The effects of off-road vehicles (ORVS) on invertebrates inhabiting seaweed debris (wrack) and supratidal sands on energetic beaches in the northeastern United States were studied at Cape Cod National Seashore, MA, and Fire Island, NY. Cores, wrack quadrats, and pitfall traps were used to sample four beaches, which all had vehicle-free sections in close proximity to ORV corridors, allowing for paired traffic/no-traffic samples at these sites. A manipulative experiment was also performed by directly driving over nylon-mesh bags filled with eelgrass (Zostera marina) wrack that had been colonized by beach invertebrates, then subjected to treatments of high-, low-, and no-traffic.
Pitfall trap samples had consistently higher overall invertebrate abundances in vehicle-free than in high-traffic zones on all four beaches. In contrast, both wrack quadrats (with intact wrack clumps) and the cores taken directly beneath them did not show consistent differences in overall invertebrate abundances in areas open and closed to vehicles. Overall abundance of wrack was lower on beaches with vehicle traffic. The talitrid amphipod Talorchestia longicornis and the lycosid spider Arctosa littoralis, both of which roam widely on the beach and burrow in supratidal bare sands as adults, were always less abundant in beach sections open to vehicle traffic, regardless of the sampling method used. Other invertebrates, such as oligochaetes (family Enchytraeidae) and Tethinid flies (Tethina parvula), both of which spend most of their lives within/beneath wrack detritus, showed either no response or a positive response to traffic disturbance. In the drive-over experiment, different species responded differently to traffic. The tenebrionid beetle Phaleria testacea (85% larvae) was significantly less abundant in disturbed wrack bags than in controls, while Tethina parvula (90% larvae) showed the reverse trend. Therefore, ORVs adversely affected beach invertebrates, both by killing or displacing some species, and by lowering wrack abundance, thus lowering overall abundance of wrack dwellers. However, for some interstitial detritivores vehicle disturbance apparently facilitated mechanical breakdown of wrack and increased observed abundances.
Our results suggest that alternating opening and closing of adjacent beaches to vehicle traffic allows recolonization of wrack clumps in newly-closed beaches from two sources: wrack-dwelling species from intact wrack clumps that remain on the disturbed beach and wide-ranging species from adjacent undisturbed beaches. Research on rapidity of recolonization from these sources is needed to optimize schedules of beach opening and closing for conservation of supratidal invertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service, Northeast Region","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Kluft, J.M., and Ginsberg, H.S., 2009, The effect of off-road vehicles on barrier beach invertebrates at Cape Cod and Fire Island National Seashores: Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR--2009/138, vii, 42 p.","productDescription":"vii, 42 p.","ipdsId":"IP-010127","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/caco/learn/nature/upload/Steinback-Ginsberg-ORVeffects-DRAFT.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dfe4b077fc20250e1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kluft, J. M.","contributorId":177318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kluft","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":3204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178326,"text":"70178326 - 2009 - Assessment of electrical resistivity method to map groundwater seepage zones in heterogeneous sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-17T15:17:17","indexId":"70178326","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment of electrical resistivity method to map groundwater seepage zones in heterogeneous sediments","docAbstract":"Underwater electrical‐resistivity data were collected along the southwest shore of Mirror Lake, NH, as part of a multi‐year assessment of the utility of geophysics for mapping groundwater seepage beneath lakes. We found that resistivity could locate shoreline sections where water is seeping out of the lake. A resistivity line along the lake bottom starting 27‐m off shore and continuing 27‐m on shore (1‐m electrode spacing) showed the water table dipping away from the lake, the gradient indicative of lake discharge in this area. Resistivity could also broadly delineate high‐seepage zones. An 80‐m line run parallel to shore using a 0.5‐m electrode spacing was compared with measurements collected the previous year using 1‐m electrode spacing. Both data sets showed the transition from high‐seepage glacial outwash, to low‐seepage glacial till, demonstrating reproducibility. However, even the finer 0.5‐m electrode spacing was insufficient to resolve the heterogeneity well enough to predict seepage variability within each zone. For example, over a 12.5‐m stretch where seepage varied from 1–38 cm/day, resistivity varied horizontally from 700–3900 ohm‐m and vertically in the top 2‐m from 900–4000 ohm‐m without apparent correlation with seepage. In two sections along this 80‐m line, one over glacial outwash, the other over till, we collected 14 parallel lines of resistivity, 13.5 m long spaced 1 m apart to form a 13.5 × 13 m data grid. These lines were inverted individually using a 2‐D inversion program and then interpolated to create a 3‐D volume. Examination of resistivity slices through this volume highlights the heterogeneity of both these materials, suggesting groundwater flow takes sinuous flow paths. In such heterogeneous materials the goal of predicting the precise location of high‐seepage points remains elusive.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/1.3176773","usgsCitation":"Gagliano, M.P., Nyquist, J.E., Toran, L., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2009, Assessment of electrical resistivity method to map groundwater seepage zones in heterogeneous sediments, in Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems 2009, p. 815-823, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.3176773.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"823","ipdsId":"IP-011641","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582ecff1e4b04d580bd4353e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gagliano, Michael P.","contributorId":176822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gagliano","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":34225,"text":"Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyquist, Jonathan E.","contributorId":101801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nyquist","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":34225,"text":"Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toran, Laura","contributorId":81622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toran","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34225,"text":"Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032851,"text":"70032851 - 2009 - Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70032851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle","docAbstract":"The critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) is considered to be one of the rarest birds of prey globally and at significant risk of extinction. In the most recent census, only 222 adult individuals were recorded with an estimated total breeding population of no more than 100-120 pairs. Here, levels of Madagascar fish-eagle population genetic diversity based on 47 microsatellite loci were compared with its sister species, the African fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), and 16 of these loci were also characterized in the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Overall, extremely low genetic diversity was observed in the Madagascar fish-eagle compared to other surveyed Haliaeetus species. Determining whether this low diversity is the result of a recent bottleneck or a more historic event has important implications for their conservation. Using a Bayesian coalescent-based method, we show that Madagascar fish-eagles have maintained a small effective population size for hundreds to thousands of years and that its low level of neutral genetic diversity is not the result of a recent bottleneck. Therefore, efforts made to prevent Madagascar fish-eagle extinction should place high priority on maintenance of habitat requirements and reducing direct and indirect human persecution. Given the current rate of deforestation in Madagascar, we further recommend that the population be expanded to occupy a larger geographical distribution. This will help the population persist when exposed to stochastic factors (e.g. climate and disease) that may threaten a species consisting of only 200 adult individuals while inhabiting a rapidly changing landscape. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x","issn":"09621","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.A., Tingay, R., Culver, M., Hailer, F., Clarke, M., and Mindell, D., 2009, Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle: Molecular Ecology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 54-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x.","startPage":"54","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214090,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49a9e4b0c8380cd687bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. A.","contributorId":88375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tingay, R.E.","contributorId":21765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingay","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culver, M.","contributorId":92462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hailer, F.","contributorId":49184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hailer","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clarke, M.L.","contributorId":101086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mindell, D.P.","contributorId":67187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mindell","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032938,"text":"70032938 - 2009 - Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the black bear (Ursus americanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032938","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the black bear (Ursus americanus)","docAbstract":"We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction conditions to amplify 21 tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci in black bears (Ursus americanus). We tested primers using individuals from two populations, one each in Georgia and Florida. Among individuals from Georgia (n = 29), primer pairs yielded an average of 2.9 alleles (range, one to four) and an average observed heterozygosity (HO) of 0.50 (range, 0.00 to 0.79). Among individuals from Florida (n = 19), primer pairs yielded an average of 5.7 alleles (range, one to 14) and an HO of 0.55 (range, 0.00 to 1.00). A comparison of previously developed markers with individuals from Georgia suggests that bear populations in Georgia and Florida have reduced allelic diversity relative to other populations. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02234.x","issn":"17550","usgsCitation":"Sanderlin, J., Faircloth, B., Shamblin, B., and Conroy, M., 2009, Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the black bear (Ursus americanus): Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 9, no. 1, p. 288-291, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02234.x.","startPage":"288","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213450,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02234.x"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5f1e4b08c986b320dab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanderlin, J.S.","contributorId":98122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderlin","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faircloth, B.C.","contributorId":15018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faircloth","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shamblin, B.","contributorId":11009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shamblin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033998,"text":"70033998 - 2009 - Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70033998","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"Federal, State, and local water quality managers charged with restoring the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem require tools to maximize the impact of their limited resources. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) are developing a suite of Web-based tools called the Chesapeake Online Assessment Support Toolkit (COAST). The goal of COAST is to help CBP partners identify geographic areas where restoration activities would have the greatest effect, select the appropriate management strategies, and improve coordination and prioritization among partners. As part of the COAST suite of tools focused on environmental restoration, a water quality management visualization component called the Nutrient Yields Mapper (NYM) tool is being developed by USGS. The NYM tool is a web application that uses watershed yield estimates from USGS SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed (SPARROW) attributes model (Schwarz et al., 2006) [6] to allow water quality managers to identify important sources of nitrogen and phosphorous within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The NYM tool utilizes new open source technologies that have become popular in geospatial web development, including components such as OpenLayers and GeoServer. This paper presents examples of water quality data analysis based on nutrient type, source, yield, and area of interest using the NYM tool for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In addition, we describe examples of map-based techniques for identifying high and low nutrient yield areas; web map engines; and data visualization and data management techniques.","largerWorkTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceDate":"12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009","conferenceLocation":"Fairfax, VA","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397","isbn":"9781424445639","usgsCitation":"Mullinix, C., Hearn, P., Zhang, H., and Aguinaldo, J., 2009, Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, in 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009, Fairfax, VA, 12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc4e4b08c986b32eac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullinix, C.","contributorId":71419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullinix","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hearn, P.","contributorId":73852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aguinaldo, J.","contributorId":24197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguinaldo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032806,"text":"70032806 - 2009 - The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:58:07","indexId":"70032806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","docAbstract":"InSAR is particularly sensitive to vertical displacements, which can be important in distinguishing between mechanisms responsible for the postseismic response to large earthquakes (afterslip, viscoelastic relaxation). We produce maps of the surface displacements resulting from the postseismic response to the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, using data from the Canadian Radarsat-1 satellite from the periods summer 2003, summer 2004 and summer 2005. A peak-to-trough signal of amplitude 4 cm in the satellite line of sight was observed between summer 2003 and summer 2004. By the period between summer 2004 and summer 2005, the displacement rate had dropped below the threshold required for observation with InSAR over a single year. The InSAR observations show that the principal postseismic relaxation process acted at a depth of ∼50 km, equivalent to the top of the mantle. However, the observations are still incapable of distinguishing between distributed (viscoelastic relaxation) and localized (afterslip) deformation. The imposed coseismic stresses are highest in the lower crust and, assuming a Maxwell rheology, a viscosity ratio of at least 5 between lower crust and upper mantle is required to explain the contrast in behaviour. The lowest misfits are produced by mixed models of viscoelastic relaxation in the mantle and shallow afterslip in the upper crust. Profiles perpendicular to the fault show significant asymmetry, which is consistent with differences in rheological structure across the fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x","issn":"09565","usgsCitation":"Biggs, J., Burgmann, R., Freymueller, J., Lu, Z., Parsons, B., Ryder, I., Schmalzle, G., and Wright, T., 2009, The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005: Geophysical Journal International, v. 176, no. 2, p. 353-367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487686,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.03932.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x"}],"volume":"176","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baea7e4b08c986b32424f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, J.","contributorId":59241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, J.T.","contributorId":51482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parsons, B.","contributorId":54017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryder, I.","contributorId":11422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmalzle, G.","contributorId":44364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmalzle","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wright, Tim","contributorId":35942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032847,"text":"70032847 - 2009 - Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032847","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 ??g/l, the United States maximum contaminant level and the World Health Organization guideline value, are frequently reported in groundwater from bedrock and unconsolidated aquifers of southeastern Michigan. Although arsenic-bearing minerals (including arsenian pyrite and oxide/hydroxide phases) have been identified in Marshall Sandstone bedrock of the Mississippian aquifer system and in tills of the unconsolidated aquifer system, mechanisms responsible for arsenic mobilization and subsequent transport in groundwater are equivocal. Recent evidence has begun to suggest that groundwater recharge and characteristics of well construction may affect arsenic mobilization and transport. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between dissolved arsenic concentrations, reported groundwater recharge rates, well construction characteristics, and geology in unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers. Results of multiple linear regression analyses indicate that arsenic contamination is more prevalent in bedrock wells that are cased in proximity to the bedrock-unconsolidated interface; no other factors were associated with arsenic contamination in water drawn from bedrock or unconsolidated aquifers. Conditions appropriate for arsenic mobilization may be found along the bedrock-unconsolidated interface, including changes in reduction/oxidation potential and enhanced biogeochemical activity because of differences between geologic strata. These results are valuable for understanding arsenic mobilization and guiding well construction practices in southeastern Michigan, and may also provide insights for other regions faced with groundwater arsenic contamination. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x","issn":"02694","usgsCitation":"Meliker, J., Slotnick, M., Avruskin, G., Haack, S., and Nriagu, J.O., 2009, Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x.","startPage":"147","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x"},{"id":241708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3ee4b0c8380cd62361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meliker, J.R.","contributorId":56456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meliker","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotnick, M.J.","contributorId":38373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotnick","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avruskin, G.A.","contributorId":30463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avruskin","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nriagu, J. O.","contributorId":46316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nriagu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032942,"text":"70032942 - 2009 - Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032942","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"Non-native marine species have been and continue to be introduced into Puget Sound via several vectors including ship's ballast water. Some non-native species become invasive and negatively impact native species or near shore habitats. We present a new methodology for the development and testing of taxon specific PCR primers designed to assess environmental samples of ocean water for the presence of native and non-native bivalves, crustaceans and algae. The intergenic spacer regions (IGS; ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S) of the ribosomal DNA were sequenced for adult samples of each taxon studied. We used these data along with those available in Genbank to design taxon and group specific primers and tested their stringency against artificial populations of plasmid constructs containing the entire IGS region for each of the 25 taxa in our study, respectively. Taxon and group specific primer sets were then used to detect the presence or absence of native and non-native planktonic life-history stages (propagules) from environmental samples of ballast water and plankton tow net samples collected in Puget Sound. This methodology provides an inexpensive and efficient way to test the discriminatory ability of taxon specific oligonucleotides (PCR primers) before creating molecular probes or beacons for use in molecular ecological applications such as probe hybridizations or microarray analyses. This work addresses the current need to develop molecular tools capable of diagnosing the presence of planktonic life-history stages from non-native marine species (potential invaders) in ballast water and other environmental samples. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030","issn":"00220","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Hoy, M., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2009, Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 369, no. 2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030"}],"volume":"369","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cffe4b0c8380cd700b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J.B.J.","contributorId":90116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J.B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoy, M.S.","contributorId":85780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033038,"text":"70033038 - 2009 - Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T13:19:02","indexId":"70033038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary","docAbstract":"Infection levels of eastern oysters by the unicellular pathogen Perkinsus marinus have been associated with anthropogenic influences in laboratory studies. However, these relationships have been difficult to investigate in the field because anthropogenic inputs are often associated with natural influences such as freshwater inflow, which can also affect infection levels. We addressed P. marinus-land use associations using field-collected data from Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA, a developed, coastal estuary with relatively minor freshwater inputs. Ten oysters from each of 30 reefs were sampled quarterly in each of 2 years. Distances to nearest urbanized land class and to nearest stormwater outfall were measured via both tidal creeks and an elaboration of Euclidean distance. As the forms of any associations between oyster infection and distance to urbanization were unknown a priori, we used data from the first and second years of the study as exploratory and confirmatory datasets, respectively. With one exception, quarterly land use associations identified using the exploratory dataset were not confirmed using the confirmatory dataset. The exception was an association between the prevalence of moderate to high infection levels in winter and decreasing distance to nearest urban land use. Given that the study design appeared adequate to detect effects inferred from the exploratory dataset, these results suggest that effects of land use gradients were largely insubstantial or were ephemeral with duration less than 3 months.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9","issn":"09639","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., Bushek, D., Drane, J.W., and Porter, D., 2009, Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary: Ecotoxicology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 259-269, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee94e4b0c8380cd49e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushek, David","contributorId":23766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushek","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drane, J. Wanzer","contributorId":90943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wanzer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, Dwayne","contributorId":7506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Dwayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032495,"text":"70032495 - 2009 - Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032495","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data","docAbstract":"Estimating reproductive success for birds with precocial young can be difficult because chicks leave nests soon after hatching and individuals or broods can be difficult to track. Researchers often turn to estimating survival during the prefledging period and, though effective, mark-recapture based approaches are not always feasible due to cost, time, and animal welfare concerns. Using a threatened population of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) that breeds along the Missouri River, we present an approach for estimating chick survival during the prefledging period using long-term (1993-2005), count-based, age-class data. We used a modified catch-curve analysis, and data collected during three 5-day sampling periods near the middle of the breeding season. The approach has several ecological and statistical assumptions and our analyses were designed to minimize the probability of violating those assumptions. For example, limiting the sampling periods to only 5 days gave reasonable assurance that population size was stable during the sampling period. Annual daily survival estimates ranged from 0.825 (SD = 0.03) to 0.931 (0.02) depending on year and sampling period, with these estimates assuming constant survival during the prefledging period and no change in the age structure of the population. The average probability of survival to fledging ranged from 0.126 to 0.188. Our results are similar to other published estimates for this species in similar habitats. This method of estimating chick survival may be useful for a variety of precocial bird species when mark-recapture methods are not feasible and only count-based age class data are available. ?? 2009 Association of Field Ornithologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x","issn":"02738","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Millspaugh, J., Ryan, M., Kruse, C., and Pavelka, G., 2009, Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 80, no. 1, p. 79-87, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x.","startPage":"79","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213943,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x"},{"id":241619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b4ee4b0c8380cd5267b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, C.P.","contributorId":19760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, M.R.","contributorId":92198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, C.D.","contributorId":68120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavelka, G.","contributorId":24579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelka","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033036,"text":"70033036 - 2009 - Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:17:19","indexId":"70033036","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water","docAbstract":"The bioavailability of total organic carbon (TOC) was examined in ground water from two hydrologically distinct aquifers using biochemical indicators widely employed in chemical oceanography. Concentrations of total hydrolyzable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and carbon‐normalized percentages of TOC present as THNS and THAA (referred to as “yields”) were assessed as indicators of bioavailability. A shallow coastal plain aquifer in Kings Bay, Georgia, was characterized by relatively high concentrations (425 to 1492 μM; 5.1 to 17.9 mg/L) of TOC but relatively low THNS and THAA yields (∼0.2%–1.0%). These low yields are consistent with the highly biodegraded nature of TOC mobilized from relatively ancient (Pleistocene) sediments overlying the aquifer. In contrast, a shallow fractured rock aquifer in West Trenton, New Jersey, exhibited lower TOC concentrations (47 to 325 μM; 0.6 to 3.9 mg/L) but higher THNS and THAA yields (∼1% to 4%). These higher yields were consistent with the younger, and thus more bioavailable, TOC being mobilized from modern soils overlying the aquifer. Consistent with these apparent differences in TOC bioavailability, no significant correlation between TOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), a product of organic carbon mineralization, was observed at Kings Bay, whereas a strong correlation was observed at West Trenton. In contrast to TOC, THNS and THAA concentrations were observed to correlate with DIC at the Kings Bay site. These observations suggest that biochemical indicators such as THNS and THAA may provide information concerning the bioavailability of organic carbon present in ground water that is not available from TOC measurements alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x","issn":"00174","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P., Goode, D., Tiedeman, C., Lacombe, P., Kaiser, K., and Benner, R., 2009, Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 1, p. 108-121, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f143e4b0c8380cd4ab2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goode, D.J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":95512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tiedeman, C.","contributorId":78160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lacombe, P.J.","contributorId":67915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaiser, K.","contributorId":33539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benner, R.","contributorId":34656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179618,"text":"70179618 - 2009 - Do fish benefit from stream restoration in the Catskill Mountains?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:53:59","indexId":"70179618","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5049,"text":"Clear Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do fish benefit from stream restoration in the Catskill Mountains?","docAbstract":"Many streams across North America have been modified or restored in order to stabilize channel banks and beds; however, the effects of stream restoration on fish assemblages and stream habitat are seldom monitored, evaluated, or published. Because the impacts on ecosystems are poorly understood, subsequent restoration projects cannot build upon known successes or failures.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., and Ernst, A.G., 2009, Do fish benefit from stream restoration in the Catskill Mountains?: Clear Waters, v. 39, no. Summer, p. 54-59.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","ipdsId":"IP-013606","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.4,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -74.4,\n 42.3167\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 42.3167\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -74.4,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"Summer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58772d9fe4b0315b4c11feef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ernst, Anne G.","contributorId":149841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ernst","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17837,"text":"USGS NY Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032808,"text":"70032808 - 2009 - Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Multispectral satellite data have become a common tool used in the mapping of wildland fire effects. Fire severity, defined as the degree to which a site has been altered, is often the variable mapped. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) used in an absolute difference change detection protocol (dNBR), has become the remote sensing method of choice for US Federal land management agencies to map fire severity due to wildland fire. However, absolute differenced vegetation indices are correlated to the pre-fire chlorophyll content of the vegetation occurring within the fire perimeter. Normalizing dNBR to produce a relativized dNBR (RdNBR) removes the biasing effect of the pre-fire condition. Employing RdNBR hypothetically allows creating categorical classifications using the same thresholds for fires occurring in similar vegetation types without acquiring additional calibration field data on each fire. In this paper we tested this hypothesis by developing thresholds on random training datasets, and then comparing accuracies for (1) fires that occurred within the same geographic region as the training dataset and in similar vegetation, and (2) fires from a different geographic region that is climatically and floristically similar to the training dataset region but supports more complex vegetation structure. We additionally compared map accuracies for three measures of fire severity: the composite burn index (CBI), percent change in tree canopy cover, and percent change in tree basal area. User's and producer's accuracies were highest for the most severe categories, ranging from 70.7% to 89.1%. Accuracies of the moderate fire severity category for measures describing effects only to trees (percent change in canopy cover and basal area) indicated that the classifications were generally not much better than random. Accuracies of the moderate category for the CBI classifications were somewhat better, averaging in the 50%-60% range. These results underscore the difficulty in isolating fire effects to individual vegetation strata when fire effects are mixed. We conclude that the models presented here and in Miller and Thode ([Miller, J.D. & Thode, A.E., (2007). Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Remote Sensing of Environment, 109, 66-80.]) can produce fire severity classifications (using either CBI, or percent change in canopy cover or basal area) that are of similar accuracy in fires not used in the original calibration process, at least in conifer dominated vegetation types in Mediterranean-climate California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Knapp, E.E., Key, C., Skinner, C., Isbell, C., Creasy, R., and Sherlock, J., 2009, Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 3, p. 645-656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009.","startPage":"645","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009"},{"id":241669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30fe4b0c8380cd4b59e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, E. E.","contributorId":54938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, C.N.","contributorId":19909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isbell, C.J.","contributorId":19381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isbell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creasy, R.M.","contributorId":33543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasy","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherlock, J.W.","contributorId":87766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherlock","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032717,"text":"70032717 - 2009 - Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032717","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States","docAbstract":"Measurements of post-fire sediment erosion, transport, and deposition collected within 2 years of a wildfire were compiled from the published literature (19272007) for sites across the western United States. Annual post-fire sediment yields were computed and grouped into four measurement methods (hillslope point and plot measurements, channel measurements of suspended-sediment and sediment erosion or deposition volumes). Post-fire sediment yields for each method were then grouped into eight different rainfall regimes. Mean sediment yield from channels (240 t ha-1) was significantly greater than from hillslopes (82 t ha-1). This indicated that on the time scale of wildfire (10100 years) channels were the primary sources of available sediment. A lack of correlation of sediment yield with topographic slope and soil erodibility further suggested that sediment availability may be more important than slope or soil erodibility in predicting post-fire sediment yields. The maximum post-fire sediment yields were comparable to long-term sediment yields from major rivers of the world. Based on 80 years of data from the literature, wildfires have been an important geomorphic agent of landscape change when linked with sufficient rainfall. These effects are limited in spatial scale to the immediate burned area and to downstream channel corridors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF07162","issn":"10498","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D., 2009, Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 18, no. 1, p. 96-115, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07162.","startPage":"96","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476350,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.557.549","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF07162"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba359e4b08c986b31fc85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, D.A.","contributorId":61548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033129,"text":"70033129 - 2009 - A shift in the dominant toxin-producing algal species in central California alters phycotoxins in food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033129","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A shift in the dominant toxin-producing algal species in central California alters phycotoxins in food webs","docAbstract":"In California, the toxic algal species of primary concern are the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella and members of the pennate diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, both producers of potent neurotoxins that are capable of sickening and killing marine life and humans. During the summer of 2004 in Monterey Bay, we observed a change in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community-the typically diatom-dominated community shifted to a red tide, dinoflagellate-dominated community. Here we use a 6-year time series (2000-2006) to show how the abundance of the dominant harmful algal bloom (HAB) species in the Bay up to that point, Pseudo-nitzschia, significantly declined during the dinoflagellate-dominated interval, while two genera of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium and Dinophysis, became the predominant toxin producers. This change represents a shift from a genus of toxin producers that typically dominates the community during a toxic bloom, to HAB taxa that are generally only minor components of the community in a toxic event. This change in the local HAB species was also reflected in the toxins present in higher trophic levels. Despite the small contribution of A. catenella to the overall phytoplankton community, the increase in the presence of this species in Monterey Bay was associated with an increase in the presence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in sentinel shellfish and clupeoid fish. This report provides the first evidence that PSP toxins are present in California's pelagic food web, as PSP toxins were detected in both northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax). Another interesting observation from our data is the co-occurrence of DA and PSP toxins in both planktivorous fish and sentinel shellfish. We also provide evidence, based on the statewide biotoxin monitoring program, that this increase in the frequency and abundance of PSP events related to A. catenella occurred not just in Monterey Bay, but also in other coastal regions of California. Our results demonstrate that changes in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community influences the nature of the algal toxins that move through local food webs and also emphasizes the importance of monitoring for the full suite of toxic algae, rather than just one genus or species. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Harmful Algae","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.001","issn":"15689","usgsCitation":"Jester, R., Lefebvre, K., Langlois, G., Vigilant, V., Baugh, K., and Silver, M., 2009, A shift in the dominant toxin-producing algal species in central California alters phycotoxins in food webs: Harmful Algae, v. 8, no. 2, p. 291-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.001.","startPage":"291","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213278,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.001"},{"id":240888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e587e4b0c8380cd46dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jester, R.","contributorId":89726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jester","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lefebvre, K.","contributorId":43176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langlois, G.","contributorId":44356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langlois","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vigilant, V.","contributorId":64036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vigilant","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baugh, K.","contributorId":27269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baugh","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silver, M.W.","contributorId":106321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033202,"text":"70033202 - 2009 - Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033202","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the Western United States","docAbstract":"Persistent changes in tree mortality rates can alter forest structure, composition, and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. Our analyses of longitudinal data from unmanaged old forests in the western United States showed that background (noncatastrophic) mortality rates have increased rapidly in recent decades, with doubling periods ranging from 17 to 29 years among regions. Increases were also pervasive across elevations, tree sizes, dominant genera, and past fire histories. Forest density and basal area declined slightly, which suggests that increasing mortality was not caused by endogenous increases in competition. Because mortality increased in small trees, the overall increase in mortality rates cannot be attributed solely to aging of large trees. Regional warming and consequent increases in water deficits are likely contributors to the increases in tree mortality rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1165000","issn":"00368","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N., Byrne, J., Daniels, L., Franklin, J., Fule, P., Harmon, M.E., Larson, A., Smith, J.M., Taylor, A., and Veblen, T., 2009, Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the Western United States: Science, v. 323, no. 5913, p. 521-524, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1165000.","startPage":"521","endPage":"524","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1165000"},{"id":240988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"323","issue":"5913","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0b3e4b08c986b32efe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, P. J.","contributorId":73527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, J.C.","contributorId":54411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, L.D.","contributorId":76143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franklin, J.F.","contributorId":56583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fule, P.Z.","contributorId":51990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fule","given":"P.Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harmon, M. E.","contributorId":80452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Larson, A.J.","contributorId":97710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Joseph M.","contributorId":106712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17855,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Taylor, A.H.","contributorId":16229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Veblen, T.T.","contributorId":27387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70032841,"text":"70032841 - 2009 - Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:50:29","indexId":"70032841","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","docAbstract":"1. We investigated diurnal nitrate (NO3−) concentration variability in the San Joaquin River using an in situ optical NO3− sensor and discrete sampling during a 5‐day summer period characterized by high algal productivity. Dual NO3− isotopes (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) and dissolved oxygen isotopes (δ18ODO) were measured over 2 days to assess NO3− sources and biogeochemical controls over diurnal time‐scales.
2. Concerted temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and δ18ODOwere consistent with photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric O2 exchange, providing evidence of diurnal biological processes independent of river discharge.
3. Surface water NO3− concentrations varied by up to 22% over a single diurnal cycle and up to 31% over the 5‐day study, but did not reveal concerted diurnal patterns at a frequency comparable to DO concentrations. The decoupling of δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3isotopes suggests that algal assimilation and denitrification are not major processes controlling diurnal NO3− variability in the San Joaquin River during the study. The lack of a clear explanation for NO3− variability likely reflects a combination of riverine biological processes and time‐varying physical transport of NO3− from upstream agricultural drains to the mainstem San Joaquin River.
4. The application of an in situ optical NO3− sensor along with discrete samples provides a view into the fine temporal structure of hydrochemical data and may allow for greater accuracy in pollution assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x","issn":"00465","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B.A., Downing, B.D., Kendall, C., Dahlgren, R., Kraus, T.E., Saraceno, J., Spencer, R., and Bergamaschi, B., 2009, Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 376-387, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf0e4b0c8380cd49b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":1452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032558,"text":"70032558 - 2009 - Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:23:14","indexId":"70032558","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone","docAbstract":"Uranium contaminated sediments from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site have been investigated using electron microscopy. Six classes of solid hosts for uranium were identified. Preliminary sediment characterization was carried out using optical petrography, and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) was used to locate materials that host uranium. All of the hosts are fine-grained and intergrown with other materials at spatial scales smaller than the analytical volume of the electron microprobe. A focused ion beam (FIB) was used to prepare electron-transparent specimens of each host for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hosts were identified as: (1) metatorbernite [Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O]; (2) coatings on sediment clasts comprised mainly of phyllosilicates; (3) an amorphous zirconium (oxyhydr)oxide found in clast coatings; (4) amorphous and poorly crystalline materials that line voids within basalt lithic fragments; (5) amorphous palagonite surrounding fragments of basaltic glass; and (6) Fe- and Mn-oxides. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining EMPA, FIB, and TEM to identify solid-phase contaminant hosts. Furthermore, they highlight the complexity of U geochemistry in the Hanford vadose zone, and illustrate the importance of microscopic transport in controlling the fate of contaminant metals in the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Stubbs, J., Veblen, L., Elbert, D., Zachara, J., Davis, J., and Veblen, D., 2009, Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 6, p. 1563-1576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1563","endPage":"1576","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004"}],"volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a662ce4b0c8380cd72d43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubbs, J.E.","contributorId":99384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbs","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veblen, L.A.","contributorId":37967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elbert, D.C.","contributorId":104293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elbert","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zachara, J.M.","contributorId":96896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veblen, D.R.","contributorId":25300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193194,"text":"70193194 - 2009 - NASA 2008 HyspIRI whitepaper and workshop report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T11:26:16","indexId":"70193194","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"NASA 2008 HyspIRI whitepaper and workshop report","docAbstract":"From October 21-23, 2008, NASA held a three-day workshop to consider the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission recommended for implementation by the 2007 report from the U.S. National Research Council Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond, also known as the Earth Science Decadal Survey. The open workshop provided a forum to present the initial observational requirements for the mission and assess its anticipated impact on scientific and operational applications as well as obtain feedback from the broader scientific community on the mission concept.
The workshop participants concluded the HyspIRI mission would provide a significant new capability to study ecosystems and natural hazards at spatial scales relevant to human resource use. In addition, participants confirmed that the proposed instrument designs could meet the measurement requirements and be implemented through the use of current technology.
The workshop participants, like the Decadal Survey itself, strongly endorsed the need for the HyspIRI mission and felt the mission, as defined, would accomplish the intended science.
","language":"English","publisher":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","usgsCitation":"HyspIRI Group, and Mars, J.C., 2009, NASA 2008 HyspIRI whitepaper and workshop report, 79 p.","productDescription":"79 p.","ipdsId":"IP-026918","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hyspiri.jpl.nasa.gov/downloads/2008_Workshop/2008%20HyspIRI%20Whitepaper%20and%20Science%20Workshop%20Report-r2.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefaa4e4b0da30c1bfca46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"HyspIRI Group","contributorId":202485,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"HyspIRI Group","id":728551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mars, John C. 0000-0002-0421-1388 jmars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-1388","contributorId":178265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"John","email":"jmars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156434,"text":"70156434 - 2009 - Indicators and standards of quality for trail and campsite conditions at Isle au Haut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T16:34:59.847809","indexId":"70156434","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Indicators and standards of quality for trail and campsite conditions at Isle au Haut","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Parks and people: Managing outdoor recreation at Acadia National Park","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press of New England","publisherLocation":"Lebanon, New Hampshire","isbn":"9781584658818 1584658819","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., 2009, Indicators and standards of quality for trail and campsite conditions at Isle au Haut, chap. 4 of Parks and people: Managing outdoor recreation at Acadia National Park, p. 41-52.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012511","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Knox","otherGeospatial":"Acadia National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.69682312011719,\n 44.001211757693305\n ],\n [\n -68.69682312011719,\n 44.093996303179026\n ],\n [\n -68.55674743652342,\n 44.093996303179026\n ],\n [\n -68.55674743652342,\n 44.001211757693305\n ],\n [\n -68.69682312011719,\n 44.001211757693305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb7e4b0518e3546f013","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Manning, Robert E.","contributorId":37463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569160,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034124,"text":"70034124 - 2009 - Petrogenesis of basaltic volcanic rocks from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, by melting of metasomatically enriched depleted lithosphere, crystallization differentiation, and magma mixing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034124","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of basaltic volcanic rocks from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, by melting of metasomatically enriched depleted lithosphere, crystallization differentiation, and magma mixing","docAbstract":"The Pribilof Islands, Alaska, are located in the Bering Sea in a continental intraplate setting. In this study we examine the petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks from St. Paul (0??54-0??003 Ma) and St. George (2??8-1??4 Ma) Islands, the two largest Pribilof Islands. Rocks from St. George can be divided into three groups: group 1 is a high-MgO, low-SiO. 2 suite composed primarily of basanites; group 2 is a high-MgO, high-SiO 2 suite consisting predominantly of alkali basalts; group 3 is an intermediate- to low-MgO suite that includes plagioclase-phyric subalkali basalts and hawaiites. Major and trace element geochemistry suggests that groups 1 and 2 formed by small-degree partial melting of amphibole-bearing to amphibole-free garnet peridotite. Group 1 rocks were the earliest melts produced from the most hydrous parts of the mantle, as they show the strongest geochemical signature of amphibole in their source. The suite of rocks from St. Paul ranges from 14??4 to 4??2 wt % MgO at relatively constant SiO 2 contents (43??1-47??3 wt %). The most primitive St. Paul rocks are modeled as mixtures between magmas with compositions similar to groups 1 and 2 from St. George Island, which subsequently fractionated olivine, clinopyroxene, and spinel to form more evolved rocks. Plagioclase-phyric group 3 rocks from St. George are modeled as mixtures between an evolved melt similar to the evolved magmas on St. Paul and a fractionated group 2 end-member from St. George. Mantle potential temperatures estimated for primitive basanites and alkali basalts are ???1400??C and are similar to those of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Similarly, 87Sr/. 86Sr and 143Nd/. 144Nd values for all rocks are MORB-like, in the range of 0??702704-0??703035 and 0??513026-0??513109, respectively. 208Pb/. 204Pb vs 206Pb/. 204Pb values lie near the MORB end-member but show a linear trend towards HIMU (high time-integrated 238U/. 204Pb). Despite isotopic similarities to MORB, many of the major and trace element characteristics are similar to those of ocean island basalts (OIB), including enrichment in alkalis and incompatible trace elements. These characteristics are interpreted to indicate that their mantle source experienced an ancient melt-removal event that is reflected in depleted radiogenic isotopic compositions and was then re-enriched by metasomatism that elevated incompatible trace element contents, but was too young to produce a time-integrated change in radiogenic isotopic ratios. Evidence suggests that the Pribilof Island basalts did not form in either a plume or a back-arc basin tectonic setting. Rather, they were produced by melting of metasomatically hydrated upper mantle peridotite at relatively low temperatures and were able to erupt at the surface through extensional or transtensional faults that served as conduits for the magmas. ?? The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egp075","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Chang, J., Feeley, T., and Deraps, M., 2009, Petrogenesis of basaltic volcanic rocks from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, by melting of metasomatically enriched depleted lithosphere, crystallization differentiation, and magma mixing: Journal of Petrology, v. 50, no. 12, p. 2249-2286, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egp075.","startPage":"2249","endPage":"2286","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476207,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egp075","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216782,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egp075"}],"volume":"50","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a777fe4b0c8380cd784eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, J.M.","contributorId":98143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feeley, T.C.","contributorId":17793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deraps, M.R.","contributorId":72619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deraps","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034424,"text":"70034424 - 2009 - Arctic lake physical processes and regimes with implications for winter water availability and management in the national petroleum reserve alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T20:06:11","indexId":"70034424","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic lake physical processes and regimes with implications for winter water availability and management in the national petroleum reserve alaska","docAbstract":"Lakes are dominant landforms in the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA) as well as important social and ecological resources. Of recent importance is the management of these freshwater ecosystems because lakes deeper than maximum ice thickness provide an important and often sole source of liquid water for aquatic biota, villages, and industry during winter. To better understand seasonal and annual hydrodynamics in the context of lake morphometry, we analyzed lakes in two adjacent areas where winter water use is expected to increase in the near future because of industrial expansion. Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery acquired between 1985 and 2007 were analyzed and compared with climate data to understand interannual variability. Measured changes in lake area extent varied by 0.6% and were significantly correlated to total precipitation in the preceding 12 months (p < 0.05). Using this relation, the modeled lake area extent from 1985 to 2007 showed no long-term trends. In addition, high-resolution aerial photography, bathymetric surveys, water-level monitoring, and lake-ice thickness measurements and growth models were used to better understand seasonal hydrodynamics, surface area-to-volume relations, winter water availability, and more permanent changes related to geomorphic change. Together, these results describe how lakes vary seasonally and annually in two critical areas of the NPRA and provide simple models to help better predict variation in lake-water supply. Our findings suggest that both overestimation and underestimation of actual available winter water volume may occur regularly, and this understanding may help better inform management strategies as future resource use expands in the NPRA. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9241-0","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Arp, C., Hinkel, K.M., Beck, R., Schmutz, J.A., and Winston, B., 2009, Arctic lake physical processes and regimes with implications for winter water availability and management in the national petroleum reserve alaska: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1071-1084, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9241-0.","startPage":"1071","endPage":"1084","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216921,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9241-0"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed55e4b0c8380cd4973f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winston, B.","contributorId":89379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036857,"text":"70036857 - 2009 - Characterization of flux-grown Trace-element-doped titanite using the high-mass-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036857","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of flux-grown Trace-element-doped titanite using the high-mass-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG)","docAbstract":"Crystals of titanite can be readily grown under ambient pressure from a mixture of CaO, TiO2 and SiO2 in the presence of molten sodium tetraborate. The crystals produced are euhedral and prismatic, lustrous and transparent, and up to 5 mm in length. Titanite obtained by this method contains approximately 4300 ppm Na and 220 ppm B contributed from the flux. In addition to dopant-free material, titanite containing trace alkali and alkaline earth metals (K, Sr, Ba), transition metals (Sc, Cr, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta), rare-earth elements (REE), actinides (Th, U) and p-block elements (F, S, Cl, Ge, Sn and Pb) have been prepared using the same procedure. Back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging accompanied by ion-microprobe (SHRIMP-RG) analysis confirms significant incorporation of selected trace-elements at structural sites. Regardless of some zonation, the large size of the crystals and broad regions of chemical homogeneity make these crystals useful as experimental starting material, and as matrix-matched trace-element standards for a variety of microbeam analytical techniques where amorphous titanite glass, heterogeneous natural titanite or a non-titanite standard may be less than satisfactory. Trace-element-doped synthetic crystals can also provide a convenient proxy for a better understanding of trace-element incorporation in natural titanite. Comparisons with igneous, authigenic and high-temperature metasomatic titanite are examined. The use of high-mass-resolution SIMS also demonstrates the analytical challenges inherent to any in situ mass-spectrometry-based analysis of titanite, owing to the production of difficult-to-resolve molecular interferences. These interferences are dominated by Ca-Ca, Ca-Ti and Ti-Ti dimers that are significant in the mass range of 80-100, affecting all isotopes of Sr and Zr, as well as 89Y and 93Nb. Methods do exist for the evaluation of interferences by these dimers and of polyatomic interferences on the LREE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3749/canmin.47.4.813","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Mazdab, F., 2009, Characterization of flux-grown Trace-element-doped titanite using the high-mass-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG): Canadian Mineralogist, v. 47, no. 4, p. 813-831, https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.47.4.813.","startPage":"813","endPage":"831","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.47.4.813"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c8e4b0c8380cd4bef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazdab, F.K.","contributorId":11650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034004,"text":"70034004 - 2009 - Environmental and biomedical applications of natural metal stable isotope variations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and biomedical applications of natural metal stable isotope variations","docAbstract":"etal stable isotopes are now being used to trace metal contaminants in the environment and as indicators of human systemic function where metals play a role. Stable isotope abundance variations provide information about metal sources and the processes affecting metals in complex natural systems, complementing information gained from surrogate tracers, such as metal abundance ratios or biochemical markers of metal metabolism. The science is still in its infancy, but the results of initial studies confirm that metal stable isotopes can provide a powerful tool for forensic and biomedical investigations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Elements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gselements.5.6.381","issn":"18115209","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T., and Walczyk, T., 2009, Environmental and biomedical applications of natural metal stable isotope variations: Elements, v. 5, no. 6, p. 381-385, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.381.","startPage":"381","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495016,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/76127","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216898,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.381"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a099be4b0c8380cd51fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walczyk, T.","contributorId":80117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walczyk","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}