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We recorded bulk electrical conductivity (σb) along a soil column during microbially-mediated selenite oxyanion reduction. Effluent fluid electrical conductivity and early time σb were modeled according to classic advective-dispersive transport of the nutrient medium. However, σb along the column exhibited strongly bimodal breakthrough which cannot be explained by changes in the electrical conductivity of the pore fluid. We model the anomalous breakthrough by adding a conduction path in parallel with the fluid phase, with a time dependence described by a microbial population-dynamics model. We incorporate a delay time to show that breakthrough curves along the column satisfy the same growth model parameters and offer a possible explanation based on biomass-limited growth that is delayed with distance from influent of the nutrient medium. Although the mechanism causing conductivity enhancement in the presence of biomass is uncertain, our results strongly suggest that biogeochemical breakthrough curves have been captured in geoelectrical datasets.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GL038695","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Slater, L., Day-Lewis, F.D., Ntarlagiannis, D., O'Brien, M., and Yee, N., 2009, Geoelectrical measurement and modeling of biogeochemical breakthrough behavior during microbial activity: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 14, L14402; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038695.","productDescription":"L14402; 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-013008","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl038695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1746e4b0c8380cd55467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slater, L.D.","contributorId":63229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ntarlagiannis, D.","contributorId":57287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ntarlagiannis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Brien, M.","contributorId":57980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yee, N.","contributorId":56461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036977,"text":"70036977 - 2009 - Morphological variability of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from ACEX cores: Implications for late pleistocene circulation in the Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036977","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological variability of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from ACEX cores: Implications for late pleistocene circulation in the Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"Planktonic foraminifera populations were studied throughout the top 25 meters of the IODP ACEX 302 Hole 4C from the central Arctic Ocean at a resolution varying from 5cm (at the top of the record) to 10cm. Planktonic foraminifera occur in high absolute abundances only in the uppermost fifty centimetres and are dominated by the taxa Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Except for a few intermittent layers below this level, most samples are barren of calcareous microfossils. Within the topmost sediments, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma specimens present large morphological variability in the shape and number of chambers in the final whorl, chamber sphericity, size, and coiling direction. Five morphotypes were identified among the sinistral (sin.) population (Nps-1 to Nps-5), including a small form (Nps-5) that is similar to a non-encrusted normal form also previously identified in the modern Arctic Ocean water masses. Twenty five percent of the sinistral population is made up by large specimens (Nps-2, 3,4), with a maximal mean diameter larger than 250??m. Following observations made in peri-Arctic seas (Hillaire-Marcel et al. 2004), we propose that occurrence of these large-sized specimens of N. pachyderma (sin.) in the central Arctic Ocean sediments could sign North Atlantic water sub-surface penetration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Eynaud, F., Cronin, T.M., Smith, S., Zaragosi, S., Mavel, J., Mary, Y., Mas, V., and Pujol, C., 2009, Morphological variability of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from ACEX cores: Implications for late pleistocene circulation in the Arctic Ocean: Micropaleontology, v. 55, no. 2-3, p. 101-116.","startPage":"101","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e44e4b0c8380cd708fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eynaud, F.","contributorId":42425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eynaud","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S.A.","contributorId":72930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaragosi, S.","contributorId":24204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaragosi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mavel, J.","contributorId":103907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mavel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mary, Y.","contributorId":73037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mary","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mas, V.","contributorId":46341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mas","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pujol, C.","contributorId":51582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pujol","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70036983,"text":"70036983 - 2009 - REE partitioning between apatite and melt in a peralkaline volcanic suite, Kenya Rift Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036983","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"REE partitioning between apatite and melt in a peralkaline volcanic suite, Kenya Rift Valley","docAbstract":"Electron microprobe analyses are presented for fluorapatite phenocrysts from a benmoreite-peralkaline rhyolite volcanic suite from the Kenya Rift Valley. The rocks have previously been well characterized petrographically and their crystallization conditions are reasonably well known. The REE contents in the M site increase towards the rhyolites, with a maximum britholite component of ~35 mol.%. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are rather flat between La and Sm and then decrease towards Yb. Sodium and Fe occupy up to 1% and 4%, respectively, of the M site. The major coupled substitution is REE3+ + Si4+ ??? Ca2+ + P5+. The substitution REE3+ + Na+ ??? 2Ca2+ has been of minor importance. The relatively large Fe contents were perhaps facilitated by the low fo2 conditions of crystallization. Zoning is ubiquitous and resulted from both fractional crystallization and magma mixing. Apatites in some rhyolites are relatively Y-depleted, perhaps reflecting crystallization from melts which had precipitated zircon. Mineral/glass (melt) ratios for two rhyolites are unusually high, with maxima at Sm (762, 1123). ?? 2008 The Mineralogical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1147","issn":"0026461X","usgsCitation":"Macdonald, R., Baginski, B., Belkin, H., Dzierzanowski, P., and Jezak, L., 2009, REE partitioning between apatite and melt in a peralkaline volcanic suite, Kenya Rift Valley: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1147-1161, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1147.","startPage":"1147","endPage":"1161","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217807,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1147"},{"id":245779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9338e4b0c8380cd80cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macdonald, R.","contributorId":92402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baginski, B.","contributorId":80516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baginski","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzierzanowski, P.","contributorId":72235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzierzanowski","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jezak, L.","contributorId":35160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezak","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037000,"text":"70037000 - 2009 - A new method for high-resolution characterization of hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037000","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new method for high-resolution characterization of hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"A new probe has been developed for high-resolution characterization of hydraulic conductivity (K) in shallow unconsolidated formations. The probe was recently applied at the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Mississippi where K was rapidly characterized at a resolution as fine as 0.015 m, which has not previously been possible. Eleven profiles were obtained with K varying up to 7 orders of magnitude in individual profiles. Currently, high-resolution (0.015-m) profiling has an upper K limit of 10 m/d; lower-resolution (???0.4-m) mode is used in more permeable zones pending modifications. The probe presents a new means to help address unresolved issues of solute transport in heterogeneous systems. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008319","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Butler, J., Bohling, G.C., Reboulet, E., Knobbe, S., and Hyndman, D., 2009, A new method for high-resolution characterization of hydraulic conductivity: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008319.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476411,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19262","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008319"},{"id":245076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a7e4b0c8380cd467f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reboulet, Ed","contributorId":40047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reboulet","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knobbe, Steve","contributorId":44767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobbe","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hyndman, D.W.","contributorId":83318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037001,"text":"70037001 - 2009 - Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization – Chicago, Illinois, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T16:10:36","indexId":"70037001","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization – Chicago, Illinois, USA","docAbstract":"The concentrations of 45 elements in ambient (not obviously disturbed) surface soils were determined for 57 sites distributed throughout the city of Chicago, Illinois in the upper Midwestern United States. These concentrations were compared to soils from 105 sites from a largely agricultural region within a 500-km radius surrounding the city and to soils collected from 90 sites across the state of Illinois. Although the bulk composition of the Chicago urban soils reflects largely natural sources, the soils are significantly enriched in many trace elements, apparently from anthropogenic sources. The median concentration of Pb in Chicago soils is 198 mg/kg, a 13-fold enrichment compared to regional concentrations. Zinc (median 235 mg/kg), Cu (59 mg/kg), and Ni (31 mg/kg) are also enriched from 2- to 4-fold in Chicago soils and all four elements show strong mutual correlations. These elevated concentrations are most likely related to vehicular and roadway sources and represent uneven distribution across the city as airborne material. Other airborne particulate material from a combination of fossil fuel combustion, waste incineration, and steel production may contribute to apparent elevated concentrations in Chicago soil of Fe (median 2.9%), Mo (5 mg/kg), V (82 mg/kg) and S (0.09%). Chicago soils are enriched from about 1.6- to 3-fold in these elements. Enrichments in P and Se may be caused by direct addition of phosphate fertilizer to parklands, lawns and gardens. The density of the sampling (1 site per 10 km2) is inadequate to define the distribution of the observed enrichments within the city or to predict soil compositions for most of the areas between sample sites, but does provide a statistically significant signature of the history of urban and industrial activity within the city in contrast to the surrounding agricultural lands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.023","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W., and Horton, J.D., 2009, Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization – Chicago, Illinois, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1590-1601, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.023.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1590","endPage":"1601","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.023"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.94,41.64 ], [ -87.94,42.02 ], [ -87.52,42.02 ], [ -87.52,41.64 ], [ -87.94,41.64 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9202e4b08c986b319c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037002,"text":"70037002 - 2009 - Multiscale habitat selection by Ruffed Grouse at low population densities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale habitat selection by Ruffed Grouse at low population densities","docAbstract":"Theory suggests habitats should be chosen according to their relative evolutionary benefits and costs. It has been hypothesized that aspen (Populus spp.) forests provide optimal habitat for Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus). We used the low phase of a grouse population's cycle to assess the prediction that grouse should occupy aspen and avoid other forest types at low population density because of the presumptive fitness benefits of aspen. On the basis of our observations, we predict how the Ruffed Grouse population will increase in different forest types during the next cycle. In conifer (Pinus spp., Abies balsamea, Picea spp.)-dominated and mixed aspen-conifer landscapes, grouse densities were highest where forest types were evenly distributed. Within these landscapes, male Ruffed Grouse selected young aspen stands that were large and round or square. Although Ruffed Grouse selected young aspen stands strongly, contrary to prediction, they also used other forest types even when young aspen stands remained unoccupied. The relative densities of Ruffed Grouse in aspen and conifer forests indicated that the aspen forest's carrying capacities for grouse was higher than the conifer forest's at least during the low and declining phases of the grouse's cycle. On the basis of our observations, we predict that Ruffed Grouse populations in aspen-dominated landscapes will have higher population densities and fluctuate more than will populations in conifer-dominated landscapes. We suggest that studies of avian habitat selection would benefit from knowledge about the relative densities among habitats at differing population sizes because this information could provide insight into the role of habitat in regulating populations and clarify inferences from studies about habitat quality for birds. ?? 2009 by The Cooper Ornithological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080036","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, G., Gutierrez, R.J., Thogmartin, W., and Banerjee, S., 2009, Multiscale habitat selection by Ruffed Grouse at low population densities: Condor, v. 111, no. 2, p. 294-304, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080036.","startPage":"294","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476195,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080036"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6097e4b0c8380cd7156f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, G.S.","contributorId":16126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutierrez, R. J.","contributorId":7647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banerjee, S.","contributorId":74606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banerjee","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037012,"text":"70037012 - 2009 - Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"Oblique extension across strike-slip faults causes subsidence and leads to the formation of pull-apart basins such as the Salton Sea in southern California. The formation of these basins has generally been studied using laboratory experiments or numerical models. Here we combine seismic reflection data and geological observations from the Salton Sea to understand the evolution of this nascent pull-apart basin. Our data reveal the presence of a northeast-trending hinge zone that separates the sea into northern and southern sub-basins. Differential subsidence (10 mm yr 1) in the southern sub-basin suggests the existence of northwest-dipping basin-bounding faults near the southern shoreline, which may control the spatial distribution of young volcanism. Rotated and truncated strata north of the hinge zone suggest that the onset of extension associated with this pull-apart basin began after 0.5 million years ago. We suggest that slip is partitioned spatially and temporally into vertical and horizontal domains in the Salton Sea. In contrast to previous models based on historical seismicity patterns, the rapid subsidence and fault architecture that we document in the southern part of the sea are consistent with experimental models for pull-apart basins. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo590","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Driscoll, N.W., Kent, G., Harding, A., Babcock, J., and Baskin, R.L., 2009, Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 8, p. 581-584, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo590.","startPage":"581","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo590"},{"id":245301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba461e4b08c986b3202c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, D.S.","contributorId":76953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, G.M.","contributorId":34729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, A.J.","contributorId":59658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Babcock, J.M.","contributorId":50739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baskin, R. L.","contributorId":14460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037164,"text":"70037164 - 2009 - Notes on the origin of inertinite macerals in coals: Observations on the importance of fungi in the origin of macrinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037164","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the origin of inertinite macerals in coals: Observations on the importance of fungi in the origin of macrinite","docAbstract":"Macrinite is a, generally, rare inertinite maceral, often incorporating remnants and fragments of other macerals, including vitrinite, liptinite, and other inertinite. The associated inertinites include multiple forms of funginite. Funginite is also commonly found in association with vitrinite of slightly elevated reflectance and with degraded varieties of vitrinite. Together with the highly degraded macrinite, the latter two associations are here inferred to be part of a continuum of fungal and microbial degradation of peat. In any case, the origin of some macrinite is potentially distinct from that of inertinite generated by fire. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.006","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., O’Keefe, J., Watt, M., Pratt, T., Eble, C., Stucker, J., Richardson, A., and Kostova, I., 2009, Notes on the origin of inertinite macerals in coals: Observations on the importance of fungi in the origin of macrinite: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 135-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.006.","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.006"},{"id":245281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6893e4b0c8380cd738ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Keefe, J.M.K.","contributorId":21768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Keefe","given":"J.M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35685,"text":"Morehead State University, Morehead, KY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watt, M.A.","contributorId":65687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, T.J.","contributorId":59657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stucker, J.D.","contributorId":40810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stucker","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Richardson, A.R.","contributorId":24382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kostova, I.J.","contributorId":7096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostova","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037163,"text":"70037163 - 2009 - Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T19:14:24.131528","indexId":"70037163","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2459,"text":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study","docAbstract":"

Fluid catalytic cracking in an oil refinery uses a catalyst, such as an alumino-silicate zeolite, in the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons to light hydrocarbons. A small fraction of the catalyst is continually replaced with fresh catalyst to maintain activity. In North America, more than 400 tons of spent alumino-silicate equilibrium catalyst (spent e-cat), and worldwide, more than 1,100 tons, are generated daily, most of which is disposed of in landfills (municipal and on-site facilities). In this study, three spent e-cat samples were tested in a value-added application that would utilize this waste in the manufacturing of fired bricks. The results of this study indicate that spent e-cat is a technically feasible raw material substitute for the clay and shale commonly used in fired brick production. Fired bricks produced with up to 30 wt% of spent e-cat showed good physical appearance and their water absorption properties met the ASTM C 62 specifications for building bricks of either the moderate- or severe-weathering grade.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","doi":"10.5276/JSWTM.2009.200","issn":"10881697","usgsCitation":"Chou, M., Chen, L., Lai, Y., and Chou, S., 2009, Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study: Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, v. 35, no. 4, p. 200-208, https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2009.200.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"208","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c37e4b0c8380cd69abf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, M.-L.","contributorId":54440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"M.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, L.-M.","contributorId":18602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"L.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lai, Y.-C.","contributorId":101121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Y.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, S.-F.","contributorId":69819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"S.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037158,"text":"70037158 - 2009 - Timing of breeding and reproductive performance in murres and kittiwakes reflect mismatched seasonal prey dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:15:39","indexId":"70037158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing of breeding and reproductive performance in murres and kittiwakes reflect mismatched seasonal prey dynamics","docAbstract":"Seabirds are thought to time breeding to match the seasonal peak of food availability with peak chick energetic demands, but warming ocean temperatures have altered the timing of spring events, creating the potential for mismatches. The resilience of seabird populations to climate change depends on their ability to anticipate changes in the timing and magnitude of peak food availability and 'fine-tune' efforts to match ('Anticipation Hypothesis'). The degree that inter-annual variation in seabird timing of breeding and reproductive performance represents anticipated food availability versus energetic constraints ('Constraint Hypothesis') is poorly understood. We examined the relative merits of the Constraint and Anticipation Hypotheses by testing 2 predictions of the Constraint Hypothesis: (1) seabird timing of breeding is related to food availability prior to egg laying rather than the date of peak food availability, (2) initial reproductive output (e.g. laying success, clutch size) is related to pre-lay food availability rather than anticipated chick-rearing food availability. We analyzed breeding biology data of common murres Uria aalge and black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and 2 proxies of the seasonal dynamics of their food availability (near-shore forage fish abundance and sea-surface temperature) at 2 colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA, from 1996 to 1999. Our results support the Constraint Hypothesis: (1) for both species, egg laying was later in years with warmer sea-surface temperature and lower food availability prior to egg laying, but was not related to the date of peak food availability, (2) pre-egg laying food availability explained variation in kittiwake laying success and clutch size. Murre reproductive success was best explained by food availability during chick rearing. ?? 2009 Inter-Research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps08136","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Shultz, M., Piatt, J.F., Harding, A., Kettle, A.B., and van Pelt, T.I., 2009, Timing of breeding and reproductive performance in murres and kittiwakes reflect mismatched seasonal prey dynamics: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 393, p. 247-258, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08136.","startPage":"247","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476272,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08136","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08136"}],"volume":"393","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3eee4b08c986b326085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shultz, M.T.","contributorId":62006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harding, A.M.A.","contributorId":29088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037014,"text":"70037014 - 2009 - The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T13:47:42","indexId":"70037014","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences","docAbstract":"

Most current climate-carbon cycle models that include the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle are based on a model developed 40 years ago by Woodwell & Whittaker (1968) and omit advances in biogeochemical understanding since that time. Their model treats net C emissions from ecosystems as the balance between net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (HR, i.e. primarily decomposition).

\n

Under conditions near steady state, geographic patterns of decomposition closely match those of NPP, and net C emissions are adequately described as a simple balance of NPP and HR (the Woodwell-Whittaker model). This close coupling between NPP and HR occurs largely because of tight coupling between C and N (nitrogen) cycles and because NPP constrains the food available to heterotrophs.

\n

Processes in addition to NPP and HR become important to understanding net C emissions from ecosystems under conditions of rapid changes in climate, hydrology, atmospheric CO2, land cover, species composition and/or N deposition. Inclusion of these processes in climate-C cycle models would improve their capacity to simulate recent and future climatic change.

\n

Processes that appear critical to soil C dynamics but warrant further research before incorporation into ecosystem models include below-ground C flux and its partitioning among roots, mycorrhizas and exudates; microbial community effects on C sequestration; and the effects of temperature and labile C on decomposition. The controls over and consequences of these processes are still unclear at the ecosystem scale.

\n

Carbon fluxes in addition to NPP and HR exert strong influences over the climate system under conditions of rapid change. These fluxes include methane release, wildfire, and lateral transfers of food and fibre among ecosystems.

\n

Water and energy exchanges are important complements to C cycle feedbacks to the climate system, particularly under non-steady-state conditions. An integrated understanding of multiple ecosystem-climate feedbacks provides a strong foundation for policies to mitigate climate change.

\n

Synthesis. Current climate systems models that include only NPP and HR are inadequate under conditions of rapid change. Many of the recent advances in biogeochemical understanding are sufficiently mature to substantially improve representation of ecosystem C dynamics in these models.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Chapin, F.S., McFarland, J., McGuire, D.A., Euskirchen, E., Ruess, R.W., and Kielland, K., 2009, The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences: Journal of Ecology, v. 97, no. 5, p. 840-850, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"840","endPage":"850","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476286,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa16e4b08c986b322706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, F. S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, J.","contributorId":7112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, David A.","contributorId":44677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euskirchen, E.S.","contributorId":44737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kielland, K.","contributorId":98932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kielland","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037031,"text":"70037031 - 2009 - Bioenergetic model estimates of interannual and spatial patterns in consumption demand and growth potential of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037031","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergetic model estimates of interannual and spatial patterns in consumption demand and growth potential of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"A bioenergetic model of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was used to estimate daily prey consumption and growth potential of four ocean habitats in the Gulf of Alaska during 2001 and 2002. Growth potential was not significantly higher in 2002 than in 2001 at an alpha level of 0.05 (P=0.073). Average differences in growth potential across habitats were minimal (slope habitat=0.844 g d-1, shelf habitat=0.806 g d-1, offshore habitat=0.820 g d-1, and nearshore habitat=0.703 g d-1) and not significantly different (P=0.630). Consumption demand differed significantly between hatchery and wild stocks (P=0.035) when examined within year due to the interaction between hatchery verses wild origin and year. However, the overall effect of origin across years was not significant (P=0.705) due to similar total amounts of prey consumed by all juvenile pink salmon in both study years. We anticipated that years in which ocean survival was high would have had high growth potential, but this relationship did not prove to be true. Therefore, modeled growth potential may not be useful as a tool for forecasting survival of Prince William Sound hatchery pink salmon stocks. Significant differences in consumption demand and a two-fold difference in nearshore abundance during 2001 of hatchery and wild pink salmon confirmed the existence of strong and variable interannual competition and the importance of the nearshore region as being a potential competitive bottleneck.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.03.005","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Moss, J., Beauchamp, D., Cross, A., Farley, E., Murphy, J., Helle, J., Walker, R., and Myers, K., 2009, Bioenergetic model estimates of interannual and spatial patterns in consumption demand and growth potential of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Gulf of Alaska: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 56, no. 24, p. 2553-2559, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.03.005.","startPage":"2553","endPage":"2559","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.03.005"},{"id":245141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f14ce4b0c8380cd4ab84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, J.H.","contributorId":38772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, D.A.","contributorId":54397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, A.D.","contributorId":71381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farley, E.V.","contributorId":51168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helle, J.H.","contributorId":33522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helle","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walker, R.V.","contributorId":78998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Myers, K.W.","contributorId":36725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037060,"text":"70037060 - 2009 - Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037060","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization","docAbstract":"We have revisited the problem of mapping depth to the Curie temperature isotherm from magnetic anomalies in an attempt to provide a measure of crustal temperatures in the western United States. Such methods are based on the estimation of the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, which is assumed to correspond to the temperature at which rocks lose their spontaneous magnetization. In this study, we test and apply a method based on the spectral analysis of magnetic anomalies. Early spectral analysis methods assumed that crustal magnetization is a completely uncorrelated function of position. Our method incorporates a more realistic representation where magnetization has a fractal distribution defined by three independent parameters: the depths to the top and bottom of magnetic sources and a fractal parameter related to the geology. The predictions of this model are compatible with radial power spectra obtained from aeromagnetic data in the western United States. Model parameters are mapped by estimating their value within a sliding window swept over the study area. The method works well on synthetic data sets when one of the three parameters is specified in advance. The application of this method to western United States magnetic compilations, assuming a constant fractal parameter, allowed us to detect robust long-wavelength variations in the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources. Depending on the geologic and geophysical context, these features may result from variations in depth to the Curie temperature isotherm, depth to the mantle, depth to the base of volcanic rocks, or geologic settings that affect the value of the fractal parameter. Depth to the bottom of magnetic sources shows several features correlated with prominent heat flow anomalies. It also shows some features absent in the map of heat flow. Independent geophysical and geologic data sets are examined to determine their origin, thereby providing new insights on the thermal and geologic crustal structure of the western United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006494","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bouligand, C., Glen, J., and Blakely, R., 2009, Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006494.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476228,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00498534","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217244,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006494"},{"id":245174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5044e4b0c8380cd6b574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouligand, C.","contributorId":55928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouligand","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, J.M.G.","contributorId":38330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"J.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037393,"text":"70037393 - 2009 - Factors influencing tropical island freshwater fishes:Species, status, and management implications in puerto rico [Factores que influencian a los peces tropicales de agua dulce: Especies, estado actual e implicaciones para el manejo en Puerto Rico]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037393","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing tropical island freshwater fishes:Species, status, and management implications in puerto rico [Factores que influencian a los peces tropicales de agua dulce: Especies, estado actual e implicaciones para el manejo en Puerto Rico]","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic effects including river regulation, watershed development, contamination, and fish introductions have substantially affected the majority of freshwater habitats in Europe and North America. This pattern of resource development and degradation is widespread in the tropics, and often little is known about the resources before they are lost. This article describes the freshwater resources of Puerto Rico and identifies factors that threaten conservation of native fishes. The fishes found in freshwater habitats of Puerto Rico represent a moderately diverse assemblage composed of 14 orders, 29 families, and 82 species. There are fewer than 10 species of native peripherally-freshwater fish that require a link to marine systems. Introductions of nonindigenous species have greatly expanded fish diversity in freshwater systems, and native estuarine and marine species (18 families) also commonly enter lowland rivers and brackish lagoons. Environmental alterations, including land use and development, stream channelization, pollution, and the impoundment of rivers, combined with nonnative species introductions threaten the health and sustainability of aquatic resources in Puerto Rico. Six principal areas for attention that are important influences on the current and future status of the freshwater fish resources of Puerto Rico are identified and discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Spanish","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Wesley, N.J., Lilyestrom, C.G., and Kwak, T., 2009, Factors influencing tropical island freshwater fishes:Species, status, and management implications in puerto rico [Factores que influencian a los peces tropicales de agua dulce: Especies, estado actual e implicaciones para el manejo en Puerto Rico]: Fisheries, v. 34, no. 11, p. 546-554.","startPage":"546","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ed0e4b0c8380cd5363d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesley, Neal J.","contributorId":55667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesley","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilyestrom, Craig G.","contributorId":54821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilyestrom","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037394,"text":"70037394 - 2009 - Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037394","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia","docAbstract":"We investigate high thermal inertia surfaces using the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) nighttime temperature images (100 m/pixel spatial sampling). For this study, we interpret any pixel in a THEMIS image with a thermal inertia over 1200 J m-2 K-1 s-1/2 as \"bedrock\" which represents either in situ rock exposures or rock-dominated surfaces. Three distinct morphologies, ranked from most to least common, are associated with these high thermal inertia surfaces: (1) valley and crater walls associated with mass wasting and high surface slope angles; (2) floors of craters with diameters >25 km and containing melt or volcanics associated with larger, high-energy impacts; and (3) intercrater surfaces with compositions significantly more mafic than the surrounding regolith. In general, bedrock instances on Mars occur as small exposures (less than several square kilometers) situated in lower-albedo (<0.18), moderate to high thermal inertia (>350 J m-2 K-1 s-1/2), and relatively dust-free (dust cover index <0.95) regions; however, there are instances that do not follow these generalizations. Most instances are concentrated in the southern highlands, with very few located at high latitudes (poleward of 45oN and 58oS), suggesting enhanced mechanical breakdown probably associated with permafrost. Overall, Mars has very little exposed bedrock with only 960 instances identified from 75oS to 75oN with likely <3500 km2 exposed, representing???1% of the total surface area. These data indicate that Mars has likely undergone large-scale surface processing and reworking, both chemically and mechanically, either destroying or masking a majority of the bedrock exposures on the planet. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009JE003363","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Edwards, C., Bandfield, J., Christensen, P.R., and Fergason, R., 2009, Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003363.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217098,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003363"},{"id":245015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2942e4b0c8380cd5a7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, C.S.","contributorId":35986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fergason, R.L.","contributorId":13786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fergason","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037061,"text":"70037061 - 2009 - Thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T14:17:12","indexId":"70037061","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments","docAbstract":"

A thorough understanding of the thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments is necessary for evaluating phase transformation processes that would accompany energy production from gas hydrate deposits and for estimating regional heat flow based on the observed depth to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. The coexistence of multiple phases (gas hydrate, liquid and gas pore fill, and solid sediment grains) and their complex spatial arrangement hinder the a priori prediction of the thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments. Previous studies have been unable to capture the full parameter space covered by variations in grain size, specific surface, degree of saturation, nature of pore filling material, and effective stress for hydrate-bearing samples. Here we report on systematic measurements of the thermal conductivity of air dry, water- and tetrohydrofuran (THF)-saturated, and THF hydrate–saturated sand and clay samples at vertical effective stress of 0.05 to 1 MPa (corresponding to depths as great as 100 m below seafloor). Results reveal that the bulk thermal conductivity of the samples in every case reflects a complex interplay among particle size, effective stress, porosity, and fluid-versus-hydrate filled pore spaces. The thermal conductivity of THF hydrate–bearing soils increases upon hydrate formation although the thermal conductivities of THF solution and THF hydrate are almost the same. Several mechanisms can contribute to this effect including cryogenic suction during hydrate crystal growth and the ensuing porosity reduction in the surrounding sediment, increased mean effective stress due to hydrate formation under zero lateral strain conditions, and decreased interface thermal impedance as grain-liquid interfaces are transformed into grain-hydrate interfaces.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006235","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cortes, D.D., Martin, A.I., Yun, T.S., Francisca, F.M., Santamarina, J.C., and Ruppel, C.D., 2009, Thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 11, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006235.","productDescription":"Article B11103; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-013375","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476283,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb006235","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217245,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006235"},{"id":245175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb217e4b08c986b3255c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cortes, Douglas D.","contributorId":196028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cortes","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Ana I.","contributorId":196030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yun, Tae Sup","contributorId":196031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yun","given":"Tae","email":"","middleInitial":"Sup","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Francisca, Franco M.","contributorId":196029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francisca","given":"Franco","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Santamarina, J. Carlos","contributorId":189401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037398,"text":"70037398 - 2009 - Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T20:42:48.335062","indexId":"70037398","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream","docAbstract":"

Nutrient cycling and export in streams and rivers should vary with flow regime, yet most studies of stream nutrient transformation do not include hydrologic variability. We used a stable isotope tracer of nitrogen (15N) to measure nitrate (NO3−) uptake, storage, and export in a mountain stream, Spring Creek, Idaho, U.S.A. We conducted two tracer tests of 2‐week duration during snowmelt and baseflow. Dissolved and particulate forms of 15N were monitored over three seasons to test the hypothesis that stream N cycling would be dominated by export during floods, and storage during low flow. Floods exported more N than during baseflow conditions; however, snowmelt floods had higher than expected demand for NO3− because of hyporheic exchange. residence times of benthic N during both tracer tests were longer than 100 d for ephemeral pools such as benthic algae and wood biofilms. Residence times were much longer in fine detritus, insects, and the particulate N from the hyporheic zone, showing that assimilation and hydrologic storage can be important mechanisms for retaining particulate N. Of the tracer N stored in the stream, the primary form of export was via seston during periods of high flows, produced by summer rainstorms or spring snowmelt the following year. Spring Creek is not necessarily a conduit for nutrients during high flow; hydrologic exchange between the stream and its valley represents an important storage mechanism.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Baker, M.A., Arp, C., and Kocha, B., 2009, Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 54, no. 6, p. 2128-2142, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2128","endPage":"2142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Spring Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a35a8e4b0c8380cd600e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.O.","contributorId":94890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, M. A.","contributorId":94849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocha, B.J.","contributorId":69818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocha","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148355,"text":"70148355 - 2009 - Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T09:29:03","indexId":"70148355","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis","docAbstract":"

Identification of the sediment transport patterns and pathways is essential for sustainable coastal zone management of the heavily modified coastline of Santa Barbara and Ventura County (California, USA). A process-based model application, based on Delft3D Online Morphology, is used to investigate the littoral transport potential along the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell (between Point Conception and Mugu Canyon). An advanced optimalization procedure is applied to enable annual sediment transport computations by reducing the ocean wave climate in 10 wave height - direction classes. Modeled littoral transport rates compare well with observed dredging volumes, and erosion or sedimentation hotspots coincide with the modeled divergence and convergence of the transport gradients. Sediment transport rates are strongly dependent on the alongshore variation in wave height due to wave sheltering, diffraction and focusing by the Northern Channel Islands, and the local orientation of the geologically-controlled coastline. Local transport gradients exceed the net eastward littoral transport, and are considered a primary driver for hot-spot erosion.

","conferenceTitle":"10th International Coastal Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 13-18, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Lisbon, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Elias, E.P., Barnard, P.L., and Brocatus, J., 2009, Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 56, p. 947-951.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010918","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300906,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cerf-jcr.org/index.php/international-coastal-symposium/ics-2009portugal/1328-littoral-transport-rates-in-the-santa-barbara-littoral-cell-a-process-based-model-analysis-epl-elias-pl-barnard-and-j-brocatus"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Littoral Cell","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.41702270507812,\n 34.453350878522286\n ],\n [\n -120.23162841796875,\n 34.472599425831355\n ],\n [\n -120.12725830078125,\n 34.47373155509983\n ],\n [\n -120.08605957031249,\n 34.46127728843705\n ],\n [\n -120.05447387695311,\n 34.46467409091155\n ],\n [\n -120.01121520996094,\n 34.46099421532544\n ],\n [\n -119.9604034423828,\n 34.43862840686652\n ],\n [\n -119.9483871459961,\n 34.43466422118617\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -119.87869262695312,\n 34.40804267622734\n ],\n [\n -119.84230041503906,\n 34.40464357107097\n ],\n [\n -119.83646392822266,\n 34.41569015785019\n ],\n [\n -119.78942871093749,\n 34.418239163003484\n ],\n [\n -119.72351074218749,\n 34.39671178864245\n ],\n [\n -119.70016479492188,\n 34.39671178864245\n ],\n [\n -119.67475891113281,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -119.60266113281249,\n 34.420504880133834\n ],\n [\n -119.55665588378905,\n 34.414840472199934\n ],\n [\n -119.51408386230469,\n 34.38821261603411\n ],\n [\n -119.48387145996094,\n 34.38197934098774\n ],\n [\n -119.388427734375,\n 34.3207552752374\n ],\n [\n -119.36782836914061,\n 34.32188946052673\n ],\n [\n -119.32388305664064,\n 34.28331856338139\n ],\n [\n -119.28268432617188,\n 34.27253823511796\n ],\n [\n -119.26963806152344,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -119.26551818847656,\n 34.22826766646368\n ],\n [\n -119.22706604003905,\n 34.156136287732515\n ],\n [\n -119.31015014648438,\n 34.0833745509365\n ],\n [\n -119.55871582031251,\n 34.21180215769026\n ],\n [\n -119.70840454101561,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -120.39916992187499,\n 34.250405862125\n ],\n [\n -120.41702270507812,\n 34.453350878522286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"Special Issue 56","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55698de3e4b0d9246a9f64a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, E. P. L.","contributorId":140983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P. L.","affiliations":[{"id":12474,"text":"Deltares, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":140982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocatus, John","contributorId":66800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocatus","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164330,"text":"70164330 - 2009 - Identification guide to skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and adjacent regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T11:25:34","indexId":"70164330","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"2850","subseriesTitle":"Candian technical report of fisheries and aquatic sciences","title":"Identification guide to skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and adjacent regions","docAbstract":"

Ecosystem-based management requires sound information on the distribution and abundance of species both common and rare. Therefore, the accurate identification for all marine species has assumed a much greater importance. The identification of many skate species is difficult as several are easily confused and has been found to be problematic in both survey data and fisheries data collection. Identification guides, in combination with training and periodic validation of taxonomic information, improve our accuracy in monitoring data required for ecosystem-based management and monitoring of populations. This guide offers a comparative synthesis of skate species known to occur in Atlantic Canada and adjacent regions. The taxonomic nomenclature and descriptions of key morphological features are based on the most up-to-date understanding of diversity among these species. Although this information will aid the user in accurate identification, some features vary geographically (such as colour) and others with life stage (most notably the proportion of tail length to body length; the presence of spines either sharper in juveniles or in some cases not yet present; and also increases in the number of tooth rows as species grow into maturity). Additional information on juvenile features are needed to facilitate problematic identifications (e.g. L. erinacea vs. L. ocellata). Information on size at maturity is still required for many of these species throughout their geographic distribution.

","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K.J., MacWhirter, P.D., Luke, K., Norem, A., Miller, J., Cooper, J., and Harris, L., 2009, Identification guide to skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and adjacent regions, viii, 34 p.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fe0e4b010e2af2a5ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacWhirter, P. D.","contributorId":156252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacWhirter","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luke, K.E.","contributorId":106347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luke","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norem, A.D.","contributorId":20576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norem","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, J.M.","contributorId":88219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, J.A.","contributorId":57005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harris, L.E.","contributorId":70476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70196103,"text":"70196103 - 2009 - 18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T10:26:30","indexId":"70196103","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763.","docAbstract":"

Arctostaphylos is richly diverse and taxonomically challenging. Unequivocal fossils appear as far back as the middle Miocene. Many pulses of diversification and decimation may have taken place in the genus since then; evidence suggests that there has been a rapid radiation in the last 1.5 million years. Some morphological features are not clearly differentiated among taxa and appear to be mosaically distributed.

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that Arctostaphylos is a terminal branch within Arbutoideae. Arctous is treated here as a separate genus, as it is likely sister to Arctostaphylos. Only one species of Arctostaphylos, A. uva-ursi, is found outside of western North America, Mexico, and Guatemala. Taxa are concentrated within the California Floristic Province (southern Oregon to northern Baja California, Mexico) with the greatest diversity along the central California coast, where over half of the taxa are found. Along the immediate California coastline, most Arctostaphylos species are found within vegetation strongly influenced by summer fog, either within maritime chaparral, as a forest-edge species, or as part of a closed-cone conifer woodland and forest. Away from the coast, Arctostaphylos species are distributed to the desert edge in chaparral woodlands and forests.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flora of North America","language":"English","publisher":"eFloras","usgsCitation":"Parker, V.T., Vasey, M.C., and Keeley, J.E., 2009, 18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763., chap. of Flora of North America, v. 8, p. 406-406.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"406","ipdsId":"IP-095995","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352637,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=102495"},{"id":352655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"8","publicComments":"This publication is a section (taxon ID 102495) of Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae, of the Flora of North America reference series. ","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefaa4e4b0da30c1bfca44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, V. Thomas","contributorId":167557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":24748,"text":"San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vasey, Michael C.","contributorId":167558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24748,"text":"San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148354,"text":"70148354 - 2009 - Linking human impacts within an estuary to ebb-tidal delta evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T09:44:19","indexId":"70148354","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking human impacts within an estuary to ebb-tidal delta evolution","docAbstract":"

San Francisco Bay, California, USA is among the most anthropogenically altered estuaries in the entire United States, but the impact on sediment transport to the coastal ocean has not been quantified. Analysis of four historic bathymetric surveys has revealed large changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar, an ebb-tidal delta at the mouth of the San Francisco Bay. From 1873 to 2005 the bar eroded an average of 80 cm, which equates to a total volume loss of 100 + 65 x 106 m3 of sediment. Comparison of the surveys indicates the entire ebb delta has contracted radially while its crest has moved landward an average of 1 km. Compilation of historic records reveals that 130 x 106 m3 of sediment has been permanently removed from the San Francisco Bay and adjacent coastal ocean. Constriction of the bar is hypothesized to be from a decrease in sediment supply from San Francisco Bay, a reduction in the tidal prism of the estuary, and/or a reduction in the input of hydraulic mining debris. Changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar have likely altered wave refraction and focusing patterns on adjacent beaches and may be a factor in persistent beach erosion occurring in the area.

","conferenceTitle":"10th International Coastal Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 13-18, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Lisbon, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Dallas, K.L., and Barnard, P.L., 2009, Linking human impacts within an estuary to ebb-tidal delta evolution: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 56, p. 713-716.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010997","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300905,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cerf-jcr.org/index.php/international-coastal-symposium/ics-2009portugal/1281-linking-human-impacts-within-an-estuary-to-ebb-tidal-delta-evolution-k-l-dallas-and-p-l-barnard"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bar, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53189086914061,\n 37.816835914940846\n ],\n [\n -122.57789611816405,\n 37.85859141570558\n ],\n [\n -122.62321472167969,\n 37.83798775896512\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.80544394934271\n ],\n [\n -122.65068054199219,\n 37.7674580382297\n ],\n [\n -122.62733459472655,\n 37.73108180994824\n ],\n [\n -122.57720947265624,\n 37.71044257039145\n ],\n [\n -122.50648498535156,\n 37.7071832174446\n ],\n [\n -122.51747131347655,\n 37.77777043035903\n ],\n [\n -122.53189086914061,\n 37.816835914940846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"Special Issue 56","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55698de1e4b0d9246a9f64a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dallas, Kate L.","contributorId":140981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dallas","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":140982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198244,"text":"70198244 - 2009 - The July-August 2008 hydrovolcanic eruption of Okmok Volcano, Umnak Island, Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T12:06:06","indexId":"70198244","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5785,"text":"Alaska Geological Society Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The July-August 2008 hydrovolcanic eruption of Okmok Volcano, Umnak Island, Alaska ","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Neal, C.A., Larsen, J.F., and Schaefer, J., 2009, The July-August 2008 hydrovolcanic eruption of Okmok Volcano, Umnak Island, Alaska : Alaska Geological Society Newsletter, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.alaskageology.org/documents/0809/AGSJanuary08AbstractNeal.pdf"},{"id":356016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umnak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": 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tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":740715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Jessica F.","contributorId":200930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, Janet","contributorId":199547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034683,"text":"70034683 - 2009 - Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T15:38:38","indexId":"70034683","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity","docAbstract":"

This paper presents repeat field measurements of 222Rn and 223,224,226,228Ra, electromagnetic seepage meter-derived advective fluxes, and multi-electrode, stationary and continuous marine resistivity surveys collected between November 2005 and April 2007 to study coastal groundwater dynamics within a marine beach in Santa Barbara, California. The study provides insight into magnitude and dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated nutrient loadings into near-shore coastal waters, where the predominant SGD drivers can be both spatially and temporally separated.

Rn-222 and 223,224,226,228Ra were utilized to quantify the total and saline contribution, respectively, of SGD. The two short-lived 224,223Ra isotopes provided an estimate of apparent near-shore water mass age, as well as an estimate of the Ra-derived eddy diffusion coefficient, Kh (224Ra = 2.86 ± 0.7 m2 s−1; 223Ra = 1.32 ± 0.5 m2 s−1). Because 222Rn (t½ = 3.8 day) and 224Ra (t½ = 3.66 day) have comparable half-lives and production terms, they were used in concert to examine respective water column removal rates. Electromagnetic seepage meters recorded the physical, bi-directional exchange across the sediment/water interface, which ranged from −6.7 to 14.5 cm day−1, depending on the sampling period and position relative to the low tide line. Multi-day time-series 222Rn measurements in the near-shore water column yielded total (saline + fresh) SGD rates that ranged from 3.1 ± 2.6 to 9.2 ± 0.8 cm day−1, depending on the sampling season. Offshore 226Ra (t½ = 1600 year) and 222Rn gradients were used with the calculated Kh values to determine seabed flux estimates (dpm m−2 day−1), which were then converted into SGD rates (7.1 and 7.9 cm day−1, respectively). Lastly, SGD rates were used to calculate associated nutrient loads for the near-shore coastal waters off Santa Barbara. Depending on both the season and the SGD method utilized, the following SGD-derived nutrient inputs were computed (mol per day per meter of shoreline): NH4+ = 0.06–0.29 mol day−1 m−1; SiO4 = 0.22–0.29 mol day−1 m−1; PO43−= 0.04–0.17 mol day−1 m−1; [NO2− + NO3−] = 0–0.52 mol day−1 m−1; dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) = 0.01–0.17 mol day−1 m−1, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) = 0.08–0.09 mol day−1 m−1. Compared to the ephemeral nature of fluvial and marine inputs into this region, such SGD-derived loadings can provide a sustained source of select nutrients to the coastal waters off Santa Barbara, California that should be accounted for in mass balance estimates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., and Izbicki, J., 2009, Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 83, no. 1, p. 77-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"77","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barbara","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.693611,34.391111 ], [ -119.693611,34.420833 ], [ -119.670833,34.420833 ], [ -119.670833,34.391111 ], [ -119.693611,34.391111 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f783e4b0c8380cd4cb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035482,"text":"70035482 - 2009 - Influences of high-flow events on a stream channel altered by construction of a highway bridge: A case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T15:06:53","indexId":"70035482","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of high-flow events on a stream channel altered by construction of a highway bridge: A case study","docAbstract":"

Impacts of highway construction on streams in the central Appalachians are a growing concern as new roads are created to promote tourism and economic development in the area. Alterations to the streambed of a first-order stream, Sauerkraut Run, Hardy County, WV, during construction of a highway overpass included placement and removal of a temporary culvert, straightening and regrading of a section of stream channel, and armourment of a bank with a reinforced gravel berm. We surveyed longitudinal profiles and cross sections in a reference reach and the altered reach of Sauerkraut Run from 2003 through 2007 to measure physical changes in the streambed. During the four-year period, three high-flow events changed the streambed downstream of construction including channel widening and aggradation and then degradation of the streambed. Upstream of construction, at a reinforced gravel berm, bank erosion was documented. The reference section remained relatively unchanged. Knowledge gained by documenting channel changes in response to natural and anthropogenic variables can be useful for managers and engineers involved in highway construction projects.

","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/045.016.n306","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Hedrick, L.B., Welsh, S.A., and Anderson, J.T., 2009, Influences of high-flow events on a stream channel altered by construction of a highway bridge: A case study: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 16, no. 3, p. 375-394, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.016.n306.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"394","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009705","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Hardy County","otherGeospatial":"Sauerkraut 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,{"id":70034594,"text":"70034594 - 2009 - Comparison of recharge estimates at a small watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034594","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of recharge estimates at a small watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"The common recommendation that recharge should be estimated from multiple methods is sound, but the inherent differences of the methods make it difficult to assess the accuracy of differing results. In this study, four methods for estimating groundwater recharge and two methods for estimating base flow (as a proxy for recharge) are compared at two hydrologic research sites in east-central Pennsylvania, USA. Results from the multiple methods all provided reasonable estimates of groundwater recharge that differed considerably. The estimates of mean annual recharge for the period 1994-2001 ranged from 22.9 to 35.7 cm - about 45% of the mean of all estimates. For individual years, recharge estimates from the multiple methods ranged from 30 to 42% of the mean value during the dry years and 64 to 76% of the mean value during wet years. Comparison of multiple methods was found to be useful for determining the range of plausible recharge rates and highlighting the uncertainty of the estimates. ?? US Government 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0406-y","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., Gburek, W., and Folmar, G., 2009, Comparison of recharge estimates at a small watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 2, p. 287-298, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0406-y.","startPage":"287","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215595,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0406-y"},{"id":243409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f887e4b0c8380cd4d179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, D. 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