{"pageNumber":"206","pageRowStart":"5125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11364,"records":[{"id":1013417,"text":"1013417 - 2000 - Foods of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during winter and spring in western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T17:11:43.538314","indexId":"1013417","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Foods of arctic foxes (<i>Alopex lagopus</i>) during winter and spring in western Alaska","title":"Foods of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during winter and spring in western Alaska","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">During 1986–1991, carcasses of 619 arctic foxes (<i>Alopex lagopus</i>) collected from local trappers and at biological field camps on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska from November through May were analyzed to determine gastrointestinal contents, age, sex, and body condition. Prey in declining order of importance were small mammals (95% tundra voles,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Microtus oeconomus</i>), birds, marine mammals, and fishes. Foxes with small mammal remains in their stomachs were captured farther from the Bering Sea coast (<i>X̄</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5.2 km) than those without small-mammal remains (2.8 km); foxes consuming remains of marine mammals were closer to the coast (1.9 km) than others (4.9 km). Although eggshells had a poor likelihood of occurrence in stomachs, they were found in all months and years. In 1986 and 1987, foxes consumed fewer small mammals than in other years. Mean ages of foxes captured in 1986 (3.7 years) and 1987 (3.2) were greater than in all other years (1.5). Capture of adults was more common as winter progressed. Indexes of subcutaneous fat decreased annually in April–May and were highest in 1991, when occurrence of carrion of marine mammals was highest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0820:FOAFAL>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anthony, M., Barten, N., and Seiser, P., 2000, Foods of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during winter and spring in western Alaska: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 81, no. 3, p. 820-828, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0820:FOAFAL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"820","endPage":"828","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0820:foafal>2.3.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.7342529296875,\n              62.08845808493408\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.8331298828125,\n              61.96994329935749\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6903076171875,\n              61.8665112570728\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.1737060546875,\n              61.82763395319926\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.97595214843747,\n              61.66902436927201\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.22314453125,\n              61.65598732543086\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.2176513671875,\n              61.54625879879804\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.0968017578125,\n              61.462394960037244\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.97595214843747,\n              61.530551549680816\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.816650390625,\n              61.478136657279336\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.014404296875,\n              61.4361411140723\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.9320068359375,\n              61.29926430596724\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6903076171875,\n              61.26495144723964\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6298828125,\n              61.079544234557304\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.322265625,\n              61.04765058603108\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.30029296875,\n              61.119366155705585\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.146484375,\n              61.03169171684717\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.2288818359375,\n              60.973107109199404\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.1080322265625,\n              60.88770004207789\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.9652099609375,\n              60.919754532399686\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.89929199218747,\n              60.92776312080081\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.8443603515625,\n              60.879681383571096\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.6246337890625,\n              60.92242428555193\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.5697021484375,\n              60.847586595361314\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.674072265625,\n              62.09617128406539\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.7342529296875,\n              62.08845808493408\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, M.","contributorId":41373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barten, N.K.","contributorId":99526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barten","given":"N.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seiser, P.E.","contributorId":96649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiser","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013419,"text":"1013419 - 2000 - Genetic contribution of three introduced life history forms of sockeye salmon to colonization of Frazer Lake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:22","indexId":"1013419","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic contribution of three introduced life history forms of sockeye salmon to colonization of Frazer Lake, Alaska","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burger, C.V., Scribner, K., Spearmen, W., Swanton, C., and Campton, D., 2000, Genetic contribution of three introduced life history forms of sockeye salmon to colonization of Frazer Lake, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, p. 2096-2111.","productDescription":"pp. 2096-2111","startPage":"2096","endPage":"2111","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burger, C. V.","contributorId":58219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spearmen, W.J.","contributorId":85131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spearmen","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanton, C.O.","contributorId":29365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanton","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campton, D.E.","contributorId":104860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campton","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185320,"text":"70185320 - 2000 - Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T13:22:35","indexId":"70185320","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined effects of season, time of day, tide stage, tidal oscillation, and sea surface temperature on Marbled Murrelet (<i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>) abundance and distribution at sea. We also evaluated whether constraining surveys to specific time periods or tide stages would reduce temporal variability in counts. Murrelets were surveyed daily from small boats and from shore in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August in 1992 and 1993. Murrelet numbers were high before egg-laying, declined by more than half during egg-laying and incubation and were highly variable during chick-rearing and fledging. Murrelet numbers were highest in early and late morning and declined throughout the day, sometimes increasing slightly in the evening. Peak murrelet numbers occurred on high or falling morning tides, especially in shallow areas where Pacific sand lance (<i>Ammodytes hexapterus</i>) were abundant. Differences between years in murrelet abundance and breeding phenology probably resulted from interannual differences in the pattern of seasonal warming and subsequent effects on production at lower trophic levels. We recommend that surveys for trends in abundance in Southeast Alaska be conducted in early morning, in June, at high or falling tides. Power analyses indicated that surveys conducted in this manner would minimize the number of years required to detect a significant change in abundance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1522174","usgsCitation":"Speckman, S., Springer, A.M., Piatt, J.F., and Thomas, D., 2000, Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 3, p. 364-377, https://doi.org/10.2307/1522174.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Auke Bay, Fritz Cove","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -134.71023559570312,\n              58.30750484708284\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.60037231445312,\n              58.30750484708284\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.60037231445312,\n              58.38965714104483\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.71023559570312,\n              58.38965714104483\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.71023559570312,\n              58.30750484708284\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f67371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, Alan M. ams@ims.uaf.edu","contributorId":172461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Alan","email":"ams@ims.uaf.edu","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Dana","contributorId":187556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182193,"text":"70182193 - 2000 - Magma storage and mixing conditions for the 1953-1974 eruption of Southwest Trident volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:09:42","indexId":"70182193","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma storage and mixing conditions for the 1953-1974 eruption of Southwest Trident volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Between 1953 and 1974, approximately 0.5 km</span><sup>3</sup><span> of andesite and dacite erupted from a new vent on the southwest flank of Trident volcano in Katmai National Park, Alaska, forming an edifice now known as Southwest (or New) Trident. Field, analytical, and experimental evidence shows that the eruption commenced soon after mixing of dacite and andesite magmas at shallow crustal levels. Four lava flows (58.3–65.5 wt% SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) are the dominant products of the eruption; these contain discrete andesitic enclaves (55.8–58.9 wt% SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) as well as micro- and macro-scale compositional banding. Tephra from the eruption spans the same compositional range as lava flows; however, andesite scoria (56–58.1 wt% SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) is more abundant relative to dacite tephra, and is the explosively erupted counterpart to andesite enclaves. Fe–Ti oxide pairs from andesite scoria show a limited temperature range, clustered around 1000 °C. Temperatures from grains found in dacite lavas possess a wider range; however, cores from large (&gt;100 μm) magnetite and coexisting ilmenite give temperatures of ∼890 °C, taken to represent a pre-mixing temperature for the dacite. Water contents from dacite phenocryst melt inclusions and phase equilibria experiments on the andesite imply that the two magmas last resided at a water pressure of 90 MPa, and contained ∼3.5 wt% H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, equivalent to 3 km depth if saturated. Unzoned pyroxene and sodic plagioclase in the dacite suggest that it likely underwent significant crystallization at this depth; highly resorbed anorthitic plagioclase from the andesite suggests that it originated at greater depths and underwent relatively rapid ascent until it reached 3 km, mixed with dacite, and erupted. Diffusion profiles in phenocrysts suggest that mixing preceded eruption of earliest lava by approximately one month. The lack of a compositional gap in the erupted rock suite indicates that thorough mixing of the andesite and dacite occurred quickly, via disaggregation of enclaves, phenocryst transfer from one magma to another, and direct mixing of compositionally distinct melt phases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004100000166","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Eichelberger, J.C., and Rutherford, M.J., 2000, Magma storage and mixing conditions for the 1953-1974 eruption of Southwest Trident volcano, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 140, no. 1, p. 99-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100000166.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park, Trident volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.511474609375,\n              58.04736494678224\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.83306884765625,\n              58.04736494678224\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.83306884765625,\n              58.431919821835315\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.511474609375,\n              58.431919821835315\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.511474609375,\n              58.04736494678224\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"140","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e32e4b0ce4410e7d610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eichelberger, John C.","contributorId":64971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutherford, Malcom J.","contributorId":102368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"Malcom","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186623,"text":"70186623 - 2000 - Microsatellites: Evolutionary and methodological background and empirical applications at individual, population, and phylogenetic levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:05:17","indexId":"70186623","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Microsatellites: Evolutionary and methodological background and empirical applications at individual, population, and phylogenetic levels","docAbstract":"<p>The recent proliferation and greater accessibility of molecular genetic markers has led to a growing appreciation of the ecological and evolutionary inferences that can be drawn from molecular characterizations of individuals and populations (Burke et al. 1992, Avise 1994). Different techniques have the ability to target DNA sequences which have different patterns of inheritance, different modes and rates of evolution and, concomitantly, different levels of variation. In the quest for 'the right marker for the right job', microsatellites have been widely embraced as the marker of choice for many empirical genetic studies. The proliferation of microsatellite loci for various species and the voluminous literature compiled in very few years associated with their evolution and use in various research applications, exemplifies their growing importance as a research tool in the biological sciences.</p><p>The ability to define allelic states based on variation at the nucleotide level has afforded unparalleled opportunities to document the actual mutational process and rates of evolution at individual microsatellite loci. The scrutiny to which these loci have been subjected has resulted in data that raise issues pertaining to assumptions formerly stated, but largely untestable for other marker classes. Indeed this is an active arena for theoretical and empirical work. Given the extensive and ever-increasing literature on various statistical methodologies and cautionary notes regarding the uses of microsatellites, some consideration should be given to the unique characteristics of these loci when determining how and under what conditions they can be employed.</p><p></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular methods in ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","isbn":"978-0-632-03437-6","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., and Pearce, J.M., 2000, Microsatellites: Evolutionary and methodological background and empirical applications at individual, population, and phylogenetic levels, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Molecular methods in ecology, p. 235-273.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0632034378.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75403e4b09da6799c0c72","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baker, Allan J.","contributorId":36383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184408,"text":"70184408 - 2000 - Cytochrome P450 1A induction in sea ducks inhabiting nearshore areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T13:17:47","indexId":"70184408","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytochrome P450 1A induction in sea ducks inhabiting nearshore areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Following the </span><i>Exxon-Valdez</i><span> oil spill, hepatic rates of EROD activity and thus, P450 1A expression, were significantly higher in harlequin ducks (</span><i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i><span>) and Barrow’s goldeneyes (</span><i>Bucephala islandica</i><span>) from oiled areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska when compared to birds from unoiled sites. Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure did not account for areal differences in P450 1A induction in harlequin ducks. Background hydrocarbon levels in Prince William Sound were negligible prior to the 1989 oil spill, but remnant </span><i>Exxon-Valdez</i><span> oil was still present in nearshore habitats of the spill zone coincident with our study. We conclude that P450 1A induction in sea ducks from areas oiled during the </span><i>Exxon-Valdez</i><span> oil spill was likely due to exposure to residual oil. We speculate that biochemical and physiological changes in individuals chronically exposed to oil may be constraining population recovery of some sea duck species affected by the spill.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00236-2","usgsCitation":"Trust, K.A., Esler, D., Woodin, B.R., and Stegeman, J.J., 2000, Cytochrome P450 1A induction in sea ducks inhabiting nearshore areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 40, no. 5, p. 397-403, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00236-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"403","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.348388671875,\n              60.146973929322854\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.8487548828125,\n              60.146973929322854\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.8487548828125,\n              60.5923622983958\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.348388671875,\n              60.5923622983958\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.348388671875,\n              60.146973929322854\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12642e4b014cc3a3d34ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trust, Kimberly A.","contributorId":42503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trust","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":681352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodin, Bruce R.","contributorId":96632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodin","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stegeman, John J.","contributorId":55102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stegeman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182186,"text":"70182186 - 2000 - Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:12:48","indexId":"70182186","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Metapopulation theory has proven useful for understanding the population structure and dynamics of many species of conservation concern. The metapopulation concept has been applied almost exclusively to nonmigratory species, however, for which subpopulation demographic independence—a requirement for a classically defined metapopulation - is explicitly related to geographic distribution and dispersal probabilities. Defining the degree of demographic independence among subpopulations of migratory animals, and thus the applicability of metapopulation theory as a conceptual framework for understanding population dynamics, is much more difficult. Unlike nonmigratory species, subpopulations of migratory animals cannot be defined as synonymous with geographic areas. Groups of migratory birds that are geographically separate at one part of the annual cycle may occur together at others, but co-occurrence in time and space does not preclude the demographic independence of subpopulations. I suggest that metapopulation theory can be applied to migratory species but that understanding the degree of subpopulation independence may require information about both spatial distribution throughout the annual cycle and behavioral mechanisms that may lead to subpopulation demographic independence. The key for applying metapopulation theory to migratory animals lies in identifying demographically independent subpopulations, even as they move during the annual cycle and potentially co-occur with other subpopulations. Using examples of migratory bird species, I demonstrate that spatial and temporal modes of subpopulation independence can interact with behavioral mechanisms to create demographically independent subpopulations, including cases in which subpopulations are not spatially distinct in some parts of the annual cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98147.x","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., 2000, Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds: Conservation Biology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 366-372, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98147.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e32e4b0ce4410e7d612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":669927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6326,"text":"pp1605 - 2000 - Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T19:24:09.21735","indexId":"pp1605","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1605","title":"Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts?","docAbstract":"The surface morphology of the northern slope of the Brooks Range (North Slope) from the Canning River, Alaska, eastward is dominated by a series of large alluvial fans and braided streams floored by coarse alluvium. On the basis of our studies, we conclude that the fans are not prograding now nor have they been prograding at any time during the Holocene. During the latest transgression and the following sea-level highstand, the North Slope depositional environment and climate probably differed greatly from the present ones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1605","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., and Wolf, S.C., 2000, Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts? (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1605, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1605.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1605/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1605.gif"},{"id":279117,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1605/pp1605.pdf"},{"id":395908,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80743.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.75,\n              69.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -139,\n              69.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -139,\n              70.15\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.75,\n              70.15\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.75,\n              69.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Stephen C.","contributorId":38148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186627,"text":"70186627 - 2000 - The Tintina Gold Belt - A global perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-03T22:25:49","indexId":"70186627","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Tintina Gold Belt - A global perspective","docAbstract":"<p><span>The so-called Tintina Gold Belt extends for more than 1000 km along the length of the northern North American Cordillera. Middle to Late Cretaceous Au deposits within the belt have various similar characteristics, among which are a spatial and temporal association with magmatism; Bi-W-Te signatures in deposits hosted by granitod stocks and As-Sb signatures where hosted by sedimentary rocks and dyke systems; and δ180 values consistently &gt; 12 per mil for Au-bearing quartz. Nevertheless significant differences in structural styles, levels of deposit emplacement, ore-fluid chemistry, and Au grades suggest that the characteristics represent a broad range of deposit types. Many of these are best classified as orogenic Au deposits in the Yukon-Tanana terrane, as epithermal and porphyry-style Au deposits in the Kuskokwim region, and as Au-bearing, granite-related veins and stockworks, replacements, and skarns, as well as associated polymetallic lodes, in central Yukon. The diverse types of Au deposits and associated plutons of the Tintina Gold Belt collectively define a 45-m.y.-long period of arc magmatism that migrated northwesterly, for about 1000 km, across the active collisional margin of Cretaceous northwestern North America. The initiation of fluid flow and plutonism in Albian time seems to correlate with the onset of oblique subduction and dextral strike-slip on the Denali-Farewell, Tintina-Kaltag, and related fault systems. Initial Au-vein formation and subduction-related magmatism at about 115-110 Ma (e.g., including the Goodpaster and Fortymile districts), within the seaward side of the Yukon-Tanana terrane, correlate with the arrival of the Wrangellia superterrane off the continental margin. Dextral translation of the allochthonous Wrangellia block was associated with the migration of the thermal pulse to the northwest at about 95-90 Ma. Orogenic (or so­ called mesotherrnal) and granitoid-related Au deposits formed across the width of the Yukon-Tanana terrane (e.g., Fort Knox, True North, Ryan Lode, Kantishna district) and inland into the passive-margin rocks of the Selwyn basin ( e.g., Scheelite Dome, Brewery Creek, Dublin Gulch), respectively. By 70 Ma, the arc had migrated to the vicinity of present-day southwestern Alaska, where it was associated with the formation of additional orogenic Au deposits (e.g., Willow Creek district) and, within still-preserved shallow crustal levels, epithermal Au systems (e.g., Donlin Creek). The Au-bearing deposits of the Tintina Gold Belt are typical of those found in most well-preserved, moderate- to high-temperature Phanerozoic collisional orogens. Around the circum-Pacific region, these would include large areas of Mesozoic tectonism along the Cordilleran orogen, throughout the Russian Far East, and along the margins of the North China craton. Favorable terrain for such Au belts of Paleozoic age worldwide include the active Gondwana margins (e.g., Tasman orogenic system, northern Africa, Telfer district), and the northern margins ( e.g., Caledonian Kazakhstania, Uralian orogen, Baikal orogen, Tian Shan orogenic system) and western margins ( e.g., southern European massifs) to the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Gold lodes in all of the Phanerozoic belts are dominated by orogenic Au-deposit types; other deposit types are concentrated where relatively shallow levels to the orogens are locally preserved. A significant percentage of the lode-gold resource in many areas was lost to placer accumulation that began forming approximately 100 m.y. after hypogene ore formation, except where continent-continent collision \"cratonized\" highly mineralized terranes in central Asia.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Tintina Gold Belt: Concepts, exploration, and discoveries: Special volume 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Columbia and Yukon Chamber of Mines","publisherLocation":"Vancouver, BC","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., Hart, C.J., Miller, M.L., Miller, L.D., Farmer, G.L., and Groves, D.I., 2000, The Tintina Gold Belt - A global perspective, chap. <i>of</i> The Tintina Gold Belt: Concepts, exploration, and discoveries: Special volume 2, p. 5-34.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"British Columbia and Yukon Chamber of Mines Cordilleran Roundup, January 2000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75404e4b09da6799c0c76","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tucker, Terry L.","contributorId":190631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690091,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Moira T.","contributorId":11795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Moira","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690092,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Craig J. R.","contributorId":36811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farmer, G. Lang","contributorId":15075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Groves, David I.","contributorId":34194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":24432,"text":"ofr00486 - 2000 - Magnetotelluric data along the Talkeetna Mountains transect, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr00486","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-486","title":"Magnetotelluric data along the Talkeetna Mountains transect, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00486","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sampson, J.A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2000, Magnetotelluric data along the Talkeetna Mountains transect, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-486, 138 leaves :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00486.","productDescription":"138 leaves :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0486/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0486/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45061,"text":"wri004207 - 2000 - Hydrothermal activity and carbon-dioxide discharge at Shrub and upper Klawasi mud volcanoes, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:00","indexId":"wri004207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4207","title":"Hydrothermal activity and carbon-dioxide discharge at Shrub and upper Klawasi mud volcanoes, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"Shrub mud volcano, one of three mud volcanoes of the Klawasi group in the Copper River Basin, Alaska, has been discharging warm mud and water and CO2?rich gas since 1996. A field visit to Shrub in June 1999 found the general level of hot-spring discharge to be similar, but somewhat more widespread, than in the previous two years. Evidence of recent animal and vegetation deaths from CO2 exposure were confined to localized areas around various gas and fluid vents. Maximum fluid temperatures in each of three main discharge areas, ranging from 48-54?C, were equal to or higher than those measured in the two previous years; such temperatures are significantly higher than those observed intermittently over the past 30 years. At Upper Klawasi mud volcano, measured temperatures of 23-26?C and estimated rates of gas and water discharge in the summit crater lake were also similar to those observed in the previous two years. Gas discharging at Shrub and Upper Klawasi is composed of over 98% CO2 and minor amounts of meteoric gases (N2, O2, Ar) and gases partly of deeper origin (CH4 and He). The rate of CO2 discharge from spring vents and pools at Shrub is estimated to be ~10 metric tonnes per day. This discharge, together with measured concentrations of bicarbonate, suggest that a total CO2 upflow from depth of 20-40 metric tonnes per day at Shrub.Measurements were made of diffuse degassing rates from soil at one ~300 m2 area near the summit of Shrub that included vegetation kill suggestive of high CO2 concentrations in the root zone. Most of measured gas flow rates in this area were significantly higher than background values, and a CO2 concentration of 26 percent was measured at a depth of 10 cm where the gas flow rate was highest. Although additional measurements of diffuse gas flow were made elsewhere at Shrub, no other areas of vegetation kill related to diffuse degassing and high soil-gas CO2 concentrations could be seen from the air.Chemical and isotopic compositions of the gas and water discharging at Shrub and Upper Klawasi indicate derivation from a combination of mantle (magmatic) and crustal (marine sedimentary rock) sources and suggest a common fluid reservoir at depth. In particular, both the total dissolved carbon and values of 13C in CO2 are similar for fluids and gas sampled at each area, and do not appear to have changed with the onset of increased spring temperatures and fluid discharge at Shrub. This suggests that the underlying cause of the recent changes in discharge rate and temperature at Shrub is not an increase in the rate of input of magmatic heat and volatiles, but rather increases in the permeability of the upflow conduits that connect the gas-rich reservoir to the surface.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004207","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M.L., Werner, C., McGimsey, R.G., and Evans, W.C., 2000, Hydrothermal activity and carbon-dioxide discharge at Shrub and upper Klawasi mud volcanoes, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4207, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004207.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3915,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004207","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":169309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, Michael L.","contributorId":20726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Cindy","contributorId":75611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cindy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53913,"text":"itr000006 - 2000 - Native plant revegetation manual for Denali National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T09:21:15","indexId":"itr000006","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2000-0006","title":"Native plant revegetation manual for Denali National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"This manual describes methods to revegetate subarctic sites with native plants. The information is\nbased on 20 years of research and revegetation projects in Denali National Park and Preserve and other Alaskan\nsites. The manual summarizes information about subarctic ecosystems and discusses using this information to\nevaluate disturbed sites and plan revegetation projects. Revegetation techniques addressed include promoting\nnatural revegetation, legume and wheatgrass seeding, plant salvage and transplant, bioengineering, containergrown\nplants, alder seedlings, and willow cuttings. Long-term data for two specific vegetation projects and for\neach of the 46 native plant species that have been tested or used for revegetation are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Densmore, R.V., Vander Meer, M.E., and Dunkle, N.G., 2000, Native plant revegetation manual for Denali National Park and Preserve: Information and Technology Report 2000-0006, 51 p.","productDescription":"51 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2000/0006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2000/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -148.8988200803,63.7352432197 ], [ -148.8988200803,63.7379411803 ], [ -148.8961221197,63.7379411803 ], [ -148.8961221197,63.7352432197 ], [ -148.8988200803,63.7352432197 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698328","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vander Meer, Mark E.","contributorId":53030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vander Meer","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunkle, Nancy G.","contributorId":44984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunkle","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54369,"text":"wdrAK991 - 2000 - Water resources data, Alaska, water year 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-18T20:59:45.185514","indexId":"wdrAK991","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AK-99-1","title":"Water resources data, Alaska, water year 1999","docAbstract":"<p>The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State and other agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Alaska each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled \"Water Resources Data - Alaska.\"</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrAK991","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Alaska and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Bertrand, C., Hess, D., Kemnitz, R., Meyer, D.F., and Swanner, W., 2000, Water resources data, Alaska, water year 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AK-99-1, xxx, 508 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAK991.","productDescription":"xxx, 508 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1999/ak-99-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":409483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1999/ak-99-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanner, W.C.","contributorId":41508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanner","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":53903,"text":"itr000010 - 2000 - Breeding Bird Habitat Associations on the Alaska Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:47","indexId":"itr000010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2000-0010","title":"Breeding Bird Habitat Associations on the Alaska Breeding Bird Survey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cotter, P.A., and Andres, B.A., 2000, Breeding Bird Habitat Associations on the Alaska Breeding Bird Survey: Information and Technology Report 2000-0010, 53 p.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2000/0010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87807,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2000/0010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cotter, Paul A.","contributorId":12105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotter","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andres, Brad A.","contributorId":68811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7000062,"text":"7000062 - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives; Fiscal Year 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T12:19:13.789514","indexId":"7000062","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-19T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives; Fiscal Year 1999","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000062","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives; Fiscal Year 1999, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000062.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":198002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/amerind/1999report/FY99cover.gif"},{"id":18615,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/amerind/1999report/amerind.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db6137f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188272,"text":"70188272 - 1999 - Microsatellite analyses of Alameda Creek Rainbow/Steelhead trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T10:14:12","indexId":"70188272","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Microsatellite analyses of Alameda Creek Rainbow/Steelhead trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Microsatellite genetic diversity found in Alameda Creek rainbow trout support a close genetic relationship with coastal trout found in Lagunitas Creek, Marin County, California. No significant genotypic or allelic frequencies associations could be drawn among Alameda Creek trout and fish collected from the four primary rainbow trout hatchery strains in use in California, Whitney, Mount Shasta, Coleman, and Hot Creek strains, indeed, genetic distance analyses (δμ<sup>2</sup>) supported genetic separation among Alameda Creek trout and hatchery trout with greater than 50% bootstrap values in 1000 replicate neighbor-joining trees. Fish collected for this study from Palo Seco and Sheppard Creeks shared allelic frequencies with both the fish in Alameda Creek and those found in Scott Creek in Santa Cruz County. Fish collected in Horseshoe Creek or San Lorenzo Creek (Alameda County) did not share this unique genetic relationship between Alameda Creek fish and putative wild coastal trout. These two streams had allelic frequencies similar to some hatchery trout strains and to wild trout captured in the Central Valley. These data suggest that there are two possible steelhead ESUs using the tributaries of San Francisco Bay (one coastal and one Central Valley) or that hatchery trout supplementation has impacted some, but not all streams with a subsequent loss of locally adapted genetic characteristics. These data support the implementation of conservation management of rainbow trout in the Alameda Creek drainage as part of the&nbsp;</span><span>central California coastal steelhead ESU.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Applied Marine Sciences","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., and Fountain, M.C., 1999, Microsatellite analyses of Alameda Creek Rainbow/Steelhead trout, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dafe4b0f6c2d0d7d658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fountain, Monique C.","contributorId":18528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"Monique","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180186,"text":"70180186 - 1999 - Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87239,"text":"87239 - 1999 - An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance","indexId":"87239","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70180186,"text":"70180186 - 1999 - Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","indexId":"70180186","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70186547,"text":"70186547 - 1999 - Comparison of aerial survey procedures for estimating polar bear density: Results of pilot studies in northern Alaska","indexId":"70186547","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Comparison of aerial survey procedures for estimating polar bear density: Results of pilot studies in northern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70180186,"text":"70180186 - 1999 - Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","indexId":"70180186","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70186665,"text":"70186665 - 1999 - Modeling variability in replicated surveys at aggregation sites","indexId":"70186665","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling variability in replicated surveys at aggregation sites"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70180186,"text":"70180186 - 1999 - Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","indexId":"70180186","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:18:21","indexId":"70180186","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>This volume comprises the proceedings of a symposium on marine mammal survey assessment methods, which took place in Seattle, Washington, USA.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on surveys, status & trends of marine mammal populations","conferenceDate":"25-27 February, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"A.A. Balkema","publisherLocation":"Rotterdam, Netherlands","isbn":"9789058090430","usgsCitation":"1999, Marine mammal survey and assessment methods, 287 p.","productDescription":"287 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Marine-Mammal-Survey-and-Assessment-Methods/Laake-Robertson-Amstrup/p/book/9789058090430"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79be4b0ba3b075e05e5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660696,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660697,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laake, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":83851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laake","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660698,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660699,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Lyman L.","contributorId":14939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Lyman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660700,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660701,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70006965,"text":"70006965 - 1999 - Breeding of Steller's Eiders, Polysticta stelleri, on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-13T12:49:46.503293","indexId":"70006965","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:37:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding of Steller's Eiders, Polysticta stelleri, on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Historically, an unknown number of Steller's Elders nested along the outer coastal fringe of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, but no nests had been found since 1975. We located six nests from 1991-1998 and we conclude that Steller's Elders are still a regular breeder at low densities on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Ottawa Field-Naturalist's Club","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Herzog, M., 1999, Breeding of Steller's Eiders, Polysticta stelleri, on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 113, no. 2, p. 306-308.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"308","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106748","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","county":"Wade Hampton","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.728759765625,\n              61.21870180571184\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.728759765625,\n              61.3483587475511\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.48294067382812,\n              61.3483587475511\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.48294067382812,\n              61.21870180571184\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.728759765625,\n              61.21870180571184\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f270e4b0c8380cd4b199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, M.P.","contributorId":37865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006408,"text":"70006408 - 1999 - Relative importance of male and territory quality in pairing success of male rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-10T01:01:45","indexId":"70006408","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:10:38","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative importance of male and territory quality in pairing success of male rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)","docAbstract":"We studied pairing success in male rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) in northern Alaska to learn whether males obtaining more females possessed phenotypic traits that influenced female choice directly, whether these traits permitted males to obtain territories favored by females, or whether both processes occurred. The number of females per male varied from zero to three. Several male and territory traits were significantly correlated with number of females per male. We used multiple regression to obtain a single measure of male quality and a single measure of territory quality. These measures of male and territory quality correlated with each other and with male pairing success. We used path analysis to separate direct effects of male quality on pairing success from indirect effects due to high-quality males obtaining high-quality territories. Both direct and indirect pathways had significant effects on pairing success, and direct and indirect effects of male traits on pairing success were about equal. This study illustrates an analytical approach for estimating the relative importance of direct and indirect causal relationships in natural systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s002650050571","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., and Earnst, S.L., 1999, Relative importance of male and territory quality in pairing success of male rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus): Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 45, no. 5, p. 355-359, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650050571.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258298,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050571","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa686e4b0c8380cd84ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211378,"text":"5211378 - 1999 - Marsh birds and the North American Breeding Bird Survey:  judging the value of a landscape level survey for habitat specialist species with low detection rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5211378","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Marsh birds and the North American Breeding Bird Survey:  judging the value of a landscape level survey for habitat specialist species with low detection rates","docAbstract":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey was started in 1966, and provides information on population change for >400 species of birds. it covers the continental United States, Canada, and Alaska, and is conducted once each year, in June, by volunteer observers. A 39.4 kIn roadside survey route is driven starting 30 min before sunrise, and a 3 min point count is conducted at each of 50 stops spaced every 0.8 kIn. Existing analyses of the data are internet-based (http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.govlbbslbbs.html), and include maps of relative abundance, estimates of population change including trends (%/yr), composite annual indices (pattern in time), and maps of population trend (pattern in space).     At least 36 species of marsh birds are encountered on the BBS, and the survey provides estimates with greatly varying levels of efficiency for the species. It is often difficult to understand how well the BBS surveys a species. Often, efficiency is judged by estimating trend and its variance for a species, then by calculating power and needed samples to detect a prespecified trend over some time period (e.g., a 2%/yr trend over 31 yr). Unfortunately, this approach is not always valid, as estimated trends and variances can be of little use if the population is poorly sampled. Lurking concerns with BBS data include (1) incomplete coverage of species range; (2) undersampling of habitats; and (3) low and variable visibility of birds during point counts. It is difficult to evaluate these concerns, because known populations do not exist for comparison with counts, and detection rates are time-consuming and costly to estimate.     I evaluated the efficiency of the BBS for selected rails (Rallidae) and snipes (Scolopacidae), presenting estimates of population trend over 1966-1996 (T), power to detect 2%/yr trend over 31 yr, needed samples to achieve power of 0.75 with alpha= 0.1, number of survey routes with data for the species (N), average abundance on survey routes (RA), and maps of relative abundance. Examples include Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) (T=12 %/yr; P= 0.0085; N =28; routes; RA=0.05; Power=0.37; Needed samples=85), Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) (No trend data or power information available, N =8), Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris) (T=1.9%/yr; P=0.55; N =64; RA=0.31; Power=0.35; Needed samples=590), King Rail (Rallus elegans) (T=-4.2 %/yr; P= 0.03; N =76; Power=0.41; Needed samples=159), Sora (Porzana carolina) (T=0.98 %/yr; P= 0.24; N =720; RA= 0.92; Power=0.69; Needed samples= 377), and Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) (T=-0.24 %/yr; P= 0.54; N =1412; RA= 2.19; Power=0.98; Needed samples=205).     With regard to quality of BBS data, marsh birds fall into 3 categories: (1) almost never encountered on BBS routes; (2) encountered at extremely low abundances on BBS routes; and (3) probably fairly well sampled by BBS roadside counts. BBS data can provide useful information for many marsh bird species, but users should be aware of the limitations of the BBS sample for monitoring species that have low visibility from point counts and prefer habitats not often encountered on roadsides.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the marsh bird monitoring workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Laurel, Md","collaboration":"Workshop held April 26-28, 1998 at Patuxent Research Refuge, National Wildlife Visitor Center, Laurel, Maryland.  Visit related website at URL. ","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., 1999, Marsh birds and the North American Breeding Bird Survey:  judging the value of a landscape level survey for habitat specialist species with low detection rates, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the marsh bird monitoring workshop.","productDescription":"iv, 52","startPage":"43 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fbe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":40822,"text":"ofr99362 - 1999 - Preliminary geologic map of the Chugach National Forest special study area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T17:10:59.208352","indexId":"ofr99362","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-362","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Chugach National Forest special study area, Alaska","docAbstract":"In 1990, both the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines were contacted by the Chugach National Forest (CNF) for the purpose of providing mineral resource information for the CNF Master Plan during the planning period fiscal years 1991-1994. This information is to address the terms and requirements of the 1986 Settlement Agreement and to provide mineral and geologic information useful to the CNF for making land-use decisions. In early 1992 an Interagency Agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the Chugach National Forest was signed. In this agreement the U.S. Geological Survey is to provide a report which estimates the undiscovered mineral endowments of the 'special' study area and to identify the potential for mineral discovery and development. The U.S. Bureau of Mines was to prepare a report updating the discovered mineral endowment of the Special Study Area. These reports are now published (Roe and Balen, 1994; Nelson and others, 1994). This geologic map is a component of the U.S. Geological Survey contribution to the overall project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99362","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the Chugach National Forest","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S.W., Miller, M.L., Haeussler, P.J., Snee, L., Philips, P.J., and Huber, C., 1999, Preliminary geologic map of the Chugach National Forest special study area, Alaska (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-362, Report: HTML Document; 1 Plate: 45.00 x 33.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99362.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; 1 Plate: 45.00 x 33.75 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0362/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99362.gif"},{"id":397966,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22601.htm"},{"id":284907,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0362/intro.html"},{"id":109854,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0362/pdf/of99-362.pdf","description":"22601"}],"scale":"63360","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chugach National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              60.916667\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              61.083333\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              61.083333\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              60.916667\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              60.916667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6cefe4b0b29085104dd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Philips, Patti J.","contributorId":25631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philips","given":"Patti","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huber, Carol","contributorId":18053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":64546,"text":"i2652 - 1999 - Maps showing areas of potential for metallic mineral resources in the Valdez 1° x 3° quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T22:01:36.781093","indexId":"i2652","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2652","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Maps showing areas of potential for metallic mineral resources in the Valdez 1° x 3° quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2652","usgsCitation":"Winkler, G., Goldfarb, R., Pickthorn, W., and Campbell, D.L., 1999, Maps showing areas of potential for metallic mineral resources in the Valdez 1° x 3° quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2652, 1 Plate: 34.00 x 44.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2652.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 34.00 x 44.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":109880,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22942.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22942"},{"id":6072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2652/i2652.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valdez 1° x 3° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,61 ], [ -147,62 ], [ -144,62 ], [ -144,61 ], [ -147,61 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6046cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winkler, Gary R.","contributorId":75513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Gary R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pickthorn, W.J.","contributorId":95458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickthorn","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, D. L.","contributorId":90726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":24328,"text":"ofr99135 - 1999 - Data on Holocene tephra (volcanic ash) deposits in the Alaska Peninsula and lower Cook Inlet region of the Aleutian volcanic arc, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-15T12:47:51.271049","indexId":"ofr99135","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-135","displayTitle":"Data on Holocene Tephra (Volcanic Ash) Deposits in the Alaska Peninsula and Lower Cook Inlet Region of the Aleutian Volcanic Arc, Alaska","title":"Data on Holocene tephra (volcanic ash) deposits in the Alaska Peninsula and lower Cook Inlet region of the Aleutian volcanic arc, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This site provides information about the number, thickness, and grainsize of Holocene volcanic ash deposits at 50 localities in the eastern Aleutian volcanic arc. In addition, the major-element compositions of the glasses separated from more than 350 samples of tephra from these localities, determined by electron microprobe, are presented as a basis for correlating samples. Where known with reasonable certainty, the source of an analyzed sample is also identified for use in comparative studies of magma chemistry.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99135","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Meyer, C., and Miyaoka, R.T., 1999, Data on Holocene tephra (volcanic ash) deposits in the Alaska Peninsula and lower Cook Inlet region of the Aleutian volcanic arc, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-135, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99135.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9929,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://kiska.giseis.alaska.edu/dbases/akpen_tephra/akpen_tephra.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://avo.alaska.edu/downloads/reference.php?citid=819","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162,56 ], [ -162,62 ], [ -150,62 ], [ -150,56 ], [ -162,56 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c87d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miyaoka, Ronny T.","contributorId":61861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyaoka","given":"Ronny","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24879,"text":"ofr99317 - 1999 - Digital data for the geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T19:29:59.101009","indexId":"ofr99317","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-317","title":"Digital data for the geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane","docAbstract":"<p>These digital databases are the result of the compilation and reinterpretation of published and unpublished 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale mapping. The map area covers approximately 62,000 sq km (23,000 sq mi) in land area and encompasses much of 13 1:250,000-scale quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska. The compilation was done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment project (AMRAP), whose goal was create and assemble geologic, geochemical, geophysical, and other data in order to perform mineral resource assessments on a quadrangle, regional or statewide basis. The digital data here was created to assist in the completion of a regional mineral resource assessment of the Alaska Peninsula.</p><p><br></p><p>Mapping on the Alaska Peninsula under AMRAP began in 1977 in the Chignik and Sutwik Island 1:250,000 quadrangles (Detterman and others, 1981). Continued mapping in the Ugashik, bristol bay, and northwestern Karluk quadrangles (Detterman and others, 1987) began in 1979, followed by the Mount Katmai, eastern Naknek, and northwestern Afognak quadrangles (Riehle and others, 1987; Riehle and others, 1993), the Port Moller, Stepovak bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles (Wilson and others, 1995) beginning in 1983. Work in the Cold bay and False Pass quadrangles (Wilson and others, 1992 [Superseded by Wilson and others 1997, but not incorporated herein]) began in 1986.</p><p><br></p><p>The reliability of the geologic mapping is variable, based, in part, on the field time spent in each area of the map, the available support, and the quality of the existing base maps. In addition, our developing understanding of the geology of the Alaska Peninsula required revision of earlier maps, such as the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles map (Detterman and others, 1981) to reflect this new knowledge. We have revised the stratigraphic nomenclature (Detterman and others, 1996) and our assignment of unit names to some rocks has been changed.</p><p><br></p><p>All geologic maps on which this compilation is based were published using the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM; Zones 3, 4, and 5). because of the distortions use of the UTM projection would produce on a map of small scale and large area, the plot and graphics files derived from this data are plotted using a more appropriate Albers Equal-area projection for publication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99317","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Detterman, R.L., and DuBois, G.D., 1999, Digital data for the geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-317, Report: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 60.0 x 43.0 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99317.","productDescription":"Report: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 60.0 x 43.0 inches; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"43","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99317.jpg"},{"id":1872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284894,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/akpenrdme.txt"},{"id":109903,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23296.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23296"},{"id":284897,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/pdf/akpen.pdf"},{"id":284896,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/pdf/aptext.pdf"},{"id":284895,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/akpenmet.txt"}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Albers Equal Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165.02,53.98 ], [ -165.02,59.13 ], [ -153.11,59.13 ], [ -153.11,53.98 ], [ -165.02,53.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54f6e4b0b290850f60e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuBois, Gregory D.","contributorId":6824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":42373,"text":"ofr99168 - 1999 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T17:34:31.184099","indexId":"ofr99168","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-168","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area is the result of a multidisciplinary investigation of an area where an airborne geophysical survey was flown in the spring of 1997. The area was chosen for the geophysical survey because of its high mineral potential, a conclusion of the Petersburg Mineral Resource Assessment Project, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1978 to 1982. The City of Wrangell, in southeastern Alaska, the Bureau of Land Management, and the State of Alaska provided funding for the airborne geophysical survey. The geophysical data from the airborne survey were released in September 1997. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted field investigations in the spring and fall of 1998 to identify and understand the sources of the geophysical anomalies from the airborne survey.\r\n\r\nThis geologic map updates the geologic maps of the same area published by David A. Brew at 1:63,360 (Brew, 1997a-m; Brew and Koch, 1997). This update is based on 3 weeks of field work, new fossil collections, and the geophysical maps released by the State of Alaska ( DGGS, Staff, and others, 1997a-o). Geologic data from outcrops, fossil ages, radiometric ages, and geochemical signatures were used to identify lithostratigraphic units. Where exposure is poor, geophysical characteristics were used to help control the boundaries of these units. No unit boundaries were drawn based on geophysics alone. The 7200 Hertz resistivity maps (DGGS, Staff, and others, 1997k-o) were particularly helpful for controlling unit boundaries, because different stratigraphic units have distinctive characteristic conductive signatures (Karl and others, 1998). Increased knowledge of unit ages, unit structure, and unit distribution, led to improved understanding of the nature of unit contacts. Northwest- to southwest-directed thrust faults, particularly on Kupreanof Island, are new discovery. Truncated faults and map patterns suggest there were at least 2 generations of thrusting, and that the thrust faults have been folded. Subsequent right-lateral strike-slip NW-SE faults, have offset thrust faults, and these in turn are offset by N-S right-lateral strike-slip faults. Our fieldwork raised as many questions as it answered, and we see this map as a progress report at a reconnaissance level. The main contributions of this map are 1) the greater distribution of Triassic rocks, 2) increased fossil age information, and 3) the identification of thrust faults within and between units.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99168","usgsCitation":"Karl, S.M., Haeussler, P.J., and McCafferty, A.E., 1999, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area, southeastern Alaska (Version 1.2: June 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-168, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99168.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422455,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11430,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398075,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18899.htm"},{"id":136852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"150000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -133.61476049889026,\n              56.199886286800336\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.06095861619053,\n              56.23879575576889\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.98202797402203,\n              56.0629706600412\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.51785783074374,\n              56.09002299897319\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.50176598515554,\n              56.281472908391734\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.88102194506118,\n              56.277196224085145\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.89172304231417,\n              56.51773562017605\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.0716452898084,\n              56.517392431601934\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.078672909844,\n              56.621852115926686\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.26226863455528,\n              56.620241965303705\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.25859515733825,\n              56.52422552713807\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.5652535004594,\n              56.537372219353955\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.5793087405314,\n              56.622498642963954\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.94985433277262,\n              56.665001319346445\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.9940164587959,\n              57.05128179340762\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.73782311730034,\n              57.074568585284744\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.61476049889026,\n              56.199886286800336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.2: June 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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