{"pageNumber":"2046","pageRowStart":"51125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184738,"records":[{"id":70037133,"text":"70037133 - 2009 - Net Loss of CaCO3 from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: Mesocosm-scale experimental evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T16:46:04.189193","indexId":"70037133","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Net Loss of CaCO<sub>3</sub> from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: Mesocosm-scale experimental evidence","title":"Net Loss of CaCO3 from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: Mesocosm-scale experimental evidence","docAbstract":"Acidification of seawater owing to oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> originating from human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and land-use changes has raised serious concerns regarding its adverse effects on corals and calcifying communities. Here we demonstrate a net loss of calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) material as a result of decreased calcification and increased carbonate dissolution from replicated subtropical coral reef communities (N=3) incubated in continuous-flow mesocosms subject to future seawater conditions. The calcifying community was dominated by the coral Montipora capitata. Daily average community calcification or Net Ecosystem Calcification (NECC=CaCO<sub>3</sub> production - dissolution) was positive at 3.3 mmol CaCO<sub>3</sub> m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> under ambient seawater pCO<sub>2</sub> conditions as opposed to negative at -0.04 mmol CaCO<sub>3</sub> m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> under seawater conditions of double the ambient pCO<sub>2</sub>. These experimental results provide support for the conclusion that some net calcifying communities could become subject to net dissolution in response to anthropogenic ocean acidification within this century. Nevertheless, individual corals remained healthy, actively calcified (albeit slower than at present rates), and deposited significant amounts of CaCO<sub>3</sub> under the prevailing experimental seawater conditions of elevated pCO<sub>2</sub>.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-6-1811-2009","usgsCitation":"Andersson, A., Kuffner, I., MacKenzie, F., Jokiel, P., Rodgers, K.S., and Tan, A., 2009, Net Loss of CaCO3 from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: Mesocosm-scale experimental evidence: Biogeosciences, v. 6, no. 8, p. 1811-1823, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1811-2009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1823","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487217,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1811-2009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64e8e4b0c8380cd72a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersson, A.J.","contributorId":38265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuffner, I. B.","contributorId":40328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"I. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, F.T.","contributorId":25681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jokiel, P. L.","contributorId":80367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokiel","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodgers, K. S.","contributorId":40288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tan, A.","contributorId":75766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036801,"text":"70036801 - 2009 - Sediment yield from the tectonically active semiarid Western Transverse Ranges of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036801","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment yield from the tectonically active semiarid Western Transverse Ranges of California","docAbstract":"Sediment yields from the world's rivers are generally highest from steep drainage basins with weak lithology, active tectonics, or severe land-use impacts. Here, we evaluate sediment yields from the Western Transverse Ranges of California in an attempt to explain why they are two- to tenfold greater than the surrounding areas of California. We found that suspended-sediment yields across the gauged basins of the Western Transverse Range during 1969-1999 varied by approximately an order of magnitude (740-5300 t/km<sup>2</sup>/yr). Similarly, fine-sediment concentrations for normalized discharge rates varied by almost two orders of magnitude (e.g., 1.3-110 g/L for the mean annual flood) for 11 previously unmonitored drainages of the Santa Ynez Mountains. Areas with high sediment yields consistently have weakly consolidated bedrock (Quaternary-Pliocene marine formations) and are associated with the highest rates of tectonic uplift of the region (&gt;5 mm/yr). These regions are important to the sediment discharge budgets, because ???50% of the total suspended-sediment discharge from the Western Transverse Range is estimated to be generated within these regions, even though they represent only ???10% of the total watershed area. Previous estimates of suspended-sediment discharge from the Ventura River have likely been underestimated by ???50% because the gauging station is located immediately upstream of a high sediment yield region. We also found a significant and positive correlation between sediment yield and the percentage of a watershed with grassland and agricultural land use. These results suggest that there is adequate variation within the lithology, tectonics, and land use of the broader Western Transverse Range geologic province to induce large variations in sediment yield at the local scale. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26452.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., and Mertes, L., 2009, Sediment yield from the tectonically active semiarid Western Transverse Ranges of California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 121, no. 7-8, p. 1054-1070, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26452.1.","startPage":"1054","endPage":"1070","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26452.1"},{"id":245643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89f8e4b08c986b316f75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mertes, L.A.K.","contributorId":50681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mertes","given":"L.A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037249,"text":"70037249 - 2009 - Seismic reflection characteristics of naturally-induced subsidence affecting transportation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037249","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic reflection characteristics of naturally-induced subsidence affecting transportation","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflections have been used effectively to investigate sinkholes formed from the dissolution of a bedded salt unit found throughout most of Central Kansas. Surface subsidence can have devastating effects on transportation structures. Roads, rails, bridges, and pipelines can even be dramatically affected by minor ground instability. Areas susceptible to surface subsidence can put public safety at risk. Subsurface expressions significantly larger than surface depressions are consistently observed on seismic images recorded over sinkholes in Kansas. Until subsidence reaches the ground surface, failure appears to be controlled by compressional forces evidenced by faults with reverse orientation. Once a surface depression forms or dissolution of the salt slows or stops, subsidence structures are consistent with a tensional stress environment with prevalent normal faults. Detecting areas of rapid subsidence potential, prior to surface failure, is the ultimate goal of any geotechnical survey where the ground surface is susceptible to settling. Seismic reflection images have helped correlate active subsidence to dormant paleofeatures, project horizontal growth of active sinkholes based on subsurface structures, and appraise the risk of catastrophic failure. ?? China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2009.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Earth Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12583-009-0042-z","issn":"1674487X","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., Xia, J., and Steeples, D., 2009, Seismic reflection characteristics of naturally-induced subsidence affecting transportation, <i>in</i> Journal of Earth Science, v. 20, no. 3, p. 496-512, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0042-z.","startPage":"496","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0042-z"},{"id":245153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b3fe4b08c986b3176d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steeples, D.W.","contributorId":45057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeples","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037014,"text":"70037014 - 2009 - The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T13:47:42","indexId":"70037014","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences","docAbstract":"<p>Most current climate-carbon cycle models that include the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle are based on a model developed 40 years ago by Woodwell &amp; Whittaker (1968) and omit advances in biogeochemical understanding since that time. Their model treats net C emissions from ecosystems as the balance between net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (HR, i.e. primarily decomposition).</p>\n<p>Under conditions near steady state, geographic patterns of decomposition closely match those of NPP, and net C emissions are adequately described as a simple balance of NPP and HR (the Woodwell-Whittaker model). This close coupling between NPP and HR occurs largely because of tight coupling between C and N (nitrogen) cycles and because NPP constrains the food available to heterotrophs.</p>\n<p>Processes in addition to NPP and HR become important to understanding net C emissions from ecosystems under conditions of rapid changes in climate, hydrology, atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, land cover, species composition and/or N deposition. Inclusion of these processes in climate-C cycle models would improve their capacity to simulate recent and future climatic change.</p>\n<p>Processes that appear critical to soil C dynamics but warrant further research before incorporation into ecosystem models include below-ground C flux and its partitioning among roots, mycorrhizas and exudates; microbial community effects on C sequestration; and the effects of temperature and labile C on decomposition. The controls over and consequences of these processes are still unclear at the ecosystem scale.</p>\n<p>Carbon fluxes in addition to NPP and HR exert strong influences over the climate system under conditions of rapid change. These fluxes include methane release, wildfire, and lateral transfers of food and fibre among ecosystems.</p>\n<p>Water and energy exchanges are important complements to C cycle feedbacks to the climate system, particularly under non-steady-state conditions. An integrated understanding of multiple ecosystem-climate feedbacks provides a strong foundation for policies to mitigate climate change.</p>\n<p><i>Synthesis</i>. Current climate systems models that include only NPP and HR are inadequate under conditions of rapid change. Many of the recent advances in biogeochemical understanding are sufficiently mature to substantially improve representation of ecosystem C dynamics in these models.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Chapin, F.S., McFarland, J., McGuire, D.A., Euskirchen, E., Ruess, R.W., and Kielland, K., 2009, The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences: Journal of Ecology, v. 97, no. 5, p. 840-850, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"840","endPage":"850","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476286,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa16e4b08c986b322706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, F. S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, J.","contributorId":7112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, David A.","contributorId":44677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euskirchen, E.S.","contributorId":44737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kielland, K.","contributorId":98932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kielland","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036794,"text":"70036794 - 2009 - Constructing constitutive relationships for seismic and aseismic fault slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T19:26:02","indexId":"70036794","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constructing constitutive relationships for seismic and aseismic fault slip","docAbstract":"For the purpose of modeling natural fault slip, a useful result from an experimental fault mechanics study would be a physically-based constitutive relation that well characterizes all the relevant observations. This report describes an approach for constructing such equations. Where possible the construction intends to identify or, at least, attribute physical processes and contact scale physics to the observations such that the resulting relations can be extrapolated in conditions and scale between the laboratory and the Earth. The approach is developed as an alternative but is based on Ruina (1983) and is illustrated initially by constructing a couple of relations from that study. In addition, two example constitutive relationships are constructed; these describe laboratory observations not well-modeled by Ruina's equations: the unexpected shear-induced weakening of silica-rich rocks at high slip speed (Goldsby and Tullis, 2002) and fault strength in the brittle ductile transition zone (Shimamoto, 1986). The examples, provided as illustration, may also be useful for quantitative modeling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00024-009-0523-0","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., 2009, Constructing constitutive relationships for seismic and aseismic fault slip: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 166, no. 10-11, p. 1775-1798, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0523-0.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1775","endPage":"1798","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217569,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0523-0"}],"volume":"166","issue":"10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa13e4b0c8380cd4d911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156371,"text":"70156371 - 2009 - After the disaster: The hydrogeomorphic, ecological, and biological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T14:34:03.726485","indexId":"70156371","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"After the disaster: The hydrogeomorphic, ecological, and biological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused instantaneous landscape disturbance on a grand scale. On 18 May 1980, an ensemble of volcanic processes, including a debris avalanche, a directed pyroclastic density current, voluminous lahars, and widespread tephra fall, abruptly altered landscape hydrology and geomorphology, and created distinctive disturbance zones having varying impacts on regional biota. Response to the geological and ecological disturbances has been varied and complex. In general, eruption-induced alterations in landscape hydrology and geomorphology led to enhanced stormflow discharge and sediment transport. Although the hydrological response to landscape perturbation has diminished, enhanced sediment transport persists in some basins. In the nearly 30 years since the eruption, 350 million (metric) tons of suspended sediment has been delivered from the Toutle River watershed to the Cowlitz River (roughly 40 times the average annual preeruption suspended-sediment discharge of the Columbia River). Such prodigious sediment loading has wreaked considerable socioeconomic havoc, causing significant channel aggradation and loss of flood conveyance capacity. Significant and ongoing engineering efforts have been required to mitigate these problems. The overall biological evolution of the eruption-impacted landscape can be viewed in terms of a framework of survivor legacies. Despite appearances to the contrary, a surprising number of species survived the eruption, even in the most heavily devastated areas. With time, survivor &ldquo;hotspots&rdquo; have coalesced into larger patches, and have served as stepping stones for immigrant colonization. The importance of biological legacies will diminish with time, but the intertwined trajectories of geophysical and biological successions will influence the geological and biological responses to the 1980 eruption for decades to come.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Crisafulli, C., and Bishop, J., 2009, After the disaster: The hydrogeomorphic, ecological, and biological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, chap. <i>of</i> Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, p. 111-134.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014552","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.28813171386719,\n              46.043212267295026\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28813171386719,\n              46.28717293114449\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.99012756347658,\n              46.28717293114449\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.99012756347658,\n              46.043212267295026\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28813171386719,\n              46.043212267295026\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8487e4b0824b2d1490b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crisafulli, Charlie","contributorId":92140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crisafulli","given":"Charlie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, John","contributorId":146771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037157,"text":"70037157 - 2009 - The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037157","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub","docAbstract":"Many ecosystems of conservation concern require some level of disturbance to sustain their species composition and ecological function. However, inappropriate disturbance regimes could favor invasion or expansion of exotic species. In southern California coastal sage scrub (CSS) fire is a natural disturbance, but because of human influence, frequencies may now be unnaturally high. Other anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing also occur in reserve areas. Managers charged with imposing or tolerating fire or other disturbance within their reserves are concerned that habitat quality may be degraded by an increasing abundance of exotic plants. We used vegetation monitoring data from Camp Pendleton, California, USA, to assess the correlation between past disturbances (frequent fire, agriculture, or grazing and mechanical disturbances) and current exotic species abundance in CSS. We found that disturbance history was only modestly related to exotic abundance overall, but fire frequency showed the strongest association. We also examined whether cover and richness of various native plant life forms (woody species, perennial herbs, and annual herbs) were more strongly influenced by disturbance history or by exotic-plant abundance. Native plant responses varied among life forms, but woody species and annual herbs were generally more strongly and negatively associated with exotic abundance than with disturbance. Effective CSS conservation will require developing means to curb the negative impacts of exotic plants, which may abound with or without severe or recent disturbance. Additionally, more focus should be given to understory herbs showing sensitivity to invasion. Though understudied, native herbs comprise the greatest portion of plant diversity in CSS and are critical to preservation of the community as a whole. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-1959.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Fleming, G., Diffendorfer, J., and Zedler, P., 2009, The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 8, p. 2210-2227, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1959.1.","startPage":"2210","endPage":"2227","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1959.1"},{"id":245181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2ae4b08c986b3245d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, G.M.","contributorId":56027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, J.E.","contributorId":28569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zedler, P.H.","contributorId":82251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zedler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037153,"text":"70037153 - 2009 - Martian mud volcanism: Terrestrial analogs and implications for formational scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T08:37:34","indexId":"70037153","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Martian mud volcanism: Terrestrial analogs and implications for formational scenarios","docAbstract":"The geology of Mars and the stratigraphic characteristics of its uppermost crust (mega-regolith) suggest that some of the pervasively-occurring pitted cones, mounds, and flows may have formed through processes akin to terrestrial mud volcanism. A comparison of terrestrial mud volcanism suggests that equivalent Martian processes likely required discrete sedimentary depocenters, volatile-enriched strata, buried rheological instabilities, and a mechanism of destabilization to initiate subsurface flow. We outline five formational scenarios whereby Martian mud volcanism might have occurred: (A) rapid deposition of sediments, (B) volcano-induced destabilization, (C) tectonic shortening, (D) long-term, load-induced subsidence, and (E) seismic shaking. We describe locations within and around the Martian northern plains that broadly fit the geological context of these scenarios and which contain mud volcano-like landforms. We compare terrestrial and Martian satellite images and examine the geological settings of mud volcano provinces on Earth in order to describe potential target areas for piercement structures on Mars. Our comparisons help to evaluate not only the role of water as a functional component of geological processes on Mars but also how Martian mud volcanoes could provide samples of otherwise inaccessible strata, some of which could contain astrobiological evidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.02.006","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J., and Mazzini, A., 2009, Martian mud volcanism: Terrestrial analogs and implications for formational scenarios: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 26, no. 9, p. 1866-1878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.02.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1866","endPage":"1878","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5231e4b0c8380cd6c225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzini, A.","contributorId":27293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzini","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037152,"text":"70037152 - 2009 - Contemporaneous deposition of phyllosilicates and sulfates: Using Australian acidic saline lake deposits to describe geochemical variability on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037152","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporaneous deposition of phyllosilicates and sulfates: Using Australian acidic saline lake deposits to describe geochemical variability on Mars","docAbstract":"Studies of the origin of the Martian sulfate and phyllosilicate deposits have led to the hypothesis that there was a marked, global-scale change in the Mars environment from circum-neutral pH aqueous alteration in the Noachian to an acidic evaporitic system in the late Noachian to Hesperian. However, terrestrial studies suggest that two different geochemical systems need not be invoked to explain such geochemical variation.Western Australian acidic playa lakes have large pH differences separated vertically and laterally by only a few tens of meters, demonstrating how highly variable chemistries can coexist over short distances in natural environments. We suggest diverse and variable Martian aqueous environments where the coetaneous formation of phyllosilicates and sulfates at the Australian sites are analogs for regions where phyllosilicates and sulfates coexist on Mars. In these systems, Fe and alkali earth phyllosilicates represent deep facies associated with upwelling neutral to alkaline groundwater, whereas aluminous phyllosilicates and sulfates represent near-surface evaporitic facies formed from more acidic brines. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009GL040069","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Baldridge, A., Hook, S., Crowley, J., Marion, G., Kargel, J., Michalski, J., Thomson, B., de Souza, F.C., Bridges, N., and Brown, A., 2009, Contemporaneous deposition of phyllosilicates and sulfates: Using Australian acidic saline lake deposits to describe geochemical variability on Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040069.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040069"},{"id":245117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4ae4b0c8380cd4da12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldridge, A.M.","contributorId":15037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldridge","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crowley, J.K.","contributorId":103690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marion, G.M.","contributorId":44691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michalski, J.L.","contributorId":77772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michalski","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thomson, B.J.","contributorId":90936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"de Souza, Filho C.R.","contributorId":103483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Souza","given":"Filho","email":"","middleInitial":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brown, A.J.","contributorId":54803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70036792,"text":"70036792 - 2009 - Conversion of sagebrush shrublands to exotic annual grasslands negatively impacts small mammal communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036792","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conversion of sagebrush shrublands to exotic annual grasslands negatively impacts small mammal communities","docAbstract":"Aim The exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is fast replacing sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities throughout the Great Basin Desert and nearby regions in the Western United States, impacting native plant communities and altering fire regimes, which contributes to the long-term persistence of this weedy species. The effect of this conversion on native faunal communities remains largely unexamined. We assess the impact of conversion from native perennial to exotic annual plant communities on desert rodent communities. Location Wyoming big sagebrush shrublands and nearby sites previously converted to cheatgrass-dominated annual grasslands in the Great Basin Desert, Utah, USA. Methods At two sites in Tooele County, Utah, USA, we investigated with Sherman live trapping whether intact sagebrush vegetation and nearby converted Bromus tectorum-dominated vegetation differed in rodent abundance, diversity and community composition. Results Rodent abundance and species richness were considerably greater in sagebrush plots than in cheatgrass-dominated plots. Nine species were captured in sagebrush plots; five of these were also trapped in cheatgrass plots, all at lower abundances than in the sagebrush. In contrast, cheatgrass-dominated plots had no species that were not found in sagebrush. In addition, the site that had been converted to cheatgrass longer had lower abundances of rodents than the site more recently converted to cheatgrass-dominated plots. Despite large differences in abundances and species richness, Simpson's D diversity and Shannon-Wiener diversity and Brillouin evenness indices did not differ between sagebrush and cheatgrass-dominated plots. Main conclusions This survey of rodent communities in native sagebrush and in converted cheatgrass-dominated vegetation suggests that the abundances and community composition of rodents may be shifting, potentially at the larger spatial scale of the entire Great Basin, where cheatgrass continues to invade and dominate more landscape at a rapid rate. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00593.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Ostoja, S., and Schupp, E., 2009, Conversion of sagebrush shrublands to exotic annual grasslands negatively impacts small mammal communities: Diversity and Distributions, v. 15, no. 5, p. 863-870, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00593.x.","startPage":"863","endPage":"870","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476229,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00593.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217537,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00593.x"},{"id":245490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbdbe4b0c8380cd4dfea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostoja, S.M.","contributorId":37574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schupp, E.W.","contributorId":7115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schupp","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036791,"text":"70036791 - 2009 - Episodes of floods in Mangala Valles, Mars, from the analysis of HRSC, MOC and THEMIS images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036791","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodes of floods in Mangala Valles, Mars, from the analysis of HRSC, MOC and THEMIS images","docAbstract":"The Mangala Valles is a 900-km long outflow channel system in the highlands adjacent to the south-eastern flank of the Tharsis bulge. This work was intended to answer the following two questions unresolved in previous studies: (1) Was there only one source of water (Mangala Fossa at the valley head which is one of the Medusae Fossae troughs or graben) or were other sources also involved in the valley-carving water supply, and (2) Was there only one episode of flooding (maybe with phases) or were there several episodes significantly separated in time. The geologic analysis of HRSC image 0286 and mapping supported by analysis of MOC and THEMIS images show that Mangala Valles was carved by water released from several sources. The major source was Mangala Fossa, which probably formed in response to magmatic dike intrusion. The graben cracked the cryosphere and permitted the release of groundwater held under hydrostatic pressure. This major source was augmented by a few smaller-scale sources at localities in (1) two mapped heads of magmatic dikes, (2) heads of two clusters of sinuous channels, and (3) probably several large knob terrain locals. The analysis of results of crater counts at more than 60 localities showed that the first episode of formation of Mangala Valles occurred ???3.5 Ga ago and was followed by three more episodes, one occurred ???1 Ga ago, another one ???0.5 Ga ago, and the last one ???0.2 Ga ago. East of the mapped area there are extended and thick lava flows whose source may be the eastern continuation of the Mangala source graben. Crater counts in 10 localities on these lava flows correlate with those taken on the Mangala valley elements supporting the idea that the valley head graben was caused by dike intrusions. Our observations suggest that the waning stage of the latest flooding episode (???0.2 Ga ago) led to the formation at the valley head of meander-like features sharing some characteristics with meanders of terrestrial rivers. If this analogy is correct this could suggest a short episode of global warming in Late Amazonian time. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2008.07.023","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Basilevsky, A., Neukum, G., Werner, S., Dumke, A., Van Gasselt, S., Kneissl, T., Zuschneid, W., Rommel, D., Wendt, L., Chapman, M., Head, J., and Greeley, R., 2009, Episodes of floods in Mangala Valles, Mars, from the analysis of HRSC, MOC and THEMIS images: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 8-9, p. 917-943, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.07.023.","startPage":"917","endPage":"943","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.07.023"},{"id":245463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0ce4b0c8380cd52188","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basilevsky, A.T.","contributorId":34208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basilevsky","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, S.C.","contributorId":22170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dumke, A.","contributorId":79720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumke","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Gasselt, S.","contributorId":58855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gasselt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kneissl, T.","contributorId":68993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneissl","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zuschneid, W.","contributorId":41681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuschneid","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rommel, D.","contributorId":46799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rommel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wendt, L.","contributorId":61673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wendt","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chapman, M.","contributorId":46800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70037151,"text":"70037151 - 2009 - Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037151","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution","docAbstract":"Convolution modeling is useful for investigating the temporal distribution of groundwater age based on environmental tracers. The framework of a quasi-transient convolution model that is applicable to two-domain flow in karst aquifers is presented. The model was designed to provide an acceptable level of statistical confidence in parameter estimates when only chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium (<sup>3</sup>H) data are available. We show how inverse modeling and uncertainty assessment can be used to constrain model parameterization to a level warranted by available data while allowing major aspects of the flow system to be examined. As an example, the model was applied to water from a pumped well open to the Madison aquifer in central USA with input functions of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and <sup>3</sup>H, and was calibrated to several samples collected during a 16-year period. A bimodal age distribution was modeled to represent quick and slow flow less than 50 years old. The effects of pumping and hydraulic head on the relative volumetric fractions of these domains were found to be influential factors for transient flow. Quick flow and slow flow were estimated to be distributed mainly within the age ranges of 0-2 and 26-41 years, respectively. The fraction of long-term flow (&gt;50 years) was estimated but was not dateable. The different tracers had different degrees of influence on parameter estimation and uncertainty assessments, where <sup>3</sup>H was the most critical, and CFC-113 was least influential.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Putnam, L., 2009, Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 376, no. 3-4, p. 579-588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064.","startPage":"579","endPage":"588","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064"},{"id":245086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8fde4b0c8380cd48014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036965,"text":"70036965 - 2009 - The last glacial maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T13:01:40","indexId":"70036965","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The last glacial maximum","docAbstract":"We used 5704 <sup>14</sup>C, <sup>10</sup>Be, and <sup>3</sup>He ages that span the interval from 10,000 to 50,000 years ago (10 to 50 ka) to constrain the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in terms of global ice-sheet and mountain-glacier extent. Growth of the ice sheets to their maximum positions occurred between 33.0 and 26.5 ka in response to climate forcing from decreases in northern summer insolation, tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Nearly all ice sheets were at their LGM positions from 26.5 ka to 19 to 20 ka, corresponding to minima in these forcings. The onset of Northern Hemisphere deglaciation 19 to 20 ka was induced by an increase in northern summer insolation, providing the source for an abrupt rise in sea level. The onset of deglaciation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet occurred between 14 and 15 ka, consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in sea level ???14.5 ka.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1172873","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Clark, P., Dyke, A.S., Shakun, J., Carlson, A., Clark, J., Wohlfarth, B., Mitrovica, J., Hostetler, S.W., and McCabe, A., 2009, The last glacial maximum: Science, v. 325, no. 5941, p. 710-714, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172873.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"710","endPage":"714","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1172873"},{"id":245474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"325","issue":"5941","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7ace4b08c986b32170f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, P.U.","contributorId":78449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"P.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyke, A. S.","contributorId":8240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyke","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shakun, J.D.","contributorId":100225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shakun","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, A.E.","contributorId":54825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, J.","contributorId":27004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wohlfarth, B.","contributorId":33951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohlfarth","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mitrovica, J.X.","contributorId":105922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovica","given":"J.X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCabe, A.M.","contributorId":70221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036970,"text":"70036970 - 2009 - Deformation band clusters on Mars and implications for subsurface fluid flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T14:01:26","indexId":"70036970","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation band clusters on Mars and implications for subsurface fluid flow","docAbstract":"<p>High-resolution imagery reveals unprecedented lines of evidence for the presence of deformation band clusters in layered sedimentary deposits in the equatorial region of Mars. Deformation bands are a class of geologic structural discontinuity that is a precursor to faults in clastic rocks and soils. Clusters of deformation bands, consisting of many hundreds of individual subparallel bands, can act as important structural controls on subsurface fluid flow in terrestrial reservoirs, and evidence of diagenetic processes is often preserved along them. Deformation band clusters are identified on Mars based on characteristic meter-scale architectures and geologic context as observed in data from the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera. The identification of deformation band clusters on Mars is a key to investigating the migration of fluids between surface and subsurface reservoirs in the planet's vast sedimentary deposits. Similar to terrestrial examples, evidence of diagenesis in the form of light- and dark-toned discoloration and wall-rock induration is recorded along many of the deformation band clusters on Mars. Therefore, these structures are important sites for future exploration and investigations into the geologic history of water and water-related processes on Mars.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B26421.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Okubo, C., Schultz, R.A., Chan, M.A., Komatsu, G., and the HiRISE TEam, 2009, Deformation band clusters on Mars and implications for subsurface fluid flow: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 121, no. 3-4, p. 474-482, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26421.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"121","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe44e4b0c8380cd4ec21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Richard A.","contributorId":49869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chan, Marjorie A.","contributorId":66230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Komatsu, Goro","contributorId":11061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"Goro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"the HiRISE TEam","contributorId":127993,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"the HiRISE TEam","id":756440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036971,"text":"70036971 - 2009 - New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:33:21","indexId":"70036971","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars","docAbstract":"In this paper, we show that the complex geological evolution of Valles Marineris, Mars, has been highly influenced by the manifestation of magmatism (e.g., possible plume activity). This is based on a diversity of evidence, reported here, for the central part, Melas Chasma, and nearby regions, including uplift, loss of huge volumes of material, flexure, volcanism, and possible hydrothermal and endogenic-induced outflow channel activity. Observations include: (1) the identification of a new > 50??km-diameter caldera/vent-like feature on the southwest flank of Melas, which is spatially associated with a previously identified center of tectonic activity using Viking data; (2) a prominent topographic rise at the central part of Valles Marineris, which includes Melas Chasma, interpreted to mark an uplift, consistent with faults that are radial and concentric about it; (3) HiRISE-identified landforms along the floor of the southeast part of Melas Chasma that are interpreted to reveal a volcanic field; (4) CRISM identification of sulfate-rich outcrops, which could be indicative of hydrothermal deposits; (5) GRS K/Th signature interpreted as water-magma interactions and/or variations in rock composition; and (6) geophysical evidence that may indicate partial compensation of the canyon and/or higher density intrusives beneath it. Long-term magma, tectonic, and water interactions (Late Noachian into the Amazonian), albeit intermittent, point to an elevated life potential, and thus Valles Marineris is considered a prime target for future life detection missions. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Williams, J., Anderson, R.C., Ruiz, J., McGuire, P., Komatsu, G., Davila, A., Ferris, J., Schulze-Makuch, D., Baker, V., Boynton, W.V., Fairen, A., Hare, T., Miyamoto, H., Tanaka, K.L., and Wheelock, S., 2009, New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 185, no. 1-2, p. 12-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029.","startPage":"12","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476143,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/10517/1/27-Marte_11.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029"}],"volume":"185","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6577e4b0c8380cd72bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.-P.","contributorId":49185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R. 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L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wheelock, S.J.","contributorId":94523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheelock","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70036790,"text":"70036790 - 2009 - Promoting species establishment in a phragmites-dominated great lakes coastal wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036790","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Promoting species establishment in a phragmites-dominated great lakes coastal wetland","docAbstract":"This study examined efforts to promote species establishment and maintain diversity in a Phragmites-dominated wetland where primary control measures were underway. A treatment experiment was performed at Crane Creek, a drowned-river-mouth wetland in Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge along the shore of western Lake Erie. Following initial aerial spraying of Phragmites with glyphosate, this study tested combinations of cutting, raking, and additional hand spraying of Phragmites with glyphosate as methods to promote growth of other wetland species and increase plant diversity. Percent-cover vegetation data were collected in permanent plots before and after treatments, and follow-up sampling was performed the following year. Increased species richness, species emergence, and relative dominance of non-Phragmites taxa were used as measures of treatment success. We also examined treatment effects on Phragmites cover. Dimensionality of seedbank and soil properties was reduced using principal component analysis. With the exception of nitrogen, soil nutrients affected species establishment, non-Phragmites taxa dominance, and Phragmites cover. A more viable seedbank led to greater species emergence. Treatments had differential effects on diversity depending on elevation and resulting degree of hydrologic inundation. Whereas raking to remove dead Phragmites biomass was central to promoting species establishment in dry areas, spraying had a greater impact in continually inundated areas. For treatment success across elevations into the year following treatments, spraying in combination with cutting and raking had the greatest effect. The results of this study suggest that secondary treatments can produce a short-term benefit to the plant community in areas treated for Phragmites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Areas Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3375/043.029.0306","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Carlson, M., Kowalski, K., and Wilcox, D., 2009, Promoting species establishment in a phragmites-dominated great lakes coastal wetland: Natural Areas Journal, v. 29, no. 3, p. 263-280, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0306.","startPage":"263","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0306"},{"id":245462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f07e4b0c8380cd7f53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, M.L.","contributorId":99681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kowalski, K.P.","contributorId":8975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036973,"text":"70036973 - 2009 - Geoelectrical measurement and modeling of biogeochemical breakthrough behavior during microbial activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T12:32:34","indexId":"70036973","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoelectrical measurement and modeling of biogeochemical breakthrough behavior during microbial activity","docAbstract":"<p><span>We recorded bulk electrical conductivity (</span><i>σ</i><sub><i>b</i></sub><span>) along a soil column during microbially-mediated selenite oxyanion reduction. Effluent fluid electrical conductivity and early time<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>σ</i><sub><i>b</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were modeled according to classic advective-dispersive transport of the nutrient medium. However,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>σ</i><sub><i>b</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>along the column exhibited strongly bimodal breakthrough which cannot be explained by changes in the electrical conductivity of the pore fluid. We model the anomalous breakthrough by adding a conduction path in parallel with the fluid phase, with a time dependence described by a microbial population-dynamics model. We incorporate a delay time to show that breakthrough curves along the column satisfy the same growth model parameters and offer a possible explanation based on biomass-limited growth that is delayed with distance from influent of the nutrient medium. Although the mechanism causing conductivity enhancement in the presence of biomass is uncertain, our results strongly suggest that biogeochemical breakthrough curves have been captured in geoelectrical datasets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GL038695","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Slater, L., Day-Lewis, F.D., Ntarlagiannis, D., O'Brien, M., and Yee, N., 2009, Geoelectrical measurement and modeling of biogeochemical breakthrough behavior during microbial activity: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 14, L14402; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038695.","productDescription":"L14402; 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-013008","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl038695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1746e4b0c8380cd55467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slater, L.D.","contributorId":63229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ntarlagiannis, D.","contributorId":57287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ntarlagiannis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Brien, M.","contributorId":57980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yee, N.","contributorId":56461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036977,"text":"70036977 - 2009 - Morphological variability of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from ACEX cores: Implications for late pleistocene circulation in the Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036977","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological variability of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from ACEX cores: Implications for late pleistocene circulation in the Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"Planktonic foraminifera populations were studied throughout the top 25 meters of the IODP ACEX 302 Hole 4C from the central Arctic Ocean at a resolution varying from 5cm (at the top of the record) to 10cm. Planktonic foraminifera occur in high absolute abundances only in the uppermost fifty centimetres and are dominated by the taxa Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Except for a few intermittent layers below this level, most samples are barren of calcareous microfossils. Within the topmost sediments, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma specimens present large morphological variability in the shape and number of chambers in the final whorl, chamber sphericity, size, and coiling direction. Five morphotypes were identified among the sinistral (sin.) population (Nps-1 to Nps-5), including a small form (Nps-5) that is similar to a non-encrusted normal form also previously identified in the modern Arctic Ocean water masses. Twenty five percent of the sinistral population is made up by large specimens (Nps-2, 3,4), with a maximal mean diameter larger than 250??m. Following observations made in peri-Arctic seas (Hillaire-Marcel et al. 2004), we propose that occurrence of these large-sized specimens of N. pachyderma (sin.) in the central Arctic Ocean sediments could sign North Atlantic water sub-surface penetration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Eynaud, F., Cronin, T.M., Smith, S., Zaragosi, S., Mavel, J., Mary, Y., Mas, V., and Pujol, C., 2009, Morphological variability of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from ACEX cores: Implications for late pleistocene circulation in the Arctic Ocean: Micropaleontology, v. 55, no. 2-3, p. 101-116.","startPage":"101","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e44e4b0c8380cd708fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eynaud, F.","contributorId":42425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eynaud","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S.A.","contributorId":72930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaragosi, S.","contributorId":24204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaragosi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mavel, J.","contributorId":103907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mavel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mary, Y.","contributorId":73037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mary","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mas, V.","contributorId":46341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mas","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pujol, C.","contributorId":51582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pujol","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037003,"text":"70037003 - 2009 - Multiple spring migration strategies in a population of Pacific Common Eiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T11:04:52","indexId":"70037003","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple spring migration strategies in a population of Pacific Common Eiders","docAbstract":"Spring migration strategies vary within and among species. Examination of this variability extends our understanding of life histories and has implications for conservation. I used satellite transmitters to determine migration strategies and evaluate factors influencing the timing of spring migration of Pacific Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) that nest along the western Beaufort Sea coast. Adult females were marked at nesting colonies in the summers of 2000, 2001, and 2003, and were followed throughout spring migration the following year. Each year approximately equal proportions of eiders used three distinct migration strategies varying in duration, staging locations (waters near the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia, and the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, Alaska), and arrival dates at the nesting areas. It is unlikely that differences in the timing of movements to stopover sites in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas were a result of responses to changes in weather, particularly wind direction. Ice distribution and melt/movement patterns vary substantially among staging areas and thus may affect risk of starvation and reproductive potential. Long-term (decadal) changes in climate may favor birds using one strategy during \"warmer\" and another during \"colder\" years. ?? 2009 by The Cooper Ornithological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080078","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 2009, Multiple spring migration strategies in a population of Pacific Common Eiders: Condor, v. 111, no. 1, p. 59-70, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080078.","startPage":"59","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488092,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486677,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JH3EXV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima)"},{"id":245138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080078"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a607de4b0c8380cd714c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036983,"text":"70036983 - 2009 - REE partitioning between apatite and melt in a peralkaline volcanic suite, Kenya Rift Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036983","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"REE partitioning between apatite and melt in a peralkaline volcanic suite, Kenya Rift Valley","docAbstract":"Electron microprobe analyses are presented for fluorapatite phenocrysts from a benmoreite-peralkaline rhyolite volcanic suite from the Kenya Rift Valley. The rocks have previously been well characterized petrographically and their crystallization conditions are reasonably well known. The REE contents in the M site increase towards the rhyolites, with a maximum britholite component of ~35 mol.%. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are rather flat between La and Sm and then decrease towards Yb. Sodium and Fe occupy up to 1% and 4%, respectively, of the M site. The major coupled substitution is REE<sup>3+</sup> + Si<sup>4+</sup> ??? Ca<sup>2+</sup> + P<sup>5+</sup>. The substitution REE<sup>3+</sup> + Na<sup>+</sup> ??? 2Ca<sup>2+</sup> has been of minor importance. The relatively large Fe contents were perhaps facilitated by the low fo<sub>2</sub> conditions of crystallization. Zoning is ubiquitous and resulted from both fractional crystallization and magma mixing. Apatites in some rhyolites are relatively Y-depleted, perhaps reflecting crystallization from melts which had precipitated zircon. Mineral/glass (melt) ratios for two rhyolites are unusually high, with maxima at Sm (762, 1123). ?? 2008 The Mineralogical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1147","issn":"0026461X","usgsCitation":"Macdonald, R., Baginski, B., Belkin, H., Dzierzanowski, P., and Jezak, L., 2009, REE partitioning between apatite and melt in a peralkaline volcanic suite, Kenya Rift Valley: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1147-1161, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1147.","startPage":"1147","endPage":"1161","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217807,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1147"},{"id":245779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9338e4b0c8380cd80cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macdonald, R.","contributorId":92402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baginski, B.","contributorId":80516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baginski","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzierzanowski, P.","contributorId":72235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzierzanowski","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jezak, L.","contributorId":35160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezak","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036767,"text":"70036767 - 2009 - Ecological factors regulating brood attendance patterns of the western sandpiper calidris mauri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T09:48:59","indexId":"70036767","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological factors regulating brood attendance patterns of the western sandpiper calidris mauri","docAbstract":"Parental brood attendance patterns vary greatly among shorebird species. For monogamous calidridine species, biparental care with female-first brood departure is most common. It is believed that adult sandpipers balance potential individual survival costs associated with extended parental care against the benefit gained by their brood of prolonged parental care. These costs and benefits are difficult to quantify and factors affecting the termination of parental brood attendance are unclear. We compared clutch size, nesting phenology, and parental attendance patterns of Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri at Nome and Kanaryarmiut, Alaska, sites separated by three degrees of latitude. The sites differed in breeding density and duration of breeding season, but the distribution of clutch sizes did not differ between sites or between nesting attempts. Parental attendance patterns were similar between sites, suggesting that parental attendance is a highly conserved life-history trait in Western Sandpipers. Male Western Sandpipers attended broods longer than females, and the duration of parental attendance decreased at a similar rate for both sexes as the season progressed. Male and female Western Sandpipers undertake differential migrations to their non-breeding grounds, with males typically settling at more northerly locations and females at more southerly sites, a migration pattern shared by certain other monogamous calidridine species. These same species exhibit similar parental brood attendance patterns, suggesting the strong role of overall migration distance in shaping the expression of parental attendance behaviours. A contrast of more geographically disjunct sites coupled with a better understanding of the migratory connectivity between Western Sandpiper breeding and non-breeding populations would elucidate the role of cross-seasonal effects on parental brood attendance decisions. ?? 2009 British Ornithologists' Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00942.x","issn":"00191019","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., Keller, J., and Rizzolo, D., 2009, Ecological factors regulating brood attendance patterns of the western sandpiper calidris mauri: Ibis, v. 151, no. 3, p. 523-534, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00942.x.","startPage":"523","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00942.x"}],"volume":"151","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0552e4b0c8380cd50d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, J.N.","contributorId":81347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzolo, D.J.","contributorId":12681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzolo","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036769,"text":"70036769 - 2009 - Relations between hydrology and velocity of a continuously moving landslide-evidence of pore-pressure feedback regulating landslide motion?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036769","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between hydrology and velocity of a continuously moving landslide-evidence of pore-pressure feedback regulating landslide motion?","docAbstract":"We measured displacement, pore-water pressure, and climatic conditions for 3 years at the continuously moving Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA. The landslide accelerated when pore-water pressure increased within the landslide body, but this occurred as pore-water pressure decreased along the landslide margin. The decrease probably occurred in response to shear-induced soil dilation at rates greater than pore-pressure diffusion and likely increased resistance to shear displacement and resulted in landslide deceleration. This dilative strengthening has been experimentally observed and explained theoretically, but not previously identified during field studies. Although landslide displacement should have exceeded that required to achieve critical-state density of shear boundaries, observed relocation of these boundaries indicates that shearing is episodic at fixed locations, so it permits renewed dilative strengthening when \"fresh\" soil is sheared. Thus, dilatant strengthening may be a considerable mechanism controlling landslide velocity, even for landslides that have continuously moved great distances. ?? Springer-Verlag 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-009-0157-4","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W., McKenna, J., Kibler, J., and Biavati, G., 2009, Relations between hydrology and velocity of a continuously moving landslide-evidence of pore-pressure feedback regulating landslide motion?: Landslides, v. 6, no. 3, p. 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0157-4.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217597,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0157-4"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6f6e4b0e8fec6cdc30d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, J.P.","contributorId":24543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kibler, J.D.","contributorId":68311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biavati, G.","contributorId":50380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biavati","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037012,"text":"70037012 - 2009 - Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"Oblique extension across strike-slip faults causes subsidence and leads to the formation of pull-apart basins such as the Salton Sea in southern California. The formation of these basins has generally been studied using laboratory experiments or numerical models. Here we combine seismic reflection data and geological observations from the Salton Sea to understand the evolution of this nascent pull-apart basin. Our data reveal the presence of a northeast-trending hinge zone that separates the sea into northern and southern sub-basins. Differential subsidence (10 mm yr 1) in the southern sub-basin suggests the existence of northwest-dipping basin-bounding faults near the southern shoreline, which may control the spatial distribution of young volcanism. Rotated and truncated strata north of the hinge zone suggest that the onset of extension associated with this pull-apart basin began after 0.5 million years ago. We suggest that slip is partitioned spatially and temporally into vertical and horizontal domains in the Salton Sea. In contrast to previous models based on historical seismicity patterns, the rapid subsidence and fault architecture that we document in the southern part of the sea are consistent with experimental models for pull-apart basins. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo590","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Driscoll, N.W., Kent, G., Harding, A., Babcock, J., and Baskin, R.L., 2009, Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 8, p. 581-584, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo590.","startPage":"581","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo590"},{"id":245301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba461e4b08c986b3202c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, D.S.","contributorId":76953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, G.M.","contributorId":34729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, A.J.","contributorId":59658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Babcock, J.M.","contributorId":50739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baskin, R. L.","contributorId":14460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036771,"text":"70036771 - 2009 - Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T15:45:07","indexId":"70036771","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels","docAbstract":"1. Non-native mussels have increased water clarity in many lakes and streams in North America and Europe. Diel variation in catchability of some fish species has been linked to visibility during survey trawls (used to measure escapement). 2. Water clarity increased in nearshore areas of western Lake Erie by the early 1990s, following passage of legislation in 1972 to improve water quality (e.g. reduce phosphorus loading) and the invasion of dreissenid mussels (<i>Dreissena spp.</i>) beginning in 1987. 3. We hypothesised that increased water clarity in Lake Erie resulted in decreased catchability of young-of-year (age-0) yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i> Mitchill) during daylight compared to during night. We used a two-tiered modelling approach to test this hypothesis on the ratio (<i>R</i>) of catch per hour (CPH) during night to CPH during daylight in bottom trawl surveys conducted during 1961-2005. 4. First, we examined seven a <i>priori</i> models. The first model, the 'null' model, represented no change in <i>R</i> over time. Three more models tested whether the timing of the change in <i>R</i> was associated with passage of water quality legislation only, dreissenids only (two-period models) and both legislation and dreissenids (three-period models). Three additional models included a 3-year lag before the effects of legislation, dreissenids or both occurred. Secondly, all possible two- and three-period models with a minimum of 2 years per time period were explored <i>a posteriori</i>. The <i>a posteriori</i> procedure determined the temporal transitions to higher <i>R</i> that were best supported by the data, without regard to a <i>priori</i> hypotheses. 5. Night CPH was greater than daylight CPH in 3 of 11 years during 1961-72, in 10 of 15 years during 1973-87, and in 14 of 18 years during 1988-2005. During 1991-2005 night CPH exceeded daylight CPH in all years except one, and night CPH was more than twice daylight CPH in 10 years during this period. 6. The best <i>a priori</i> model had two periods, with a break between 1990 and 1991, corresponding to 3 years after the dreissenid invasion. Similarly, the best two- and three-period <i>a posteriori</i> models both had breaks between 1990 and 1991. The results supported our hypothesis that age-0 yellow perch exhibited a transition to lower catchability during daylight compared to night, and the timing of the transition coincided with the establishment of dreissenid mussels. 7. The most plausible mechanism for our results was increased visibility of the trawl during daylight, resulting in increased avoidance of the trawl. These results have potential applications wherever non-native mussels have increased water clarity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Kocovsky, P., and Adams, J.V., 2009, Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 8, p. 1593-1604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1604","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x"}],"volume":"54","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f400e4b0c8380cd4ba9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M.","contributorId":89381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70196103,"text":"70196103 - 2009 - 18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T10:26:30","indexId":"70196103","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763.","docAbstract":"<p><i>Arctostaphylos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is richly diverse and taxonomically challenging. Unequivocal fossils appear as far back as the middle Miocene. Many pulses of diversification and decimation may have taken place in the genus since then; evidence suggests that there has been a rapid radiation in the last 1.5 million years. Some morphological features are not clearly differentiated among taxa and appear to be mosaically distributed.</span></p><p><span>Multiple lines of evidence suggest that&nbsp;<i>Arctostaphylos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is a terminal branch within Arbutoideae.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctous</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is treated here as a separate genus, as it is likely sister to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctostaphylos</i><span>. Only one species of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctostaphylos, A. uva-ursi</i><span>, is found outside of western North America, Mexico, and Guatemala. Taxa are concentrated within the California Floristic Province (southern Oregon to northern Baja California, Mexico) with the greatest diversity along the central California coast, where over half of the taxa are found. Along the immediate California coastline, most<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctostaphylos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>species are found within vegetation strongly influenced by summer fog, either within maritime chaparral, as a forest-edge species, or as part of a closed-cone conifer woodland and forest. Away from the coast,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctostaphylos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>species are distributed to the desert edge in chaparral woodlands and forests.</span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flora of North America","language":"English","publisher":"eFloras","usgsCitation":"Parker, V.T., Vasey, M.C., and Keeley, J.E., 2009, 18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763., chap. <i>of</i> Flora of North America, v. 8, p. 406-406.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"406","ipdsId":"IP-095995","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352637,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=102495"},{"id":352655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"8","publicComments":"This publication is a section (taxon ID 102495) of <i>Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae</i>, of the <i>Flora of North America</i> reference series. ","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefaa4e4b0da30c1bfca44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, V. Thomas","contributorId":167557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":24748,"text":"San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vasey, Michael C.","contributorId":167558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24748,"text":"San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}