{"pageNumber":"205","pageRowStart":"5100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":29852,"text":"wri864362 - 1986 - An alternative basin characteristic for use in estimating impervious area in urban Missouri basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri864362","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4362","title":"An alternative basin characteristic for use in estimating impervious area in urban Missouri basins","docAbstract":"A previous regression analysis of flood peaks on urban basins in St. Louis County, Missouri, indicated that the basin characteristics of percentage of impervious area and drainage area were statistically significant for estimating the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-. and 100-yr peak discharges at ungaged urban basins. In this statewide regression analysis of the urban basins for Missouri, an alternative basin characteristic called the percentage of developed area was evaluated. A regression analysis of the percentage of developed area (independent variable), resulted in a simple equation for computing percentage of impervious area. The percentage of developed area also was evaluated using flood-frequency data for 23 streamflow gaging stations, and the use of this variable was determined to be valid. Using nationwide data, an urban basin characteristic known as the basin development factor was determined to be valid for inclusion in urban regression equations for estimating flood flows. The basin development factor and the percentage of developed area were compared for use in regression equations to estimate peak flows of streams in Missouri. The equations with the basin development factor produced peak flow estimates with slightly smaller average standard errors of estimate than the equation with the percentage of developed area; however, this study indicates that there was not enough statistical or numerical difference to warrant using the basin development factor instead of the percentage of developed area in Missouri. The selection of a basin characteristic to describe the physical conditions of a drainage basin will depend not only on its contribution to accuracy of regression equations, but also on the ease of determining the characteristics; the percentage of developed area has this advantage. A correlation analysis was made by correlating drainage area to percentage of impervious area, the percentage of developed area, and the basin development factor. The results of the analysis indicate that the three basin characteristics are independent of drainage area and appropriate to use in multiple-regression analysis. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864362","usgsCitation":"Southard, R.E., 1986, An alternative basin characteristic for use in estimating impervious area in urban Missouri basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4362, vi, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864362.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4362/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58665,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4362/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c8e4b07f02db5415d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southard, R. E.","contributorId":49831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29705,"text":"wri854072 - 1986 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri854072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4072","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Ohio","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of the cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Ohio. Data uses and funding sources were identified for 107 continuous stream gages currently being operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in Ohio with a budget of $682,000; this budget includes field work for other projects and excludes stations jointly operated with the Miami Conservancy District. No stream gage were identified as having insufficient reason to continue their operation; nor were any station identified as having uses specifically only for short-term studies. All 107 station should be maintained in the program for the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nThe average standard error of estimation of stream flow records is 29.2 percent at its present level of funding. A minimum budget of $679,000 is required to operate the 107-gage program; a budget less than this does no permit proper service and maintenance of the gages and recorders. At the minimum budget, the average standard error is 31.1 percent The maximum budget analyzed was $1,282,000, which resulted in an average standard error of 11.1 percent.\r\n\r\nA need for additional gages has been identified by the other agencies that cooperate in the program. It is suggested that these gage be installed as funds can be made available.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854072","usgsCitation":"Shindel, H., and Bartlett, W., 1986, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4072, v, 109 :ill.,maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854072.","productDescription":"v, 109 :ill.,maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58523,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shindel, H.L.","contributorId":17652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shindel","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlett, W.P.","contributorId":76780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlett","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29367,"text":"wri854253 - 1986 - Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:04:51","indexId":"wri854253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4253","title":"Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"An appraisal of surface water quality in the Umpqua River basin was made using existing monthly data collected by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Douglas County Water Resources Survey. This appraisal was limited to interpretation of instantaneous monthly water quality data collected in the Umpqua River basin from water years 1974 to 1983. These data were used to compare water quality conditions throughout the basin and to determine if data collected from the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting network) station are representative of upstream basin conditions. In general, data collected at the NASQAN station represent a composite of water quality from the North and South Umpqua Rivers. These river basins account for 82 % of the NASQAN station drainage. Water quality concentrations, loads, yields, and trends were statistically described and related to point source effluent loads and basin characteristics including geohydrology, hydrology, population, land use, and water use. Available point-and nonpoint-source data provided minimal information for determining cause-effect relations and for explaining observed trends in water quality; however, the data did indicate that the largest effluent discharges are located in the South Umpqua River basin in the Roseburg-Winston area. Instantaneous and annual flow weighted levels of specific conductance, phosphorus, organic plus ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, and fecal coliform bacteria are generally highest in the South Umpqua River near Roseburg. These high levels generally occur during the summer months when river flow is extremely low relative to flow in the North Umpqua River. The North Umpqua River has among the lowest constituent concentrations observed in the basin. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854253","usgsCitation":"Rinella, J.F., 1986, Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4253, vii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854253.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4253/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, J. F.","contributorId":86777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47701,"text":"wri854242 - 1986 - Hydrology of Hunters Lake, Hernando County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"wri854242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4242","title":"Hydrology of Hunters Lake, Hernando County, Florida","docAbstract":"The size and shape of Hunters Lake, Florida has been significantly altered by development of the surrounding Spring Hill residential community. The lake is the largest in Hernando County, enlarged by lakeshore excavation and connection to nearby ponds to an area of 360 acres at an average stage of 17.2 ft above sea level. Hunters Lake is naturally a closed lake, but development of Spring Hill has resulted in a surface water outflow from the lake in its southwest corner. Inflow to the lake could occur on the east side during extreme high-water periods. The karst terrain of the Hunters Lake area is internally drained through permeable soils, depressions, and sinkholes, and natural surface drainage is absent. The underlying Floridan aquifer system is unconfined except locally near coastal springs. Flow in the groundwater system is to the west regionally and to the southwest in the immediate area of Hunters Lake. Water level gradients in the groundwater system increase from 1.4 ft/mi east of the lake to about 8 ft/mi southwest of the lake. Hunters Lake is hydraulically connected to the groundwater system, receiving groundwater on the northeast side and losing water to the groundwater system on the southwest side. This close relationship with the groundwater system is demonstrated by graphical and numerical comparison of Hunters Lake stage with water levels in nearby groundwater sites. During 1965-84, the stage of Hunters Lake fluctuated between 12.48 and 20.7 ft above sea level. Because area lakes are all directly affected by groundwater levels, they also show a close relationship with water levels in Hunters Lake. Analysis of water quality data for Hunters Lake indicates that the water of the lake is a soft calcium bicarbonate type with ionic concentrations higher than in water from nearby shallow wells and lower than in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Samples collected in 1981-1983 indicate slightly higher levels of ionic concentration than in 1965-66. Distribution of specific conductance readings throughout the lake and water samples and specific conductance from upgradient sites indicates an inflow of more mineralized water into the northern part of the lake. Concentrations of nutrients, carbon, and phytoplankton in Hunters Lake are typical of lakes in this area of west-central Florida. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri854242","usgsCitation":"Henderson, S., 1986, Hydrology of Hunters Lake, Hernando County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4242, 1 map : col. ; 34 x 59 cm., on sheet 79 x 118 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854242.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 34 x 59 cm., on sheet 79 x 118 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":260400,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4242/report.pdf"},{"id":260401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4242/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":258734,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4242/plate-1.pdf","size":"15172","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, S.E.","contributorId":70806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28642,"text":"wri854201 - 1986 - Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the Little Bear Creek area, Moorhead coal field, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri854201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4201","title":"Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the Little Bear Creek area, Moorhead coal field, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"The Little Bear Creek area of the Moorhead Coal Field, 27 miles south of Ashland, Montana, contains large reserves of Federally owned coal that have been identified for potential lease sale. A hydrologic study was conducted in the area to describe existing hydrologic system and to assess potential effects of surface mining on local water resources. Hydrologic data collected from private wells, observation wells, test holes and springs indicate that the aquifers are coal and sandstone beds in the upper part of the Tongue River Member, Fort Union Formation (Paleocene age), and sand and gravel layers of valley alluvium (Pleistocene and Holocene age). Surface water is available from ephemeral flow along stretches of the main streams, and from stock ponds throughout the area. Mining the Anderson and Dietz coal beds would destroy one stock well and several stock ponds, would possibly interfere with the flow of one spring, and would lower the potentiometric surface within the coal and sandstone aquifers. The alluvial aquifer beneath Little Bear Creek and Davidson Draw would be removed at the mine site, as would sandstone and coal aquifers above the mine floor. Although mining would alter existing hydrologic systems, alternative water supplies are available. Planned structuring of the spoils and reconstruction of the alluvial aquifers could minimize downstream water-quality degradation. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854201","usgsCitation":"McClymonds, N.E., 1986, Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the Little Bear Creek area, Moorhead coal field, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4201, vi, 91 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854201.","productDescription":"vi, 91 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4201/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57477,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4201/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57478,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4201/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57479,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4201/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57480,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68389d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClymonds, N. E.","contributorId":94653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClymonds","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28536,"text":"wri864072 - 1986 - Evaluation of the U.S. Geological Survey's gaging-station network in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri864072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4072","title":"Evaluation of the U.S. Geological Survey's gaging-station network in Illinois","docAbstract":"Data collected at 97 of the 176 gaging stations operated in Illinois during 1983 were used to describe rainfall-runoff processes, to monitor and forecast floods, and to monitor and regulate lake levels, discharge from reservoirs, or discharge of navigable streams. Stream-gaging stations on the Illinois River at Havana, East Branch Du Page River, and interior streams of the Mississippi River floodplain; peak-flow stations on small watersheds; and stage-only stations upstream from unsafe high-hazard dams should be considered for inclusion in future stream-gaging programs. The accuracy of regression models for peak-flow and 1-day mean flood-volume characteristics would not be considerably improved if the density of gaging stations and length of record at those gaging stations are increased. Model error masks tradeoffs between accuracy, density, and record length. The large number of streamflow records presently available is sufficient for fairly accurately determining most streamflow characteristics. The accuracy of streamflow records reported for stream gaging stations and peak-flow stations varies widely. The accuracy of streamflow records for 12 stream-gaging stations and 11 peak-flow stations is substantially less than the accuracy of records for the other 143 gaging stations considered. Based on an evaluation of relative worth, 26 gaging stations are candidates for some type of action if budgetary limitations so demand. A candidate stream-gaging stations could be operated during only part of a year, converted to a peak-flow station, or discontinued. Candidate peak-flow stations should be discontinued. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri864072","usgsCitation":"Mades, D., and Oberg, K.A., 1986, Evaluation of the U.S. Geological Survey's gaging-station network in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4072, vii, 88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864072.","productDescription":"vii, 88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa4c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mades, D. M.","contributorId":40230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mades","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K. A.","contributorId":67553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28008,"text":"wri844353 - 1986 - Three-dimensional model simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844353","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4353","title":"Three-dimensional model simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"As part of the Southwest Alluvial Basins study, model was constructed to simulate the alluvial aquifer system underlying the Albuquerque-Belen Basin. The model was used to simulate the steady-state flow condition assumed to have existed prior to 1960. Until this time there apparently were no long-term groundwater level changes of a significant magnitude outside the immediate vicinity of Albuquerque. Therefore, the construction of a steady-state flow model of the aquifer system based on reported hydrologic data predating 1960 was justified. During construction of the steady-state model, simulated hydraulic conductivity values were adjusted, within acceptable physical limits, until a best fit between measured or reported and computed heads at 34 control wells was achieved. The modeled area was divided into six sub-areas, or zones, within each of which hydraulic conductivity was assumed to be uniform. The model consisted of six layers for each of which simulated transmissivity was proportional to the layer thickness. Adjustments to simulated hydraulic conductivity values in the different zones resulted in final values that ranged from a low of 0.25 ft/day in the west to 50 ft/day in the eastern part of the basin. The error of the simulation, defined as the absolute difference between the computed and the measured or reported water level at the corresponding point in the physical system being modeled, ranged from 0.6 ft to 36 ft, with an average of 14.6 ft for the 34 control wells. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844353","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., and Scott, W.B., 1986, Three-dimensional model simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4353, v, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844353.","productDescription":"v, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4353/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56833,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4353/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, W. B.","contributorId":87887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26629,"text":"wri864034 - 1986 - Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri864034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4034","title":"Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi","docAbstract":"In 1964 the U.S. Geological Survey in Mississippi expanded the small stream gaging network for collection of rainfall and runoff data to 92 stations. To expedite availability of flood frequency information a rainfall-runoff model using available long-term rainfall data was calibrated to synthesize flood peaks. Results obtained from observed annual peak flow data for 51 sites having 16 yr to 30 yr of annual peaks are compared with the synthetic results. Graphical comparison of the 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-year flood discharges indicate good agreement. The root mean square error ranges from 27% to 38% and the synthetic record bias from -9% to -18% in comparison with the observed record. The reduced variance in the synthetic results is attributed to use of only four long-term rainfall records and model limitations. The root mean square error and bias is within the accuracy considered to be satisfactory. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864034","usgsCitation":"Colson, B., 1986, Comparison of flood frequency estimates from synthetic and observed data on small drainage areas in Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4034, iv, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864034.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colson, B.E.","contributorId":71546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colson","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26522,"text":"wri864176 - 1986 - Low-flow profiles of the upper Ocmulgee and Flint rivers in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:22:10","indexId":"wri864176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4176","title":"Low-flow profiles of the upper Ocmulgee and Flint rivers in Georgia","docAbstract":"This report provides low-flow information for use in evaluating the capacity of streams to supply withdrawals or to accept waste loads from potential new industries without exceeding the limits of State water-quality standards. The report is the first phase of a study of all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. It covers the Piedmont part if the Ocmulgee and Flint River basins. The low-flow characteristic presented is the minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-year recurrence interval. The data are presented graphically as low-flow profiles (low flow as a function of distance along a stream channel) and as drainage-area profiles (drainage area as a function of distance along a stream channel). Low-flow profiles were constructed by interpolation or extrapolation from points of known low-flow data. Low-flow profiles are included for all stream reaches where low-flow data of sufficient accuracy are available to justify computation of the profiles. Drainage-area profiles are included for all stream basins larger than 5 sq mi. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent other than natural flow conditions. Profiles for 7-day minimum flows are omitted for stream reaches where natural flow is known to be significantly altered. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864176","usgsCitation":"Carter, R., Hopkins, E.H., and Perlman, H., 1986, Low-flow profiles of the upper Ocmulgee and Flint rivers in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4176, iv, 239 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864176.","productDescription":"iv, 239 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55387,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4176/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Flint River, Ocmulgee 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R.F.","contributorId":101261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, E. H.","contributorId":18411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perlman, H.","contributorId":53846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlman","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26051,"text":"wri864131 - 1986 - Example evaluation of a permit application for a proposed hazardous-waste landfill in eastern Adams County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri864131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4131","title":"Example evaluation of a permit application for a proposed hazardous-waste landfill in eastern Adams County, Colorado","docAbstract":"A project was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to demonstrate methods by which RCRA (Resources Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976) Part B permit applications might be evaluated. The purpose of the project was to prepare a report that would supplement a series of case studies to be made available to permit writers in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Four sites in the United States were chosen for their potential applicability to geologically similar sites. The Adams County, Colorado, site was chosen to be representative of sites in the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The intent of this report is to provide an example of how available earth-science information might be used in evaluating an application and not to evaluate the acceptability of the site. Because this study is an evaluation of a permit application, the data used are limited to the data supplied in the application and in published reports. Of the five criteria required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be addressed in the permit application considered in the case study, the application was evaluated to be inadequate in addressing three criteria: (1) Site characterization, (2) ability to monitor the location, and (3) flow paths and 100-foot time of travel. Details of the inadequacies and a description of the information needed to eliminate the inadequacies are included in the report. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864131","usgsCitation":"Banta, E.R., 1986, Example evaluation of a permit application for a proposed hazardous-waste landfill in eastern Adams County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4131, iv, 17 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864131.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54828,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f949c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, E. R.","contributorId":63038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25758,"text":"wri864157 - 1986 - Review of the hydrologic data-collection network in the St. Joseph River basin, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T22:56:10.887176","indexId":"wri864157","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4157","title":"Review of the hydrologic data-collection network in the St. Joseph River basin, Indiana","docAbstract":"

The St. Joseph River Basin data-collection network in the St. Joseph River for streamflow, lake, ground water, and climatic stations was reviewed. The network review included only the 1700 sq mi part of the basin in Indiana. The streamflow network includes 11 continuous-record gaging stations and one partial-record station. Based on areal distribution, lake effect , contributing drainage area, and flow-record ratio, six of these stations can be used to describe regional hydrology. Gaging stations on lakes are used to collect long-term lake-level data on which to base legal lake levels, and to monitor lake-level fluctuations after legal levels are established. More hydrogeologic data are needed for determining the degree to which grouhd water affects lake levels. The current groundwater network comprises 15 observation wells and has four purposes: (1) to determine the interaction between groundwater and lakes; (2) to measure changes in groundwater levels near irrigation wells; (3) to measure water levels in wells at special purpose sites; and (4) to measure long-term changes in water levels in areas not affected by pumping. Seven wells near three lakes have provided sufficient information for correlating water levels in wells and lakes but are not adequate to quantify the effect of groundwater on lake levels. Water levels in five observation wells located in the vicinity of intensive irrigation are not noticeably affected by seasonal withdrawals. The National Weather Sevice operates eight climatic stations in the basin primarily to characterize regional climatic conditions and to aid in flood forecasting. The network meets network-density guidelines established by the World Meterological Organization for collection of precipitation and evaporation data but not guidelines suggested by the National Weather Service for density of precipitation gages in areas of significant convective rainfalls. (Author 's abstract)

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri864157","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Crompton, E., Peters, J.G., Miller, R.L., Stewart, J.A., Banaszak, K., and Shedlock, R.J., 1986, Review of the hydrologic data-collection network in the St. Joseph River basin, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4157, v, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864157.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395582,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36583.htm"},{"id":54519,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4157/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"St. Joseph River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.98748779296875,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -86.25091552734375,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 41.64418347939748\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 41.6010669423553\n ],\n [\n -86.209716796875,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -86.1273193359375,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -86.0504150390625,\n 41.56408696606436\n ],\n [\n -85.9515380859375,\n 41.56408696606436\n ],\n [\n -85.8966064453125,\n 41.55381099217959\n ],\n [\n -85.8526611328125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -85.86639404296875,\n 41.422134246213616\n ],\n [\n -85.836181640625,\n 41.37474755643594\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 41.35825713137813\n ],\n [\n -85.78674316406249,\n 41.321138395239565\n ],\n [\n -85.63842773437499,\n 41.31494988250963\n ],\n [\n -85.43792724609375,\n 41.38299120166604\n ],\n [\n -85.35003662109374,\n 41.44478523154319\n ],\n [\n -85.26214599609375,\n 41.44684402008925\n ],\n [\n -85.21820068359375,\n 41.48594858993134\n ],\n [\n -85.1934814453125,\n 41.51886045990478\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 41.57025176609894\n ],\n [\n -85.18524169921875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -85.0726318359375,\n 41.60928183876483\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 41.63186741069748\n ],\n [\n -84.98748779296875,\n 41.76106872528616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crompton, E. J.","contributorId":70412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, J. G.","contributorId":56216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, J. A.","contributorId":50158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Banaszak, K. J.","contributorId":34935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banaszak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shedlock, R. J.","contributorId":91510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":25723,"text":"wri824091 - 1986 - Preliminary delineation and description of the regional aquifers of Tennessee: the East Tennessee aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T22:56:36.359639","indexId":"wri824091","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4091","title":"Preliminary delineation and description of the regional aquifers of Tennessee: the East Tennessee aquifer system","docAbstract":"

The east Tennessee aquifer system occurs in the Valley and Ridge and the Blue Ridge provinces of Tennessee. These areas are underlain by rocks of Precambrian to Pennsylvanian age which have been structurally deformed and faulted during the Appalachian orogeny. Groundwater in the Valley and Ridge occurs primarily in solution openings in carbonate rocks and in fractures in sandstone and shale. Fractures in the crystalline rocks store and transmit most of the groundwater in the Blue Ridge province. The east Tennessee aquifer system is important as a source of rural and municipal drinking water. Within 300 ft of land surface, groundwater generally contains less than 500 milligrams/L dissolved solids. At greater depths, fractures and solution openings are smaller and fewer in number. There are very little data to define groundwater occurrence at depths greater than about 300 ft. Groundwater flow may be restricted and the dissolved solids concentrations in the groundwater may reach thousands or even ten thousands of milligrams/L. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri824091","usgsCitation":"Brahana, J., Mulderink, D., Macy, J.A., and Bradley, M.W., 1986, Preliminary delineation and description of the regional aquifers of Tennessee: the East Tennessee aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4091, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824091.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410909,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35602.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri824091","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.5,\n 36.594\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -81.667,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -81.667,\n 36.594\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 36.594\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brahana, J. V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulderink, Dolores","contributorId":64667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulderink","given":"Dolores","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macy, J. A.","contributorId":10047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, M. W.","contributorId":40610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16361,"text":"ofr87309 - 1986 - Vector data structure conversion at the EROS Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T15:04:26","indexId":"ofr87309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-309","title":"Vector data structure conversion at the EROS Data Center","docAbstract":"

With the increasing prevalence of GIS systems and the processing of spatial data, conversion of data from one system to another has become a more serious problem. This report describes the approach taken to arrive at a solution at the EROS Data Center.

The report consists of a main section and a number of appendices. The methodology is described in the main section, while the appendices have system specific descriptions. The overall approach is based on a central conversion hub consisting of a relational database manager and associated tools, with a standard data structure for the transfer of spatial data. This approach is the best compromise between the two goals of reducing the overall interfacing effort and producing efficient system interfaces, while the tools can be used to arrive at a progression of interface sophistication ranging from toolbench to smooth flow.

The appendices provide detailed information on a number of spatial data handling systems and data structures and existing interfaces as well as interfaces developed with the described methodology.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87309","usgsCitation":"van Roessel, J.W., and Doescher, S.W., 1986, Vector data structure conversion at the EROS Data Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-309, vii, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87309.","productDescription":"vii, 134 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45283,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60274f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Roessel, Jan W.","contributorId":35745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Roessel","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":172724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doescher, S. W.","contributorId":87557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doescher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15903,"text":"ofr86307 - 1986 - Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T19:07:57.514397","indexId":"ofr86307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-307","title":"Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"

A digital-computer model was calibrated to simulate, in three dimensions, the ground-water flow in the principal and shallow-unconfined aquifers in Salt Lake Valley, Utah. The model can be used to predict water-level and waterbudget changes that would be caused by changes in well recharge or discharge. This report shows how a user can revise the input data so that recharging or discharging wells may be simulated and how stress-period intervals can be varied to simulate different periods of recharge or discharge.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr86307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., and Waddell, K., 1986, Guide to user modification of a three-dimensional digital ground-water model for Salt Lake Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-307, Report: iv, 13 p.; Plate: 17.58 in. x 21.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86307.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Plate: 17.58 in. x 21.55 inches","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":44885,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44886,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409007,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16998.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":150214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0307/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.19540041154342,\n 40.88370704900959\n ],\n [\n -112.19540041154342,\n 40.399033913978286\n ],\n [\n -111.78769401167678,\n 40.399033913978286\n ],\n [\n -111.78769401167678,\n 40.88370704900959\n ],\n [\n -112.19540041154342,\n 40.88370704900959\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a83e4b07f02db64b76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14144,"text":"ofr86496 - 1986 - Analyses of flood-flow frequency for selected gaging stations in South Dakota through September 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:44","indexId":"ofr86496","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-496","title":"Analyses of flood-flow frequency for selected gaging stations in South Dakota through September 1985","docAbstract":"Analyses of flood-flow frequency were made for 80 active continuous-record gaging stations and 105 discontinued crest-stage partial-record stations in South Dakota with 10 or more years of record. The analyses were developed using the log-Pearson Type III procedure recommended by the U.S. Water Resources Council (Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1981.) (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86496","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, E., Freese, M., and Winter, D., 1986, Analyses of flood-flow frequency for selected gaging stations in South Dakota through September 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-496, xii, 137 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86496.","productDescription":"xii, 137 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0496/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42793,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0496/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, E.B.","contributorId":47379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freese, M.E.","contributorId":12492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freese","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, D.R.","contributorId":27064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13853,"text":"ofr85676 - 1986 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T10:55:01","indexId":"ofr85676","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-676","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas, 1984","docAbstract":"

Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. Studies are now in progress in Austin, and Houston. Studies have been completed in the Dallas, Fort Worth, and San Antonio areas.

\n

The Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Reources, began hydrologic studies in the Austin urban area in 1954. In cooperation with the city of Austin, the program was expanded in 1975 to include additional streamflow and rainfall gaging stations, and the collection of surface water-quality data. In 1978, the program was expanded to include a ground-water resources study of the South Austin metropolitan area in the Balcones Fault Zone.

\n

The objectives of the Austin urban hydrology study are as follows:

\n
    \n
  1. To determine, on the basis of historical data and hydrologic analyses, the magnitude and frequency of flood peaks and flood volume.
    2. \n
  2. To determine the effect of urban development on flood peaks and volume.
    3. \n
  3. To determine the variations in water quality during different seasons and flow conditions in representative watersheds with various types of urban development.
    4. \n
  4. To quantitatively appraise the ground-water resources of the Edwards aquifer in hydraulic circulation with Barton Springs, the effect of urbanization on the quality and quantity of recharge and discharge, and the extent of contamination in the aquifer.
    5. \n
\n

This report presents the basic hydrologic data collected in the Austin urban area for the 1984 water year (Oct. 1, 1983 to Sept. 30, 1984). Additional explanations of terms related to streamflow, water quality, and other hydrologic data used in this report are defined in the U.S. Geological Survey annual report Water Resources Data for Texas, TX-84-3, 1984.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr85676","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Austin","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J., Pate, D., and Dorsey, M., 1986, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-676, v, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85676.","productDescription":"v, 92 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42458,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0676/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":144365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0676/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -97.38006591796874,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -97.38006591796874,\n 30.615459280672667\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 30.615459280672667\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.991812888666043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db608097","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, J.D.","contributorId":26684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pate, D.L.","contributorId":87145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pate","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":12813,"text":"ofr86144 - 1986 - Hydrologic reconnaissance and summary of existing data on surface and ground-water resources in the Missouri River valley in Woodbury and Monona counties, Iowa, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:53","indexId":"ofr86144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-144","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance and summary of existing data on surface and ground-water resources in the Missouri River valley in Woodbury and Monona counties, Iowa, 1985","docAbstract":"A hydrologic reconnaissance of the Missouri River valley in western Iowa was begun in 1985. The study area is about 400 sq mi of Missouri River flood plain used mainly for agricultural purposes and is located mostly in parts of Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa. The reconnaissance was conducted to determine the extent of hydrologic information available for the study area and to determine if the existing data base is sufficient to support an interpretive investigation to quantify the groundwater/surface water relationships in the area. Extensive information concerning the surface water resources of the area, particularly the Missouri River, is available. Very little information concerning the geometry, hydraulic characteristics and groundwater flow relationships in the alluvial aquifer is available. Information needs to be collected to create an adequate data base for future simulation of groundwater flow and to calibrate any estimates of flow. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86144","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R., 1986, Hydrologic reconnaissance and summary of existing data on surface and ground-water resources in the Missouri River valley in Woodbury and Monona counties, Iowa, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-144, iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86144.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0144/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41229,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605675","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, R.C.","contributorId":59458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12359,"text":"ofr8671 - 1986 - Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr8671","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-71","title":"Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, conducts three major types of activities in Kentucky in order to provide hydrologic information and understanding needed for the best management of Kentucky 's and the Nation 's water resources. These activities are: (1) Data collection and dissemination; (2) Water-resources appraisals (interpretive studies); and (3) Research. Activities described in some detail following: (1) collection of surface - and groundwater data; (2) operation of stations to collect data on water quality, atmospheric deposition, and sedimentation; (3) flood investigations; (4) water use; (5) small area flood hydrology; (6) feasibility of disposal of radioactive disposal in deep crystalline rocks; (7) development of a groundwater model for the Louisville area; (8) travel times for streams in the Kentucky River Basin; (9) the impact of sinkholes and streams on groundwater flow in a carbonate aquifer system; (10) sedimentation and erosion rates at the Maxey Flats Radioactive Waste Burial site; and (11) evaluation of techniques for evaluating the cumulative impacts of mining as applied to coal fields in Kentucky. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8671","usgsCitation":"Faust, R.J., 1986, Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-71, iv, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8671.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40595,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, R. J. (compiler)","contributorId":83128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"R.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11969,"text":"ofr85631 - 1986 - Channel geometry and hydrologic data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:31","indexId":"ofr85631","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-631","title":"Channel geometry and hydrologic data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1983-84","docAbstract":"The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens generated a lateral blast, lahars, and tephra deposits that altered stream channels in the Lewis River drainage basin. In order to assess potential flood hazards, monitor channel adjustments, and construct a sediment budget for disturbed drainages on the east and southeast flanks of the volcano, channel cross sections were monumented and surveyed on Pine Creek, Muddy River, and Smith Creek during September and October of 1980. Additional cross sections were monumented and surveyed on Swift Creek, Bean Creek , and Clearwater Creek during 1981. This network of channel cross sections has been resurveyed annually. Selected cross sections have been surveyed more frequently, following periods of higher flow. Longitudinal stream profiles of the low-water thalweg and (or) water surfaces were surveyed periodically for selected short reaches of channel. Corresponding map views for these reaches were constructed using the survey data and aerial photographs. This report presents plots of channel cross-section profiles, longitudinal stream profiles, and channel maps constructed from survey data collected during water years 1983-84. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85631","usgsCitation":"Martinson, H.A., Hammond, H., Mast, W., and Mango, P., 1986, Channel geometry and hydrologic data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-631, v, 161 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85631.","productDescription":"v, 161 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0631/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39963,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0631/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e62ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinson, H. A.","contributorId":16834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, H.E.","contributorId":69988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, W.W.","contributorId":74381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mango, P.D.","contributorId":63397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mango","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70121265,"text":"70121265 - 1986 - Development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria for use in the instream flow incremental methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T13:57:55","indexId":"70121265","displayToPublicDate":"1986-09-01T13:51:51","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"FWS/OBS-86/7","title":"Development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria for use in the instream flow incremental methodology","docAbstract":"

The Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) is a habitat-based tool used to evaluate the environmental consequences of various water and land use practices. As such, knowledge about the conditions that provide favorable habitat for a species, and those that do not, is necessary for successful implementation of the methodology. In the context of IFIM, this knowledge is defined as habitat suitability criteria: characteristic behavioral traits of a species that are established as standards for comparison in the decision-making process.

\n
\n

Habitat suitability criteria may be expressed in a variety of types and formats. The type, or category, refers to the procedure used to develop the criteria. Category I criteria are based on professional judgment, with little or no empirical data. Category II criteria have as their source, microhabitat data collected at locations where target organisms are observed or collected. These are called “utilization” functions because they are based on observed locations that were used by the target organism. These functions tend to be biased by the environmental conditions that were available to the fish or invertebrates at the time they were observed. Correction of the utilization function for environmental availability creates category III, or “preference” criteria, which tend to be much less site specific than category II criteria.

\n
\n

There are also several ways to express habitat suitability in graphical form. The binary format establishes a suitable range for each variable as it pertains to a life stage of interest, and is presented graphically as a step function. The quality rating for a variable is 1.0 if it falls within the range of the criteria, and 0.0 if it falls outside the range. The univariate curve format established both the usable range and the optimum range for each variable, with conditions of intermediate usability expressed along the portion between the tails and the peak of the curve. Multivariate probability density functions, which can be used to compute suitability for several variables simultaneously, are conveyed as three dimensional figures with suitability on the z-axis, and two independent variables on the x-y plane. These functions are useful for incorporating interactive terms between two or more variable. Such interactions can also be demonstrated using conditional criteria, which are stratified by cover type or substrate size. Conditional criteria may be of any category or format, but are distinguishable by two or more sets of functional relationships for each life stage.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Instream Flow Information Paper #21","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDI Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., 1986, Development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria for use in the instream flow incremental methodology, 235 p.","productDescription":"235 p.","numberOfPages":"235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b64de4b09d12e0e8e68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28149,"text":"wri854068 - 1986 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:11:33.502893","indexId":"wri854068","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4068","title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

A 5-year, data-collection and modeling study was conducted on Pheasant Branch basin in and near Middleton, Wisconsin. The objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the streamflow characteristics, sediment transport, and stream-channel morphology in the Pheasant Branch basin; and (2) relate the above factors to changes caused by urbanization and project the effect of urbanization on the hydrology and channel morphology of the study area.

\n

 

\n

Streamflow data were collected at five sites for 4 years in the basin to defme present streamflow conditions. Suspended-sediment data also were collected at these sites. In addition, periodic surveys of monumented channel cross sections were made and compared with a survey from an earlier study to document changes in the channel over a period of 10 years.

\n

The suspended-sediment data show a decrease in suspended-sediment load through the fully urbanized reach of the stream in 3 of the 4 years studied. This corresponds with the slight net decrease in cross-section area in this reach for the same period. Possible explanations for the decrease in suspended-sediment loads through this reach include (1) sediment being trapped at the five drop structures and the Park Street erosion-control structure and (2) sediment being deposited in overbank areas throughout the reach. Farther downstream, the suspended-sediment load decreased through the Pheasant Branch marsh during a year of high flow but increased through the marsh in 2 of the 3 years for which complete data are available. The marsh is not acting as a net sediment trap in some years.

\n

A rainfall-runoff model was calibrated and verified for the basin upstream from U.S. Highway 12. This model was used to simulate 68 years of summer flood hydrographs for three conditions: Current land use, projected urban development, and complete urban development of all lands in the basin. Analysis of simulated flood flows indicates that projected urban development would double the mean annual flood peaks at U.S. Highway 12. Complete development of the basin would increase the mean annual flood peak by a factor of 2.4.

\n

From 1971 to 1977, the mean streambed elevation lowered by almost 2 feet, and the mean channel width increased by more than 35 percent in the reach downstream from the fully urbanized part of the basin. In other reaches, the mean streambed elevation lowered by more than a foot. Changes in channel cross sections after 1977 were smaller.

\n

Increases in flood flow would tend to enlarge the channel. An increase in the mean annual flood by a factor of 2. 0 to 2.4 will cause a 40 to 50 percent increase in channel width and a 30 to 40 percent increase in channel depth.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey and the City of Middleton","usgsCitation":"Krug, W., and Goddard, G.L., 1986, Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4068, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854068.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415474,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36247.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Pheasant Branch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.049\n ],\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.16\n ],\n [\n -89.469,\n 43.16\n ],\n [\n -89.469,\n 43.049\n ],\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, W.R.","contributorId":23147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, G. L.","contributorId":10442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29212,"text":"wri854013 - 1986 - Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T21:03:03.221404","indexId":"wri854013","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4013","title":"Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"

The water resources of the Montauk area were investigated from October 1980 through September 1983 to assess the availability of fresh groundwater. The principal aquifer, which consists of fine- to coarse-grained stratified glacial drift, is the sole source of freshwater. The freshwater/saltwater interface lies as much as 150 ft below sea level, but the till unit and the marine-clay unit limit the thickness of the zone from which freshwater may easily be withdrawn to < 100 ft in most places. Precipitation, the sole source of freshwater in the Montauk area , averages about 42 in/yr. Direct runoff is approximately 1 in/yr, and evapotranspiration about 20 in/yr; the remaining 21 inches is the net recharge to the principal aquifer. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity, as calculated from specific-capacity data, ranges from 130 to 350 ft/d. Analysis of an aquifer pumping test indicates that horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the principal aquifer is approximately 275 ft/d and the vertical hydraulic conductivity is approximately 90 ft/d; the storage coefficient ranges from 1.1 x .001 to 2.2 x .001. A numerical two-dimensional flow model that simulates the areal flow of fresh- and saltwater was developed to evaluate the effects of the present level of groundwater development and the potential effects of increased future withdrawals. Model results indicate that the principal aquifer is capable of producing several times more than the 0.6 mil gal/d now being withdrawn for public supply. Examination of well design and pumping rates, and analysis of analog-model studies of saltwater upconing to wells, indicate that the peak pumping rate of public supply wells exceeds the limit necessary to avoid contamination from saltwater. With proper well design and distribution of pumping stress, the aquifer system would be capable of supplying enough water to meet the needs of the population projected through 1995. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854013","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., 1986, Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4013, Report: viii, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 31.95 x 14.55 inches and 34.29 x 21.12 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854013.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 31.95 x 14.55 inches and 34.29 x 21.12 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415605,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36208.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58069,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island, Montauk area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.854,\n 41.083\n ],\n [\n -72.042,\n 41.083\n ],\n [\n -72.042,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -71.854,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -71.854,\n 41.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, K. R.","contributorId":7328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015109,"text":"70015109 - 1986 - Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales. Part 1: Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T14:45:58.667965","indexId":"70015109","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2418,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales. Part 1: Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance","docAbstract":"

Detailed organic geochemistry has been performed on a large number of Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales from the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin, and 28 oils mainly from Mississippian Madison Group rocks from different basinal areas. Here we report results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) analyses. Variable paleoheat flows in the Williston Basin caused the threshold of intense hydrocarbon generation to occur at different depths in different basinal areas. In higher paleogeothermal gradient basinal areas, this event occurred at depths of 7,650-8,000 ft, and at 10,000 ft or deeper in lower paleogeothermal gradient areas of the Basin. Distinct organic metamorphic imprints in Williston Basin sediments were also caused by extreme, but variable, paleoheat flows in the basin, as well as secondary migration of crude oils from deep basinal source areas. The high paleoheat flows are postulated as being due to a Late Cretaceous - Paleocene aborted rift event. Only a small volume of Bakken shales in restricted areas of the Williston Basin was responsible for the oil found reservoired in Mississippian Madison Group rocks. However, this small shale volume has been responsible for a relatively large amount of crude oil.

Ro profiles in the Tertiary through Middle Jurassic rocks in the Williston Basin had steep, linear Ro versus depth gradients, with strong reversals of Ro values occurring in the Lower Jurassic rocks. The lower Mesozoic through Paleozoic rocks of the Basin had strongly suppressed Ro values compared to the values in the Tertiary through Middle Jurassic rocks. This was especially true of the Ro values in the Bakken shales. This Ro suppression was due to a change in organic matter (OM) type from oxygen-rich terrestrially derived OM in the younger rocks, to a hydrogen-rich marine derived OM in the deeper, older rocks. The threshold of intense oil generation (TIHG) occurred in the Bakken shales of the Williston Basin at Ro values somewhere between 0.9 and 1.7% (best estimate 0.9), as would be read in oxygen-rich OM. Much higher burial temperatures (and consequently Ro values) than usually held to be necessary were required for both the TIHG as well as mainstage hydrocarbon generation in the Bakken shales. These results are most likely applicable in general to source rocks with hydrogen-rich OM. The data of this study have major implications to petroleum exploration as well as to petroleum resource assessment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-5457.1986.tb00378.x","issn":"01416421","usgsCitation":"Price, L., Daws, T., and Pawlewicz, M., 1986, Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales. Part 1: Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 125-162, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1986.tb00378.x.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fd0e4b0c8380cd75caa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, L.C.","contributorId":48575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daws, T.","contributorId":43919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daws","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pawlewicz, M.","contributorId":68886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015700,"text":"70015700 - 1986 - Lithic breccia and ignimbrite erupted during the collapse of Crater Lake Caldera, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T15:27:50","indexId":"70015700","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithic breccia and ignimbrite erupted during the collapse of Crater Lake Caldera, Oregon","docAbstract":"

The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama (6845 y.B.P.) vented a total of ∼50 km3 of compositionally zoned rhyodacitic to basaltic magma from: (a) a single vent as a Plinian pumice fall deposit and the overlying Wineglass Welded Tuff, and (b) ring vents as ignimbrite and coignimbrite lithic breccia accompanying the collapse of Crater Lake caldera. New field and grain-size data for the ring-vent products are presented in this report. The coarse-grained, poorly bedded, clast-supported lithic breccia extends as far as 18 km from the caldera center. Like the associated ignimbrite, the breccia is compositionally zoned both radially and vertically, and silicic, mixed, and mafic types can be recognized, based on the proportion of rhyodacitic pumice. Matrix fractions in silicic breccias are depleted of fines and are lithic- and crystal-enriched relative to silicic ignimbrite due to vigorous gas sorting during emplacement. Ignimbrite occurs as a proximal veneer deposit overlying the breccia, a medial (∼ 8 to ∼ 25 km from the caldera center), compositionally zoned valley fill as much as > 110 m thick, and an unzoned distal (⪖ 20 km) facies which extends as far as 55 km from the caldera. Breccia within ∼ 9 km of the caldera center is interpreted as a coignimbrite lag breccia formed within the deflation zone of the collapsing ring-vent eruption columns. Expanded pyroclastic flows of the deflation zone were probably vertically graded in both size and concentration of blocks, as recently postulated for some turbidity currents. An inflection in the rate of falloff of lithic-clast size within the lithic breccia at ∼ 9 km may mark the outer edge of the deflation zone or may be an artifact of incomplete exposure. The onset of ring-vent activity at Mt. Mazama was accompanied by a marked increase in eruptive discharge. Pyroclastic flows were emplaced as a semicontinuous stream, as few ignimbrite flow-unit boundaries are evident. As eruption from the ring vents progressed, flow-runout distance and the extent of breccia deposition decreased due to (a) greater internal flow friction, and (b) decreasing eruption column heights. Effect (b) probably resulted from a progressive decrease in magmatic gas content and discharge rate. Waning discharge may have been promoted by the tapping of more viscous, crystal-rich magma, collapse of conduit walls, and declining caldera collapse rate.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(86)90038-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Druitt, T.H., and Bacon, C., 1986, Lithic breccia and ignimbrite erupted during the collapse of Crater Lake Caldera, Oregon: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 1-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(86)90038-7.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a481fe4b0c8380cd67c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210941,"text":"70210941 - 1985 - Geologic history of Goban Spur, Northwest Europe continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:22:32.832878","indexId":"70210941","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-07T11:09:46","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of Goban Spur, Northwest Europe continental margin","docAbstract":"

Drilling on Leg 80 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project-International Phase of Ocean Drilling was conducted on a transect of four sites (548-551) across the continent-ocean boundary at Goban Spur, a prominent southwest-trending structural and topographic high on the Irish continental slope. Drilling results have been integrated with physiographic, gravimetric, paleomagnetic, and seismostratigraphic data to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the geologic history of this sediment-starved passive margin.

The geologic history of Goban Spur and adjacent regions may be divided into three periods: (1) a pre-rift period, beginning at the end of the Hercynian orogeny, was marked by several phases of regional faulting. From the late Paleozoic to the Triassic, a major phase was responsible for the development of northeast-trending grabens and horsts, which were especially active areas of deposition during the early and middle Mesozoic. A second phase created northwesttrending listric, normal fault systems which delineated the pre-Atlantic rift system of the Early Cretaceous. (2) A terminal period of active rifting began approximately at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary (late Cimmerian phase), and was marked by a regional emergence. Syn-rift deposition is recorded at Goban Spur by accumulation of a transgressive sequence of hyposaline to pelagic sediments, chiefly Barremian. Interpretation of seismic profiles indicates that (?)Aptian sequences also were deposited in the deeper half-grabens during this phase of rifting. Volcanic rocks appear to be rare or absent in the syn-rift deposits on Goban Spur. (3) The post-rifting period began when ocean crust was accreted in a trough approximately 2000 m deep, beneath what is now the Porcupine Abyssal Plain. This period was marked by the outpouring of pillows and flows of typical oceanic tholeiites, some of which were recovered at Site 550. At the same time, the seaward edge of the continental crust appears to have been deeply intruded by oceanic tholeiites, forming an intermediate crust of transitional geophysical characteristics.

Post-rift sedimentation started in the early Albian, and was accompanied by continuous regional subsidence. Before the Campanian, variable depositional environments produced quite diverse sedimentary sequences in the isolated halfgrabens. Carbonaceous shales were recovered in Cenomanian strata of the deepest site (550) and in lower Turonian beds at sites of intermediate depth (549-551). Depositional environments became more uniform across the margin after the late Campanian, and sedimentation was clearly influenced by more regional or global oceanographic events. Sea-level oscillations, climatic variations, changes in bottom circulation, and vertical fluctuations of the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) were responsible for lithologic changes and major hiatuses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.158.1985","usgsCitation":"de Graciansky, P., and Poag, C., 1985, Geologic history of Goban Spur, Northwest Europe continental margin: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, no. 2, p. 1187-1216, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.158.1985.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1216","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.158.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Goban Spur","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -8.349609375,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -8.349609375,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 50.51342652633956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Graciansky, P.C.","contributorId":228807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Graciansky","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}