Fire is an important control on the carbon (C) balance of the boreal forest region. Here, we present findings from two complementary studies that examine how fire modifies soil organic matter properties, and how these modifications influence rates of decomposition and C exchange in black spruce (Picea mariana) ecosystems of interior Alaska. First, we used laboratory incubations to explore soil temperature, moisture, and vegetation effects on CO2 and DOC production rates in burned and unburned soils from three study regions in interior Alaska. Second, at one of the study regions used in the incubation experiments, we conducted intensive field measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (ER) across an unreplicated factorial design of burning (2 year post-fire versus unburned sites) and drainage class (upland forest versus peatland sites). Our laboratory study showed that burning reduced the sensitivity of decomposition to increased temperature, most likely by inducing moisture or substrate quality limitations on decomposition rates. Burning also reduced the decomposability of Sphagnum-derived organic matter, increased the hydrophobicity of feather moss-derived organic matter, and increased the ratio of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in both the upland and peatland sites. At the ecosystem scale, our field measurements indicate that the surface organic soil was generally wetter in burned than in unburned sites, whereas soil temperature was not different between the burned and unburned sites. Analysis of variance results showed that ER varied with soil drainage class but not by burn status, averaging 0.9 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.1 g C m−2 d−1 in the upland and peatland sites, respectively. However, a more complex general linear model showed that ER was controlled by an interaction between soil temperature, moisture, and burn status, and in general was less variable over time in the burned than in the unburned sites. Together, findings from these studies across different spatial scales suggest that although fire can create some soil climate conditions more conducive to rapid decomposition, rates of C release from soils may be constrained following fire by changes in moisture and/or substrate quality that impede rates of decomposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Turetsky, M.R., Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., Pruett, L., Shetler, G., and Neff, J.C., 2009, Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 57-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-007487","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd9e4b0c8380cd630c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt R.","contributorId":169398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruett, L.E.","contributorId":86982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruett","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shetler, Gordon","contributorId":198333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shetler","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Neff, Jason C.","contributorId":169417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25504,"text":"Univ. of Colorado, Coulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033169,"text":"70033169 - 2009 - Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems","docAbstract":"In serial reuse systems, excretion of metabolic carbon dioxide has a significant impact on ambient pH, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia concentrations. This impact depends strongly on alkalinity, water flow rate, feeding rate, and loss of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. A reduction in pH from metabolic carbon dioxide can significantly reduce the un-ionized ammonia concentration and increase the carbon dioxide concentrations compared to those parameters computed from influent pH. The ability to accurately predict pH in serial reuse systems is critical to their design and effective operation. A trial and error solution to the alkalinity-pH system was used to estimate important water quality parameters in serial reuse systems. Transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the air-water interface, at overflow weirs, and impacts of substrate-attached algae and suspended bacteria were modeled. Gas transfer at the weirs was much greater than transfer across the air-water boundary. This simulation model can rapidly estimate influent and effluent concentrations of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia as a function of water temperature, elevation, water flow, and weir type. The accuracy of the estimates strongly depends on assumed pollutional loading rates and gas transfer at the weirs. The current simulation model is based on mean daily loading rates; the impacts of daily variation loading rates are discussed. Copies of the source code and executable program are available free of charge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004","issn":"01448","usgsCitation":"Colt, J., Watten, B., and Rust, M., 2009, Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 40, no. 1, p. 28-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004.","startPage":"28","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004"},{"id":240986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5be5e4b0c8380cd6f89f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colt, J.","contributorId":74796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, B. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":83472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rust, M.","contributorId":74583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rust","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032337,"text":"70032337 - 2009 - Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032337","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Historically, drier types of wetlands have been difficult to characterize and are not well researched. Nonetheless, they are considered to reflect the precipitation history with little, if any, regard for possible relation to groundwater. Two seasonal coastal wetland types (wet prairie, sedge meadow) were investigated during three growing seasons at three sites in the Lake Michigan Basin, Wisconsin, USA. The six seasonal wetlands were characterized using standard soil and vegetation techniques and groundwater measurements from the shallow and deep systems. They all met wetland hydrology criteria (e.g., water within 30 cm of land surface for 5% of the growing season) during the early portion of the growing season despite the lack of appreciable regional groundwater discharge into the wetland root zones. Although root-zone duration analyses did not fit a lognormal distribution previously noted in groundwater-dominated wetlands, they were able to discriminate between the plant communities and showed that wet prairie communities had shorter durations of continuous soil saturation than sedge meadow communities. These results demonstrate that the relative rates of groundwater outflows can be important for wetland hydrology and resulting wetland type. Thus, regional stresses to the shallow groundwater system such as pumping or low Great Lake levels can be expected to affect even drier wetland types. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7","issn":"14312","usgsCitation":"Skalbeck, J., Reed, D., Hunt, R.J., and Lambert, J., 2009, Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 215-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7.","startPage":"215","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7"},{"id":242812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a624e4b0e8fec6cdc0dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalbeck, J.D.","contributorId":14657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalbeck","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, D.M.","contributorId":55659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, J.D.","contributorId":98557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032817,"text":"70032817 - 2009 - Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032817","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","docAbstract":"The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method has been effectively used to determine near-surface shear- (S-) wave velocity. Estimating the S-wave velocity profile from Rayleigh-wave measurements is straightforward. A three-step process is required to obtain S-wave velocity profiles: acquisition of a multiple number of multichannel records along a linear survey line by use of the roll-along mode, extraction of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves, and inversion of dispersion curves for an S-wave velocity profile for each shot gather. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section can be generated by aligning 1D S-wave velocity models. In this process, it is very important to understand where the inverted 1D S-wave velocity profile should be located: the midpoint of each spread (a middle-of-receiver-spread assumption) or somewhere between the source and the last receiver. In other words, the extracted dispersion curve is determined by the geophysical structure within the geophone spread or strongly affected by the source geophysical structure. In this paper, dispersion curves of synthetic datasets and a real-world example are calculated by fixing the receiver spread and changing the source location. Results demonstrate that the dispersion curves are mainly determined by structures within a receiver spread. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009","issn":"02677","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., and Liu, Q., 2009, Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 29, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009"},{"id":241268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa935e4b0c8380cd85c98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033126,"text":"70033126 - 2009 - Flower power: Tree flowering phenology as a settlement cue for migrating birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:17:31","indexId":"70033126","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flower power: Tree flowering phenology as a settlement cue for migrating birds","docAbstract":"1. Neotropical migrant birds show a clear preference for stopover habitats with ample food supplies; yet, the proximate cues underlying these decisions remain unclear. 2. For insectivorous migrants, cues associated with vegetative phenology (e.g. flowering, leaf flush, and leaf loss) may reliably predict the availability of herbivorous arthropods. Here we examined whether migrants use the phenology of five tree species to choose stopover locations, and whether phenology accurately predicts food availability. 3. Using a combination of experimental and observational evidence, we show migrant populations closely track tree phenology, particularly the flowering phenology of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), and preferentially forage in trees with more flowers. Furthermore, the flowering phenology of honey mesquite reliably predicts overall arthropod abundance as well as the arthropods preferred by migrants for food. 4. Together, these results suggest that honey mesquite flowering phenology is an important cue used by migrants to assess food availability quickly and reliably, while in transit during spring migration. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01464.x","issn":"00218","usgsCitation":"McGrath, L., van Riper, C., and Fontaine, J., 2009, Flower power: Tree flowering phenology as a settlement cue for migrating birds: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 78, no. 1, p. 22-30, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01464.x.","startPage":"22","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213245,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01464.x"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a125fe4b0c8380cd542a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGrath, L.J.","contributorId":92493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fontaine, J.J.","contributorId":37940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032750,"text":"70032750 - 2009 - Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T14:42:12.224907","indexId":"70032750","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios","docAbstract":"A growing number of studies suggest that an individual’s physiology affects its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures, obscuring a signal often assumed to be only a reflection of diet and foraging location. We examined effects of growth and moderate food restriction on red blood cell (RBC) and feather δ15N and δ13C in rhinoceros auklet chicks (Cerorhinca monocerata), a piscivorous seabird. Chicks were reared in captivity and fed either control (75 g/day; n = 7) or ~40% restricted (40 g/day; n = 6) amounts of high quality forage fish. We quantified effects of growth on isotopic fractionation by comparing δ15N and δ13C in control chicks to those of captive, non-growing subadult auklets (n = 11) fed the same diet. To estimate natural levels of isotopic variation, we also collected blood from a random sample of free-living rhinoceros auklet adults and chicks in the Gulf of Alaska (n = 15 for each), as well as adult feather samples (n = 13). In the captive experiment, moderate food restriction caused significant depletion in δ15N of both RBCs and feathers in treatment chicks compared to control chicks. Growth also induced depletion in RBC δ15N, with chicks exhibiting lower δ15N when they were growing the fastest. As growth slowed, δ15N increased, resulting in an overall pattern of enrichment over the course of the nestling period. Combined effects of growth and restriction depleted δ15N in chick RBCs by 0.92‰. We propose that increased nitrogen-use efficiency is responsible for 15N depletion in both growing and food-restricted chicks. δ15N values in RBCs of free-ranging auklets fell within a range of only 1.03‰, while feather δ15N varied widely. Together, our captive and field results suggest that both growth and moderate food restriction can affect stable isotope ratios in an ecologically meaningful way in RBCs although not feathers due to greater natural variability in this tissue.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-008-1199-3","usgsCitation":"Sears, J., Hatch, S.A., and O’Brien, D.M., 2009, Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios: Oecologia, v. 159, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1199-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.38389587402344,\n 59.39442265678515\n ],\n [\n -146.27403259277344,\n 59.39442265678515\n ],\n [\n -146.27403259277344,\n 59.47717392228583\n ],\n [\n -146.38389587402344,\n 59.47717392228583\n ],\n [\n -146.38389587402344,\n 59.39442265678515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0211e4b0c8380cd4fe77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sears, J.","contributorId":45125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, D. M.","contributorId":39203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032597,"text":"70032597 - 2009 - Influence of diet of double-crested cormorants on thiamine, lead, and mineral contents of their eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T13:25:19","indexId":"70032597","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of diet of double-crested cormorants on thiamine, lead, and mineral contents of their eggs","docAbstract":"Throughout much of the Great Lakes basin, reproduction of several fish species is impaired by deficiency of thiamine in their eggs, an effect attributed to consumption of thiaminase-containing forage species, primarily alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). Because the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) nesting on islands in Lake Ontario is known to consume considerable amounts of alewife, we examined cormorant food habits and measured thiamine content in eggs collected in 1999 from six separate nests of cormorants from colonies near Lake Ontario and contrasted them with food habits and eggs of cormorants from Oneida Lake where the alewife is rare. Thiamine concentrations in eggs varied between 4.31 and 11.24 nmoles/g with no significant (P>0.18) difference between mean concentrations for Lake Ontario and Oneida Lake (8.08 vs 8.36 nmoles/g) even though alewife comprised approximately 65 vs 0 % of their diets, respectively. Consumption of other thiaminase-containing species was minor in both lakes. Therefore, consumption of alewife and other thiaminase containing fishes by cormorants on Lake Ontario did not appear to significantly impair the levels of thiamine in their eggs. However, we found that the concentration of thiamine in eggs (T; nmoles/g) was inversely related (P<0.02) to lead (Pb) concentration (µg/g) according to the equation: T = -3.142 Pb + 16.25. This relationship may reflect the known ability of thiamine to chelate lead and increase its excretion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02705","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., Johnson, J.H., Adams, C., and Farquhar, J., 2009, Influence of diet of double-crested cormorants on thiamine, lead, and mineral contents of their eggs: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 39-43.","startPage":"39","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b23e4b0c8380cd62271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, C.M.","contributorId":36483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farquhar, J.F.","contributorId":52409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farquhar","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037404,"text":"70037404 - 2009 - Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037404","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides","docAbstract":"Landslides are among the most hazardous of geological processes, causing thousands of casualties and damage on the order of billions of dollars annually. The movement of most landslides occurs along a discrete shear surface, and is triggered by a reduction in the frictional strength of the surface. Infiltration of water into the landslide from rainfall and snowmelt and ground motion from earthquakes are generally implicated in lowering the frictional strength of this surface. However, solid-Earth and ocean tides have recently been shown to trigger shear sliding in other processes, such as earthquakes and glacial motion. Here we use observations and numerical modelling to show that a similar processatmospheric tidescan trigger movement in an ongoing landslide. The Slumgullion landslide, located in the SanJuan Mountains of Colorado, shows daily movement, primarily during diurnal low tides of the atmosphere. According to our model, the tidal changes in air pressure cause air and water in the sediment pores to flow vertically, altering the frictional stress of the shear surface; upward fluid flow during periods of atmospheric low pressure is most conducive to sliding. We suggest that tidally modulated changes in shear strength may also affect the stability of other landslides, and that the rapid pressure variations associated with some fast-moving storm systems could trigger a similar response. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo659","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W., Kean, J., and Wang, G., 2009, Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 12, p. 863-866, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo659.","startPage":"863","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217153,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo659"},{"id":245074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4430e4b0c8380cd66924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, G.","contributorId":11034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156571,"text":"70156571 - 2009 - Cataclysms and controversy: Aspects of the geomorphology of the Columbia River Gorge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:26:21.363984","indexId":"70156571","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cataclysms and controversy: Aspects of the geomorphology of the Columbia River Gorge","docAbstract":"Landslides and floods of lava and water tremendously affected the Columbia River during its long history of transecting the Cascade Volcanic Arc. This field trip touches on aspects of the resulting geology of the scenic Columbia River Gorge, including the river-blocking Bonneville landslide of ~550 years ago and the great late- Pleistocene Missoula floods. Not only did these events create great landscapes, but they inspired great geologists. Mid-nineteenth century observations of the Columbia River and Pacific Northwest by James Dwight Dana and John Strong Newberry helped germinate the “school of fluvial” erosion later expanded upon by the southwestern United States topographic and geologic surveys. Later work on features related to the Missoula floods framed the career of J Harlen Bretz in one of the great geologic controversies of the twentieth century.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colo.","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, J., and Burns, S., 2009, Cataclysms and controversy: Aspects of the geomorphology of the Columbia River Gorge, chap. of Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, p. 237-251.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"251","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014429","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fieldguides.gsapubs.org/content/15"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River gorge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.10256267244463,\n 45.63114739459442\n ],\n [\n -122.09162642533121,\n 45.55921533517417\n ],\n [\n -121.81165849922672,\n 45.66937156321765\n ],\n [\n -121.73510476943238,\n 45.661728816389\n ],\n [\n -121.54043957081282,\n 45.69076570328474\n ],\n [\n -121.4157663537193,\n 45.661728816389\n ],\n [\n -121.35671061930668,\n 45.67701326661194\n ],\n [\n -121.25172264701747,\n 45.63726501457771\n ],\n [\n -121.23422465163603,\n 45.59595811973699\n ],\n [\n -121.15548367241911,\n 45.576058762532114\n ],\n [\n -121.07236819435676,\n 45.62196971245814\n ],\n [\n -120.89520099111864,\n 45.61738030791432\n ],\n [\n -120.6064840673233,\n 45.7106243657025\n ],\n [\n -120.4993088456115,\n 45.661728816389\n ],\n [\n -120.29808189872392,\n 45.67701326661194\n ],\n [\n -120.30683089641451,\n 45.73963587692512\n ],\n [\n -120.44244036062148,\n 45.724368538586646\n ],\n [\n -120.52118133983838,\n 45.76558077397445\n ],\n [\n -120.63491830981845,\n 45.76252905915885\n ],\n [\n -120.91926073476837,\n 45.68465392657697\n ],\n [\n -121.1117386839651,\n 45.667843097327506\n ],\n [\n -121.16204542068712,\n 45.638794315227386\n ],\n [\n -121.1751689172234,\n 45.67395671046603\n ],\n [\n -121.32390187796638,\n 45.73505611364223\n ],\n [\n -121.40701735602872,\n 45.7258954602292\n ],\n [\n -121.52950332369937,\n 45.75032053053272\n ],\n [\n -121.73291752000978,\n 45.7258954602292\n ],\n [\n -121.83353099345359,\n 45.73963587692512\n ],\n [\n -121.96257870939228,\n 45.67242836978721\n ],\n [\n -122.10256267244463,\n 45.63114739459442\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8487e4b0824b2d1490b2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Madin, Ian","contributorId":83558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569540,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569541,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Scott","contributorId":37847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037494,"text":"70037494 - 2009 - Transient dwarfism of soil fauna during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037494","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient dwarfism of soil fauna during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","docAbstract":"Soil organisms, as recorded by trace fossils in paleosols of the Willwood Formation, Wyoming, show significant body-size reductions and increased abundances during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Paleobotanical, paleopedologic, and oxygen isotope studies indicate high temperatures during the PETM and sharp declines in precipitation compared with late Paleocene estimates. Insect and oligochaete burrows increase in abundance during the PETM, suggesting longer periods of soil development and improved drainage conditions. Crayfish burrows and molluscan body fossils, abundant below and above the PETM interval, are significantly less abundant during the PETM, likely because of drier floodplain conditions and lower water tables. Burrow diameters of the most abundant ichnofossils are 30-46% smaller within the PETM interval. As burrow size is a proxy for body size, significant reductions in burrow diameter suggest that their tracemakers were smaller bodied. Smaller body sizes may have resulted from higher subsurface temperatures, lower soil moisture conditions, or nutritionally deficient vegetation in the high-CO2 atmosphere inferred for the PETM. Smaller soil fauna co-occur with dwarf mammal taxa during the PETM; thus, a common forcing mechanism may have selected for small size in both above- and below-ground terrestrial communities. We predict that soil fauna have already shown reductions in size over the last 150 years of increased atmospheric CO2 and surface temperatures or that they will exhibit this pattern over the next century. We retrodict also that soil fauna across the Permian-Triassic and Triassic-Jurassic boundary events show significant size decreases because of similar forcing mechanisms driven by rapid global warming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0909674106","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Hasiotis, S., Kraus, M.J., and Woody, D., 2009, Transient dwarfism of soil fauna during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. 42, p. 17655-17660, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909674106.","startPage":"17655","endPage":"17660","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476413,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2757401","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909674106"},{"id":245011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6fbe4b08c986b326fa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hasiotis, S.T.","contributorId":107020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasiotis","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, M. J.","contributorId":44605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraus","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woody, D.T.","contributorId":39207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woody","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047274,"text":"70047274 - 2009 - Warmwater fish in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:24:29.79209","indexId":"70047274","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Warmwater fish in rivers","docAbstract":"Large warmwater rivers are complex ecosystems and often contain numerous species and habitats. We loosely define a large river as having a drainage area greater than 50,000 km2 and a stream order great than six. Further, these rivers typically have mean discharges greater than 1,500 m3/s. Channel patterns are highly variable among and within large rivers, generally forming a meandering pattern. Currently, many large rivers are confined by bank stabilization and are characterized by a straight channel because of anthropogenic alterations. Further, most large rivers in North America have altered hydrographs because of main-stem dams or dams within the drainage area. Large rivers that have been modified to reduce meandering and flooding present challenges for deployment and operation of fish sampling gear.
Water temperature in large rivers is highly variable across North America and varies longitudinally within a river. For example, the Missouri River originates in the Rocky Mountains and terminates at the confluence with the Mississippi River near St. Louis, Missouri. Thus, mean water temperature in the headwaters is considerably different than the confluence. As a result, we defined warmwater by the dominant fish assemblage found in the river. Most fish species can be categorized into broad categories, such as coldwater, coolwater, or warmwater, based on water temperature in the natural environments where they occur. We define warmwater rivers as rivers that were naturally void of coldwater fishes such as trouts, salmons, and ciscoes. This is appropriate because it disregards zoogeographic boundaries that may limit the inclusion of rivers in the warmwater category. For example, the Colorado River is in a different zoogeographic subdivision than the Ohio River (Moyle and Cech 2000), but both rivers contain warmwater fish assemblages.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch5","usgsCitation":"Guy, C.S., Braaten, P., Herzog, M., Pitlo, J., and Rogers, R., 2009, Warmwater fish in rivers, chap. 5 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 59-84, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eeee4b02e26443a93e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509411,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509412,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509413,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braaten, P. J. pbraaten@usgs.gov","contributorId":2724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P. J.","email":"pbraaten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitlo, John","contributorId":50430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitlo","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, R. Scott","contributorId":14944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037459,"text":"70037459 - 2009 - Heritage strain and diet of wild young of year and yearling lake trout in the main basin of Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037459","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heritage strain and diet of wild young of year and yearling lake trout in the main basin of Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Restoration of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush stocks in Lake Huron is a fish community objective developed to promote sustainable fish communities in the lake. Between 1985 and 2004, 12.65 million lake trout were stocked into Lake Huron representing eight different genetic strains. Collections of bona fide wild fish in USGS surveys have increased in recent years and this study examined the ancestry and diet of fish collected between 2004 and 2006 to explore the ecological role they occupy in Lake Huron. Analysis of microsatellite DNA revealed that both pure strain and inter-strain hybrids were observed, and the majority of fish were classified as Seneca Lake strain or Seneca Lake hybrids. Diets of 50 wild age-0 lake trout were examined. Mysis, chironomids, and zooplankton were common prey items of wild age-0 lake trout. These results indicate that stocked fish are successfully reproducing in Lake Huron indicating a level of restoration success. However, continued changes to the benthic macroinvertebrate community, particularly declines of Mysis, may limit growth and survival of wild fish and hinder restoration efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.014","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Roseman, E., Stott, W., O’Brien, T.P., Riley, S., and Schaeffer, J., 2009, Heritage strain and diet of wild young of year and yearling lake trout in the main basin of Lake Huron: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 620-626, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.014.","startPage":"620","endPage":"626","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.014"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3076e4b0c8380cd5d679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseman, E.F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":76531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stott, W.","contributorId":77734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, T. P.","contributorId":22146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, S.C.","contributorId":71378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaeffer, J.S.","contributorId":42688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037456,"text":"70037456 - 2009 - Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:15:09","indexId":"70037456","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition","docAbstract":"Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Colorado, United States, and, as a result, patterns of ecological nutrient limitation were shifted. Under low N deposition, phytoplankton growth is generally N-limited; however, in high-N deposition lakes, phytoplankton growth is consistently P-limited. Continued anthropogenic amplification of the global N cycle will further alter ecological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and biological diversity, in the world's lakes, even in lakes far from direct human disturbance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1176199","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Elser, J., Andersen, T., Baron, J., Bergstrom, A., Jansson, M., Kyle, M., Nydick, K., Steger, L., and Hessen, D., 2009, Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition: Science, v. 326, no. 5954, p. 835-837, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1176199.","startPage":"835","endPage":"837","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1176199"},{"id":245361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"326","issue":"5954","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e71e4b08c986b318940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elser, J.J.","contributorId":64919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elser","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, T.","contributorId":95305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergstrom, A.-K.","contributorId":74987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"A.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jansson, M.","contributorId":100224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kyle, M.","contributorId":44764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nydick, K. R.","contributorId":9991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nydick","given":"K. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Steger, L.","contributorId":57696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steger","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hessen, D.O.","contributorId":42812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70156324,"text":"70156324 - 2009 - Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T15:58:28.619743","indexId":"70156324","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"15","subseriesTitle":"Field Guide","title":"Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon","docAbstract":"Newberry Volcano in central Oregon is dry over much of its vast area, except for the lakes in the caldera and the single creek that drains them. Despite the lack of obvious glacial striations and well-formed glacial moraines, evidence indicates that Newberry was glaciated. Meter-sized foreign blocks, commonly with smoothed shapes, are found on cinder cones as far as 7 km from the caldera rim. These cones also show evidence of shaping by flowing ice. In addition, multiple dry channels likely cut by glacial meltwater are common features of the eastern and western flanks of the volcano. On the older eastern flank of the volcano, a complex depositional and erosional history is recorded by lava flows, some of which flowed down channels, and interbedded sediments of probable glacial origin. Postglacial lava flows have subsequently filled some of the channels cut into the sediments. The evidence suggests that Newberry Volcano has been subjected to multiple glaciations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colorado","isbn":"9780813700151 0813700159","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., and Jensen, R.A., 2009, Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon, chap. of Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, v. 15, p. 81-90.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014260","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.35635375976562,\n 43.64601335623949\n ],\n [\n -121.35635375976562,\n 43.79588033566535\n ],\n [\n -121.08444213867186,\n 43.79588033566535\n ],\n [\n -121.08444213867186,\n 43.64601335623949\n ],\n [\n -121.35635375976562,\n 43.64601335623949\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b1e4b0518e3546a4c2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568680,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madin, Ian P.","contributorId":66404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568681,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568682,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156330,"text":"70156330 - 2009 - A framework for implementing biodiversity offsets: selecting sites and determining scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T17:02:49.163399","indexId":"70156330","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A framework for implementing biodiversity offsets: selecting sites and determining scale","docAbstract":"Biodiversity offsets provide a mechanism for maintaining or enhancing environmental values in situations where development is sought despite detrimental environmental impacts. They seek to ensure that unavoidable negative environmental impacts of development are balanced by environmental gains, with the overall aim of achieving a net neutral or positive outcome. Once the decision has been made to offset, multiple issues arise regarding how to do so in practice. A key concern is site selection. In light of the general aim to locate offsets close to the affected sites to ensure that benefits accrue in the same area, what is the appropriate spatial scale for identifying potential offset sites (e.g., local, ecoregional)? We use the Marxan site-selection algorithm to address conceptual and methodological challenges associated with identifying a set of potential offset sites and determining an appropriate spatial scale for them. To demonstrate this process, we examined the design of offsets for impacts from development on the Jonah natural gas field in Wyoming.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.1525/bio.2009.59.1.11","usgsCitation":"Kiesecker, J.M., Copeland, H., Pocewicz, A., Nibbelink, N., McKenney, B., Dahlke, J., Holloran, M., and Stroud, D., 2009, A framework for implementing biodiversity offsets: selecting sites and determining scale: BioScience, v. 59, no. 1, p. 77-84, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.1.11.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":306969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Jonah Natural gas field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.31613581831388,\n 42.221528827754554\n ],\n [\n -109.40560387662359,\n 42.2154512355778\n ],\n [\n -109.29982453943417,\n 42.38726345773452\n ],\n [\n -109.12974795807075,\n 42.44990897985983\n ],\n [\n -109.25834244641878,\n 42.52485441231744\n ],\n [\n -109.33508431849731,\n 42.57833188549631\n ],\n [\n -109.35375126035412,\n 42.683624680266064\n ],\n [\n -109.51138321381299,\n 42.75067489251191\n ],\n [\n -109.66694106262099,\n 42.854155426508925\n ],\n [\n -109.73331241144592,\n 42.899753575202084\n ],\n [\n -109.87227742304755,\n 42.99236589091777\n ],\n [\n -109.96768623698335,\n 43.09998506500264\n ],\n [\n -110.01124243464966,\n 43.23159898919005\n ],\n [\n -110.17094849275902,\n 43.15750648566075\n ],\n [\n -110.26843141134526,\n 43.21043888191937\n ],\n [\n -110.36384022528107,\n 43.13783419239439\n ],\n [\n -110.47791598107413,\n 43.05914745139114\n ],\n [\n -110.4737677717728,\n 42.987880260955535\n ],\n [\n -110.39080358574151,\n 42.94993847620961\n ],\n [\n -110.49036060897868,\n 42.81011119589323\n ],\n [\n -110.45095262061417,\n 42.587561094748196\n ],\n [\n -110.41361873690012,\n 42.51727735094272\n ],\n [\n -110.42606336480466,\n 42.4438534172873\n ],\n [\n -110.42813746945555,\n 42.37800465224217\n ],\n [\n -110.31820992296433,\n 42.336622424355085\n ],\n [\n -110.31613581831388,\n 42.221528827754554\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8aae4b0518e3546a49c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiesecker, Joseph M.","contributorId":146679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiesecker","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Copeland, Holly","contributorId":120920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pocewicz, Amy","contributorId":146680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pocewicz","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nibbelink, Nate","contributorId":146681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nibbelink","given":"Nate","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenney, Bruce","contributorId":146683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenney","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dahlke, John","contributorId":146684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahlke","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6659,"text":"Wyoming Wildlife Consultants","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holloran, Matthew J.","contributorId":44403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloran","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stroud, Dan","contributorId":146685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stroud","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5105,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Pinedale, Wyoming 82941","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037454,"text":"70037454 - 2009 - Identification of hydrated silicate minerals on Mars using MRO-CRISM: Geologic context near Nili Fossae and implications for aqueous alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:19:20.956131","indexId":"70037454","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of hydrated silicate minerals on Mars using MRO-CRISM: Geologic context near Nili Fossae and implications for aqueous alteration","docAbstract":"[1] The Noachian terrain west of the Isidis basin hosts a diverse collection of alteration minerals in rocks comprising varied geomorphic units within a 100,000 km2 region in and near the Nili Fossae. Prior investigations in this region by the Observatoire pour l'Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces, et l'Activité (OMEGA) instrument on Mars Express revealed large exposures of both mafic minerals and iron magnesium phyllosilicates in stratigraphic context. Expanding on the discoveries of OMEGA, the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has found more spatially widespread and mineralogically diverse alteration minerals than previously realized, which represent multiple aqueous environments. Using CRISM near-infrared spectral data, we detail the basis for identification of iron and magnesium smectites (including both nontronite and more Mg-rich varieties), chlorite, prehnite, serpentine, kaolinite, potassium mica (illite or muscovite), hydrated (opaline) silica, the sodium zeolite analcime, and magnesium carbonate. The detection of serpentine and analcime on Mars is reported here for the first time. We detail the geomorphic context of these minerals using data from high-resolution imagers onboard MRO in conjunction with CRISM. We find that the distribution of alteration minerals is not homogeneous; rather, they occur in provinces with distinctive assemblages of alteration minerals. Key findings are (1) a distinctive stratigraphy, in and around the Nili Fossae, of kaolinite and magnesium carbonate in bedrock units always overlying Fe/Mg smectites and (2) evidence for mineral phases and assemblages indicative of low-grade metamorphic or hydrothermal aqueous alteration in cratered terrains. The alteration minerals around the Nili Fossae are more typical of those resulting from neutral to alkaline conditions rather than acidic conditions, which appear to have dominated much of Mars. Moreover, the mineralogic diversity and geologic context of alteration minerals found in the region around the Nili Fossae indicates several episodes of aqueous activity in multiple distinct environments.
Studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have usually focused on single metropolitan areas. Synthesis of the results of such studies have been useful in developing general conceptual models of the effects of urbanization, but the strength of such generalizations is enhanced by applying consistent study designs and methods to multiple metropolitan areas across large geographic scales. We summarized the results from studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in 9 metropolitan areas across the US (Boston, Massachusetts; Raleigh, North Carolina; Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; Denver, Colorado; Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Portland, Oregon). These studies were conducted as part of the US Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program and were based on a common study design and used standard sample-collection and processing methods to facilitate comparisons among study areas. All studies included evaluations of hydrology, physical habitat, water quality, and biota (algae, macroinvertebrates, fish). Four major conclusions emerged from the studies. First, responses of hydrologic, physical-habitat, water-quality, and biotic variables to urbanization varied among metropolitan areas, except that insecticide inputs consistently increased with urbanization. Second, prior land use, primarily forest and agriculture, appeared to be the most important determinant of the response of biota to urbanization in the areas we studied. Third, little evidence was found for resistance to the effects of urbanization by macroinvertebrate assemblages, even at low levels of urbanization. Fourth, benthic macroinvertebrates have important advantages for assessing the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems relative to algae and fishes. Overall, our results demonstrate regional differences in the effects of urbanization on stream biota and suggest additional studies to elucidate the causes of these underlying differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/08-153.1","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Cuffney, T.F., Coles, J.F., Fitzpatrick, F., McMahon, G., Steuer, J., Bell, A.H., and May, J.T., 2009, Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1051-1069, https://doi.org/10.1899/08-153.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1069","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-008405","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112 jasonmay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason","email":"jasonmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156371,"text":"70156371 - 2009 - After the disaster: The hydrogeomorphic, ecological, and biological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T14:34:03.726485","indexId":"70156371","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"After the disaster: The hydrogeomorphic, ecological, and biological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused instantaneous landscape disturbance on a grand scale. On 18 May 1980, an ensemble of volcanic processes, including a debris avalanche, a directed pyroclastic density current, voluminous lahars, and widespread tephra fall, abruptly altered landscape hydrology and geomorphology, and created distinctive disturbance zones having varying impacts on regional biota. Response to the geological and ecological disturbances has been varied and complex. In general, eruption-induced alterations in landscape hydrology and geomorphology led to enhanced stormflow discharge and sediment transport. Although the hydrological response to landscape perturbation has diminished, enhanced sediment transport persists in some basins. In the nearly 30 years since the eruption, 350 million (metric) tons of suspended sediment has been delivered from the Toutle River watershed to the Cowlitz River (roughly 40 times the average annual preeruption suspended-sediment discharge of the Columbia River). Such prodigious sediment loading has wreaked considerable socioeconomic havoc, causing significant channel aggradation and loss of flood conveyance capacity. Significant and ongoing engineering efforts have been required to mitigate these problems. The overall biological evolution of the eruption-impacted landscape can be viewed in terms of a framework of survivor legacies. Despite appearances to the contrary, a surprising number of species survived the eruption, even in the most heavily devastated areas. With time, survivor “hotspots” have coalesced into larger patches, and have served as stepping stones for immigrant colonization. The importance of biological legacies will diminish with time, but the intertwined trajectories of geophysical and biological successions will influence the geological and biological responses to the 1980 eruption for decades to come.
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Schmidt have been documented in sites that are warmer and more mesotrophic than historical records indicate. While the invasion of D. geminata in New Zealand is well documented, it is less clear whether nuisance blooms in North America are a new phenomenon. In order to test the hypothesis that D. geminata blooms have increased in recent years, we examined the historical record of this species in sediments of Naknek Lake, in Katmai National Park, Alaska. Chronological control was established by relating the presence of two ash layers to known volcanic eruptions. We identified two species of Didymosphenia within the sediment record: D. geminata and D. clavaherculis (Ehrenberg) Metzeltin et Lange-Bertalot. This is the first published record of D. clavaherculis in North America. We found no statistically significant change in the numerical presence of D. geminata or D. clavaherculis, as a group, in Naknek Lake between the years 1218 and 2003. While there has been no sudden, or recent, increase in abundance of Didymosphenia in Naknek Lake, morphological features of D. geminata populations in Naknek Lake are distinct compared to morphological features of D. geminata in streams containing nuisance blooms from sites in North America and New Zealand. Variance in the morphology of Didymosphenia cells may help determine relationships between distinct sub-populations and establish the history of habitat invasion.","largerWorkTitle":"Acta Botanica Croatica","language":"English","issn":"03650588","usgsCitation":"Pite, D., Lane, K., Hermann, A., Spaulding, S., and Finney, B.P., 2009, Historical abundance and morphology of Didymosphenia species in Naknek Lake, Alaska, in Acta Botanica Croatica, v. 68, no. 2, p. 183-197.","startPage":"183","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3179e4b0c8380cd5df4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pite, D.P.","contributorId":85804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pite","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, K.A.","contributorId":22608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hermann, A.K.","contributorId":25016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermann","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spaulding, S. A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":74390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finney, B. 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The strongest relations between fishes and urbanization occurred in the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; and Portland, Oregon. In these areas, environmental variables with strong associations (rs ≥ 0.70) with fish assemblages and fish traits tended to have strong associations with urbanization. Relations of urbanization with fish assemblages and fish traits were weaker in Denver, Colorado; Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; and Raleigh, North Carolina. Environmental variables associated with fishes varied among the metropolitan areas. The metropolitan areas with poor relations may have had a limited range of possible response because of previous landscape disturbances. Given the complexities of urban landscapes in different metropolitan areas, our results indicate that caution is warranted when generalizing about biological responses to urbanization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11252-009-0082-2","issn":"10838155","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Gregory, M.B., and May, J., 2009, Relation of urbanization to stream fish assemblages and species traits in nine metropolitan areas of the United States: Urban Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 4, p. 391-416, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-009-0082-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"416","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217298,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-009-0082-2"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383 ], [ -66.95,49.383 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6b8e4b0e8fec6cdc299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregory, M. Brian","contributorId":105772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037431,"text":"70037431 - 2009 - Mercury concentrations and loads in a large river system tributary to San Francisco Bay, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:03:01","indexId":"70037431","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury concentrations and loads in a large river system tributary to San Francisco Bay, California, USA","docAbstract":"In order to estimate total mercury (HgT) loads entering San Francisco Bay, USA, via the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system, unfiltered water samples were collected between January 2002 and January 2006 during high flow events and analyzed for HgT. Unfiltered HgT concentrations ranged from 3.2 to 75 ng/L and showed a strong correlation (r2 = 0.8, p < 0.001, n = 78) to suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). During infrequent large floods, HgT concentrations relative to SSC were approximately twice as high as observed during smaller floods. This difference indicates the transport of more Hg-contaminated particles during high discharge events. Daily HgT loads in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River at Mallard Island ranged from below the limit of detection to 35 kg. Annual HgT loads varied from 61 ?? 22 kg (n = 5) in water year (WY) 2002 to 470 ?? 170 kg (n = 25) in WY 2006. The data collected will assist in understanding the long-term recovery of San Francisco Bay from Hg contamination and in implementing the Hg total maximum daily load, the long-term cleanup plan for Hg in the Bay. ?? 2009 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/08-482.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"David, N., McKee, L., Black, F., Flegal, A., Conaway, C., Schoellhamer, D., and Ganju, N., 2009, Mercury concentrations and loads in a large river system tributary to San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 10, p. 2091-2100, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-482.1.","startPage":"2091","endPage":"2100","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-482.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53ece4b0c8380cd6cdfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"David, N.","contributorId":62439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, L.J.","contributorId":84562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, F.J.","contributorId":41257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flegal, A.R.","contributorId":64607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flegal","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conaway, C.H.","contributorId":87174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. 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