{"pageNumber":"2048","pageRowStart":"51175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184742,"records":[{"id":70032748,"text":"70032748 - 2009 - Potential effects of mercury on threatened California black rails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T13:53:48","indexId":"70032748","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of mercury on threatened California black rails","docAbstract":"San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary sediments contain high levels of mercury (Hg), and tidal marsh resident species may be vulnerable to Hg contamination. We examined Hg concentrations in California black rails, a threatened waterbird species that inhabits SFB tidal salt marshes. We captured 127 black rails during the prebreeding and postbreeding seasons and examined the influence of site, sex, and year on Hg, methylmercury (MeHg), and also selenium (Se) concentrations in feathers and blood. Feather Hg concentrations averaged 6.94 ??g/g dry weight (dw) and MeHg and Se concentrations in blood averaged 0.38 and 0.42 ??g/g wet weight (ww). We used Akaike's information criterion model selection process to evaluate the importance of year, site, sex, and age on patterns of MeHg concentrations; sex and year were the most important of these factors. Feather Hg concentrations (dw) were higher in males (8.22 ??g/g) than females (6.63 ??g/g) and higher in adult birds (7.36 ??g/g) than in hatch-year birds (4.61 ??g/g). A substantial portion of SFB black rail populations may be at risk of reproductive effects due to MeHg contamination, as 32-78% of feathers and <10% of blood samples exceeded no observed adverse effect levels. Sea level rise and other anthropogenic threats to endemic tidal marsh species such as black rails may be exacerbated by the presence of MeHg. Further study of population demographics and toxicological effects would further elucidate the effects of MeHg contamination on black rail populations in SFB. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-008-9188-4","issn":"00904","usgsCitation":"Tsao, D.C., Miles, A.K., Takekawa, J.Y., and Woo, I., 2009, Potential effects of mercury on threatened California black rails: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 56, no. 2, p. 292-301, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9188-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"301","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ed9e4b0c8380cd7a7b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsao, Danika C.","contributorId":24079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsao","given":"Danika","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032749,"text":"70032749 - 2009 - Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-14T13:06:01","indexId":"70032749","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options","docAbstract":"

 

\n
    \n
  1. Streams collect runoff, heat, and sediment from their watersheds, making them highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as urbanization and climate change. Forecasting the effects of these disturbances using process-based models is critical to identifying the form and magnitude of likely impacts. Here, we integrate a new biotic model with four previously developed physical models (downscaled climate projections, stream hydrology, geomorphology, and water temperature) to predict how stream fish growth and reproduction will most probably respond to shifts in climate and urbanization over the next several decades.
    2. \n
  2. The biotic submodel couples dynamics in fish populations and habitat suitability to predict fish assemblage composition, based on readily available biotic information (preferences for habitat, temperature, and food, and characteristics of spawning) and day-to-day variability in stream conditions.
    3. \n
  3. We illustrate the model using Piedmont headwater streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed of the USA, projecting ten scenarios: Baseline (low urbanization; no on-going construction; and present-day climate); one Urbanization scenario (higher impervious surface, lower forest cover, significant construction activity); four future climate change scenarios [Hadley CM3 and Parallel Climate Models under medium-high (A2) and medium-low (B2) emissions scenarios]; and the same four climate change scenarios plus Urbanization.
    4. \n
  4. Urbanization alone depressed growth or reproduction of 8 of 39 species, while climate change alone depressed 22 to 29 species. Almost every recreationally important species (i.e. trouts, basses, sunfishes) and six of the ten currently most common species were predicted to be significantly stressed. The combined effect of climate change and urbanization on adult growth was sometimes large compared to the effect of either stressor alone. Thus, the model predicts considerable change in fish assemblage composition, including loss of diversity.
    5. \n
  5. Synthesis and applications. The interaction of climate change and urban growth may entail significant reconfiguring of headwater streams, including a loss of ecosystem structure and services, which will be more costly than climate change alone. On local scales, stakeholders cannot control climate drivers but they can mitigate stream impacts via careful land use. Therefore, to conserve stream ecosystems, we recommend that proactive measures be taken to insure against species loss or severe population declines. Delays will inevitably exacerbate the impacts of both climate change and urbanization on headwater systems.
    6. \n
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01599.x","issn":"00218","usgsCitation":"Nelson, K.C., Palmer, M., Pizzuto, J.E., Moglen, G.E., Angermeier, P.L., Hilderbrand, R.H., Dettinger, M., and Hayhoe, K., 2009, Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 154-163, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01599.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476129,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01599.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01599.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.03956604003905,\n 38.99517305687675\n ],\n [\n -77.244873046875,\n 39.01384869832171\n ],\n [\n -77.24555969238281,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n 39.06291544026173\n ],\n [\n -77.46322631835938,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -77.45773315429688,\n 39.24501680713314\n ],\n [\n -77.14874267578124,\n 39.358723461000494\n ],\n [\n -76.98257446289062,\n 39.3130504637139\n ],\n [\n -76.97433471679688,\n 39.11088253765176\n ],\n [\n -77.03956604003905,\n 38.99517305687675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a131ae4b0c8380cd5450e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Karen C.","contributorId":32864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, Margaret A.","contributorId":102429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret A.","affiliations":[{"id":13383,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 6 Solomons, Maryland 20688","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pizzuto, James E.","contributorId":49424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13220,"text":"The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moglen, Glenn E.","contributorId":106585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moglen","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13220,"text":"The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hilderbrand, Robert H.","contributorId":140410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13480,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dettinger, Mike 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Mike","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayhoe, Katharine","contributorId":35624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayhoe","given":"Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":16625,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032750,"text":"70032750 - 2009 - Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T14:42:12.224907","indexId":"70032750","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios","docAbstract":"

A growing number of studies suggest that an individual’s physiology affects its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures, obscuring a signal often assumed to be only a reflection of diet and foraging location. We examined effects of growth and moderate food restriction on red blood cell (RBC) and feather δ15N and δ13C in rhinoceros auklet chicks (Cerorhinca monocerata), a piscivorous seabird. Chicks were reared in captivity and fed either control (75 g/day; n = 7) or ~40% restricted (40 g/day; n = 6) amounts of high quality forage fish. We quantified effects of growth on isotopic fractionation by comparing δ15N and δ13C in control chicks to those of captive, non-growing subadult auklets (n = 11) fed the same diet. To estimate natural levels of isotopic variation, we also collected blood from a random sample of free-living rhinoceros auklet adults and chicks in the Gulf of Alaska (n = 15 for each), as well as adult feather samples (n = 13). In the captive experiment, moderate food restriction caused significant depletion in δ15N of both RBCs and feathers in treatment chicks compared to control chicks. Growth also induced depletion in RBC δ15N, with chicks exhibiting lower δ15N when they were growing the fastest. As growth slowed, δ15N increased, resulting in an overall pattern of enrichment over the course of the nestling period. Combined effects of growth and restriction depleted δ15N in chick RBCs by 0.92‰. We propose that increased nitrogen-use efficiency is responsible for 15N depletion in both growing and food-restricted chicks. δ15N values in RBCs of free-ranging auklets fell within a range of only 1.03‰, while feather δ15N varied widely. Together, our captive and field results suggest that both growth and moderate food restriction can affect stable isotope ratios in an ecologically meaningful way in RBCs although not feathers due to greater natural variability in this tissue.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-008-1199-3","usgsCitation":"Sears, J., Hatch, S.A., and O’Brien, D.M., 2009, Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios: Oecologia, v. 159, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1199-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.38389587402344,\n 59.39442265678515\n ],\n [\n -146.27403259277344,\n 59.39442265678515\n ],\n [\n -146.27403259277344,\n 59.47717392228583\n ],\n [\n -146.38389587402344,\n 59.47717392228583\n ],\n [\n -146.38389587402344,\n 59.39442265678515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0211e4b0c8380cd4fe77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sears, J.","contributorId":45125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, D. M.","contributorId":39203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032752,"text":"70032752 - 2009 - Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: Ecological corridor rather than barrier?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T14:37:53","indexId":"70032752","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: Ecological corridor rather than barrier?","docAbstract":"Mountain ranges, deserts, ice fields and oceans generally act as barriers to the movement of land-dependent animals, often profoundly shaping migration routes. We used satellite telemetry to track the southward flights of bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri), shorebirds whose breeding and non-breeding areas are separated by the vast central Pacific Ocean. Seven females with surgically implanted transmitters flew non-stop 8117-11680km (10153??1043 s.d.) directly across the Pacific Ocean; two males with external transmitters flew non-stop along the same corridor for 7008-7390km. Flight duration ranged from 6.0 to 9.4 days (7.8??1.3 s.d.) for birds with implants and 5.0 to 6.6 days for birds with externally attached transmitters. These extraordinary non-stop flights establish new extremes for avian flight performance, have profound implications for understanding the physiological capabilities of vertebrates and how birds navigate, and challenge current physiological paradigms on topics such as sleep, dehydration and phenotypic flexibility. Predicted changes in climatic systems may affect survival rates if weather conditions at their departure hub or along the migration corridor should change. We propose that this transoceanic route may function as an ecological corridor rather than a barrier, providing a wind-assisted passage relatively free of pathogens and predators. ?? 2008 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2008.1142","issn":"09628","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Tibbitts, T.L., Douglas, D., Handel, C.M., Mulcahy, D.M., Gottschalck, J.C., Warnock, N., McCaffery, B.J., Battley, P.F., and Piersma, T., 2009, Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: Ecological corridor rather than barrier?: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 276, no. 1656, p. 447-457, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1142.","startPage":"447","endPage":"457","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476351,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/8a70aa78-8232-41f9-b865-0b8c763419e0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438852,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A9BYQW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica)"},{"id":241327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1142"}],"volume":"276","issue":"1656","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e67e4b0c8380cd53435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gottschalck, Jon C.","contributorId":23769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottschalck","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCaffery, Brian J.","contributorId":37617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Battley, Phil F.","contributorId":27272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battley","given":"Phil","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70032753,"text":"70032753 - 2009 - A cross-site comparison of factors influencing soil nitrification rates in northeastern USA forested watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032753","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cross-site comparison of factors influencing soil nitrification rates in northeastern USA forested watersheds","docAbstract":"Elevated N deposition is continuing on many forested landscapes around the world and our understanding of ecosystem response is incomplete. Soil processes, especially nitrification, are critical. Many studies of soil N transformations have focused on identifying relationships within a single watershed but these results are often not transferable. We studied 10 small forested research watersheds in the northeastern USA to determine if there were common factors related to soil ammonification and nitrification. Vegetation varied between mixed northern hardwoods and mixed conifers. Watershed surface soils (Oa or A horizons) were sampled at grid or transect points and analyzed for a suite of chemical characteristics. At each sampling point, vegetation and topographic metrics (field and GIS-based) were also obtained. Results were examined by watershed averages (n = 10), seasonal/watershed averages (n = 28), and individual sampling points (n = 608). Using both linear and tree regression techniques, the proportion of conifer species was the single best predictor of nitrification rates, with lower rates at higher conifer dominance. Similar to other studies, the soil C/N ratio was also a good predictor and was well correlated with conifer dominance. Unlike other studies, the presence of Acer saccharum was not by itself a strong predictor, but was when combined with the presence of Betula alleghaniensis. Topographic metrics (slope, aspect, relative elevation, and the topographic index) were not related to N transformation rates across the watersheds. Although found to be significant in other studies, neither soil pH, Ca nor Al was related to nitrification. Results showed a strong relationship between dominant vegetation, soil C, and soil C/N. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9214-4","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., Wemple, B., Jamison, A., Fredriksen, G., Shanley, J.B., Lawrence, G., Bailey, S., and Campbell, J., 2009, A cross-site comparison of factors influencing soil nitrification rates in northeastern USA forested watersheds: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 158-178, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9214-4.","startPage":"158","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213706,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9214-4"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3a1e4b0c8380cd46143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, D.S.","contributorId":33867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wemple, B.C.","contributorId":89331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wemple","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jamison, A.E.","contributorId":97692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fredriksen, G.","contributorId":56434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredriksen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Campbell, J.L.","contributorId":20488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032755,"text":"70032755 - 2009 - Landscape planning for agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction III: Assessing phosphorus and sediment reduction potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:18:45","indexId":"70032755","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape planning for agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction III: Assessing phosphorus and sediment reduction potential","docAbstract":"Riparian buffers have the potential to improve stream water quality in agricultural landscapes. This potential may vary in response to landscape characteristics such as soils, topography, land use, and human activities, including legacies of historical land management. We built a predictive model to estimate the sediment and phosphorus load reduction that should be achievable following the implementation of riparian buffers; then we estimated load reduction potential for a set of 1598 watersheds (average 54 km2) in Wisconsin. Our results indicate that land cover is generally the most important driver of constituent loads in Wisconsin streams, but its influence varies among pollutants and according to the scale at which it is measured. Physiographic (drainage density) variation also influenced sediment and phosphorus loads. The effect of historical land use on present-day channel erosion and variation in soil texture are the most important sources of phosphorus and sediment that riparian buffers cannot attenuate. However, in most watersheds, a large proportion (approximately 70%) of these pollutants can be eliminated from streams with buffers. Cumulative frequency distributions of load reduction potential indicate that targeting pollution reduction in the highest 10% of Wisconsin watersheds would reduce total phosphorus and sediment loads in the entire state by approximately 20%. These results support our approach of geographically targeting nonpoint source pollution reduction at multiple scales, including the watershed scale. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9139-x","issn":"03641","usgsCitation":"Diebel, M., Maxted, J., Robertson, D.M., Han, S., and Vander Zanden, M.J., 2009, Landscape planning for agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction III: Assessing phosphorus and sediment reduction potential: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 1, p. 69-83, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9139-x.","startPage":"69","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9139-x"},{"id":241393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4419e4b0c8380cd66861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diebel, M.W.","contributorId":103465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diebel","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maxted, J.T.","contributorId":30459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxted","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Han, S.","contributorId":60009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vander Zanden, M. J.","contributorId":30832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032774,"text":"70032774 - 2009 - What parts of the US mainland are climatically suitable for invasive alien pythons spreading from Everglades National Park?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032774","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What parts of the US mainland are climatically suitable for invasive alien pythons spreading from Everglades National Park?","docAbstract":"The Burmese Python (Python molurus bivittatus) is now well established in southern Florida and spreading northward. The factors likely to limit this spread are unknown, but presumably include climate or are correlated with climate. We compiled monthly rainfall and temperature statistics from 149 stations located near the edge of the python's native range in Asia (Pakistan east to China and south to Indonesia). The southern and eastern native range limits extend to saltwater, leaving unresolved the species' climatic tolerances in those areas. The northern and western limits are associated with cold and aridity respectively. We plotted mean monthly rainfall against mean monthly temperature for the 149 native range weather stations to identify the climate conditions inhabited by pythons in their native range, and mapped areas of the coterminous United States with the same climate today and projected for the year 2100. We accounted for both dry-season aestivation and winter hibernation (under two scenarios of hibernation duration). The potential distribution was relatively insensitive to choice of scenario for hibernation duration. US areas climatically matched at present ranged up the coasts and across the south from Delaware to Oregon, and included most of California, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South and North Carolina. By the year 2100, projected areas of potential suitable climate extend northward beyond the current limit to include parts of the states of Washington, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. Thus a substantial portion of the mainland US is potentially vulnerable to this ostensibly tropical invader. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-008-9228-z","issn":"13873","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., Jarnevich, C., and Reed, R., 2009, What parts of the US mainland are climatically suitable for invasive alien pythons spreading from Everglades National Park?: Biological Invasions, v. 11, no. 2, p. 241-252, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9228-z.","startPage":"241","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9228-z"},{"id":241668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd044e4b08c986b32ed6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, R.N. 0000-0001-8349-6168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":49092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032775,"text":"70032775 - 2009 - Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032775","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish","docAbstract":"Chloramine-T (Cl-T) has been used safely and effectively to control bacterial gill disease in salmonids at a maximum exposure regimen of up to four consecutive, once-daily exposures administered for 60??min at 20??mg/L. However, data to document safe treatment concentrations of Cl-T are lacking for freshwater-reared fish other than salmonids. We report the histopathology resultant from the administration of 12 consecutive, once-daily, 180-min static immersion baths of 0, 20, 50, or 80??mg Cl-T/L to walleye (20????C) and channel catfish (27????C). Twelve fish of each species were euthanized immediately before the first exposure (initial controls) and then after the twelfth exposure and 7 and 14??days after the twelfth exposure. Only initial controls and fish euthanized immediately after the twelfth exposure were processed for histological review because of the general lack of exposure-related lesions in exposed fish. The only exposure-related histological changes were in the spleen where significantly greater erythrocyte swelling and necrosis was observed in channel catfish exposed at 80??mg/L relative to exposure at 0??mg/L; similar histological changes were insignificant for walleye, though there appeared to be a shift in the general category of histological change with degenerative changes (necrosis, etc.) observed following exposure at 50 or 80??mg/L compared to the inflammatory and hemodynamic changes (congestion, leukocyte infiltrate, etc.) observed in walleye exposed at 0 or 20??mg/L. The only significant change in peripheral blood cytology was that walleye fingerlings exposed at 80??mg/L had significantly fewer mature red blood cells and significantly more immature red blood cells per oil-immersion field than controls. The histopathological changes observed following exposure to Cl-T under an exaggerated exposure regimen suggest that walleye or channel catfish therapeutically exposed to Cl-T will not have treatment-related histological changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020","issn":"00448","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Densmore, C.L., and Blazer, V., 2009, Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish: Aquaculture, v. 287, no. 1-2, p. 28-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020.","startPage":"28","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020"},{"id":241700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3158e4b0c8380cd5de4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, M.P. 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":51685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032785,"text":"70032785 - 2009 - Naturally acidic surface and ground waters draining porphyry-related mineralized areas of the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T08:41:22","indexId":"70032785","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Naturally acidic surface and ground waters draining porphyry-related mineralized areas of the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Acidic, metal-rich waters produced by the oxidative weathering and resulting leaching of major and trace elements from pyritic rocks can adversely affect water quality in receiving streams and riparian ecosystems. Five study areas in the southern Rocky Mountains with naturally acidic waters associated with porphyry mineralization were studied to document variations in water chemistry and processes that control the chemical variations. Study areas include the Upper Animas River watershed, East Alpine Gulch, Mount Emmons, and Handcart Gulch in Colorado and the Red River in New Mexico. Although host-rock lithologies in all these areas range from Precambrian gneisses to Cretaceous sedimentary units to Tertiary volcanic complexes, the mineralization is Tertiary in age and associated with intermediate to felsic composition, porphyritic plutons. Pyrite is ubiquitous, ranging from ???1 to >5 vol.%. Springs and headwater streams have pH values as low as 2.6, SO4 up to 3700 mg/L and high dissolved metal concentrations (for example: Fe up to 400 mg/L; Cu up to 3.5 mg/L; and Zn up to 14.4 mg/L). Intensity of hydrothermal alteration and presence of sulfides are the primary controls of water chemistry of these naturally acidic waters. Subbasins underlain by intensely hydrothermally altered lithologies are poorly vegetated and quite susceptible to storm-induced surface runoff. Within the Red River study area, results from a storm runoff study documented downstream changes in river chemistry: pH decreased from 7.80 to 4.83, alkalinity decreased from 49.4 to <1 mg/L, SO4 increased from 162 to 314 mg/L, dissolved Fe increased from to 0.011 to 0.596 mg/L, and dissolved Zn increased from 0.056 to 0.607 mg/L. Compared to mine drainage in the same study areas, the chemistry of naturally acidic waters tends to overlap but not reach the extreme concentrations of metals and acidity as some mine waters. The chemistry of waters draining these mineralized but unmined areas can be used to estimate premining conditions at sites with similar geologic and hydrologic conditions. For example, the US Geological Survey was asked to estimate premining ground-water chemistry at the Questa Mo mine, and the proximal analog approach was used because a mineralized but unmined area was located adjacent to the mine property. By comparing and contrasting water chemistry from different porphyry mineralized areas, this study not only documents the range in concentrations of constituents of interest but also provides insight into the primary controls of water chemistry.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.014","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P., Nordstrom, D.K., Bove, D.J., Plumlee, G., and Runkel, R., 2009, Naturally acidic surface and ground waters draining porphyry-related mineralized areas of the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado and New Mexico: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 255-267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.014"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6388e4b0c8380cd7253d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032787,"text":"70032787 - 2009 - Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T16:11:02","indexId":"70032787","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"

Fire is an important control on the carbon (C) balance of the boreal forest region. Here, we present findings from two complementary studies that examine how fire modifies soil organic matter properties, and how these modifications influence rates of decomposition and C exchange in black spruce (Picea mariana) ecosystems of interior Alaska. First, we used laboratory incubations to explore soil temperature, moisture, and vegetation effects on CO2 and DOC production rates in burned and unburned soils from three study regions in interior Alaska. Second, at one of the study regions used in the incubation experiments, we conducted intensive field measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (ER) across an unreplicated factorial design of burning (2 year post-fire versus unburned sites) and drainage class (upland forest versus peatland sites). Our laboratory study showed that burning reduced the sensitivity of decomposition to increased temperature, most likely by inducing moisture or substrate quality limitations on decomposition rates. Burning also reduced the decomposability of Sphagnum-derived organic matter, increased the hydrophobicity of feather moss-derived organic matter, and increased the ratio of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in both the upland and peatland sites. At the ecosystem scale, our field measurements indicate that the surface organic soil was generally wetter in burned than in unburned sites, whereas soil temperature was not different between the burned and unburned sites. Analysis of variance results showed that ER varied with soil drainage class but not by burn status, averaging 0.9 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.1 g C m−2 d−1 in the upland and peatland sites, respectively. However, a more complex general linear model showed that ER was controlled by an interaction between soil temperature, moisture, and burn status, and in general was less variable over time in the burned than in the unburned sites. Together, findings from these studies across different spatial scales suggest that although fire can create some soil climate conditions more conducive to rapid decomposition, rates of C release from soils may be constrained following fire by changes in moisture and/or substrate quality that impede rates of decomposition.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Turetsky, M.R., Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., Pruett, L., Shetler, G., and Neff, J.C., 2009, Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 57-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-007487","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd9e4b0c8380cd630c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt R.","contributorId":169398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruett, L.E.","contributorId":86982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruett","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shetler, Gordon","contributorId":198333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shetler","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Neff, Jason C.","contributorId":169417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25504,"text":"Univ. of Colorado, Coulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032788,"text":"70032788 - 2009 - In situ measurements of contributions to the global electrical circuit by a thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032788","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":928,"text":"Atmospheric Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ measurements of contributions to the global electrical circuit by a thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil","docAbstract":"The global electrical circuit, which maintains a potential of about 280??kV between the earth and the ionosphere, is thought to be driven mainly by thunderstorms and lightning. However, very few in situ measurements of electrical current above thunderstorms have been successfully obtained. In this paper, we present dc to very low frequency electric fields and atmospheric conductivity measured in the stratosphere (30-35??km altitude) above an active thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil. From these measurements, we estimate the mean quasi-static conduction current during the storm period to be 2.5 ?? 1.25??A. Additionally, we examine the transient conduction currents following a large positive cloud-to-ground (+ CG) lightning flash and typical - CG flashes. We find that the majority of the total current is attributed to the quasi-static thundercloud charge, rather than lightning, which supports the classical Wilson model for the global electrical circuit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.026","issn":"01698","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., Holzworth, R., and McCarthy, M., 2009, In situ measurements of contributions to the global electrical circuit by a thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil: Atmospheric Research, v. 91, no. 2-4, p. 153-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.026.","startPage":"153","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.026"},{"id":241328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39a5e4b0c8380cd619bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J.N.","contributorId":20988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holzworth, R.H.","contributorId":84571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzworth","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, M.P.","contributorId":33932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032807,"text":"70032807 - 2009 - Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U-230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T13:55:21.779809","indexId":"70032807","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U-230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes","title":"Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U-230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes","docAbstract":"

A suite of 23 basaltic to dacitic lavas erupted over the last 350 kyr from the Mount Adams volcanic field has been analyzed for U–Th isotope compositions to evaluate the roles of mantle versus crustal components during magma genesis. All of the lavas have (230Th/238U) > 1 and span a large range in (230Th/232Th) ratios, and most basalts have higher (230Th/232Th) ratios than andesites and dacites. Several of the lavas contain antecrysts (crystals of pre-existing material), yet internal U–Th mineral isochrons from six of seven lavas are indistinguishable from their eruption ages. This indicates a relatively brief period of time between crystal growth and eruption for most of the phenocrysts (olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite) prior to eruption. One isochron gave a crystallization age that is ~ 20–25 ka older than its corresponding eruptive age, and is interpreted to reflect mixing of older and juvenile crystals or a protracted period of magma storage in the crust. Much of the eruptive volume since 350 ka consists of lavas that have small to moderate 230Th excesses (2–16%), which are likely inherited from melting of a garnet-bearing intraplate (“OIB-like”) mantle source. Following melt generation and subsequent migration through the upper mantle, most Mt. Adams magmas interacted with young, mafic lower crust, as indicated by 187Os/188Os ratios that are substantially more radiogenic than the mantle or those expected via mixing of subducted material and the mantle wedge. Moreover, Os–Th isotope variations suggest that unusually large 230Th excesses (25–48%) and high 187Os/188Os ratios in some peripheral lavas reflect assimilation of small degree partial melts of pre-Quaternary basement that had residual garnet or Al-rich clinopyroxene. Despite the isotopic evidence for lower crustal assimilation, these processes are not generally recorded in the erupted phenocrysts, indicating that the crystal record of the deep-level ‘cryptic’ processes has been decoupled from shallow-level crystallization.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.035","usgsCitation":"Jicha, B.R., Johnson, C.M., Hildreth, W., Beard, B.L., Hart, G.L., Shirey, S.B., and Singer, B.S., 2009, Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U-230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 277, no. 1-2, p. 38-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.035.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-007730","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Adams","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -121.26983642578124,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -121.26983642578124,\n 46.27673288302042\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.27673288302042\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.08847179577592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"277","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01f6e4b0c8380cd4fe02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jicha, Brian R. 0000-0002-1228-515X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-515X","contributorId":229557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Clark M.","contributorId":195431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beard, Brian L.","contributorId":195430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Garret L.","contributorId":198281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Garret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shirey, Steven B.","contributorId":198282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Singer, Brad S. 0000-0003-3595-5168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-5168","contributorId":229592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":41688,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53716, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032817,"text":"70032817 - 2009 - Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032817","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","docAbstract":"The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method has been effectively used to determine near-surface shear- (S-) wave velocity. Estimating the S-wave velocity profile from Rayleigh-wave measurements is straightforward. A three-step process is required to obtain S-wave velocity profiles: acquisition of a multiple number of multichannel records along a linear survey line by use of the roll-along mode, extraction of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves, and inversion of dispersion curves for an S-wave velocity profile for each shot gather. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section can be generated by aligning 1D S-wave velocity models. In this process, it is very important to understand where the inverted 1D S-wave velocity profile should be located: the midpoint of each spread (a middle-of-receiver-spread assumption) or somewhere between the source and the last receiver. In other words, the extracted dispersion curve is determined by the geophysical structure within the geophone spread or strongly affected by the source geophysical structure. In this paper, dispersion curves of synthetic datasets and a real-world example are calculated by fixing the receiver spread and changing the source location. Results demonstrate that the dispersion curves are mainly determined by structures within a receiver spread. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009","issn":"02677","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., and Liu, Q., 2009, Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 29, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009"},{"id":241268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa935e4b0c8380cd85c98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032820,"text":"70032820 - 2009 - Introduction to Special Issue on: Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab-window volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032820","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to Special Issue on: Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab-window volcanism","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2008.03.015","issn":"00401","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P., and Wilson, D., 2009, Introduction to Special Issue on: Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab-window volcanism: Tectonophysics, v. 464, no. 1-4, p. 3-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.03.015.","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213651,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.03.015"},{"id":241299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"464","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3de9e4b0c8380cd6393c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, P.A.","contributorId":96287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, D.S.","contributorId":55216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032821,"text":"70032821 - 2009 - Comparing wastewater chemicals, indicator bacteria concentrations, and bacterial pathogen genes as fecal pollution indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T18:54:10.734056","indexId":"70032821","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing wastewater chemicals, indicator bacteria concentrations, and bacterial pathogen genes as fecal pollution indicators","docAbstract":"

The objective of this study was to compare fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli [EC], and enterococci [ENT]) concentrations with a wide array of typical organic wastewater chemicals and selected bacterial genes as indicators of fecal pollution in water samples collected at or near 18 surface water drinking water intakes. Genes tested included esp (indicating human-pathogenic ENT) and nine genes associated with various animal sources of shiga-toxin–producing EC (STEC). Fecal pollution was indicated by genes and/or chemicals for 14 of the 18 tested samples, with little relation to FIB standards. Of 13 samples with <50 EC 100 mL−1, human pharmaceuticals or chemical indicators of wastewater treatment plant effluent occurred in six, veterinary antibiotics were detected in three, and stx1 or stx2 genes (indicating varying animal sources of STEC) were detected in eight. Only the EC eaeA gene was positively correlated with FIB concentrations. Human-source fecal pollution was indicated by the esp gene and the human pharmaceutical carbamazepine in one of the nine samples that met all FIB recreational water quality standards. Escherichia coli rfbO157 and stx2c genes, which are typically associated with cattle sources and are of potential human health significance, were detected in one sample in the absence of tested chemicals. Chemical and gene-based indicators of fecal contamination may be present even when FIB standards are met, and some may, unlike FIB, indicate potential sources. Application of multiple water quality indicators with variable environmental persistence and fate may yield greater confidence in fecal pollution assessment and may inform remediation decisions

","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0173","issn":"00472","usgsCitation":"Haack, S., Duris, J., Fogarty, L., Kolpin, D., Focazio, M., Furlong, E., and Meyer, M.T., 2009, Comparing wastewater chemicals, indicator bacteria concentrations, and bacterial pathogen genes as fecal pollution indicators: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 1, p. 248-258, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0173.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0173"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83be4b0c8380cd4cf6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duris, J.W.","contributorId":62835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fogarty, L.R.","contributorId":27236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032941,"text":"70032941 - 2009 - Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032941","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3047,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems","docAbstract":"Climate predictions produced by numerical climate models, often referred to as general circulation models (GCMs), suggest that by the end of the twenty-first century global mean annual surface air temperatures will increase by 1.1-6.4??C. Trace gas records from ice cores indicate that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are already higher than at any time during the last 650000 years. In the next 50 years, atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to reach a level not encountered since an epoch of time known as the Pliocene. Uniformitarianism is a key principle of geological science, but can the past also be a guide to the future? To what extent does an examination of the Pliocene geological record enable us to successfully understand and interpret this guide? How reliable are the 'retrodictions' of Pliocene climates produced by GCMs and what does this tell us about the accuracy of model predictions for the future? These questions provide the scientific rationale for this Theme Issue. ?? 2008 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2008.0205","issn":"13645","usgsCitation":"Haywood, A., Dowsett, H., Valdes, P., Lunt, D., Francis, J., and Sellwood, B., 2009, Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 367, no. 1886, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0205.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0205"}],"volume":"367","issue":"1886","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e08e4b0c8380cd63a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdes, P.J.","contributorId":77331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Francis, J.E.","contributorId":61249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sellwood, B.W.","contributorId":78509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sellwood","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032943,"text":"70032943 - 2009 - Evaluation of CAMEL - comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032943","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of CAMEL - comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides","docAbstract":"A new comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides (CAMEL) has been developed to assist in planning decisions related to disaster risk reduction. CAMEL provides an integrated framework for modeling all types of earthquake-induced landslides using fuzzy logic systems and geographic information systems. CAMEL is designed to facilitate quantitative and qualitative representation of terrain conditions and knowledge about these conditions on the likely areal concentration of each landslide type. CAMEL has been empirically evaluated with respect to disrupted landslides (Category I) using a case study of the 1989 M = 6.9 Loma Prieta, CA earthquake. In this case, CAMEL performs best in comparison to disrupted slides and falls in soil. For disrupted rock fall and slides, CAMEL's performance was slightly poorer. The model predicted a low occurrence of rock avalanches, when none in fact occurred. A similar comparison with the Loma Prieta case study was also conducted using a simplified Newmark displacement model. The area under the curve method of evaluation was used in order to draw comparisons between both models, revealing improved performance with CAMEL. CAMEL should not however be viewed as a strict alternative to Newmark displacement models. CAMEL can be used to integrate Newmark displacements with other, previously incompatible, types of knowledge. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.08.004","issn":"00137","usgsCitation":"Miles, S., and Keefer, D.K., 2009, Evaluation of CAMEL - comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides: Engineering Geology, v. 104, no. 1-2, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.08.004.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.08.004"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c10e4b0c8380cd52a0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, S.B.","contributorId":68908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032972,"text":"70032972 - 2009 - Macroinvertebrates as indicators of fish absence in naturally fishless lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032972","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroinvertebrates as indicators of fish absence in naturally fishless lakes","docAbstract":"1. Little is known about native communities in naturally fishless lakes in eastern North America, a region where fish stocking has led to a decline in these habitats. 2. Our study objectives were to: (i) characterise and compare macroinvertebrate communities in fishless lakes found in two biophysical regions of Maine (U.S.A.): kettle lakes in the eastern lowlands and foothills and headwater lakes in the central and western mountains; (ii) identify unique attributes of fishless lake macroinvertebrate communities compared to lakes with fish and (iii) develop a method to efficiently identify fishless lakes when thorough fish surveys are not possible. 3. We quantified macroinvertebrate community structure in the two physiographic fishless lake types (n = 8 kettle lakes; n = 8 headwater lakes) with submerged light traps and sweep nets. We also compared fishless lake macroinvertebrate communities to those in fish-containing lakes (n = 18) of similar size, location and maximum depth. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to assess differences in community structure and t-tests for taxon-specific comparisons between lakes. 4. Few differences in macroinvertebrate communities between the two physiographic fishless lake types were apparent. Fishless and fish-containing lakes had numerous differences in macroinvertebrate community structure, abundance, taxonomic composition and species richness. Fish presence or absence was a stronger determinant of community structure in our study than differences in physical conditions relating to lake origin and physiography. 5. Communities in fishless lakes were more speciose and abundant than in fish-containing lakes, especially taxa that are large, active and free-swimming. Families differing in abundance and taxonomic composition included Notonectidae, Corixidae, Gyrinidae, Dytiscidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae and Chaoboridae. 6. We identified six taxa unique to fishless lakes that are robust indicators of fish absence: Graphoderus liberus, Hesperocorixa spp., Dineutus spp., Chaoborus americanus, Notonecta insulata and Callicorixa spp. These taxa are collected most effectively with submerged light traps. 7. Naturally fishless lakes warrant conservation, because they provide habitat for a unique suite of organisms that thrive in the absence of fish predation. ?? 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02096.x","issn":"00465","usgsCitation":"Schilling, E., Loftin, C., and Huryn, A.D., 2009, Macroinvertebrates as indicators of fish absence in naturally fishless lakes: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 181-202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02096.x.","startPage":"181","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213484,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02096.x"},{"id":241111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b1fe4b0c8380cd692e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, Emily Gaenzle","contributorId":66069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schilling","given":"Emily Gaenzle","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, C.S.","contributorId":92771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huryn, Alexander D. 0000-0002-1365-2361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1365-2361","contributorId":20164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huryn","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":28219,"text":"The University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032977,"text":"70032977 - 2009 - The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to 500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T15:34:27","indexId":"70032977","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to 500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy","docAbstract":"A Raman spectral study was carried out on 3 solutions of varying concentration and bromide/zinc ratios. Spectra were collected at 11 different temperature-pressure conditions ranging from ambient to 500????C-0.9??GPa. Raman band assignments for zinc(II) bromide species reported in previous studies were used to determine the relative concentrations of ZnBr42-, ZnBr3-, ZnBr2, and ZnBr+ species at various temperatures and pressures. Our results are in close agreement with X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) data, and confirm that the tetrabromo zinc(II) complex, ZnBr42-, is the predominant species up to 500????C in solutions having high Zn concentrations (1??m) and high bromide/zinc molar ratios ([Br]/[Zn] = 8). In agreement with previous solubility and Raman spectroscopic experiments, our measurements indicate that species with a lower number of halide ligands and charge are favored with increasing temperature in dilute solutions, and solutions with low bromide/zinc ratios ([Br]/[Zn] < 2.5). The Raman technique provides an independent experimental means of evaluating the quality of XAS analyses of data obtained from high temperature disordered systems. The combination of these two techniques provides complementary data on speciation and the structure of zinc(II) bromide complexes. The preponderance of the ZnBr42- species in highly saline brines at high temperature is consistent with the predominance of ZnCl42- in chloride-rich brines reported in previous XAS studies. Knowledge of Zn complexing in metal-rich highly saline brines is important for numerical models of ore deposition in high temperature systems such as skarns and porphyry-type deposits. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.014","issn":"00092","usgsCitation":"Mibe, K., Chou, I., Anderson, A.J., Mayanovic, R.A., and Bassett, W.A., 2009, The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to 500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy: Chemical Geology, v. 259, no. 1-2, p. 48-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213549,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.014"}],"volume":"259","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb05ae4b08c986b324de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mibe, Kenji","contributorId":85781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mibe","given":"Kenji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Alan J.","contributorId":28770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayanovic, Robert A.","contributorId":88528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayanovic","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032978,"text":"70032978 - 2009 - Wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows, and other sources of organic compounds to Lake Champlain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T08:31:01","indexId":"70032978","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows, and other sources of organic compounds to Lake Champlain","docAbstract":"

Abstract: Some sources of organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) to streams, lakes, and estuaries, including wastewater‐treatment‐plant effluent, have been well documented, but other sources, particularly wet‐weather discharges from combined‐sewer‐overflow (CSO) and urban runoff, may also be major sources of OWCs. Samples of wastewater‐treatment‐plant (WWTP) effluent, CSO effluent, urban streams, large rivers, a reference (undeveloped) stream, and Lake Champlain were collected from March to August 2006. The highest concentrations of many OWCs associated with wastewater were in WWTP‐effluent samples, but high concentrations of some OWCs in samples of CSO effluent and storm runoff from urban streams subject to leaky sewer pipes or CSOs were also detected. Total concentrations and numbers of compounds detected differed substantially among sampling sites. The highest total OWC concentrations (10‐100 μg/l) were in samples of WWTP and CSO effluent. Total OWC concentrations in samples from urban streams ranged from 0.1 to 10 μg/l, and urban stream‐stormflow samples had higher concentrations than baseflow samples because of contributions of OWCs from CSOs and leaking sewer pipes. The relations between OWC concentrations in WWTP‐effluent and those in CSO effluent and urban streams varied with the degree to which the compound is removed through normal wastewater treatment. Concentrations of compounds that are highly removed during normal wastewater treatment [including caffeine, Tris(2‐butoxyethyl)phosphate, and cholesterol] were generally similar to or higher in CSO effluent than in WWTP effluent (and ranged from around 1 to over 10 μg/l) because CSO effluent is untreated, and were higher in urban‐stream stormflow samples than in baseflow samples as a result of CSO discharge and leakage from near‐surface sources during storms. Concentrations of compounds that are poorly removed during treatment, by contrast, are higher in WWTP effluent than in CSO, due to dilution. Results indicate that CSO effluent and urban stormwaters can be a significant major source of OWCs entering large water bodies such as Burlington Bay.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00288.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P., and Chalmers, A., 2009, Wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows, and other sources of organic compounds to Lake Champlain: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 1, p. 45-57, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00288.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00288.x"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3fae4b08c986b32b43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P.","contributorId":97328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalmers, A.","contributorId":96858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032979,"text":"70032979 - 2009 - Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032979","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species group","docAbstract":"The Anaxyrus boreas species group currently comprises four species in western North America including the broadly distributed A. boreas, and three localized species, Anaxyrus nelsoni, Anaxyrus exsul and Anaxyrus canorus. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA 12S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I, control region, and restriction sites data, identified three major haplotype clades. The Northwest clade (NW) includes both subspecies of A. boreas and divergent minor clades in the middle Rocky Mountains, coastal, and central regions of the west and Pacific Northwest. The Southwest (SW) clade includes A. exsul, A. nelsoni, and minor clades in southern California. Anaxyrus canorus, previously identified as paraphyletic, has populations in both the NW and SW major clades. The Eastern major clade (E) includes three divergent lineages from southern Utah, the southern Rocky Mountains, and north of the Great Basin at the border of Utah and Nevada. These results identify new genetic variation in the eastern portion of the toad's range and are consistent with previous regional studies from the west coast. Low levels of control region sequence divergence between major clades (2.2-4.7% uncorrected pair-wise distances) are consistent with Pleistocene divergence and suggest that the phylogeographic history of the group was heavily influenced by dynamic Pleistocene glacial and climatic changes, and especially pluvial changes, in western North America. Results reported here may impact conservation plans in that the current taxonomy does not reflect the diversity in the group. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.019","issn":"10557","usgsCitation":"Goebel, A., Ranker, T., Corn, P., and Olmstead, R., 2009, Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species group: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 50, no. 2, p. 209-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.019.","startPage":"209","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213580,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.019"},{"id":241218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b74e4b0c8380cd6f57c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goebel, A.M.","contributorId":66492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goebel","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranker, T.A.","contributorId":68119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranker","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olmstead, R.G.","contributorId":29651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmstead","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036966,"text":"70036966 - 2009 - Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:29:12","indexId":"70036966","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator","docAbstract":"

Avian researchers often uniquely mark birds, and multiple estimators could be used to estimate population size using individually identified birds. However, most estimators of population size require that all sightings of marked birds be uniquely identified, and many assume homogeneous detection probabilities. Bowden's estimator can incorporate sightings of marked birds that are not uniquely identified and relax assumptions required of other estimators. I used computer simulation to evaluate the performance of Bowden's estimator for situations likely to be encountered in bird studies. When the assumptions of the estimator were met, abundance and variance estimates and confidence-interval coverage were accurate. However, precision was poor for small population sizes (N < 50) unless a large percentage of the population was marked (>75%) and multiple (≥8) sighting surveys were conducted. If additional birds are marked after sighting surveys begin, it is important to initially mark a large proportion of the population (pm ≥ 0.5 if N ≤ 100 or pm > 0.1 if N ≥ 250) and minimize sightings in which birds are not uniquely identified; otherwise, most population estimates will be overestimated by >10%. Bowden's estimator can be useful for avian studies because birds can be resighted multiple times during a single survey, not all sightings of marked birds have to uniquely identify individuals, detection probabilities among birds can vary, and the complete study area does not have to be surveyed. I provide computer code for use with pilot data to design mark-resight surveys to meet desired precision for abundance estimates.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.08041","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., 2009, Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 211-217, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08041.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"217","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b0ce4b0c8380cd52537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036856,"text":"70036856 - 2009 - Migratory decisions in birds: Extent of genetic versus environmental control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036856","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory decisions in birds: Extent of genetic versus environmental control","docAbstract":"Migration is one of the most spectacular of animal behaviors and is prevalent across a broad array of taxa. In birds, we know much about the physiological basis of how birds migrate, but less about the relative contribution of genetic versus environmental factors in controlling migratory tendency. To evaluate the extent to which migratory decisions are genetically determined, we examined whether individual western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) change their migratory tendency from one year to the next at two sites in southern Arizona. We also evaluated the heritability of migratory decisions by using logistic regression to examine the association between the migratory tendency of burrowing owl parents and their offspring. The probability of migrating decreased with age in both sexes and adult males were less migratory than females. Individual owls sometimes changed their migratory tendency from one year to the next, but changes were one-directional: adults that were residents during winter 2004-2005 remained residents the following winter, but 47% of adults that were migrants in winter 2004-2005 became residents the following winter. We found no evidence for an association between the migratory tendency of hatch-year owls and their male or female parents. Migratory tendency of hatch-year owls did not differ between years, study sites or sexes or vary by hatching date. Experimental provision of supplemental food did not affect these relationships. All of our results suggest that heritability of migratory tendency in burrowing owls is low, and that intraspecific variation in migratory tendency is likely due to: (1) environmental factors, or (2) a combination of environmental factors and non-additive genetic variation. The fact that an individual's migratory tendency can change across years implies that widespread anthropogenic changes (i.e., climate change or changes in land use) could potentially cause widespread changes in the migratory tendency of birds. ?? 2009 GovernmentEmployee: U. S. Geological Survey, Department of Interior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-009-1356-3","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Ogonowski, M., and Conway, C., 2009, Migratory decisions in birds: Extent of genetic versus environmental control: Oecologia, v. 161, no. 1, p. 199-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1356-3.","startPage":"199","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217602,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1356-3"}],"volume":"161","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5725e4b0c8380cd6daa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogonowski, M.S.","contributorId":24203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogonowski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036656,"text":"70036656 - 2009 - Accretionary orogens through Earth history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T18:52:58.037581","indexId":"70036656","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accretionary orogens through Earth history","docAbstract":"

Accretionary orogens form at intraoceanic and continental margin convergent plate boundaries. They include the supra-subduction zone forearc, magmatic arc and back-arc components. Accretionary orogens can be grouped into retreating and advancing types, based on their kinematic framework and resulting geological character. Retreating orogens (e.g. modern western Pacific) are undergoing long-term extension in response to the site of subduction of the lower plate retreating with respect to the overriding plate and are characterized by back-arc basins. Advancing orogens (e.g. Andes) develop in an environment in which the overriding plate is advancing towards the downgoing plate, resulting in the development of foreland fold and thrust belts and crustal thickening. Cratonization of accretionary orogens occurs during continuing plate convergence and requires transient coupling across the plate boundary with strain concentrated in zones of mechanical and thermal weakening such as the magmatic arc and back-arc region. Potential driving mechanisms for coupling include accretion of buoyant lithosphere (terrane accretion), flat-slab subduction, and rapid absolute upper plate motion overriding the downgoing plate. Accretionary orogens have been active throughout Earth history, extending back until at least 3.2 Ga, and potentially earlier, and provide an important constraint on the initiation of horizontal motion of lithospheric plates on Earth. They have been responsible for major growth of the continental lithosphere through the addition of juvenile magmatic products but are also major sites of consumption and reworking of continental crust through time, through sediment subduction and subduction erosion. It is probable that the rates of crustal growth and destruction are roughly equal, implying that net growth since the Archaean is effectively zero.

","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","doi":"","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Cawood, P.A., Kroner, A., Collins, W., Kusky, T., Mooney, W.D., and Windley, B., 2009, Accretionary orogens through Earth history: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 318, p. 1-36, https://doi.org/.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"318","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e671e4b0c8380cd4742e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cawood, Peter A.","contributorId":75280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cawood","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroner, A.","contributorId":58785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, W.J.","contributorId":79736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kusky, T.M.","contributorId":38719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Windley, B.F.","contributorId":14981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windley","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036633,"text":"70036633 - 2009 - Cahokia's boom and bust in the context of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-19T21:48:48","indexId":"70036633","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":700,"text":"American Antiquity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cahokia's boom and bust in the context of climate change","docAbstract":"During the early Mississippian Lohmann phase (A.D. 1050-1100), the American Bottom experienced a political and economic transformation. This transformation included the abrupt planned construction of central Cahokia, a large-scale influx of people to \"downtown Cahokia,\" the abandonment of pre-Mississippian village settlements, the reorganization of farming in the Mississippi River floodplain, and the founding of the Richland farming complex in the Illinois uplands. New tree-ring-based records of climate change indicate that this rapid development occurred during one of the wettest 50-year periods during the last millennium. During the next 150 years, a series of persistent droughts occurred in the Cahokian area which may be related to the eventual abandonment of the American Bottom. By A.D. 1150, in the latter part of a severe 15-year drought, the Richland farming complex was mostly abandoned, eliminating an integral part of Cahokia's agricultural base. At about the same time, a 20,000-log palisade was erected around Monks Mound and the Grand Plaza, indicating increased social unrest. During this time, people began exiting Cahokia and, by the end of the Stirling phase (A.D. 1200), Cahokia's population had decreased by about 50 percent and by A.D. 1350, Cahokia and much of the central Mississippi valley had been abandoned. ??2009 by the Society for American Archaeology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Antiquity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00027316","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Pauketat, T.R., and Cook, E., 2009, Cahokia's boom and bust in the context of climate change: American Antiquity, v. 74, no. 3, p. 467-483.","startPage":"467","endPage":"483","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269716,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20622439"}],"volume":"74","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f0e4b0c8380cd4b4c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pauketat, T. R.","contributorId":40830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pauketat","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, E.R.","contributorId":41680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}