51","indexId":"70034092","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville A and B cores, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Sediment-clast breccias, 1096 to 444 m depth","docAbstract":"The national forests (NFs) in the United States are protected areas managed for multiple purposes, and therefore are subject to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Monitoring forest changes arising from such disturbances and the post-disturbance recovery processes is essential for assessing the conditions of the NFs and the effectiveness of management approaches. In this study, we used time series stacks of Landsat images (LTSS) to evaluate the dynamics of seven NFs in eastern United States, including the De Soto NF, the Talladega NF, the Francis Marion NF, and the Uwharrie NF in southeastern U.S., and the Chequamegon NF, the Hiawatha NF, and the Superior NF in northern U.S. Each LTSS consisted of 12–14 Landsat images acquired for the same location, spanning from 1984 to 2006 with a nominal interval of one image every 2 years. Each LTSS was analyzed using a vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm to map forest disturbance. Accuracy assessments of the derived disturbance maps revealed that they had overall accuracy values of about 80%, with most of the disturbance classes having user's accuracies ranging from 70% to 95%. The producer's accuracies were generally lower, with the majority being in the range between 50% and 70%. While this may suggest that the disturbance maps could slightly underestimate disturbances, a more detailed assessment of the omission errors revealed that the majority of the disagreements were due to minor disturbances like thinning or storm damages that were identified by the image analysts but were not captured by the VCT algorithm.
The derived disturbance year maps revealed that while each of the seven NFs consisted of 90% or more forest land, significant portions of the forests were disturbed since 1984. Mapped disturbances accounted for about 30%–45% of total land area in the four NFs in southeastern U.S. and about 10%–20% in the three NFs in northern U.S. The disturbance rates were generally higher in the buffer zones surrounding each NF, and varied considerably over time. The time series approach employed in this study represents a new approach for monitoring forest resources using the Landsat or similar satellite data records. The disturbance products derived using this approach were spatially explicit and contained much more temporal details than conventional bi-temporal change products, and likely will be found more useful by many users including ecologists and resources managers. The high disturbance rates found in the southeastern U.S. suggest that this region may have a more significant role in modulating the atmospheric carbon budget than currently recognized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.016","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Huang, C., Goward, S., Schleeweis, K., Thomas, N., Masek, J.G., and Zhu, Z., 2009, Dynamics of national forests assessed using the Landsat record: Case studies in eastern United States: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 7, p. 1430-1442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.016.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1430","endPage":"1442","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217718,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.016"}],"volume":"113","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0434e4b0c8380cd50855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, C.","contributorId":65255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goward, S.N.","contributorId":94514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goward","given":"S.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schleeweis, K.","contributorId":10258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleeweis","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masek, J. G.","contributorId":105883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036825,"text":"70036825 - 2009 - Low-btu gas in the US Midcontinent: A challenge for geologists and engineers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-18T13:41:04","indexId":"70036825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-btu gas in the US Midcontinent: A challenge for geologists and engineers","docAbstract":"Several low-btu gas plays can be defined by mapping gas quality by geological horizon in the Midcontinent. Some of the more inviting plays include Permian strata west of the Central Kansas uplift and on the eastern flank of Hugoton field and Mississippi chat and other pays that subcrop beneath (and directly overlie) the basal Pennsylvanian angular unconformity at the southern end of the Central Kansas uplift. Successful development of these plays will require the cooperation of reservoir geologists and process engineers so that the gas can be economically upgraded and sold at a nominal pipeline quality of 950 btu/scf or greater. Nitrogen is the major noncombustible contaminant in these gas fields, and various processes can be utilized to separate it from the hydrocarbon gases. Helium, which is usually found in percentages corresponding to nitrogen, is a possible ancillary sales product in this region. Its separation from the nitrogen, of course, requires additional processing. The engineering solution for low-btu gas depends on the rates, volumes, and chemistry of the gas needing upgrading. Cryogenic methods of nitrogen removal are classically used for larger feed volumes, but smaller feed volumes characteristic of isolated, low-pressure gas fields can now be handled by available small-scale PSA technologies. Operations of these PSA plants are now downscaled for upgrading stripper well gas production. Any nitrogen separation process should be sized, within reason, to match the anticipated flow rate. If the reservoir rock surprises to the upside, the modularity of the upgrading units is critical, for they can be stacked to meet higher volumes. If a reservoir disappoints (and some will), modularity allows the asset to be moved to another site without breaking the bank.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Newell, K.D., Bhattacharya, S., and Sears, M.S., 2009, Low-btu gas in the US Midcontinent: A challenge for geologists and engineers: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 107, no. 34, p. 35-44.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-107/issue-34/exploration___development/low-btu-gas-in-the-us-midcontinent-a-challenge-for-geologists-and-engineers.html"}],"country":"United States","volume":"107","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a1be4b0c8380cd68b02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, K. David","contributorId":76074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhattacharya, Saibal","contributorId":78927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"Saibal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sears, M. Scott","contributorId":91340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sears","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036818,"text":"70036818 - 2009 - Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70036818","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States","docAbstract":"Sand-wedge casts, soil wedges and other non-diastrophic, post-depositional sedimentary structures suggest that Late-Pleistocene permafrost and deep seasonal frost on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain extended at least as far south as southern Delaware, the Eastern Shore and southern Maryland. Heterogeneous cold-climate slope deposits mantle lower valley-side slopes in central Maryland. A widespread pre-existing fragipan is congruent with the inferred palaeo-permafrost table. The high bulk density of the fragipan was probably enhanced by either thaw consolidation when icy permafrost degraded at the active layer-permafrost interface or by liquefaction and compaction when deep seasonal frost thawed. ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ppp.659","issn":"10456740","usgsCitation":"French, H., Demitroff, M., and Newell, W.L., 2009, Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, eastern United States: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 20, no. 3, p. 285-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.659.","startPage":"285","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217485,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.659"},{"id":245436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7587e4b0c8380cd77bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, H.","contributorId":15441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demitroff, M.","contributorId":101891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demitroff","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L. wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":99114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036614,"text":"70036614 - 2009 - Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036614","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus)","docAbstract":"Models of species' demographic features are commonly used to understand population dynamics and inform management tactics. Hierarchical demographic models are ideal for the assessment of non-indigenous species because our knowledge of non-indigenous populations is usually limited, data on demographic traits often come from a species' native range, these traits vary among populations, and traits are likely to vary considerably over time as species adapt to new environments. Hierarchical models readily incorporate this spatiotemporal variation in species' demographic traits by representing demographic parameters as multi-level hierarchies. As is done for traditional non-hierarchical matrix models, sensitivity and elasticity analyses are used to evaluate the contributions of different life stages and parameters to estimates of population growth rate. We applied a hierarchical model to northern snakehead (Channa argus), a fish currently invading the eastern United States. We used a Monte Carlo approach to simulate uncertainties in the sensitivity and elasticity analyses and to project future population persistence under selected management tactics. We gathered key biological information on northern snakehead natural mortality, maturity and recruitment in its native Asian environment. We compared the model performance with and without hierarchy of parameters. Our results suggest that ignoring the hierarchy of parameters in demographic models may result in poor estimates of population size and growth and may lead to erroneous management advice. In our case, the hierarchy used multi-level distributions to simulate the heterogeneity of demographic parameters across different locations or situations. The probability that the northern snakehead population will increase and harm the native fauna is considerable. Our elasticity and prognostic analyses showed that intensive control efforts immediately prior to spawning and/or juvenile-dispersal periods would be more effective (and probably require less effort) than year-round control efforts. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the hierarchy of parameters in estimating population growth rate and evaluating different management strategies for non-indigenous invasive species. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Jiao, Y., Lapointe, N., Angermeier, P., and Murphy, B., 2009, Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus): Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 13-14, p. 1681-1689, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1689","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008"},{"id":245604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"13-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a309ae4b0c8380cd5d7ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiao, Y.","contributorId":22996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapointe, N.W.R.","contributorId":76558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapointe","given":"N.W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, B.R.","contributorId":88986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036588,"text":"70036588 - 2009 - A spatial model to prioritize sagebrush landscapes in the intermountain west (U.S.A.) for restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T11:33:45","indexId":"70036588","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial model to prioritize sagebrush landscapes in the intermountain west (U.S.A.) for restoration","docAbstract":"The ecological integrity of Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the Intermountain West (U.S.A.) has been diminished by synergistic relationships among human activities, spread of invasive plants, and altered disturbance regimes. An aggressive effort to restore Sagebrush habitats is necessary if we are to stabilize or improve current habitat trajectories and reverse declining population trends of dependent wildlife. Existing economic resources, technical impediments, and logistic difficulties limit our efforts to a fraction of the extensive area undergoing fragmentation, degradation, and loss. We prioritized landscapes for restoring Sagebrush habitats within the intermountain western region of the United States using geographic information system (GIS) modeling techniques to identify areas meeting a set of conditions based on (1) optimum abiotic and biotic conditions favorable for revegetation of Sagebrush; (2) potential to increase connectivity of Sagebrush habitats in the landscape to benefit wildlife; (3) location of population strongholds for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, a species of conservation concern); and (4) potential impediments to successful restoration created by Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum, an invasive exotic annual grass). Approximately 5.8 million ha in southwestern Idaho, northern Nevada, and eastern Oregon met our criteria for restoring Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) and 5.1 million ha had high priority for restoring Mountain big sagebrush (A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana). Our results represent an integral component in a hierarchical framework after which site-specific locations for treatments can be focused within high-priority areas. Using this approach, long-term restoration strategies can be implemented that combine local-scale treatments and objectives with large-scale ecological processes and priorities. ?? 2008 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00400.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Meinke, C., Knick, S., and Pyke, D., 2009, A spatial model to prioritize sagebrush landscapes in the intermountain west (U.S.A.) for restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 17, no. 5, p. 652-659, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00400.x.","startPage":"652","endPage":"659","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00400.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a1e4b0c8380cd46eaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinke, C.W.","contributorId":21347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinke","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knick, S.T.","contributorId":71290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, D.A.","contributorId":62713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037362,"text":"70037362 - 2009 - Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T14:54:41.531875","indexId":"70037362","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"At Hancock Summit West, Nevada, western USA, uppermost Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) and lower and middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) rocks of the lower Guilmette Formation include, in stratigraphic sequence, carbonate-platform facies of the conodont falsiovalis, transitans, and punctata Zones; the type Alamo Breccia Member of the middle punctata Zone; and slope facies of the punctata and hassi Zones. The catastrophically deposited Alamo Breccia and related phenomena record the ~ 382 Ma Alamo event, produced by a km-scale bolide impact into a marine setting seaward of an extensive carbonate platform fringing western North America. Re-evaluation of conodonts from the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member, together with regional sedimentologic and conodont biofacies comparisons, now firmly locates the onset of the Johnson et al. (1985) transgressive–regressive (T–R) cycle IIc, which occurred after the start of the punctata Zone, within a parautochthonous megablock low in the Alamo Breccia.
Whole-rock carbon isotope analyses through the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member reveal two positive δ13Ccarb excursions: (1) a small, 3‰ excursion, which is possibly correlative with the falsiovalis Event previously identified from sections in Western Europe and Australia, occurs below the breccia in the Upper falsiovalis Zone to early part of the transitans Zone; and (2) a large, multi-part excursion, dominated by a 6‰ positive shift, begins above the start of the punctata Zone and onset of T–R cycle IIc and continues above the Alamo Breccia, ending near the punctata– hassi zonal boundary. This large excursion correlates with the punctata Event, a major positive δ13C excursion previously recognized in eastern Laurussia and northern Gondwana. Consistent with previous studies, at Hancock Summit West the punctata Event is apparently not associated with any regional extinctions or ecosystem reorganizations.
In the study area, onset of the main punctata Event began after the start of both the punctata Zone and T–R cycle IIc, and preceded the Alamo impact by less than 650 k.y., as inferred from conodont biochronologic and regional rock-accumulation rate estimates. Although complicated by the heterolithic, high-energy deposits of the Alamo Breccia, the carbon isotope record of the breccia and post-breccia beds does not indicate a major impact-correlative perturbation to the carbon cycle.
This study extends recognition of the punctata Event to western Laurussia, further reinforcing the potential global scale of the event and its potential importance to understanding early to middle Frasnian marine geochemistry and palaeoenvironments. Based on previous models and our observations, increased tectonic activity, increased nutrient flux to oceans, increased marine bioproductivity, widespread anoxia, and increased organic carbon burial were all likely key factors in driving the punctata Event excursion. Furthermore, periodic eustatic and regional relative sea-level rises may have played an important role in promoting organic carbon burial and in maintaining a link between the primary open-marine geochemical signal and that recorded on the shallow-marine, lower Guilmette carbonate platform.
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R.","contributorId":58716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malkowski, K.","contributorId":54819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malkowski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joachimski, M.M.","contributorId":54436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joachimski","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035372,"text":"70035372 - 2009 - Rock-avalanche and ocean-resurge deposits in the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Evidence from the ICDP-USGS Eyreville cores, Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:40:43","indexId":"70035372","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock-avalanche and ocean-resurge deposits in the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Evidence from the ICDP-USGS Eyreville cores, Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"An unusually thick section of sedimentary breccias dominated by target-sediment clasts is a distinctive feature of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure. A cored 1766-m-deep section recovered from the central part of this marine-target structure by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) drilling project contains 678 m of these breccias and associated sediments and an intervening 275-m-thick granite slab. Two sedimentary breccia units consist almost entirely of Cretaceous nonmarine sediments derived from the lower part of the target sediment layer. These sediments are present as coherent clasts and as autoclastic matrix between the clasts. Primary (Cretaceous) sedimentary structures are well preserved in some clasts, and liquefaction and fluidization structures produced at the site of deposition occur in the clasts and matrix. These sedimentary breccias are interpreted as one or more rock avalanches from the upper part of the transient-cavity wall. The little-deformed, unshocked granite slab probably was transported as part of an extremely large slide or avalanche. Water-saturated Cretaceous quartz sand below the slab was transported into the seafloor crater prior to, or concurrently with, the granite slab. Two sedimentary breccia units consist of polymict diamictons that contain cobbles, boulders, and blocks of Cretaceous nonmarine target sediments and less common shocked-rock and melt ejecta in an unsorted, unstratified, muddy, fossiliferous, glauconitic quartz matrix. Much of the matrix material was derived from Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene marine target sediments. These units are interpreted as the deposits of debris flows initiated by the resurge of ocean water into the seafloor crater. Interlayering of avalanche and debris-flow units indicates a partial temporal overlap of the earlier avalanche and later resurge processes. A thin unit of stratified turbidite deposits and overlying laminated fine-grained deposits at the top of the section represents the transition to normal shelf sedimentation. ?
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(26)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Gohn, G., Powars, D.S., Dypvik, H., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, Rock-avalanche and ocean-resurge deposits in the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Evidence from the ICDP-USGS Eyreville cores, Virginia, USA: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 587-615, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(26).","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae05e4b0c8380cd86ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dypvik, H.","contributorId":104299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dypvik","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037246,"text":"70037246 - 2009 - Windthrow and salvage logging in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037246","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Windthrow and salvage logging in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest","docAbstract":"Although the initial response to salvage (also known as, post-disturbance or sanitary) logging is known to vary among system components, little is known about longer term forest recovery. We examine forest overstory, understory, soil, and microtopographic response 25 years after a 1977 severe wind disturbance on the Flambeau River State Forest in Wisconsin, USA, a portion of which was salvage logged. Within this former old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest, tree dominance has shifted from Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to broad-leaf deciduous species (Ulmus americana, Acer saccharum, Tilia americana, Populus tremuloides, and Betula alleghaniensis) in both the salvaged and unsalvaged areas. While the biological legacies of pre-disturbance seedlings, saplings, and mature trees were initially more abundant in the unsalvaged area, regeneration through root suckers and stump sprouts was common in both areas. After 25 years, tree basal area, sapling density, shrub layer density, and seedling cover had converged between unsalvaged and salvaged areas. In contrast, understory herb communities differed between salvaged and unsalvaged forest, with salvaged forest containing significantly higher understory herb richness and cover, and greater dominance of species benefiting from disturbance, especially Solidago species. Soil bulk density, pH, organic carbon content, and organic nitrogen content were also significantly higher in the salvaged area. The structural legacy of tip-up microtopography remains more pronounced in the unsalvaged area, with significantly taller tip-up mounds and deeper pits. Mosses and some forest herbs, including Athyrium filix-femina and Hydrophyllum virginianum, showed strong positive responses to this tip-up microrelief, highlighting the importance of these structural legacies for understory biodiversity. In sum, although the pathways of recovery differed, this forest appeared to be as resilient to the compound disturbances of windthrow plus salvage logging as to wind disturbance alone, by most vegetative measures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.042","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Lang, K., Schulte, L., and Guntenspergen, G., 2009, Windthrow and salvage logging in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 259, no. 1, p. 56-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.042.","startPage":"56","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476436,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/16","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.042"},{"id":245124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"259","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd12be4b08c986b32f28d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, K.D.","contributorId":53630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulte, L.A.","contributorId":10131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}