Discharge and specific conductance were measured February 15 through April 9, 1984, during base flow of streams in 18 watersheds in the vicinity of the Y-12 Plant of the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee. Discharge of springs and streams measured at specific sites ranged from 0 to 16 cubic feet per second. Specific conductance ranged from 23 to 6,300 micromhos per centimeter. During the days of instantaneous discharge measurements, flow of Bear Creek at the continuous-record station at Highway 95 near Oak Ridge ranged from 3.6 to 17 cubic feet per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84625","usgsCitation":"Evaldi, R., 1984, Streamflow and specific-conductance data for selected sites, February 15 through April 9, 1984, near the Y-12 Plant, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-625, Report: iii, 5 p.; 2 Plates: 39.39 × 26.18 inches and 39.44 × 26.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84625.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 5 p.; 2 Plates: 39.39 × 26.18 inches and 39.44 × 26.42 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406895,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13477.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":36331,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0625/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36330,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0625/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36329,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0625/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0625/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evaldi, R. D.","contributorId":93909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evaldi","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":158286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18379,"text":"ofr84243 - 1984 - Brief statement on the hydrology of the Sampit River area near Georgetown, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T13:46:52","indexId":"ofr84243","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-243","title":"Brief statement on the hydrology of the Sampit River area near Georgetown, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Carolina Refining and Distributing Company is planning to locate an oil-refining plant near Georgetown, South Carolina. To aid in the preparation of an environmental impact statement, a description of the stratigraphy, ground-water resources, and an assessment of possible seismic activity that may occur in the Winyah Bay vicinity has been prepared. Additional data will be required to quantitatively evaluate the impact of an oil spill on the shallow aquifer in the area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84243","usgsCitation":"Cahill, J., 1984, Brief statement on the hydrology of the Sampit River area near Georgetown, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-243, iv, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84243.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0243/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47725,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0243/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Georgetown","otherGeospatial":"Sampit River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.4143295288086,\n 33.249311551355\n ],\n [\n -79.4143295288086,\n 33.421985709613296\n ],\n [\n -79.26120758056639,\n 33.421985709613296\n ],\n [\n -79.26120758056639,\n 33.249311551355\n ],\n [\n -79.4143295288086,\n 33.249311551355\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahill, J.M.","contributorId":12509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30638,"text":"wri834071 - 1984 - Restoration of freshwater in the Cano Tiburones area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-14T14:47:59.662279","indexId":"wri834071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4071","title":"Restoration of freshwater in the Cano Tiburones area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Cano Tiburones on the north coast of Puerto Rico originally was a shallow, coastal lagoon, 9 square miles in area. It accumulated freshwater from adjacent rivers and springs and drained to the ocean through unobserved subterranean conduits. Forced drainage by pumping of Cano Tiburones for agriculture was begun in 1949, and resulted in lowering the water level to below sea level. The reversed hydraulic gradient permitted seawater to enter the Cano through the conduits forming seawater \"springs\". Seawater flooding caused widespread sodium chloride contamination in the canals and laterals and in the soils. Agricultural expectations of the area were not realized.
The present investigation into the freshening potential of Cano Tiburones (1979-1982) determined that ground-water discharge does not contribute to salty conditions.
On-site experiments were performed to segregate freshwater from seawater using differences in hydraulic head. Dams were constructed on canals and laterals, forcing accumulated saltwater to the ocean. Ring levees were placed around the discharging seawater conduits until sea level was reached and flow to the system stopped.
These efforts have succeeded in reducing the amount of seawater in Cano Tiburones to one-third of its original concentration. Most of the water presently in Cano Tiburones is suitable for irrigation.
Water resources data for the 1983 water year for Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water temperature of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 143 gaging stations; stage only records for 3 gaging stations; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 33 continuous-record stations; and water levels for 53 observation wells. Also included are 74 crest-stage partial-record stations and 8 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI831","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.B., Oberg, J., and Sieger, T., 1984, Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-83-1, ix, 289 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI831.","productDescription":"ix, 289 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1983/mi-83-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1983/mi-83-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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The storage coefficient of the Jackpile sandstone bed was estimated to be 0.00018 at well M2 and 0.00029 at well M3 from the same tests. An aquifer test conducted at well M21 indicated the transmissivity of the Jackpile sandstone bed was 2.0 sq ft/day and the storage coefficient was 0.00002. The transmissivity of an unnamed sandstone bed in the Brushy Basin Shale Member of the Morrison Formation was estimated from ' slug-test ' results to be about 20 sq ft/day. Water levels in this sandstone probably did not change due to pumping from the overlying Jackpile sandstone bed for 88 hours at an average discharge of 15.3 gallons/min. A constant discharge aquifer test at well M4C indicated that the transmissivity of the alluvium at this location was about 430 sq ft/day. Water levels in the underlying Jackpile sandstone bed began declining within 15 minutes after withdrawals of groundwater from the alluvial aquifer began. 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P.","contributorId":30656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McaAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":42059,"text":"ofr84666 - 1984 - Aeromagnetic map of the Craig area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:02","indexId":"ofr84666","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-666","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Craig area, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr84666","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Aeromagnetic map of the Craig area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-666, 3 maps :photocopy ;70 x 64 cm. and smaller, on sheets 92 x 90 cm. and 46 x 61 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84666.","productDescription":"3 maps :photocopy ;70 x 64 cm. and smaller, on sheets 92 x 90 cm. and 46 x 61 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79808,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0666/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79809,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0666/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79807,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0666/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696c24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25394,"text":"wri844159 - 1984 - Analysis of urban storm-runoff data and the effects on the South Platte River, Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T18:48:01.342746","indexId":"wri844159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4159","title":"Analysis of urban storm-runoff data and the effects on the South Platte River, Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","docAbstract":"Denver was selected for inclusion in the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey. This report, prepared in cooperation with the Denver Regional council of governments, contains a synopsis of previous urban runoff studies in the Denver metropolitan area. The report includes a description of the monitored basins, a summary of storm runoff-to-rainfall ratios and estimates of impervious retention, and constituent loads and concentrations from seven small basins. The data from six small and five tributary basins to the South Platte River are analyzed using regression analysis, resulting in two sets of regression equations to predict storm runoff volume and selected constituent loads. The regression equations may be used to estimate storm-runoff volume and constituent loads from unmonitored basins from 15 to 16,000 acres with effective impervious areas of 15 to 90 percent. The effects of urban runoff on the South Platte River in the Denver area are described in three ways. The three methods indicated that storm runoff was a significant contributor of total suspended solids, total organic carbon, total lead, and total zinc to the South Platte River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844159","usgsCitation":"Ellis, S.R., Doerfer, J., Mustard, M.H., Blakely, S.R., and Gibbs, J.W., 1984, Analysis of urban storm-runoff data and the effects on the South Platte River, Denver metropolitan area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4159, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844159.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414376,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36032.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54126,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.25,\n 39.842\n ],\n [\n -105.25,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -104.75,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -104.75,\n 39.842\n ],\n [\n -105.25,\n 39.842\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae29b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, S. R.","contributorId":103278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doerfer, J. T.","contributorId":68352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doerfer","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mustard, M. H.","contributorId":18385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, S. R.","contributorId":34514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gibbs, J. W.","contributorId":66699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":26150,"text":"wri844280 - 1984 - Impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on the 500-year flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:54:44.770483","indexId":"wri844280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4280","title":"Impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on the 500-year flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-element surface water flow modeling system based on the shallow water equations was used to study the hydraulic impact of the proposed Interstate crossing on the 500-year flood. Infrared aerial photography was used to define regions of homogeneous roughness in the flood plain. Finite-element networks approximating flood plain topography were designed using elements of three roughness types. High water marks established during an 8-year flood that occurred in October 1976 were used to calibrate the model. The 500-year flood (630,000 cu ft/sec) was simulated using the dike on the left bank as the left boundary and the right edge of the flood plain as the right boundary. Simulations were performed without and with the proposed highway embankments in place. Detailed information was obtained about backwater effects upstream from the proposed highway embankments, changes in flow distribution resulting from embankments, and velocities in the vicinity of the bridge openings. The results of the study indicate that the four bridge openings in the right flood plain should be adequate to handle the 500-yr flood flow. Forty percent of the flow passes through the main channel bridge, while the remaining 60% of the flow passes through the three overflow bridges. Average velocities in the bridge openings ranged from 3.4 ft/sec to 6.9 ft/sec with a maximum vertically averaged velocity of 9.3 ft/sec occurring at the right edge of one of the overflow bridges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844280","usgsCitation":"Bennett, C., 1984, Impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on the 500-year flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4280, Report: iv, 23 p.; 3 Plates: 32.00 x 34.86 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844280.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; 3 Plates: 32.00 x 34.86 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411819,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36123.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54945,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54946,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54947,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4280/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Congaree River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.059,\n 33.974\n ],\n [\n -81.059,\n 33.891\n ],\n [\n -80.966,\n 33.891\n ],\n [\n -80.966,\n 33.974\n ],\n [\n -81.059,\n 33.974\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f4161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, C.S.","contributorId":13273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25393,"text":"wri834280 - 1984 - Analysis of the Carmel Valley alluvial ground-water basin, Monterey County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-24T17:16:13","indexId":"wri834280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4280","title":"Analysis of the Carmel Valley alluvial ground-water basin, Monterey County, California","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, finite-element, digital model was developed for the Carmel Valley alluvial ground-water basin using measured, computed, and estimated discharge and recharge data for the basin. Discharge data included evapotranspiration by phreatophytes and agricultural, municipal, and domestic pumpage. Recharge data included river leakage, tributary runoff, and pumping return flow. Recharge from subsurface boundary flow and rainfall infiltration was assumed to be insignificant. From 1974 through 1978, the annual pumping rate ranged from 5,900 to 9,100 acre-feet per year with 55 percent allotted to municipal use principally exported out of the valley, 44 percent to agricultural use, and 1 percent to domestic use. The pumpage return flow within the valley ranged from 900 to 1,500 acre-feet per year. The aquifer properties of transmissivity (about 5,900 feet squared per day) and of the storage coefficient (0.19) were estimated from an average alluvial thickness of 75 feet and from less well-defined data on specific capacity and grain-size distribution. During calibration the values estimated for hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient for the lower valley were reduced because of the smaller grain size there. The river characteristics were based on field and laboratory analyses of hydraulic conductivity and on altitude survey data. The model is intended principally for simulation of flow conditions using monthly time steps. Time variations in transmissivity and short-term, highrecharge potential are included in the model. The years 1974 through 1978 (including \"pre-\" and \"post-\" drought) were selected because of the extreme fluctuation in water levels between the low levels measured during dry years and the above-normal water levels measured during the preceding and following wet years. Also, during this time more hydrologic information was available. Significantly, computed water levels were generally within a few feet of the measured levels, and computed flows were close to gaged riverflows for this simulation. However, the nonuniqueness of solutions with respect to different sets of data indicates the model does not necessarily validate the correctness of the individual variables. The model might be improved with additional knowledge of the distribution of confining sediments in the lower end of the valley and the aquifer properties above and below them. The solution algorithm could account for confinement or partial confinement in the lower end of the valley plus contributions from the Tularcitos aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wri834280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Kapple, G.W., Mitten, H.T., Durbin, T.J., and Johnson, M.J., 1984, Analysis of the Carmel Valley alluvial ground-water basin, Monterey County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4280, v, 45 p.; 1 Plate: 42 x 58.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834280.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.; 1 Plate: 42 x 58.76 inches","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4280/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":262770,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4280/wri834280_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54125,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey","otherGeospatial":"Carmel Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,36.25 ], [ -122.0,36.75 ], [ -121.5,36.75 ], [ -121.5,36.25 ], [ -122.0,36.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6800a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapple, Glenn W.","contributorId":89567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapple","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitten, Hugh T.","contributorId":103652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitten","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durbin, Timothy J.","contributorId":63373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durbin","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25388,"text":"wri844216 - 1984 - Analysis and interpretation of data obtained in tests of the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri844216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4216","title":"Analysis and interpretation of data obtained in tests of the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon","docAbstract":"Water with temperatures to 130 C occurs in an extensive, heterogeneous aquifer at depths of a few hundred to nearly 2,000 feet. Chemical and isotopic analyses suggest that 190 C water mixes with cooler recharge water in a ratio of about 2 to 3 in zone within and beneath the aquifer. The water spreads from a fault zone and is tapped for space heating by more than 450 wells over a 2 square-mile area. Data obtained during a 50-day pumping and reinjection test in July and August, 1983, were fitted to theoretical double-porosity type curves. Predictions of water-level changes were made for two hypothetical pumping and reinjection schemes. It was determined that reinjection can generally offset declines due to pumping, although water levels will decline near pumped wells and will rise near injection wells. Tracer tests confirmed the double-porosity behavior of the aquifer. Discharge from thermal wells averages about 540 gallons per minute and heat discharge is about 18 x 10 to the 12th power British Thermal Units per year. Down-hole heat exchangers discharge about 13 x 10 to the 10th power British Thermal Units per year. Additional development probably is feasible. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844216","usgsCitation":"Sammel, E., 1984, Analysis and interpretation of data obtained in tests of the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4216, 158 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844216.","productDescription":"158 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680c58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sammel, E.A.","contributorId":59480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammel","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27101,"text":"wri834164 - 1984 - Water-quality and chemical loads of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 1980 to March 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T19:57:45.66881","indexId":"wri834164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4164","title":"Water-quality and chemical loads of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 1980 to March 1981","docAbstract":"Water samples were analyzed for 42 chemical constituents to determine the water quality of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania from April 1, 1980, to March 31, 1981. The investigation was part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Chesapeake Bay Program's Fall Line Monitoring Project to provide information on the Susquehanna River's freshwater input to the Chesapeake Bay. \r\n\r\nStreamflow and sediment discharge at Harrisburg during the study were 77 and 72 percent, respectively, of the average annual discharges. Precipitation was 16 percent lower than normal. Streamflow for February 1981 was 140 percent higher than the average monthly flow and transported 61 percent of the total annual sediment discharge. \r\n\r\nApproximately 2,300,000 tons of suspended sediment and 2,990,000 tons of dissolved solids were transported during the study. About 76 percent of the 42,000-ton nitrogen load was dissolved. Nearly 84 percent of the 2,930-ton phosphorus load and 95 percent of the 111,000-ton iron, aluminum and manganese loads were associated with suspended sediment. \r\n\r\nThe herbicides atrazine and 2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were the only pesticides measured in significant concentrations during the study period. Concentrations of 2,4-D varies throughout the year, and atrazine varied mostly during the spring and summer. Seasonal variations for other constituent concentrations and loads were directly related to streamflow. \r\n\r\nThe concentrations of many constituents varies with distance along the sampling cross-section. Maximum concentrations of suspended sediment differed between the east and west channels and fluctuated from one channel to the other. Specific conductance, dissolved nutrients, and dissolved major ions were consistently higher along the east and west banks. Dissolved nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in the vertical section closest to the west bank of the river. \r\n\r\nDiel variations of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance recorded for the period 1974 through 1978 were greatest during the months of June, July, August, and September. However, no trends in the amount of daily variation were determined for the five years of data. Regular diel variation patterns were observed for water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH for all streamflow conditions except peak flow and ice melt conditions. Specific conductance showed no regular diel variation, and was inversely related to streamflow. All four constituents were greatly influenced for short durations by melting ice.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834164","usgsCitation":"Fishel, D.K., 1984, Water-quality and chemical loads of the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 1980 to March 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4164, vii, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834164.","productDescription":"vii, 90 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55965,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409604,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35816.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4164/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Harrisburg","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.01609734800176,\n 40.37109573401304\n ],\n [\n -77.01609734800176,\n 40.13768753069422\n ],\n [\n -76.74337760794909,\n 40.13768753069422\n ],\n [\n -76.74337760794909,\n 40.37109573401304\n ],\n [\n -77.01609734800176,\n 40.37109573401304\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e8e4b07f02db5e8f5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, David K.","contributorId":34967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26141,"text":"wri834122A - 1984 - Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri834122A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4122","chapter":"A","title":"Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834122A","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Gates, J.S., and Stark, J., 1984, Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4122, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834122A.","productDescription":"13 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4122a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54937,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4122a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, J. S.","contributorId":99553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26140,"text":"wri834116A - 1984 - Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri834116A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4116","chapter":"A","title":"Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Southern California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834116A","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Langer, W.H., and Moyle, W., 1984, Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4116, 6 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834116A.","productDescription":"6 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4116a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54935,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4116a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54936,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4116a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moyle, W. R.","contributorId":27421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"W. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":43118,"text":"ofr84538 - 1984 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Crystal City, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:01","indexId":"ofr84538","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-538","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Crystal City, Texas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr84538","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Crystal City, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-538, maps :photocopy ;45 x 67 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84538.","productDescription":"maps :photocopy ;45 x 67 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b153f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26139,"text":"wri834119A - 1984 - Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T14:38:57","indexId":"wri834119A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4119","chapter":"A","title":"Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Nevada","docAbstract":"This report on ground-water units and withdrawal in the Basin and Range province of Nevada (see index map) was prepared as part of a program of the U.S. Geological Survey to identify prospective regions for further study relative to isolation of high-level nuclear waste (Bedinger f Sargent, and Reed, 1984), utilizing program guidelines defined in Sargent and Bedinger (1984). Also included in this report are selected references on pertinent geologic and hydrologic studies of the region. Other map reports in this series contain detailed data on ground-water quality, surface distribution of selected rock types, tectonic conditions, areal geophysics, Pleistocene lakes and marshes, and mineral and energy resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834119A","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Harrill, J., and Thomas, J.M., 1984, Maps showing ground-water units and withdrawal, Basin and Range Province, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4119, Report: 10 p.; 2 Plates: 43.27 x 39.62 inches and 55.63 x 33.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834119A.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 2 Plates: 43.27 x 39.62 inches and 55.63 x 33.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4119a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54934,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4119a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373621,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4119a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4119a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrill, J. R.","contributorId":10417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrill","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, J. M.","contributorId":62217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27083,"text":"wri844066 - 1984 - An assessment of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in Onion River, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T15:24:20","indexId":"wri844066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4066","title":"An assessment of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in Onion River, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Onion River in eastern Wisconsin was studied during the 1979 and 1980 water years to define the relationship between water quality and streamflow. Agricultural nonpoint-source discharges in the lower part of the Onion River are suspected of contributing significantly to degradation of water quality.
\nTwo streamflow water-quality monitoring stations were established on the Onion River, one at Hingham upstream of the affected area, and one near Sheboygan Falls downstream of the affected 272 pounds per square mile upstream of Hingham in the 1979 water year. Part of the high nutrient yields are due to point sources from Belgium Creek, which drains an area of 16.2 square miles. In the 1979 water year, point sources contributed an estimated 16,700 pounds of phosphorus or 45 percent of the total annual load downstream of Hingham, whereas, upstream of Hingham point sources contributed an estimated 2,200 pounds of phosphorus, or 18 percent of the total annual load. At Hingham during base flow, four of five phosphorus concentrations exceeded levels recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; most concentrations during storm runoff exceeded these levels. At Sheboygan Falls, all phosphorus concentrations at base flow and most storm runoff concentrations also exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency criteria. All samples at both Hingham and Sheboygan Falls contained concentrations of un-ionized ammonia that were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's criteria (0.02 milligrams per liter), except the March 1980 samples. No samples exceeded the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources criteria for un-ionized ammonia (0.04 milligrams per liter). area. Streamflow at Onion River at Hingham ranged from a minimum 7-day mean low flow (Q?) of 8.7 to a maximum discharge of 600 cubic feet per second; at Onion River near Sheboygan Falls streamflow ranged from a Q7 of 13 to a maximum discharge of 2,350 cubic feet per second. Based on discharges at the Sheboygan River at Sheboygan, these discharges ranged from about double the low flow that occurs on the average of once every 2 years, to discharges of between 5-and 10-year recurrence intervals. The average discharges at Hingham in the 1979 and 1980 water were 32.2 and 27.6 cubic feet per second, respectively. At Sheboygan Falls, the average discharges in the 1979 and 1980 water years were 94.2 and 55.2 cubic feet per second, respectively. Based on the average discharge at the Sheboygan River at Sheboygan, the 1979 discharge was 60 percent greater than average, and the 1980 discharge was about 5 percent less than average.
\nPrecipitation in the study area for the 1979 water year was 33.1 inches and for the 1980 water year it was 36.8 inches; these amounts are 3.3 inches and 7.0 inches, respectively, more than average.
\nSuspended-sediment yields and, probably, phosphorus yields were slightly above average for both years because of greater than normal precipitation, and stream discharges that were greater than normal in 1979 and near normal in 1980. Suspended-sediment yields were 79.1 tons per square mile for the 1979 water year and 63.9 tons per square mile for the 1980 water year at Hingham, while downstream of Hingham the yields were 93.5 tons per square mile for the 1979 water year and 84.2 tons per square mile for the 1980 water year. Phosphorus yields were 331 pounds per square mile for the 1979 water year and 317 pounds per square mile for the 1980 water year at Hingham. Downstream of Hingham, the phosphorus yields were 656 pounds per square mile for the 1979 water year and 647 pounds per square mile for the 198Q water year.
\nA population of bottom-dwelling carp resuspends the bottom sediments during its late spring and early summer active period, possibly causing high concentrations of suspended sediment and phosphorus.
\nNutrient yields and loading rates were highest downstream of Hingham. Nonpoint-source contribution of phosphorus amounted to 362 pounds per square mile downstream of Hingham compared to 272 pounds per square mile upstream of Hingham in the 1979 water year.
\nPart of the high nutrient yields are due to point sources from Belgium Creek, which drains an area of 16.2 square miles. In the 1979 water year, point sources contributed an estimated 16,700 pounds of phosphorus or 45 percent of the total annual load downstream of Hingham, whereas, upstream of Hingham point sources contributed an estimated 2,200 pounds of phosphorus, or 18 percent of the total annual load.
\nAt Hingham during base flow, four of five phosphorus concentrations exceeded levels recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; most concentrations during storm runoff exceeded these levels. At Sheboygan Falls, all phosphorus concentrations at base flow and most storm runoff concentrations also exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency criteria.
\nAll samples at both Hingham and Sheboygan Falls contained concentrations of un-ionized ammonia that were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's criteria (0.02 milligrams per liter), except the March 1980 samples. No samples exceeded the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources criteria for un-ionized ammonia (0.04 milligrams per liter).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., and Lidwin, R., 1984, An assessment of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in Onion River, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4066, vi, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844066.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55949,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4066/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Ozaukee County, Sheboygan County","otherGeospatial":"Onion River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.06503295898438,\n 43.7859669617277\n ],\n [\n -88.15704345703124,\n 43.75125720420175\n ],\n [\n -88.08563232421875,\n 43.62762639320158\n ],\n [\n -87.88719177246094,\n 43.55352464927332\n ],\n [\n -87.84393310546875,\n 43.555515149559746\n ],\n [\n -87.8192138671875,\n 43.599289521300825\n ],\n [\n -87.80548095703125,\n 43.65197548731187\n ],\n [\n -87.77114868164062,\n 43.715534726205114\n ],\n [\n -87.76016235351562,\n 43.76018449420188\n ],\n [\n -87.81715393066406,\n 43.80083640601217\n ],\n [\n -87.85903930664062,\n 43.777043519302175\n ],\n [\n -87.98057556152344,\n 43.76365585841392\n ],\n [\n -88.03688049316406,\n 43.77307711737606\n ],\n [\n -88.06503295898438,\n 43.7859669617277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidwin, R.A.","contributorId":33349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidwin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3651,"text":"cir850L - 1984 - Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast zone of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:41:58","indexId":"cir850L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"850","chapter":"L","title":"Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast zone of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"During several periods of volcanic-ash eruption at Mount St. Helens, Wash., (March 30, May 25-26, May 30-June 2, and June 12-13, 1980) strong winds from the north occurred at high altitudes. As a result, the volcanic ash fell some 50 miles to the south in the Bull Run watershed, the principal water-supply source for the metropolitan area of Portland, Oreg. Water samples collected from three stream sites within the watershed were compared with samples collected during the same season in previous years. No detectable changes were noted in chemical characteristics. Precipitation samples collected immediately after the June 12-13 ash fall ranged in specific conductance from 20 to 41 micromhos per centimeter at 25C and in pH from 4.0 to 4.3 pH units. Stream samples collected during the May-June period ranged in specific conductance from 18 to 28 micromhos per centimeter at 25C and in pH from 6.7 to 7.5 pH units. Volcanic-ash samples were collected and analyzed for particle size, chemical composition, and weight. Significant differences in particle size of ash were found in samples from two separate eruptions. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir850L","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Klein, J.M., and Wissman, R.C., 1984, Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast zone of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 850, iv, 26 p. :ill., map ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir850L.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., map ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0850l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30692,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0850l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":147332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, John M.","contributorId":27036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wissman, Robert C.","contributorId":89119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wissman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27069,"text":"wri844101 - 1984 - Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in Rosebud Creek, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:35:00.4195","indexId":"wri844101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4101","title":"Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in Rosebud Creek, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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