{"pageNumber":"2052","pageRowStart":"51275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70033012,"text":"70033012 - 2009 - Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T14:01:33.4512","indexId":"70033012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt, endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into these facilities has required curtailment of pumping, reducing the reliability of water deliveries. We reviewed the first 5&nbsp;years (2001–2005) of the Environmental Water Account (EWA), a program instituted to resolve conflicts between protecting listed fishes and providing a reliable water supply. The EWA provided fishery agencies with control over 0.2–0.4&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of water to be used for fish protection at no cost to users of exported water, and fish agencies guaranteed no disruption of water supply for fish protection. The EWA was successful in reducing uncertainty in water supply; however, its contribution to the recovery of listed fishes was unclear. We estimated the effectiveness of the EWA to be modest, increasing the survival of winter-run Chinook salmon by 0–6% (dependent on prescreen mortality), adult delta smelt by 0–1%, and juvenile delta smelt by 2–4%. Allocating EWA water for a single life stage of one species could provide larger gains in survival. An optimally allocated EWA of equal size to the median of the first 5&nbsp;years could increase abundance of juvenile delta smelt up to 7% in the springs of dry years. If the EWA is to become a long-term program, estimates of efficacy should be refined. If the program is to be held accountable for quantitative increases in fish populations, it will be necessary to integrate scientific, possibly experimental, approaches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4","usgsCitation":"Brown, L., Kimmerer, W., and Brown, R., 2009, Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 2, p. 357-368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.90728759765625,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.90728759765625,\n              38.66835610151506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              38.66835610151506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c9ce4b0c8380cd69d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimmerer, W.","contributorId":38325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035265,"text":"70035265 - 2009 - Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035265","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?","docAbstract":"We combined microbial paleontology and molecular biology methods to study the Eyreville B drill core from the 35.3-Ma-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA. The investigated sample is a pyrite vein collected from the 1353.81- 1353.89 m depth interval, located within a section of biotite granite. The granite is a pre-impact rock that was disrupted by the impact event. A search for inorganic (mineral) biosignatures revealed the presence of micron-size rod morphologies of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) embedded in chlorite coatings on pyrite grains. Neither the Acridine Orange microbial probe nor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifi cation showed the presence of DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA) at the location of anatase rods, implying the absence of viable cells in the investigated area. A Nile Red microbial probe revealed the presence of lipids in the rods. Because most of the lipids are resistant over geologic time spans, they are good biomarkers, and they are an indicator of biogenicity for these possibly 35-Ma-old microbial fossils. The mineral assemblage suggests that rod morphologies are associated with low-temperature (&lt;100 ??C) hydrothermal alteration that involved aqueous fluids. The temporal constraints on the anatase fossils are still uncertain because pre-impact alteration of the granite and postimpact heating may have provided identical conditions for anatase precipitation and microbial preservation. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(42)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Glamoclija, M., Steele, A., Fries, M., Schieber, J., Voytek, M., and Cockell, C., 2009, Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 965-975, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(42).","startPage":"965","endPage":"975","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(42)"},{"id":242972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee90e4b0c8380cd49e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glamoclija, M.","contributorId":11434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glamoclija","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, A.","contributorId":76115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fries, M.","contributorId":40788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schieber, J.","contributorId":98134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schieber","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cockell, C.S.","contributorId":66830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockell","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032971,"text":"70032971 - 2009 - Effect of removal of hesperis matronalis (Dame's rocket) on species cover of forest understory vegetation in NW indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70032971","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of removal of hesperis matronalis (Dame's rocket) on species cover of forest understory vegetation in NW indiana","docAbstract":"Exotic invasive plant species differ in their effects on indigenous vegetation as evidenced by research evaluating community response to their removal. We used a removal approach to quantify the response of a mesic woodland to the removal versus retention of an invasive plant, Hesperis matronalis (dame's rocket) from paired treatment plots over 3 y. Cover of H. matronalis did not differ between control and treatment plots prior to removal, declined in the removal plots and remained significantly lower in cover compared to the control plots. Removal did not significantly affect species richness and species diversity (evenness, Shannon and Simpson) at the plot scale, but did result in increased species richness overall in the removal plots in the last sampling year when compared to control plots. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination analysis indicated a significant compositional change in the spring plant composition of plots over the 3 y, reflecting an increase in exotic woody species. Exotic woody plants, especially Rosa multiflora and Euonymus alatus, increased in cover in response to H. matronalis removal. In the 3 y, neither native nor exotic forbs, nor native woody plants responded to the removal of H. matronalis in a statistically significant manner. The increasing cover of woody invasive plants in response to the removal of H. matronalis has important management implications for restoration of degraded communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-161.1.165","issn":"00030","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N., Leicht-Young, S.A., Frohnapple, K., and Grundel, R., 2009, Effect of removal of hesperis matronalis (Dame's rocket) on species cover of forest understory vegetation in NW indiana: American Midland Naturalist, v. 161, no. 1, p. 165-176, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-161.1.165.","startPage":"165","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213452,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-161.1.165"}],"volume":"161","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05ffe4b0c8380cd51083","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leicht-Young, S. A.","contributorId":41648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frohnapple, K.J.","contributorId":13442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohnapple","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032908,"text":"70032908 - 2009 - An empirical method for estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:44:43","indexId":"70032908","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical method for estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete","docAbstract":"Methods for assessing natural background water quality of streams affected by historical mining are vigorously debated. An empirical method is proposed in which stream-specific estimation equations are generated from relationships between either pH or dissolved Cu concentration in stream water and the Fe/Cu concentration ratio in Fe-precipitates presently forming in the stream. The equations and Fe/Cu ratios for pre-mining deposits of alluvial ferricrete then were used to reconstruct estimated pre-mining longitudinal profiles for pH and dissolved Cu in three acidic streams in Montana, USA. Primary assumptions underlying the proposed method are that alluvial ferricretes and modern Fe-precipitates share a common origin, that the Cu content of Fe-precipitates remains constant during and after conversion to ferricrete, and that geochemical factors other than pH and dissolved Cu concentration play a lesser role in determining Fe/Cu ratios in Fe-precipitates. The method was evaluated by applying it in a fourth, naturally acidic stream unaffected by mining, where estimated pre-mining pH and Cu concentrations were similar to present-day values, and by demonstrating that inflows, particularly from unmined areas, had consistent effects on both the pre-mining and measured profiles of pH and Cu concentration. Using this method, it was estimated that mining has affected about 480 m of Daisy Creek, 1.8 km of Fisher Creek, and at least 1 km of Swift Gulch. Mean values of pH decreased by about 0.6 pH units to about 3.2 in Daisy Creek and by 1-1.5 pH units to about 3.5 in Fisher Creek. In Swift Gulch, mining appears to have decreased pH from about 5.5 to as low as 3.6. Dissolved Cu concentrations increased due to mining almost 40% in Daisy Creek to a mean of 11.7 mg/L and as much as 230% in Fisher Creek to 0.690 mg/L. Uncertainty in the fate of Cu during the conversion of Fe-precipitates to ferricrete translates to potential errors in pre-mining estimates of as much as 0.25 units for pH and 22% for dissolved Cu concentration. The method warrants further testing in other mined and unmined watersheds. Comparison of pre-mining water-quality estimates derived from the ferricrete and other methods in single watersheds would be particularly valuable. The method has potential for use in monitoring remedial efforts at mine sites with ferricrete deposits. A reasonable remediation objective might be realized when the downstream pattern of Fe/Cu ratios in modern streambed Fe-precipitates corresponds to the pattern in pre-mining alluvial ferricrete deposits along a stream valley.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.007","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D., Gurrieri, J., and Furniss, G., 2009, An empirical method for estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 1, p. 106-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.007"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea36e4b0c8380cd486e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurrieri, J.T.","contributorId":21356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurrieri","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furniss, G.","contributorId":88567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furniss","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032809,"text":"70032809 - 2009 - Spatial-temporal patterns in Mediterranean carnivore road casualties: Consequences for mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032809","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial-temporal patterns in Mediterranean carnivore road casualties: Consequences for mitigation","docAbstract":"Many carnivores have been seriously impacted by the expansion of transportation systems and networks; however we know little about carnivore response to the extent and magnitude of road mortality, or which age classes may be disproportionately impacted. Recent research has demonstrated that wildlife-vehicle-collisions (WVC) involving carnivores are modulated by temporal and spatial factors. Thus, we investigated road mortality on a guild of small and medium-sized carnivores in southern Portugal using road-kill data obtained from a systematic 36 months monitoring period along highways (260 km) and national roads (314 km) by addressing the following questions: (a) which species and age class are most vulnerable to WVC? (b) are there temporal and/or spatial patterns in road-kill? and (c) which life-history and/or spatial factors influence the likelihood of collisions? We recorded a total of 806 carnivore casualties, which represented an average of 47 ind./100 km/year. Red fox and stone marten had the highest mortality rates. Our findings highlight three key messages: (1) the majority of road-killed individuals were adults of common species; (2) all carnivores, except genets, were more vulnerable during specific life-history phenological periods: higher casualties were observed when red fox and stone marten were provisioning young, Eurasian badger casualties occurred more frequently during dispersal, and higher Egyptian mongoose mortality occurred during the breeding period; and (3) modeling demonstrated that favorable habitat, curves in the road, and low human disturbance were major contributors to the deadliest road segments. Red fox carcasses were more likely to be found on road sections with passages distant from urban areas. Conversely, stone marten mortalities were found more often on national roads with high of cork oak woodland cover; Egyptian mongoose and genet road-kills were found more often on road segments close to curves. Based on our results, two key mitigation measures should help to reduce WVC in Portugal. The first involves the improvement of existing crossings with buried and small mesh size fence to guide the individuals towards to the passages, in road segments with high traffic volume (>1200 vehicles/night) and located in preferred carnivore habitats. The second mitigation involves cutting or removal of dense vegetation in verges of road segments with curves to aid motorists in seeing animals about to cross. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.026","issn":"00063","usgsCitation":"Grilo, C., Bissonette, J., and Santos-Reis, M., 2009, Spatial-temporal patterns in Mediterranean carnivore road casualties: Consequences for mitigation: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 2, p. 301-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.026.","startPage":"301","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.026"},{"id":241670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c0e4b08c986b31ac2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grilo, C.","contributorId":89362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grilo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, J.A.","contributorId":21498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santos-Reis, M.","contributorId":58108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos-Reis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035258,"text":"70035258 - 2009 - Ultraviolet-ozone treatment reduces levels of disease-associated prion protein and prion infectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035258","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":958,"text":"BMC Research Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet-ozone treatment reduces levels of disease-associated prion protein and prion infectivity","docAbstract":"Background. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by novel infectious agents referred to as prions. Prions appear to be composed primarily, if not exclusively, of a misfolded isoform of the cellular prion protein. TSE infectivity is remarkably stable and can resist many aggressive decontamination procedures, increasing human, livestock and wildlife exposure to TSEs. Findings. We tested the hypothesis that UV-ozone treatment reduces levels of the pathogenic prion protein and inactivates the infectious agent. We found that UV-ozone treatment decreased the carbon and prion protein content in infected brain homogenate to levels undetectable by dry-ashing carbon analysis or immunoblotting, respectively. After 8 weeks of ashing, UV-ozone treatment reduced the infectious titer of treated material by a factor of at least 10<sup>5</sup>. A small amount of infectivity, however, persisted despite UV-ozone treatment. When bound to either montmorillonite clay or quartz surfaces, PrP<sup>TSE</sup> was still susceptible to degradation by UV-ozone. Conclusion. Our findings strongly suggest that UV-ozone treatment can degrade pathogenic prion protein and inactivate prions, even when the agent is associated with surfaces. Using larger UV-ozone doses or combining UV-ozone treatment with other decontaminant methods may allow the sterilization of TSE-contaminated materials. ?? 2009 Aiken et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BMC Research Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1186/1756-0500-2-121","issn":"17560500","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Gilbert, P., McKenzie, D., Pedersen, J., and Aiken, J.M., 2009, Ultraviolet-ozone treatment reduces levels of disease-associated prion protein and prion infectivity: BMC Research Notes, v. 2, https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-2-121.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476148,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-2-121","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-2-121"},{"id":242869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0fe4b08c986b3289e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.J.","contributorId":55378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, P.","contributorId":66082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pedersen, J.A.","contributorId":101787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, Judd M.","contributorId":64780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Judd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035199,"text":"70035199 - 2009 - Sedimentary constraints on late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary constraints on late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"A variety of sedimentological evidence was used to construct the lake-level history for Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, for the past ???25,000 years. Shorelines provide evidence of precise lake levels, but they are infrequently preserved and are poorly dated. For cored sediment similar to that in the modern lake, grain-size distributions provide estimates of past lake depths. Sedimentary textures provide a highly sensitive, continuous record of lake-level changes, but the modern distribution of fabrics is poorly constrained, and many ancient features have no modern analog. Combining the three types of data yields a more robust lake-level history than can be obtained from any one type alone. When smooth age-depth models are used, lake-level curves from multiple cores contain inconsistent intervals (i.e., one record indicates a rising lake level while another record indicates a falling lake level). These discrepancies were removed and the multiple records were combined into a single lake-level curve by developing age-depth relations that contain changes in deposition rate (i.e., gaps) where indicated by sedimentological evidence. The resultant curve shows that, prior to 18 ka, lake level was stable near the modern level, probably because the lake was overflowing. Between ca. 17.5 and 15.5 ka, lake level was ???40 m below the modern level, then fluctuated rapidly throughout the post-glacial interval. Following a brief rise centered ca. 15 ka ( = Raspberry Square phase), lake level lowered again to 15-20 m below modern from ca. 14.8-11.8 ka. This regression culminated in a lowstand to 40 m below modern ca. 12.5 ka, before a rapid rise to levels above modern ca. 11.5 ka. Lake level was typically lower than present throughout the Holocene, with pronounced lowstands 15-20 m below the modern level ca. 10-9, 7.0, 6.5-4.5, 3.5, 3.0-2.5, 2.0, and 1.5 ka. High lake levels near or above the modern lake occurred ca. 8.5-8.0, 7.0-6.5, 4.5-3.5, 2.5, and 0.7 ka. This lake-level history is more similar to records from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Owens Lake, California, than to those from Lake Bonneville, Utah. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(12)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Smoot, J.P., and Rosenbaum, J.G., 2009, Sedimentary constraints on late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 263-290, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(12).","startPage":"263","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(12)"},{"id":242966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a18e4b08c986b317021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, J. P.","contributorId":65878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036344,"text":"70036344 - 2009 - Determination of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in fused silica between 296 and 523 K by Raman spectroscopy and application of fused silica capillaries in studying redox reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T12:51:15","indexId":"70036344","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in fused silica between 296 and 523 K by Raman spectroscopy and application of fused silica capillaries in studying redox reactions","docAbstract":"<p>Diffusion coefficients (<i>D</i>) of hydrogen in fused silica capillaries (FSC) were determined between 296 and 523&nbsp;K by Raman spectroscopy using CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>as an internal standard. FSC capsules (3.25&nbsp;×&nbsp;10<sup>−4</sup>&nbsp;m OD, 9.9&nbsp;×&nbsp;10<sup>−5</sup>&nbsp;m ID, and ∼0.01&nbsp;m long) containing CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>were prepared and the initial relative concentrations of hydrogen in these capsules were derived from the Raman peak-height ratios between H<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(near 587&nbsp;cm<sup>−1</sup>) and CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(near 1387&nbsp;cm<sup>−1</sup>). The sample capsules were then heated at a fixed temperature (<i>T</i>) at one atmosphere to let H<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>diffuse out of the capsule, and the changes of hydrogen concentration were monitored by Raman spectroscopy after quench. This process was repeated using different heating durations at 296 (room<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>), 323, 375, 430, 473, and 523&nbsp;K; the same sample capsule was used repeatedly at each temperature. The values of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(in m<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>) in FSC were obtained by fitting the observed changes of hydrogen concentration in the FSC capsule to an equation based on Fick’s law. Our<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values are in good agreement with the more recent of the two previously reported experimental data sets, and both can be represented by:<span class=\"display\"></span></p><div class=\"formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>ln</mi><mi is=&quot;true&quot;>D</mi><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>=</mo><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>(</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>16.471</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#xB1;</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>0.035</mn><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>)</mo><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><mfrac is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>44589</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#xB1;</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>139</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;italic&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>RT</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace width=&quot;2em&quot; is=&quot;true&quot; /><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>(</mo><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi is=&quot;true&quot;>R</mi></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>=</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>0.99991</mn><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>)</mo></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">lnD=-(16.471±0.035)-44589±139RT(R2=0.99991)</span></span></div><p><span class=\"display\"></span>where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is the gas constant (8.3145&nbsp;J/mol&nbsp;K),<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in Kelvin, and errors at 1<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>level. The slope corresponds to an activation energy of 44.59&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.14&nbsp;kJ/mol.</p><p>The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in FSC determined at 296&nbsp;K is about an order of magnitude higher than that in platinum at 723&nbsp;K, indicating that FSC is a suitable membrane for hydrogen at temperature between 673&nbsp;K and room temperature, and has a great potential for studying redox reactions at these temperatures, especially for systems containing organic material and/or sulphur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.06.001","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Shang, L., Chou, I., Lu, W., Burruss, R., and Zhang, Y., 2009, Determination of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in fused silica between 296 and 523 K by Raman spectroscopy and application of fused silica capillaries in studying redox reactions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 18, p. 5435-5443, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.06.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5435","endPage":"5443","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-010606","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.06.001"}],"volume":"73","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff9fe4b0c8380cd4f2c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shang, L.","contributorId":57672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, W.","contributorId":47576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burruss, Robert 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":146833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033042,"text":"70033042 - 2009 - Thermal maturity and organic composition of Pennsylvanian coals and carbonaceous shales, north-central Texas: Implications for coalbed gas potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033042","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal maturity and organic composition of Pennsylvanian coals and carbonaceous shales, north-central Texas: Implications for coalbed gas potential","docAbstract":"Thermal maturity was determined for about 120 core, cuttings, and outcrop samples to investigate the potential for coalbed gas resources in Pennsylvanian strata of north-central Texas. Shallow (< 600??m; 2000??ft) coal and carbonaceous shale cuttings samples from the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian Strawn, Canyon, and Cisco Groups in Archer and Young Counties on the Eastern Shelf of the Midland basin (northwest and downdip from the outcrop) yielded mean random vitrinite reflectance (Ro) values between about 0.4 and 0.8%. This range of Ro values indicates rank from subbituminous C to high volatile A bituminous in the shallow subsurface, which may be sufficient for early thermogenic gas generation. Near-surface (< 100??m; 300??ft) core and outcrop samples of coal from areas of historical underground coal mining in the region yielded similar Ro values of 0.5 to 0.8%. Carbonaceous shale core samples of Lower Pennsylvanian strata (lower Atoka Group) from two deeper wells (samples from ~ 1650??m; 5400??ft) in Jack and western Wise Counties in the western part of the Fort Worth basin yielded higher Ro values of about 1.0%. Pyrolysis and petrographic data for the lower Atoka samples indicate mixed Type II/Type III organic matter, suggesting generated hydrocarbons may be both gas- and oil-prone. In all other samples, organic material is dominated by Type III organic matter (vitrinite), indicating that generated hydrocarbons should be gas-prone. Individual coal beds are thin at outcrop (< 1??m; 3.3??ft), laterally discontinuous, and moderately high in ash yield and sulfur content. A possible analog for coalbed gas potential in the Pennsylvanian section of north-central Texas occurs on the northeast Oklahoma shelf and in the Cherokee basin of southeastern Kansas, where contemporaneous gas-producing coal beds are similar in thickness, quality, and rank.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.006","issn":"01665","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P., Guevara, E., Hentz, T., and Hook, R., 2009, Thermal maturity and organic composition of Pennsylvanian coals and carbonaceous shales, north-central Texas: Implications for coalbed gas potential: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 294-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.006.","startPage":"294","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.006"},{"id":241151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb234e4b08c986b325676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, P.C. 0000-0002-5957-2551","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":60756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guevara, E.H.","contributorId":89693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guevara","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hentz, T.F.","contributorId":93284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hentz","given":"T.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hook, R.W.","contributorId":61584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035434,"text":"70035434 - 2009 - Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:39:18","indexId":"70035434","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","issn":"1547139X","usgsCitation":"Owen, D., Lasca, N., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature: Stratigraphy, v. 6, no. 2, p. 183-184.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa775e4b0c8380cd85429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, D.E.","contributorId":35336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasca, N.P.","contributorId":93293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasca","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035107,"text":"70035107 - 2009 - Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035107","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth","docAbstract":"Greenhouse experiments were undertaken to identify soil factors that curtail growth of the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) without significantly inhibiting growth of native perennial grasses (here represented by Hilaria jamesii [Torr.] Benth). We grew B. tectorum and H. jamesii alone (monoculture pots) and together (combination pots) in soil treatments that manipulated levels of soil phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. Hilaria jamesii showed no decline when its aboveground biomass in any of the applied treatments was compared to the control in either the monoculture or combination pots. Monoculture pots of B. tectorum showed a decline in aboveground biomass with the addition of Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4.</sub> Interestingly, in pots where H. jamesii was present, the negative effect of these treatments was ameliorated. Whereas the presence of B. tectorum generally decreased the aboveground biomass of H. jamesii (comparing aboveground biomass in monoculture versus combination pots), the presence of H. jamesii resulted in an enhancement of B. tectorum aboveground biomass by up to 900%. We hypothesize that B. tectorum was able to obtain resources from H. jamesii, an action that benefited B. tectorum while generally harming H. jamesii. Possible ways resources may be gained by B. tectorum from native perennial grasses include (1) B. tectorum is protected from salt stress by native plants or associated soil biota; (2) when B. tectorum is grown with H. jamesii, the native soil biota is altered in a way that favors B. tectorum growth, including B. tectorum tapping into the mycorrhizal network of native plants and obtaining resources from them; (3) B. tectorum can take advantage of root exudates from native plants, including water and nutrients released by natives via hydraulic redistribution; and (4) B. tectorum is able to utilize some combination of the above mechanisms. In summary, land managers may find adding soil treatments can temporarily suppress B. tectorum and enhance the establishment of native plants. However, the extirpation of B. tectorum is unlikely, as many native grasses are likely to facilitate its growth. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., and Sherrod, S.K., 2009, Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth: Plant Ecology, v. 201, no. 2, p. 709-721, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5.","startPage":"709","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5"},{"id":243060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e7e4b08c986b319b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, S. K.","contributorId":9209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherrod","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032754,"text":"70032754 - 2009 - The genomic transcriptional response of female fathead minnows (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) to an acute exposure to the androgen, 17β-trenbolone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T15:57:40","indexId":"70032754","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The genomic transcriptional response of female fathead minnows (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) to an acute exposure to the androgen, 17β-trenbolone","docAbstract":"We investigated the genomic transcriptional response of female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to an acute (4 days) exposure to 0.1 or 1.0 ??g/L of 17??-trenbolone (TB), the active metabolite of an anabolic androgenic steroid used as a growth promoter in cattle and a contaminant of concern in aquatic systems. Our objectives were to investigate the gene expression profile induced by TB, define biomarkers of exposure to TB, and increase our understanding of the mechanisms of adverse effects of TB on fish reproduction. In female gonad tissue, microarray analysis using a 22 K oligonucleotide microarray (EcoArray Inc., Gainesville, FL) showed 99 significantly upregulated genes and 741 significantly downregulated genes in response to 1 ??g TB/L. In particular, hydroxysteroid (17??) dehydrogenase 12a (hsd17b12a), zona pellucida glycoprotein 2.2 (zp2.2), and protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 2 (pias2) were all downregulated in gonad. Q-PCR measurements in a larger sample set were consistent with the microarray results in the direction and magnitude of these changes in gene expression. However, several novel potential biomarkers were verified by Q-PCR in the same samples, but could not be validated in independent samples. In liver, Q-PCR measurements showed a significant decrease in vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) mRNA expression. In brain, cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1b (cyp19a1b, previously known as aromatase B) transcript levels were significantly reduced following TB exposure. Our study provides a candidate gene involved in mediating the action of TB, hsd17b12a, and two potential biomarkers sensitive to acute TB exposure, hepatic vtg1 and brain cyp19a1b.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.10.002","issn":"01664","usgsCitation":"Dorts, J., Richter, C.A., Wright-Osment, M., Ellersieck, M.R., Carter, B.J., and Tillitt, D.E., 2009, The genomic transcriptional response of female fathead minnows (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) to an acute exposure to the androgen, 17β-trenbolone: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 91, no. 1, p. 44-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.10.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476134,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2747603","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213707,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.10.002"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac42e4b08c986b323393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorts, Jennifer","contributorId":36762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorts","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, Cathy A. 0000-0001-7322-4206 crichter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-4206","contributorId":1878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Cathy","email":"crichter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright-Osment, Maureen K.","contributorId":40337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright-Osment","given":"Maureen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellersieck, Mark R.","contributorId":80841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, Barbara J.","contributorId":11713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035049,"text":"70035049 - 2009 - Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:44:15","indexId":"70035049","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine","docAbstract":"<p>West Nile virus was introduced into the United States in the vicinity of New York, New York, USA in 1999. The virus has since killed large numbers of birds nationwide, especially, but not limited to, crows (<i>Corvus brachyrhinchos</i>). One sandhill crane (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) at the Bridgeport Zoo (Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA) reportedly died from West Nile virus, so sandhill cranes and endangered whooping cranes (<i>Grus americana</i>), both in the wild and in captive breeding colonies at United States Geological Service (USGS) Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Laurel, Maryland, USA) were considered at risk. A killed vaccine in sandhill cranes was evaluated by vaccinating and then challenging these cranes with live West Nile virus. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the killed vaccine developed significant titers when compared with unvaccinated controls. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the vaccine and challenged with the virus died from West Nile virus infection. In addition, no unvaccinated challenged sandhill cranes died. However, 2 days postchallenge, vaccinated cranes had significantly less viremia (P &lt; 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes. Seven days postchallenge vaccinated cranes had significantly less cloacal shedding of the virus (P &lt; 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes and significantly less weight loss (P &lt; 0.05) as compared with unvaccinated cranes. Vaccinated sandhill cranes developed significantly higher titers 14 days postchallenge and were viremic for shorter periods of time after challenge than unvaccinated individuals. Unvaccinated challenged cranes had glial cell aggregates in both the brain and brain stem areas, and this was not observed in vaccinated challenged cranes or in vaccinated unchallenged cranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2008-0017.1","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., Miller, K.J., Docherty, D., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., and Sileo, L., 2009, Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 40, no. 2, p. 263-271, https://doi.org/10.1638/2008-0017.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a759ce4b0c8380cd77c45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kimberli J.G. 0000-0002-7947-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0894","contributorId":81447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberli","email":"","middleInitial":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. 0000-0002-5590-6518 vbochsler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-6518","contributorId":3234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","email":"vbochsler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035188,"text":"70035188 - 2009 - Potential earthquake faults offshore Southern California, from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035188","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential earthquake faults offshore Southern California, from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point","docAbstract":"Urban areas in Southern California are at risk from major earthquakes, not only quakes generated by long-recognized onshore faults but also ones that occur along poorly understood offshore faults. We summarize recent research findings concerning these lesser known faults. Research by the U.S. Geological Survey during the past five years indicates that these faults from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point pose a potential earthquake threat. Historical seismicity in this area indicates that, in general, offshore faults can unleash earthquakes having at least moderate (M 5-6) magnitude. Estimating the earthquake hazard in Southern California is complicated by strain partitioning and by inheritance of structures from early tectonic episodes. The three main episodes are Mesozoic through early Miocene subduction, early Miocene crustal extension coeval with rotation of the Western Transverse Ranges, and Pliocene and younger transpression related to plate-boundary motion along the San Andreas Fault. Additional complication in the analysis of earthquake hazards derives from the partitioning of tectonic strain into strike-slip and thrust components along separate but kinematically related faults. The eastern Santa Barbara Basin is deformed by large active reverse and thrust faults, and this area appears to be underlain regionally by the north-dipping Channel Islands thrust fault. These faults could produce moderate to strong earthquakes and destructive tsunamis. On the Malibu coast, earthquakes along offshore faults could have left-lateral-oblique focal mechanisms, and the Santa Monica Mountains thrust fault, which underlies the oblique faults, could give rise to large (M ??7) earthquakes. Offshore faults near Santa Monica Bay and the San Pedro shelf are likely to produce both strike-slip and thrust earthquakes along northwest-striking faults. In all areas, transverse structures, such as lateral ramps and tear faults, which crosscut the main faults, could segment earthquake rupture zones. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(4.4)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., Sorlien, C., and Sliter, R.W., 2009, Potential earthquake faults offshore Southern California, from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 271-290, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(4.4).","startPage":"271","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(4.4)"},{"id":243325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ec5e4b0c8380cd7a735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorlien, C.C.","contributorId":94089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorlien","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R. W.","contributorId":37758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034794,"text":"70034794 - 2009 - The timing of eclogite facies metamorphism and migmatization in the Orlica–Śnieżnik complex, Bohemian Massif: Constraints from a multimethod geochronological study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T09:24:12","indexId":"70034794","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2389,"text":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of eclogite facies metamorphism and migmatization in the Orlica–Śnieżnik complex, Bohemian Massif: Constraints from a multimethod geochronological study","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Orlica&ndash;Śnieżnik complex (OSC) is a key geological element of the eastern Variscides and mainly consists of amphibolite facies orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks. Sporadic occurrences of eclogites and granulites record high-pressure (HP) to ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic conditions. A multimethod geochronological approach (</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar&ndash;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar, Rb&ndash;Sr, Sm&ndash;Nd, U&ndash;Pb) has been used to gain further insights into the polymetamorphic evolution of eclogites and associated country rocks. Special attention was given to the unresolved significance of a 370- to 360&nbsp;Ma age group that was repeatedly described in previous studies. Efforts to verify the accuracy of&nbsp;</span><i>c.</i><span>370&nbsp;Ma K&ndash;Ar phengite and biotite dates reported for an eclogite and associated country-rock gneiss from the location Nowa Wieś suggest that these dates are meaningless, due to contamination with extraneous Ar. Extraneous Ar is also considered to be responsible for a significantly older&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar&ndash;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar phengite date of&nbsp;</span><i>c.</i><span>&nbsp;455&nbsp;Ma for an eclogite from the location Wojtowka. Attempts to further substantiate the importance of 370&ndash;360&nbsp;Ma zircon dates as an indicator for a melt-forming high-temperature (HT) episode did not provide evidence in support of anatectic processes at this time. Instead, SHRIMP U&ndash;Pb zircon dating of leucosomes and leucocratic veins within both orthogneisses and (U)HP granulites revealed two age populations (490&ndash;450 and 345&ndash;330&nbsp;Ma respectively) that correspond to protolith ages of the magmatic precursors and late Variscan anatexis. The results of this study further underline the importance of Late Carboniferous metamorphic processes for the evolution of the OSC that comprise the waning stages of HP metamorphism and lower pressure HT overprinting with partial melting. Eclogites and their country rocks provided no chronometric evidence for an UHP and ultrahigh-temperature episode at 387&ndash;360&nbsp;Ma, as recently suggested for granulites from the OSC, based on Lu&ndash;Hf garnet ages (</span><a class=\"referenceLink\" title=\"Link to bibliographic citation\" rel=\"references:#b1\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00823.x/full#b1\">Anczkiewicz&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>, 2007</a><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00823.x","issn":"02634929","usgsCitation":"Brocker, M., Klemd, R., Cosca, M., Brock, W., Larionov, A., and Rodionov, N., 2009, The timing of eclogite facies metamorphism and migmatization in the Orlica–Śnieżnik complex, Bohemian Massif: Constraints from a multimethod geochronological study: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 385-403, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00823.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"403","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215701,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00823.x"}],"country":"Czech Republic, Poland","otherGeospatial":"Orlica-Snieznik complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              16.58935546875,\n              50.078294547389426\n            ],\n            [\n              16.58935546875,\n              50.47848271564207\n            ],\n            [\n              17.24853515625,\n              50.47848271564207\n            ],\n            [\n              17.24853515625,\n              50.078294547389426\n            ],\n            [\n              16.58935546875,\n              50.078294547389426\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb101e4b08c986b3251b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocker, M.","contributorId":32007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemd, R.","contributorId":43192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemd","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosca, M. 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":107417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, W.","contributorId":28093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larionov, A.N.","contributorId":91708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larionov","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodionov, N.","contributorId":60873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodionov","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035155,"text":"70035155 - 2009 - Diet and body mass of wintering ducks in adjacent brackish and freshwater habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet and body mass of wintering ducks in adjacent brackish and freshwater habitats","docAbstract":"Field-collected and hunter-donated ducks obtained during September-January of 1997-98 and 1998-99 were used to determine if food habits and body mass of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) and Mallards (A. platyrhynchos) wintering in Suisun Marsh (Suisun), California, a managed estuarine brackish marsh, differed from values in the adjacent Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (the Delta), a freshwater region of grain fields flooded after harvest. Ducks in Suisun fed primarily on seeds of Sea Purslane (Sesuvium verrucosum), followed by Alkali Bulrush (Schoenoplectus maritimus) and Wild Millet (Echinochloa crusgalli), together forming 73-90% (aggregate % dry mass) of the diets. Ducks in the Delta fed primarily on seeds of Smartweed (Polygonum spp.), followed by corn (Zea mays) and tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum), together forming 62-88% of the diets. Pintails and Mallards collected in Suisun each had similar (5 of 11 seasonal comparisons) or greater (6 of the 11 comparisons) body mass compared to their conspecifics collected from the Delta (90% confidence interval analyses), despite a composite diet in the Delta having about 39% greater metabolizable energy content (ME) and 24% greater protein content than in Suisun. Therefore, diet quality alone was not a predictor of body mass in these two areas. Other factors must have been involved, such as greater food abundance and density, lower waterfowl abundance and density, or lower daily energy costs in Suisun. Direct measurement of these factors should explain the apparent inconsistencies in body mass relative to food quality in these brackish and freshwater habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0302","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Burns, E., Wickland, B., and Eadie, J., 2009, Diet and body mass of wintering ducks in adjacent brackish and freshwater habitats: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 3, p. 374-387, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0302.","startPage":"374","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476180,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0302"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00cae4b0c8380cd4f907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, E.G.","contributorId":79723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, B.E.","contributorId":100216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035310,"text":"70035310 - 2009 - Factors influencing reporting and harvest probabilities in North American geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035310","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing reporting and harvest probabilities in North American geese","docAbstract":"We assessed variation in reporting probabilities of standard bands among species, populations, harvest locations, and size classes of North American geese to enable estimation of unbiased harvest probabilities. We included reward (US10,20,30,50, or100) and control (0) banded geese from 16 recognized goose populations of 4 species: Canada (Branta canadensis), cackling (B. hutchinsii), Ross's (Chen rossii), and snow geese (C. caerulescens). We incorporated spatially explicit direct recoveries and live recaptures into a multinomial model to estimate reporting, harvest, and band-retention probabilities. We compared various models for estimating harvest probabilities at country (United States vs. Canada), flyway (5 administrative regions), and harvest area (i.e., flyways divided into northern and southern sections) scales. Mean reporting probability of standard bands was 0.73 (95 CI 0.690.77). Point estimates of reporting probabilities for goose populations or spatial units varied from 0.52 to 0.93, but confidence intervals for individual estimates overlapped and model selection indicated that models with species, population, or spatial effects were less parsimonious than those without these effects. Our estimates were similar to recently reported estimates for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). We provide current harvest probability estimates for these populations using our direct measures of reporting probability, improving the accuracy of previous estimates obtained from recovery probabilities alone. Goose managers and researchers throughout North America can use our reporting probabilities to correct recovery probabilities estimated from standard banding operations for deriving spatially explicit harvest probabilities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2008-145","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, G., Moser, T., Kendall, W., Doherty, P., White, G.C., and Caswell, D., 2009, Factors influencing reporting and harvest probabilities in North American geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 5, p. 710-719, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-145.","startPage":"710","endPage":"719","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-145"},{"id":243170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec9e4b0c8380cd53613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, G.S.","contributorId":16126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moser, T.J.","contributorId":55116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caswell, D.F.","contributorId":7101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caswell","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035371,"text":"70035371 - 2009 - What you should know about land-cover data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:07:42","indexId":"70035371","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What you should know about land-cover data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wildlife biologists are using land-characteristics data sets for a variety of applications. Many kinds of landscape variables have been characterized and the resultant data sets or maps are readily accessible. Often, too little consideration is given to the accuracy or traits of these data sets, most likely because biologists do not know how such data are compiled and rendered, or the potential pitfalls that can be encountered when applying these data. To increase understanding of the nature of land-characteristics data sets, I introduce aspects of source information and data-handling methodology that include the following: ambiguity of land characteristics; temporal considerations and the dynamic nature of the landscape; type of source data versus landscape features of interest; data resolution, scale, and geographic extent; data entry and positional problems; rare landscape features; and interpreter variation. I also include guidance for determining the quality of land-characteristics data sets through metadata or published documentation, visual clues, and independent information. The quality or suitability of the data sets for wildlife applications may be improved with thematic or spatial generalization, avoidance of transitional areas on maps, and merging of multiple data sources. Knowledge of the underlying challenges in compiling such data sets will help wildlife biologists to better assess the strengths and limitations and determine how best to use these data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2007-509","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., 2009, What you should know about land-cover data: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 5, p. 796-805, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-509.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"796","endPage":"805","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-509"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd047e4b08c986b32ed7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035309,"text":"70035309 - 2009 - Relationships between insolation and rattlesnake hibernacula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035309","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between insolation and rattlesnake hibernacula","docAbstract":"We examined the relationship between insolation, climate, and hibernacula of black-tailed (Crotalus molossus), Great Basin (Crotalus lutosus), and western diamondback (Crotalus atrox) rattlesnakes at 4 sites in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, Hibernacula were located through a combination of visual searches and radio telemetry from 1995 to 2003. We used global information systems to calculate insolation and compared hibernaculum insolation values with random points representing available insolation of the surrounding habitat. Insolation reflects soil temperatures, and we predicted that hibernacula in cool climates, at high elevations, and at high latitudes would have higher insolation relative to their surroundings, while hibernacula in warmer climates would not differ from their surroundings in insolation. Coolest temperatures, highest elevations, and highest latitudes occurred on the C. lutosus and C. molossus sites, where hibernaculum insolation was higher than surrounding insolation. Temperatures were intermediate on the high-elevation C. atrox site, where hibernaculum insolation did not differ from random-point insolation, Temperatures were highest on the low-elevation C. atrox site, where hibernaculum insolation was unexpectedly lower than random-point insolation, Our observations suggest that rattlesnakes in cool climates utilize hibernacula with insolation values higher than those of their surroundings, Rattlesnakes in warm climates utilize hibernacula with insolation values lower than or similar to those of their surroundings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0305","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, B., and Nowak, E., 2009, Relationships between insolation and rattlesnake hibernacula: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 3, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0305.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487833,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss3/5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215371,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0305"},{"id":243169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a7a5e4b0e8fec6cdc524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, B.T.","contributorId":28822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, E.M.","contributorId":65675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034245,"text":"70034245 - 2009 - Numerical models of caldera deformation: Effects of multiphase and multicomponent hydrothermal fluid flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T11:56:10","indexId":"70034245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical models of caldera deformation: Effects of multiphase and multicomponent hydrothermal fluid flow","docAbstract":"Ground surface displacement (GSD) in large calderas is often interpreted as resulting from magma intrusion at depth. Recent advances in geodetic measurements of GSD, notably interferometric synthetic aperture radar, reveal complex and multifaceted deformation patterns that often require complex source models to explain the observed GSD. Although hydrothermal fluids have been discussed as a possible deformation agent, very few quantitative studies addressing the effects of multiphase flow on crustal mechanics have been attempted. Recent increases in the power and availability of computing resources allow robust quantitative assessment of the complex time-variant thermal interplay between aqueous fluid flow and crustal deformation. We carry out numerical simulations of multiphase (liquid-gas), multicomponent (H 2O-CO2) hydrothermal fluid flow and poroelastic deformation using a range of realistic physical parameters and processes. Hydrothermal fluid injection, circulation, and gas formation can generate complex, temporally and spatially varying patterns of GSD, with deformation rates, magnitudes, and geometries (including subsidence) similar to those observed in several large calderas. The potential for both rapid and gradual deformation resulting from magma-derived fluids suggests that hydrothermal fluid circulation may help explain deformation episodes at calderas that have not culminated in magmatic eruption.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006151","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hutnak, M., Hurwitz, S., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Hsieh, P.A., 2009, Numerical models of caldera deformation: Effects of multiphase and multicomponent hydrothermal fluid flow: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 4, B04411, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006151.","productDescription":"B04411","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476361,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb006151","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006151"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6901e4b0c8380cd73afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutnak, M.","contributorId":16674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutnak","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035855,"text":"70035855 - 2009 - The results of nocturnal visual surveys are influenced by lamp properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035855","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":837,"text":"Applied Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The results of nocturnal visual surveys are influenced by lamp properties","docAbstract":"We conducted standardized visual searches at night for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and geckos, where we alternated between spotlight and floodlight lamps. Floodlights rendered us 25% more snakes and 71% more geckos than did spotlights. We show data on searcher variability and discuss what might affect the relative benefit of different lamp types. ?? 2009 Brill Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1163/157075309X12470350858398","issn":"15707539","usgsCitation":"Lardner, B., Savidge, J.A., Rodda, G., Reed, R., and Adams, A., 2009, The results of nocturnal visual surveys are influenced by lamp properties: Applied Herpetology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 391-396, https://doi.org/10.1163/157075309X12470350858398.","startPage":"391","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075309X12470350858398"},{"id":244053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf3de4b08c986b324654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lardner, B.","contributorId":101910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lardner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, R.N. 0000-0001-8349-6168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":49092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, A.A.Y.","contributorId":50369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"A.A.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035758,"text":"70035758 - 2009 - Reducing society's risks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035758","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing society's risks","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1943345X","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M., 2009, Reducing society's risks: Earth, v. 54, no. 12, p. 48-53.","startPage":"48","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3d0e4b0e8fec6cdb9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035854,"text":"70035854 - 2009 - An estimate of the historic population size of adult pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri river basin, Montana and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035854","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An estimate of the historic population size of adult pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri river basin, Montana and North Dakota","docAbstract":"Juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus raised in hatcheries and stocked in the wild are used to augment critically imperiled populations of this federally endangered species in the United States. For pallid sturgeon in recovery priority management area 2 (RPMA 2) of the Missouri River and lower Yellowstone River where natural recruitment has not occurred for decades, restoration programs aim to stock an annual minimum of 9000 juvenile pallid sturgeon for 20 years to re-establish a minimum population of 1700 adults. However, establishment of this target was based on general guidelines for maintaining the genetic integrity of populations rather than pallid sturgeon-specific demographic information because data on the historical population size was lacking. In this study, information from a recent population estimate (158 wild adults in 2004, 95% confidence interval 129-193 adults) and an empirically derived adult mortality rate (5%) was used in a cohort population model to back-estimate the historic abundance of adult pallid sturgeon in RPMA 2. Three back-estimation age models were developed, and assumed that adults alive during 2004 were 30-, 40-, or 50-years old. Based on these age assumptions, population sizes [??95% confidence intervals; (CI)] were back-estimated to 1989, 1979, and 1969 to approximate size of the population when individuals would have been sexually mature (15 years old) and capable of spawning. Back-estimations yielded predictions of 344 adults in 1989 (95% CI 281-420), 577 adults in 1979 (95% CI 471-704), and 968 adults in 1969 (95% CI 790-1182) for the 30-, 40-, and 50-year age models, respectively. Although several assumptions are inherent in the back-estimation models, results suggest the juvenile stocking program for pallid sturgeon will likely re-establish an adult population that equals in the short-term and exceeds in the long-term the predicted population numbers that occurred during past decades in RPMA 2. However, re-establishment of a large population in RPMA 2 that exceeds populations present 40+ years ago should be considered conservatively, as this strategy will increase the number of reproductive adults and thereby increase the likelihood for natural recruitment in this recruitment-limited system. ?? 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01195.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Braaten, P., Fuller, D., Lott, R., and Jordan, G., 2009, An estimate of the historic population size of adult pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri river basin, Montana and North Dakota, <i>in</i> Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 25, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 2-7, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01195.x.","startPage":"2","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01195.x"},{"id":244052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea42e4b0c8380cd4873f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braaten, P.J.","contributorId":98857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, D.B.","contributorId":74116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5099,"text":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lott, R.D.","contributorId":93172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jordan, G.R.","contributorId":38386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035596,"text":"70035596 - 2009 - Climatic and limnologic setting of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035596","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic and limnologic setting of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"Bear Lake is a large alkaline lake on a high plateau on the Utah-Idaho border. The Bear River was partly diverted into the lake in the early twentieth century so that Bear Lake could serve as a reservoir to supply water for hydropower and irrigation downstream, which continues today. The northern Rocky Mountain region is within the belt of the strongest of the westerly winds that transport moisture during the winter and spring over coastal mountain ranges and into the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains. As a result of this dominant winter precipitation pattern, most of the water entering the lake is from snowmelt, but with net evaporation. The dominant solutes in the lake water are Ca <sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>, derived from Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Bear River Range west of the lake. The lake is saturated with calcite, aragonite, and dolomite at all depths, and produces vast amounts of carbonate minerals. The chemistry of the lake has changed considerably over the past 100 years as a result of the diversion of Bear River. The net effect of the diversion was to dilute the lake water, especially the Mg<sup>2+</sup> concentration. Bear Lake is oligotrophic and coprecipitation of phosphate with CaCO<sub>3</sub> helps to keep productivity low. However, algal growth is colimited by nitrogen availability. Phytoplankton densities are low, with a mean summer chlorophyll a concentration of 0.4 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Phytoplankton are dominated by diatoms, but they have not been studied extensively (but see Moser and Kimball, this volume). Zooplankton densities usually are low (&lt;10 L<sup>-1</sup>) and highly seasonal, dominated by calanoid copepods and cladocera. Benthic invertebrate densities are extremely low; chironomid larvae are dominant at depths &lt;30 m, and are partially replaced with ostracodes and oligochaetes in deeper water. The ostracode species in water depths &gt;10 m are all endemic. Bear Lake has 13 species of fi sh, four of which are endemic. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(01)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Wurtsbaugh, W., and Lamarra, V., 2009, Climatic and limnologic setting of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(01).","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(01)"},{"id":244008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f65be4b0c8380cd4c703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wurtsbaugh, W.A.","contributorId":36751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wurtsbaugh","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamarra, V.A.","contributorId":47196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamarra","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035942,"text":"70035942 - 2009 - Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035942","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry","docAbstract":"The southern Alaskan syntaxis marks the spectacular junction between the >1000-km-long Pacific-North America transform margin and the Chugach-St. Elias belt, where subduction and terrane accretion drive rapid convergent deformation and rock uplift. New low-temperature thermochronometry reveals that intense orogenic deformation is not restricted to one side of the syntaxis but extends nearly 300 km south along the dextral Fairweather fault. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages as young as 0.9 and 2.0 Ma suggest maximum exhumation rates of nearly 2 mm/a in close proximity (<10 km) to the Fairweather fault and average exhumation rates of >0.5 mm/a along the entire plate margin. We estimate that long-term rock uplift accommodates ???3 mm/a of fault-normal convergence in this area. This suggests that the Fairweather fault is slightly transpressive and highly partitioned, analogous to the central San Andreas fault. This convergence only accounts for ???1/5 of the obliquity between Pacific plate motion and the continental margin, however, implying the deficit is taken up by 1-2 cm/a thrust-sinistral motion along the offshore Transition fault. Additionally, thermochronometry shows a marked increase in bedrock cooling coincident with onset of heavy glaciation, similar to what has been observed in other parts of the Pacific Northwest. The tectonically active Fairweather corridor is distinguished, however, by the magnitude of the acceleration and the depth of exhumation since Pliocene climate change. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007TC002240","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"McAleer, R., Spotila, J., Enkelmann, E., and Berger, A., 2009, Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry: Tectonics, v. 28, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002240.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476219,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007tc002240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002240"},{"id":243964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dade4b0c8380cd53134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAleer, R.J.","contributorId":45925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spotila, J.A.","contributorId":41163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotila","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enkelmann, E.","contributorId":27256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enkelmann","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger, A.L.","contributorId":19805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}