The extensive harrat lava province of Arabia formed during the past 30 million years in response to Red Sea rifting and mantle upwelling. The area was regarded as seismically quiet, but between April and June 2009 a swarm of more than 30,000 earthquakes struck one of the lava fields in the province, Harrat Lunayyir, northwest Saudi Arabia. Concerned that larger damaging earthquakes might occur, the Saudi Arabian government evacuated 40,000 people from the region. Here we use geologic, geodetic and seismic data to show that the earthquake swarm resulted from magmatic dyke intrusion. We document a surface fault rupture that is 8 km long with 91 cm of offset. Surface deformation is best modelled by the shallow intrusion of a north-west trending dyke that is about 10 km long. Seismic waves generated during the earthquakes exhibit overlapping very low- and high-frequency components. We interpret the low frequencies to represent intrusion of magma and the high frequencies to represent fracturing of the crystalline basement rocks. Rather than extension being accommodated entirely by the central Red Sea rift axis, we suggest that the broad deformation observed in Harrat Lunayyir indicates that rift margins can remain as active sites of extension throughout rifting. Our analyses allowed us to forecast the likelihood of a future eruption or large earthquake in the region and informed the decisions made by the Saudi Arabian government to return the evacuees.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1038/ngeo966","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., McCausland, W., Jonsson, S., Lu, Z., Zahran, H., El, H.S., Aburukbah, A., Stewart, I., Lundgren, P., White, R., and Moufti, M., 2010, Broad accommodation of rift-related extension recorded by dyke intrusion in Saudi Arabia: Nature Geoscience, v. 3, p. 705-712, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo966.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"712","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","state":"Harrat Lunayyir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 37.5,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 37.5,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 37.5,\n 24\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f285e4b0c8380cd4b208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCausland, W.A.","contributorId":23003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCausland","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jonsson, Sigurjon","contributorId":72123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"Sigurjon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zahran, H.M.","contributorId":69001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zahran","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"El, Hadidy S.","contributorId":53215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El","given":"Hadidy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aburukbah, A.","contributorId":54057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aburukbah","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stewart, I.C.F.","contributorId":18914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"I.C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lundgren, P.R.","contributorId":95315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"White, R.A.","contributorId":21953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moufti, M.R.H.","contributorId":12306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moufti","given":"M.R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70036339,"text":"70036339 - 2010 - Effects of amphibian chytrid fungus on individual survival probability in wild boreal toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:44:47","indexId":"70036339","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of amphibian chytrid fungus on individual survival probability in wild boreal toads","docAbstract":"Chytridiomycosis is linked to the worldwide decline of amphibians, yet little is known about the demographic effects of the disease. We collected capture-recapture data on three populations of boreal toads (Bufo boreas [Bufo = Anaxyrus]) in the Rocky Mountains (U.S.A.). Two of the populations were infected with chytridiomycosis and one was not. We examined the effect of the presence of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]; the agent of chytridiomycosis) on survival probability and population growth rate. Toads that were infected with Bd had lower average annual survival probability than uninfected individuals at sites where Bd was detected, which suggests chytridiomycosis may reduce survival by 31-42% in wild boreal toads. Toads that were negative for Bd at infected sites had survival probabilities comparable to toads at the uninfected site. Evidence that environmental covariates (particularly cold temperatures during the breeding season) influenced toad survival was weak. The number of individuals in diseased populations declined by 5-7%/year over the 6 years of the study, whereas the uninfected population had comparatively stable population growth. Our data suggest that the presence of Bd in these toad populations is not causing rapid population declines. Rather, chytridiomycosis appears to be functioning as a low-level, chronic disease whereby some infected individuals survive but the overall population effects are still negative. Our results show that some amphibian populations may be coexisting with Bd and highlight the importance of quantitative assessments of survival in diseased animal populations. Journal compilation. ?? 2010 Society for Conservation Biology. No claim to original US government works.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01506.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D., Muths, E., Scherer, R.D., Bartelt, P., Corn, P., Hossack, B., Lambert, B., Mccaffery, R., and Gaughan, C., 2010, Effects of amphibian chytrid fungus on individual survival probability in wild boreal toads: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1259-1267, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01506.x.","startPage":"1259","endPage":"1267","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01506.x"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0687e4b0c8380cd512b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, D. S.","contributorId":45259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilliod","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartelt, P.E.","contributorId":31948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lambert, B.A.","contributorId":58378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mccaffery, R.","contributorId":107139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mccaffery","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gaughan, C.","contributorId":42050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaughan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70036337,"text":"70036337 - 2010 - Geochemical constraints on the origin and volume of gas in the New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian), eastern Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-16T20:14:31","indexId":"70036337","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical constraints on the origin and volume of gas in the New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian), eastern Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"This study involved analyses of kerogen petrography, gas desorption, geochemistry, microporosity, and mesoporosity of the New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) in the eastern part of the Illinois Basin. Specifically, detailed core analysis from two locations, one in Owen County, Indiana, and one in Pike County, Indiana, has been conducted. The gas content in the locations studied was primarily dependent on total organic carbon content and the micropore volume of the shales. Gas origin was assessed using stable isotope geochemistry. Measured and modeled vitrinite reflectance values were compared. Depth of burial and formation water salinity dictated different dominant origins of the gas in place in the two locations studied in detail. The shallower Owen County location (415-433 m [1362-1421 ft] deep) contained significant additions of microbial methane, whereas the Pike County location (832-860 m [2730-2822 ft] deep) was characterized exclusively by thermogenic gas. Despite differences in the gas origin, the total gas in both locations was similar, reaching up to 2.1 cm3/g (66 scf/ton). Lower thermogenic gas content in the shallower location (lower maturity and higher loss of gas related to uplift and leakage via relaxed fractures) was compensated for by the additional generation of microbial methane, which was stimulated by an influx of glacial melt water, inducing brine dilution and microbial inoculation. The characteristics of the shale of the Maquoketa Group (Ordovician) in the Pike County location are briefly discussed to provide a comparison to the New Albany Shale. Copyright ??2010. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/06301009197","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Strapoc, D., Mastalerz, M., Schimmelmann, A., Drobniak, A., and Hasenmueller, N., 2010, Geochemical constraints on the origin and volume of gas in the New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian), eastern Illinois Basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 94, no. 11, p. 1713-1740, https://doi.org/10.1306/06301009197.","startPage":"1713","endPage":"1740","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/06301009197"},{"id":246575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15f8e4b0c8380cd54fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strapoc, D.","contributorId":42693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strapoc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drobniak, A.","contributorId":11748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobniak","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hasenmueller, N.R.","contributorId":89950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036248,"text":"70036248 - 2010 - Coral Ba/Ca records of sediment input to the fringing reef of the southshore of Moloka'i, Hawai'i over the last several decades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T12:01:00","indexId":"70036248","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral Ba/Ca records of sediment input to the fringing reef of the southshore of Moloka'i, Hawai'i over the last several decades","docAbstract":"The fringing reef of southern Moloka’i is perceived to be in decline because of land-based pollution. In the absence of historical records of sediment pollution, ratios of coral Ba/Ca were used to test the hypothesis that sedimentation has increased over time. Baseline Ba/Ca ratios co-vary with the abundance of red, terrigenous sediment visible in recent imagery. The highest values at One Ali’i are near one of the muddiest parts of the reef. This co-varies with the lowest growth rate of all the sites, perhaps because the upstream Kawela watershed was historically leveed all the way to the nearshore, providing a fast-path for sediment delivery. Sites adjacent to small, steep watersheds have ∼decadal periodicities whereas sites adjacent to mangrove forests have shorter-period fluctuations that correspond to the periodicity of sediment transport in the nearshore, rather than the watershed. All four sites show a statistically significant upward trend in Ba/Ca.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.024","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Prouty, N., Field, M., Stock, J., Jupiter, S., and McCulloch, M., 2010, Coral Ba/Ca records of sediment input to the fringing reef of the southshore of Moloka'i, Hawai'i over the last several decades: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 60, no. 10, p. 1822-1835, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.024.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1822","endPage":"1835","costCenters":[{"id":528,"text":"Pacific Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","city":"Moloka'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.3108,21.0462 ], [ -157.3108,21.2241 ], [ -156.7097,21.2241 ], [ -156.7097,21.0462 ], [ -157.3108,21.0462 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"60","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc04e4b0c8380cd4e0a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prouty, N.G.","contributorId":36766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, J. D. 0000-0001-8565-3577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":79998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jupiter, S.D.","contributorId":94507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jupiter","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCulloch, M.","contributorId":38826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036183,"text":"70036183 - 2010 - Canopy gap dynamics of second-growth red spruce-northern hardwood stands in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036183","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Canopy gap dynamics of second-growth red spruce-northern hardwood stands in West Virginia","docAbstract":"Forest restoration requires an understanding of the natural disturbance regime of the target community and estimates of the historic range of variability of ecosystem components (composition, structure, and disturbance processes). Management prescriptions that support specific restoration activities should be consistent with these parameters. In this study, we describe gap-phase dynamics of even-aged, second-growth red spruce-northern hardwood stands in West Virginia that have been significantly degraded following early Twentieth Century harvesting and wildfire. In the current stage of stand development, gaps tended to be small, with mean canopy gap and extended canopy gap sizes of 53.4m2 and 199.3m2, respectively, and a canopy turnover rate of 1.4%year-1. The majority of gaps resulted from the death of one or two trees. American beech snags were the most frequent gap maker, partially due to the elevated presence of beech-bark disease in the study area. Gaps ranged in age from 1 to 28 years, had a mean of 13 years, and were unimodal in distribution. We projected red spruce to be the eventual gap filler in approximately 40% of the gaps. However, we estimated that most average-sized gaps will close within 15-20 years before red spruce canopy ascension is projected (30-60 years). Accordingly, many understory red spruce will require more than one overhead release - an observation verified by the tree-ring record and consistent with red spruce life history characteristics. Based on our observations, silvicultural prescriptions that include overhead release treatments such as thinning from above or small gap creation through selection harvesting could be an appropriate activity to foster red spruce restoration in the central Appalachians. ?? 2010 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.043","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Rentch, J., Schuler, T., Nowacki, G., Beane, N., and Ford, W., 2010, Canopy gap dynamics of second-growth red spruce-northern hardwood stands in West Virginia: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 260, no. 10, p. 1921-1929, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.043.","startPage":"1921","endPage":"1929","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218547,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.043"},{"id":246568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"260","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f344e4b0c8380cd4b6d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rentch, J.S.","contributorId":20587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rentch","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuler, T.M.","contributorId":37187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowacki, G.J.","contributorId":103916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowacki","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beane, N.R.","contributorId":37998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beane","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, W.M.","contributorId":50475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036182,"text":"70036182 - 2010 - Seismic hazard of the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault in Haiti inferred from palaeoseismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036182","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard of the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault in Haiti inferred from palaeoseismology","docAbstract":"The Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault zone is recognized as one of the primary plate-bounding fault systems in Haiti. The strike-slip fault runs adjacent to the city of Port-au-Prince and was initially thought to be the source of the 12 January 2010, M w 7.0 earthquake. Haiti experienced significant earthquakes in 1751 and 1770 (refsA, 3, 4, 5), but the role of the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault zone in these earthquakes is poorly known. We use satellite imagery, aerial photography, light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and field investigations to document Quaternary activity on the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault. We report late Quaternary, left-lateral offsets of up to 160m, and a set of small offsets ranging from 1.3 to 3.3m that we associate with one of the eighteenth century earthquakes. The size of the small offsets implies that the historical earthquake was larger than M w 7.0, but probably smaller than M w 7.6. We found no significant surface rupture associated with the 2010 earthquake. The lack of surface rupture, coupled with other seismologic, geologic and geodetic observations, suggests that little, if any, accumulated strain was released on the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault in the 2010 earthquake. These results confirm that the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault remains a significant seismic hazard. ?? 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo991","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Prentice, C., Mann, P., Crone, A.J., Gold, R., Hudnut, K., Briggs, R., Koehler, R., and Jean, P., 2010, Seismic hazard of the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault in Haiti inferred from palaeoseismology: Nature Geoscience, v. 3, no. 11, p. 789-793, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo991.","startPage":"789","endPage":"793","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218546,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo991"},{"id":246567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b1de4b08c986b3175e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prentice, C.S.","contributorId":56667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, P.","contributorId":55167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gold, R.D.","contributorId":79691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudnut, K.W.","contributorId":25179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briggs, R.W.","contributorId":97317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koehler, R.D.","contributorId":55925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jean, P.","contributorId":87794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jean","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70036130,"text":"70036130 - 2010 - Ecological hierarchies and self-organisation - Pattern analysis, modelling and process integration across scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036130","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":970,"text":"Basic and Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological hierarchies and self-organisation - Pattern analysis, modelling and process integration across scales","docAbstract":"A continuing discussion in applied and theoretical ecology focuses on the relationship of different organisational levels and on how ecological systems interact across scales. We address principal approaches to cope with complex across-level issues in ecology by applying elements of hierarchy theory and the theory of complex adaptive systems. A top-down approach, often characterised by the use of statistical techniques, can be applied to analyse large-scale dynamics and identify constraints exerted on lower levels. Current developments are illustrated with examples from the analysis of within-community spatial patterns and large-scale vegetation patterns. A bottom-up approach allows one to elucidate how interactions of individuals shape dynamics at higher levels in a self-organisation process; e.g., population development and community composition. This may be facilitated by various modelling tools, which provide the distinction between focal levels and resulting properties. For instance, resilience in grassland communities has been analysed with a cellular automaton approach, and the driving forces in rodent population oscillations have been identified with an agent-based model. Both modelling tools illustrate the principles of analysing higher level processes by representing the interactions of basic components.The focus of most ecological investigations on either top-down or bottom-up approaches may not be appropriate, if strong cross-scale relationships predominate. Here, we propose an 'across-scale-approach', closely interweaving the inherent potentials of both approaches. This combination of analytical and synthesising approaches will enable ecologists to establish a more coherent access to cross-level interactions in ecological systems. ?? 2010 Gesellschaft f??r ??kologie.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Basic and Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2010.08.002","issn":"14391791","usgsCitation":"Reuter, H., Jopp, F., Blanco-Moreno, J.M., Damgaard, C., Matsinos, Y., and DeAngelis, D., 2010, Ecological hierarchies and self-organisation - Pattern analysis, modelling and process integration across scales: Basic and Applied Ecology, v. 11, no. 7, p. 572-581, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2010.08.002.","startPage":"572","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218244,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2010.08.002"},{"id":246237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0553e4b0c8380cd50d64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reuter, H.","contributorId":45158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jopp, F.","contributorId":54833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jopp","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanco-Moreno, J. M.","contributorId":58880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanco-Moreno","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Damgaard, C.","contributorId":45159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damgaard","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matsinos, Y.","contributorId":43607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsinos","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035360,"text":"70035360 - 2010 - Modelling detection probabilities to evaluate management and control tools for an invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035360","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling detection probabilities to evaluate management and control tools for an invasive species","docAbstract":"For most ecologists, detection probability (p) is a nuisance variable that must be modelled to estimate the state variable of interest (i.e. survival, abundance, or occupancy). However, in the realm of invasive species control, the rate of detection and removal is the rate-limiting step for management of this pervasive environmental problem. For strategic planning of an eradication (removal of every individual), one must identify the least likely individual to be removed, and determine the probability of removing it. To evaluate visual searching as a control tool for populations of the invasive brown treesnake Boiga irregularis, we designed a mark-recapture study to evaluate detection probability as a function of time, gender, size, body condition, recent detection history, residency status, searcher team and environmental covariates. We evaluated these factors using 654 captures resulting from visual detections of 117 snakes residing in a 5-ha semi-forested enclosure on Guam, fenced to prevent immigration and emigration of snakes but not their prey. Visual detection probability was low overall (= 0??07 per occasion) but reached 0??18 under optimal circumstances. Our results supported sex-specific differences in detectability that were a quadratic function of size, with both small and large females having lower detection probabilities than males of those sizes. There was strong evidence for individual periodic changes in detectability of a few days duration, roughly doubling detection probability (comparing peak to non-elevated detections). Snakes in poor body condition had estimated mean detection probabilities greater than snakes with high body condition. Search teams with high average detection rates exhibited detection probabilities about twice that of search teams with low average detection rates. Surveys conducted with bright moonlight and strong wind gusts exhibited moderately decreased probabilities of detecting snakes. Synthesis and applications. By emphasizing and modelling detection probabilities, we now know: (i) that eradication of this species by searching is possible, (ii) how much searching effort would be required, (iii) under what environmental conditions searching would be most efficient, and (iv) several factors that are likely to modulate this quantification when searching is applied to new areas. The same approach can be use for evaluation of any control technology or population monitoring programme. ?? 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation ?? 2009 British Ecological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01753.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Christy, M., Yackel Adams, A., Rodda, G., Savidge, J.A., and Tyrrell, C., 2010, Modelling detection probabilities to evaluate management and control tools for an invasive species: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 47, no. 1, p. 106-113, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01753.x.","startPage":"106","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475805,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01753.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215129,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01753.x"},{"id":242907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c66e4b0c8380cd6fc78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christy, M.T.","contributorId":20968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christy","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackel Adams, A. A. 0000-0002-7044-8447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":16792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"A. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tyrrell, C.L.","contributorId":84551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyrrell","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189046,"text":"70189046 - 2010 - It's not just about climate change - What about soils?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:07:27","indexId":"70189046","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"It's not just about climate change - What about soils?","docAbstract":"Vladimir Vernadsky was one of the giants of geochemistry. Considered the founder of the fi eld of biogeochemistry and a true pioneer in “whole Earth” studies, he realized by 1945 that “Man under our very eyes is becoming a mighty and ever-growing geological force.” In the intervening 65 years, his “ever-growing force” has become a tidal wave. The global population has been increasing exponentially since the beginning of the industrial revolution, and as a result has increased by nearly a factor of three between 1945, when his observation was published, and today (see fi gure). Current projections anticipate a population exceeding 9 billion by 2050. This explosive human population growth has been fueled by ancient hydrocarbons and has come with high costs. Most Earth scientists are concerned with the implications of the rapid accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The consequences include a climate state without polar ice, acidifying oceans, and increasingly variable water fl uxes. The rate and extent of these and many other negative climate-related impacts, and how to mitigate them, have caused a vigorous discussion on climate change that is in the news on a nearly daily basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","usgsCitation":"Goldhaber, M.B., 2010, It's not just about climate change - What about soils?: Elements, v. 6, no. 6, p. 359-359.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"359","ipdsId":"IP-026024","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://elements.geoscienceworld.org/content/6/6/359"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c8e4b0d1f9f05067fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037618,"text":"70037618 - 2010 - Ground-motion modeling of Hayward fault scenario earthquakes, part I: Construction of the suite of scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T12:59:42","indexId":"70037618","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-motion modeling of Hayward fault scenario earthquakes, part I: Construction of the suite of scenarios","docAbstract":"We construct kinematic earthquake rupture models for a suite of 39 Mw 6.6-7.2 scenario earthquakes involving the Hayward, Calaveras, and Rodgers Creek faults. We use these rupture models in 3D ground-motion simulations as discussed in Part II (Aagaard et al., 2010) to provide detailed estimates of the shaking for each scenario. We employ both geophysical constraints and empirical relations to provide realistic variation in the rupture dimensions, slip heterogeneity, hypocenters, rupture speeds, and rise times. The five rupture lengths include portions of the Hayward fault as well as combined rupture of the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults and the Hayward and Calaveras faults. We vary rupture directivity using multiple hypocenters, typically three per rupture length, yielding north-to-south rupture, bilateral rupture, and south-to-north rupture. For each rupture length and hypocenter, we consider multiple random distributions of slip. We use two approaches to account for how aseismic creep might reduce coseismic slip. For one subset of scenarios, we follow the slip-predictable approach and reduce the nominal slip in creeping regions according to the creep rate and time since the most recent earthquake, whereas for another subset of scenarios we apply a vertical gradient to the nominal slip in creeping regions. The rupture models include local variations in rupture speed and use a ray-tracing algorithm to propagate the rupture front. Although we are not attempting to simulate the 1868 Hayward fault earthquake in detail, a few of the scenarios are designed to have source parameters that might be similar to this historical event.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120090324","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Aagaard, B.T., Graves, R.W., Schwartz, D.P., Ponce, D.A., and Graymer, R.W., 2010, Ground-motion modeling of Hayward fault scenario earthquakes, part I: Construction of the suite of scenarios: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 100, no. 6, p. 2927-2944, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090324.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2927","endPage":"2944","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217923,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090324"}],"country":"United States","volume":"100","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2b6ce4b0c8380cd5b978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, Robert W. rwgraves@usgs.gov","contributorId":3149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037512,"text":"70037512 - 2010 - Influences of acid mine drainage and thermal enrichment on stream fish reproduction and larval survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037512","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of acid mine drainage and thermal enrichment on stream fish reproduction and larval survival","docAbstract":"Potential effects of acid mine drainage (AMD) and thermal enrichment on the reproduction of fishes were investigated through a larval-trapping survey in the Stony River watershed, Grant County, WV. Trapping was conducted at seven sites from 26 March to 2 July 2004. Overall larval catch was low (379 individuals in 220 hours of trapping). More larval White Suckers were captured than all other species. Vectors fitted to nonparametric multidimensional scaling ordinations suggested that temperature was highly correlated to fish communities captured at our sites. Survival of larval Fathead Minnows was examined in situ at six sites from 13 May to 11 June 2004 in the same system. Larval survival was lower, but not significantly different between sites directly downstream of AMD-impacted tributaries (40% survival) and non-AMD sites (52% survival). The lower survival was caused by a significant mortality event at one site that coincided with acute pH depression in an AMD tributary immediately upstream of the site. Results from a Cox proportional hazard test suggests that low pH is having a significant negative influence on larval fish survival in this system. The results from this research indicate that the combination of low pH events and elevated temperature are negatively influencing the larval fish populations of the Stony River watershed. Management actions that address these problems would have the potential to substantially increase both reproduction rates and larval survival, therefore greatly enhancing the fishery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/045.017.0405","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Hafs, A.W., Horn, C., Mazik, P.M., and Hartman, K., 2010, Influences of acid mine drainage and thermal enrichment on stream fish reproduction and larval survival: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 17, no. 4, p. 575-592, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.017.0405.","startPage":"575","endPage":"592","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218096,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.017.0405"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b9be4b0c8380cd626c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hafs, Andrew W.","contributorId":57308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafs","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horn, C.D.","contributorId":83773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazik, P. M.","contributorId":14185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartman, K.J.","contributorId":64007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037509,"text":"70037509 - 2010 - Phytochemistry of the fossilized-cuticle frond Macroneuropteris macrophylla (Pennsylvanian seed fern, Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037509","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytochemistry of the fossilized-cuticle frond Macroneuropteris macrophylla (Pennsylvanian seed fern, Canada)","docAbstract":"In Canada's Sydney Coalfield, specimens of the extinct Carboniferous seed fern Macroneuropteris macrophylla (Brongniart) invariably show preservation stages intermediate between compression and fossilized-cuticle, even concerning a single pinnule. In this interdisciplinary approach, we study a ca. 300 to 350 mm long fossilized-cuticle-preserved frond section of M. macrophylla (Brongniart) that represents about one third of the length of a frond that was originally 1 m long. Size and preservation allow us to study the phytochemistry of the cuticle biomacropolymers over the length of the frond to assess what impact, if any, results would have on Carboniferous palaeophytochemotaxonomy. For comparison, the phytochemistry of compressions with their extracted cuticles from the same species and the same sample locality is also investigated. We use solid- and liquid-state, semi-quantitative Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the chemical characterization of the frond.Based on our results, we infer an essentially uniform phytochemistry over the fossilized-cuticle frond, suggesting that only a single pinnule needs to be analyzed to get an overall phytochemical picture of the frond, which has been our long-time working hypothesis. We distinguish between phytochemistry and cutinization. The latter is much less pronounced above than below the frond dichotomy, and we suggest a palaeoecological cause, rather than differing pathways of organic matter transformation. Moreover, cuticles below and above the frond dichotomy have essentially the same epidermal pattern, but those from below have features that may have been an adaptation to prevent stomatal flooding during the tropical, rainy season.This study suggests that chemically the fossilized-cuticle is more similar to the compression than to the cuticle obtained from that compression of the same species which invites reevaluation of the classical compression concept. ?? 2010 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2010.07.008","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., D’Angelo, J.A., Mastalerz, M., Cleal, C., and Keefe, D., 2010, Phytochemistry of the fossilized-cuticle frond Macroneuropteris macrophylla (Pennsylvanian seed fern, Canada): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 84, no. 2, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2010.07.008.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2010.07.008"},{"id":246051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b2fe4b0c8380cd792d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Angelo, J. A.","contributorId":35133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Angelo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleal, C.J.","contributorId":37996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleal","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keefe, D.","contributorId":25019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037507,"text":"70037507 - 2010 - Seismic imaging of a fractured gas hydrate system in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037507","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic imaging of a fractured gas hydrate system in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore India","docAbstract":"Gas hydrate was discovered in the Krishna-Godavari (KG) Basin during the India National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 1 at Site NGHP-01-10 within a fractured clay-dominated sedimentary system. Logging-while-drilling (LWD), coring, and wire-line logging confirmed gas hydrate dominantly in fractures at four borehole sites spanning a 500m transect. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic data were subsequently used to image the fractured system and explain the occurrence of gas hydrate associated with the fractures. A system of two fault-sets was identified, part of a typical passive margin tectonic setting. The LWD-derived fracture network at Hole NGHP-01-10A is to some extent seen in the seismic data and was mapped using seismic coherency attributes. The fractured system around Site NGHP-01-10 extends over a triangular-shaped area of ~2.5 km2 defined using seismic attributes of the seafloor reflection, as well as \" seismic sweetness\" at the base of the gas hydrate occurrence zone. The triangular shaped area is also showing a polygonal (nearly hexagonal) fault pattern, distinct from other more rectangular fault patterns observed in the study area. The occurrence of gas hydrate at Site NGHP-01-10 is the result of a specific combination of tectonic fault orientations and the abundance of free gas migration from a deeper gas source. The triangular-shaped area of enriched gas hydrate occurrence is bound by two faults acting as migration conduits. Additionally, the fault-associated sediment deformation provides a possible migration pathway for the free gas from the deeper gas source into the gas hydrate stability zone. It is proposed that there are additional locations in the KG Basin with possible gas hydrate accumulation of similar tectonic conditions, and one such location was identified from the 3D seismic data ~6 km NW of Site NGHP-01-10. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.06.002","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Riedel, M., Collett, T.S., Kumar, P., Sathe, A., and Cook, A., 2010, Seismic imaging of a fractured gas hydrate system in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore India: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 27, no. 7, p. 1476-1493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.06.002.","startPage":"1476","endPage":"1493","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.06.002"},{"id":246038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b24e4b08c986b317610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, P.","contributorId":45476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sathe, A.V.","contributorId":11454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sathe","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, A.","contributorId":88174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037505,"text":"70037505 - 2010 - Grid-size dependence of Cauchy boundary conditions used to simulate stream-aquifer interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-02T19:09:06","indexId":"70037505","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grid-size dependence of Cauchy boundary conditions used to simulate stream-aquifer interactions","docAbstract":"This work examines the simulation of stream–aquifer interactions as grids are refined vertically and horizontally and suggests that traditional methods for calculating conductance can produce inappropriate values when the grid size is changed. Instead, different grid resolutions require different estimated values. Grid refinement strategies considered include global refinement of the entire model and local refinement of part of the stream. Three methods of calculating the conductance of the Cauchy boundary conditions are investigated. Single- and multi-layer models with narrow and wide streams produced stream leakages that differ by as much as 122% as the grid is refined. Similar results occur for globally and locally refined grids, but the latter required as little as one-quarter the computer execution time and memory and thus are useful for addressing some scale issues of stream–aquifer interactions. Results suggest that existing grid-size criteria for simulating stream–aquifer interactions are useful for one-layer models, but inadequate for three-dimensional models. The grid dependence of the conductance terms suggests that values for refined models using, for example, finite difference or finite-element methods, cannot be determined from previous coarse-grid models or field measurements. Our examples demonstrate the need for a method of obtaining conductances that can be translated to different grid resolutions and provide definitive test cases for investigating alternative conductance formulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.01.008","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., and Hill, M.C., 2010, Grid-size dependence of Cauchy boundary conditions used to simulate stream-aquifer interactions: Advances in Water Resources, v. 33, no. 4, p. 430-442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.01.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"430","endPage":"442","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.01.008"},{"id":246022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a70e4b0c8380cd5b1a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037501,"text":"70037501 - 2010 - The sedimentology and dynamics of crater-affiliated wind streaks in western Arabia Terra, Mars and Patagonia, Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70037501","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The sedimentology and dynamics of crater-affiliated wind streaks in western Arabia Terra, Mars and Patagonia, Argentina","docAbstract":"Wind streaks comprise recent aeolian deposits that have been extensively documented on Venus, Earth and Mars. Martian wind streaks are among the most abundant surface features on the planet and commonly extend from the downwind margins of impact craters. Previous studies of wind streaks emerging from crater interior deposits suggested that the mode of emplacement was primarily related to the deposition of silt-sized particles as these settled from plumes. We have performed geologic investigations of two wind streaks clusters; one situated in western Arabia Terra, a region in the northern hemisphere of Mars, and another in an analogous terrestrial site located in southern Patagonia, Argentina, where occurrences of wind streaks emanate from playas within maar craters. In both these regions we have identified bedforms in sedimentary deposits on crater floors, along wind-facing interior crater margins, and along wind streaks. These observations indicate that these deposits contain sand-sized particles and that sediment migration has occurred via saltation from crater interior deposits to wind streaks. In Arabia Terra and in Patagonia wind streaks initiate from crater floors that contain lithic and evaporitic sedimentary deposits, suggesting that the composition of wind streak source materials has played an important role in development. Spatial and topographic analyses suggest that regional clustering of wind streaks in the studied regions directly correlates to the areal density of craters with interior deposits, the degree of proximity of these deposits, and the craters' rim-to-floor depths. In addition, some (but not all) wind streaks within the studied clusters have propagated at comparable yearly (Earth years) rates. Extensive saltation is inferred to have been involved in its propagation based on the studied terrestrial wind streak that shows ripples and dunes on its surface and the Martian counterpart changes orientation toward the downslope direction where it extends into an impact crater. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.020","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J., Tanaka, K.L., Yamamoto, A., Berman, D., Zimbelman, J.R., Kargel, J., Sasaki, S., Jinguo, Y., and Miyamoto, H., 2010, The sedimentology and dynamics of crater-affiliated wind streaks in western Arabia Terra, Mars and Patagonia, Argentina: Geomorphology, v. 121, no. 1-2, p. 30-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.020.","startPage":"30","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.020"},{"id":245992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb005e4b08c986b324b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, J.A.P.","contributorId":55948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yamamoto, A.","contributorId":33154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berman, D.C.","contributorId":82557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimbelman, J. R.","contributorId":94685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sasaki, S.","contributorId":78534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jinguo, Y.","contributorId":76977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jinguo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miyamoto, H.","contributorId":56831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyamoto","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70033946,"text":"70033946 - 2010 - Do common eiders nest in kin groups? Microgeographic genetic structure in a philopatric sea duck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T22:21:50","indexId":"70033946","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do common eiders nest in kin groups? Microgeographic genetic structure in a philopatric sea duck","docAbstract":"We investigated local genetic associations among female Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) nesting in a stochastic Arctic environment within two groups of barrier islands (Simpson Lagoon and Mikkelsen Bay) in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Nonrandom genetic associations were observed among nesting females using regional spatial autocorrelation analyses for distance classes up to 1000 m in Simpson Lagoon. Nearest-neighbour analyses identified clusters of genetically related females with positive lr values observed for 0-13% and 0-7% of the comparisons in Simpson Lagoon and Mikkelsen Bay, respectively, across years. These results indicate that a proportion of females are nesting in close proximity to more genetically related individuals, albeit at low frequency. Such kin groupings may form through active association between relatives or through natal philopatry and breeding site fidelity. Eiders nest in close association with driftwood, which is redistributed annually by seasonal storms. Yet, genetic associations were still observed. Microgeographic structure may thus be more attributable to kin association than natal philopatry and site fidelity. However, habitat availability may also influence the level of structure observed. Regional structure was present only within Simpson Lagoon and this island group includes at least three islands with sufficient driftwood for colonies, whereas only one island at Mikkelsen Bay has these features. A long-term demographic study is needed to understand more fully the mechanisms that lead to fine-scale genetic structure observed in common eiders breeding in the Beaufort Sea. ?? Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04495.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Talbot, S.L., Lanctot, R., and McCracken, K.G., 2010, Do common eiders nest in kin groups? Microgeographic genetic structure in a philopatric sea duck: Molecular Ecology, v. 19, no. 4, p. 647-657, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04495.x.","startPage":"647","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214538,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04495.x"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a035ee4b0c8380cd50458","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCracken, Kevin G.","contributorId":72309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCracken","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033783,"text":"70033783 - 2010 - The ShakeOut earthquake scenario: Verification of three simulation sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033783","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ShakeOut earthquake scenario: Verification of three simulation sets","docAbstract":"This paper presents a verification of three simulations of the ShakeOut scenario, an Mw 7.8 earthquake on a portion of the San Andreas fault in southern California, conducted by three different groups at the Southern California Earthquake Center using the SCEC Community Velocity Model for this region. We conducted two simulations using the finite difference method, and one by the finite element method, and performed qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the corresponding results. The results are in good agreement with each other; only small differences occur both in amplitude and phase between the various synthetics at ten observation points located near and away from the fault-as far as 150 km away from the fault. Using an available goodness-of-fit criterion all the comparisons scored above 8, with most above 9.2. This score would be regarded as excellent if the measurements were between recorded and synthetic seismograms. We also report results of comparisons based on time-frequency misfit criteria. Results from these two criteria can be used for calibrating the two methods for comparing seismograms. In those cases in which noticeable discrepancies occurred between the seismograms generated by the three groups, we found that they were the product of inherent characteristics of the various numerical methods used and their implementations. In particular, we found that the major source of discrepancy lies in the difference between mesh and grid representations of the same material model. Overall, however, even the largest differences in the synthetic seismograms are small. Thus, given the complexity of the simulations used in this verification, it appears that the three schemes are consistent, reliable and sufficiently accurate and robust for use in future large-scale simulations. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04417.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Bielak, J., Graves, R., Olsen, K., Taborda, R., Ramirez-Guzman, L., Day, S., Ely, G., Roten, D., Jordan, T., Maechling, P., Urbanic, J., Cui, Y., and Juve, G., 2010, The ShakeOut earthquake scenario: Verification of three simulation sets: Geophysical Journal International, v. 180, no. 1, p. 375-404, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04417.x.","startPage":"375","endPage":"404","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487725,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04417.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04417.x"},{"id":242231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8e7e4b08c986b321f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bielak, J.","contributorId":88572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bielak","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, R.W. 0000-0001-9758-453X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":77691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, K.B.","contributorId":66022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taborda, R.","contributorId":19792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taborda","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, L.","contributorId":60459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Day, S.M.","contributorId":41425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ely, G.P.","contributorId":97719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roten, D.","contributorId":73836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roten","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jordan, T.H.","contributorId":83320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Maechling, P.J.","contributorId":24582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maechling","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Urbanic, J.","contributorId":47597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanic","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cui, Y.","contributorId":93717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Juve, G.","contributorId":49993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juve","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70034118,"text":"70034118 - 2010 - The spatial and temporal variability of groundwater recharge in a forested basin in northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034118","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The spatial and temporal variability of groundwater recharge in a forested basin in northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Recharge varies spatially and temporally as it depends on a wide variety of factors (e.g. vegetation, precipitation, climate, topography, geology, and soil type), making it one of the most difficult, complex, and uncertain hydrologic parameters to quantify. Despite its inherent variability, groundwater modellers, planners, and policy makers often ignore recharge variability and assume a single average recharge value for an entire watershed. Relatively few attempts have been made to quantify or incorporate spatial and temporal recharge variability into water resource planning or groundwater modelling efforts. In this study, a simple, daily soil-water balance model was developed and used to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge of the Trout Lake basin of northern Wisconsin for 1996-2000 as a means to quantify recharge variability. For the 5 years of study, annual recharge varied spatially by as much as 18 cm across the basin; vegetation was the predominant control on this variability. Recharge also varied temporally with a threefold annual difference over the 5-year period. Intra-annually, recharge was limited to a few isolated events each year and exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern. The results suggest that ignoring recharge variability may not only be inappropriate, but also, depending on the application, may invalidate model results and predictions for regional and local water budget calculations, water resource management, nutrient cycling, and contaminant transport studies. Recharge is spatially and temporally variable, and should be modelled as such. Copyright ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7497","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Dripps, W.R., and Bradbury, K.R., 2010, The spatial and temporal variability of groundwater recharge in a forested basin in northern Wisconsin: Hydrological Processes, v. 24, no. 4, p. 383-392, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7497.","startPage":"383","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216690,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7497"},{"id":244575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb059e4b08c986b324ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dripps, W. R.","contributorId":27978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dripps","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037358,"text":"70037358 - 2010 - Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:57:13","indexId":"70037358","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence","docAbstract":"Although livestock operations are known to harbor elevated levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria, few studies have examined the potential of livestock waste lagoons to reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and examine the behavior of tetracycline [tet(O) and tet(W)] and sulfonamide [sul(I) and su/(II)] ARGsin a broad cross-section of livestock lagoons within the same semiarid western watershed. ARGs were monitored for one year in the water and the settled solids of eight lagoon systems by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, antibiotic residues and various bulk water quality constituents were analyzed. It was found that the lagoons of the chicken layer operation had the lowest concentrations of both tet and sul ARGs and low total antibiotic concentrations, whereas su ARGs were highest in the swine lagoons, which generally corresponded to the highest total antibiotic concentrations. A marginal benefit of organic and small dairy operations also was observed compared to conventional and large dairies, respectively. In all lagoons, su ARGs were observed to be generally more recalcitrant than tet ARGs. Also, positive correlations of various bulk water quality constituents were identified with tet ARGs but not sul ARGs. Significant positive correlations were identified between several metals and tet ARGs, but Pearson's correlation coefficients were mostly lower than those determined between antibiotic residues and ARGs. This study represents a quantitative characterization of ARGs in lagoons across a variety of livestock operations and provides insight into potential options for managing antibiotic resistance emanating from agricultural activities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es9038165","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McKinney, C., Loftin, K.A., Meyer, M.T., Davis, J., and Pruden, A., 2010, Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 16, p. 6102-6109, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9038165.","productDescription":"8p.","startPage":"6102","endPage":"6109","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9038165"}],"volume":"44","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5e5e4b08c986b320d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, C.W.","contributorId":7943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.G.","contributorId":9447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruden, A.","contributorId":11451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037315,"text":"70037315 - 2010 - Estimates of density, detection probability, and factors influencing detection of burrowing owls in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037315","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of density, detection probability, and factors influencing detection of burrowing owls in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"We estimated relative abundance and density of Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) at two sites in the Mojave Desert (200304). We made modifications to previously established Burrowing Owl survey techniques for use in desert shrublands and evaluated several factors that might influence the detection of owls. We tested the effectiveness of the call-broadcast technique for surveying this species, the efficiency of this technique at early and late breeding stages, and the effectiveness of various numbers of vocalization intervals during broadcasting sessions. Only 1 (3) of 31 initial (new) owl responses was detected during passive-listening sessions. We found that surveying early in the nesting season was more likely to produce new owl detections compared to surveying later in the nesting season. New owls detected during each of the three vocalization intervals (each consisting of 30 sec of vocalizations followed by 30 sec of silence) of our broadcasting session were similar (37, 40, and 23; n 30). We used a combination of detection trials (sighting probability) and double-observer method to estimate the components of detection probability, i.e., availability and perception. Availability for all sites and years, as determined by detection trials, ranged from 46.158.2. Relative abundance, measured as frequency of occurrence and defined as the proportion of surveys with at least one owl, ranged from 19.232.0 for both sites and years. Density at our eastern Mojave Desert site was estimated at 0.09 ?? 0.01 (SE) owl territories/km2 and 0.16 ?? 0.02 (SE) owl territories/km2 during 2003 and 2004, respectively. In our southern Mojave Desert site, density estimates were 0.09 ?? 0.02 (SE) owl territories/km2 and 0.08 ?? 0.02 (SE) owl territories/km 2 during 2004 and 2005, respectively. ?? 2010 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3356/JRR-08-40.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Crowe, D., and Longshore, K., 2010, Estimates of density, detection probability, and factors influencing detection of burrowing owls in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 44, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-40.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475929,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-08-40.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217319,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-40.1"},{"id":245257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0adce4b0c8380cd52483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowe, D.E.","contributorId":43600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowe","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longshore, K.M.","contributorId":70337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037291,"text":"70037291 - 2010 - A palynological biozonation for the uppermost Santonian and Campanian Stages (Upper Cretaceous) of South Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037291","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A palynological biozonation for the uppermost Santonian and Campanian Stages (Upper Cretaceous) of South Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"Five palynological biozones are proposed for the uppermost Santonian and Campanian Stages of South Carolina. In ascending stratigraphic order, these highest-occurrence interval zones are the Osculapollis vestibulus (Ov) Biozone, the Holkopollenites propinquus (Hp) Biozone, the Holkopollenites forix (Hf) Biozone, the Complexiopollis abditus (Ca) Biozone, and the Osculapollis aequalis (Oa) Biozone. These biozones are based on an analysis of more than 400 subsurface and outcrop samples throughout the Coastal Plain Province of South Carolina, and the adjacent states of Georgia and North Carolina. Integration of the biostratigraphy with lithostratigraphy and geophysical log data suggests that the lower and upper boundaries of each biozone are bounded by regional unconformities. Five new species are described, and an emendation is presented for one additional species. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cretaceous Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.004","issn":"01956671","usgsCitation":"Christopher, R.A., and Prowell, D., 2010, A palynological biozonation for the uppermost Santonian and Campanian Stages (Upper Cretaceous) of South Carolina, USA: Cretaceous Research, v. 31, no. 2, p. 101-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.004.","startPage":"101","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.004"},{"id":245350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d1e4b0c8380cd4694e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christopher, R. A.","contributorId":53775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prowell, D.C.","contributorId":95475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037229,"text":"70037229 - 2010 - Hierarchical spatial models for predicting pygmy rabbit distribution and relative abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037229","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical spatial models for predicting pygmy rabbit distribution and relative abundance","docAbstract":"Conservationists routinely use species distribution models to plan conservation, restoration and development actions, while ecologists use them to infer process from pattern. These models tend to work well for common or easily observable species, but are of limited utility for rare and cryptic species. This may be because honest accounting of known observation bias and spatial autocorrelation are rarely included, thereby limiting statistical inference of resulting distribution maps. We specified and implemented a spatially explicit Bayesian hierarchical model for a cryptic mammal species (pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis). Our approach used two levels of indirect sign that are naturally hierarchical (burrows and faecal pellets) to build a model that allows for inference on regression coefficients as well as spatially explicit model parameters. We also produced maps of rabbit distribution (occupied burrows) and relative abundance (number of burrows expected to be occupied by pygmy rabbits). The model demonstrated statistically rigorous spatial prediction by including spatial autocorrelation and measurement uncertainty. We demonstrated flexibility of our modelling framework by depicting probabilistic distribution predictions using different assumptions of pygmy rabbit habitat requirements. Spatial representations of the variance of posterior predictive distributions were obtained to evaluate heterogeneity in model fit across the spatial domain. Leave-one-out cross-validation was conducted to evaluate the overall model fit. Synthesis and applications. Our method draws on the strengths of previous work, thereby bridging and extending two active areas of ecological research: species distribution models and multi-state occupancy modelling. Our framework can be extended to encompass both larger extents and other species for which direct estimation of abundance is difficult. ?? 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation ?? 2010 British Ecological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01766.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T., Odei, J., Hooten, M., and Edwards, T., 2010, Hierarchical spatial models for predicting pygmy rabbit distribution and relative abundance: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 47, no. 2, p. 401-409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01766.x.","startPage":"401","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01766.x"},{"id":245315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30a3e4b0c8380cd5d801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, T.L.","contributorId":78561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odei, J.B.","contributorId":91339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odei","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, M.B.","contributorId":50261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037228,"text":"70037228 - 2010 - Dramatic beach and nearshore morphological changes due to extreme flooding at a wave-dominated river mouth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T14:42:27","indexId":"70037228","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dramatic beach and nearshore morphological changes due to extreme flooding at a wave-dominated river mouth","docAbstract":"Record flooding on the Santa Clara River of California (USA) during January 2005 injected ∼ 5 million m3 of littoral-grade sediment into the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell, approximately an order of magnitude more than both the average annual river loads and the average annual alongshore littoral transport in this portion of the cell. This event appears to be the largest sediment transport event on record for a Southern California river. Over 170 m of local shoreline (mean high water (MHW)) progradation was observed as a result of the flood, followed by 3 years of rapid local shoreline recession. During this post-flood stage, linear regression-determined shoreline change rates are up to −45 m a− 1 on the subaerial beach (MHW) and − 114 m a− 1 on the submarine delta (6 m isobath). Starting approximately 1 km downdrift of the river mouth, shoreline progradation persisted throughout the 3-year post-flood monitoring period, with rates up to + 19 m a− 1. Post-flood bathymetric surveys show nearshore (0 to 12 m depth) erosion on the delta exceeding 400 m3/m a− 1, more than an order of magnitude higher than mean seasonal cross-shore sediment transport rates in the region. Changes were not constant with depth, however; sediment accumulation and subsequent erosion on the delta were greatest at − 5 to − 8 m, and accretion in downdrift areas was greatest above –2 m. Thus, this research shows that the topographic bulge (or “wave”) of sediment exhibited both advective and diffusive changes with time, although there were significant variations in the rates of change with depth. The advection and diffusion of the shoreline position was adequately reproduced with a simple “one line” model, although these modeling techniques miss the important cross-shore variations observed in this area. This study illustrates the importance of understanding low-frequency, high volume coastal discharge events for understanding short- and long-term sediment supply, littoral transport, and beach and nearshore evolution in coastal systems adjacent to river mouths.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2010.01.018","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., and Warrick, J., 2010, Dramatic beach and nearshore morphological changes due to extreme flooding at a wave-dominated river mouth: Marine Geology, v. 271, no. 1-2, p. 131-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.01.018.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":528,"text":"Pacific Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217369,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.01.018"},{"id":245314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03d4e4b0c8380cd50684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}