{"pageNumber":"206","pageRowStart":"5125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":97271,"text":"sir20085060 - 2008 - Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:30:20","indexId":"sir20085060","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5060","title":"Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The Scituate Reservoir is the primary source of drinking water for more than 60 percent of the population of Rhode Island. Water-quality data and streamflow data collected at 37 surface-water monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, from October 1, 1995 through September 30, 2002, (water years (WY) 1996-2002) were analyzed to determine water-quality conditions and constituent loads in the drainage area. Trends in water quality, including physical properties and concentrations of constituents, were investigated for the same period and for a longer period from October 1, 1982 through September 30, 2002 (WY 1983-2002). Water samples were collected and analyzed by Providence Water Supply Board, the agency that manages the Scituate Reservoir. Streamflow data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. Median values and other summary statistics were calculated for WY 1996-2002 for all 37 monitoring stations for pH, color, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, orthophosphate, iron, and manganese. Instantaneous loads and yields (loads per unit area) of total coliform and E. coli bacteria (indicator bacteria), chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, iron, and manganese were calculated for all sampling dates during WY 1996-2002 for the 23 stations with streamflow data. Values of physical properties and concentrations of constituents were compared to State and Federal water-quality standards and guidelines, and were related to streamflow, land-use characteristics, and road density.\r\n\r\nTributary stream water in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area for WY 1996-2002 was slightly acidic (median pH of all stations equal to 6.1) and contained low concentrations of chloride (median 13 milligrams per liter (mg/L)), nitrate (median 0.04 mg/L as N), and orthophosphate (median 0.04 mg/L as P). Turbidity and alkalinity values also were low with median values of 0.62 nephelometric turbidity units and 4.8 mg/L as calcium carbonate, respectively. Indicator bacteria were detected in samples from all stations, but median concentrations were low, 23 and 9 colony-forming units per 100 mL for total coliform and E. coli bacteria, respectively. Median values of several physical properties and median concentrations of several constituents that can be related to human activities correlated positively with the percentages of developed land and correlated negatively with the percentages of forest cover in the drainage areas of the monitoring stations. Median concentrations of chloride also correlated positively with the density of roads in the drainage areas of monitoring stations, likely reflecting the effects of road-salt applications. Median values of color correlated positively with the percentages of wetlands in the drainage areas of monitoring stations, reflecting the natural sources of color in tributary stream waters. Negative correlations of turbidity, indicator bacteria, and chloride with streamflow likely reflect seasonal patterns, in which higher values and concentrations of these properties and constituents occur during low-flow conditions at the ends of water years. Similar seasonal patterns were observed for pH, alkalinity, and color.\r\n\r\nLoads and yields of chloride, nitrate, orthophosphate, and bacteria varied among monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Loads generally were higher at stations with larger drainage areas and at stations in the eastern, more developed parts of the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Yields generally were higher at stations in the eastern parts of the drainage area. Upward trends in pH were identified for nearly half the monitoring stations and may reflect regional reductions in acid precipitation. Upward and downward trends were identified in chloride concentrations at various stations; upward trends may reflect the effects of increasing development, whereas strong downward trends at","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Nimiroski, M.T., DeSimone, L., and Waldron, M.C., 2008, Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5060, viii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085060.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.","temporalStart":"1983-10-01","temporalEnd":"2002-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5060.jpg"},{"id":12321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.5,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.5,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimiroski, Mark T.","contributorId":65898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimiroski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97221,"text":"fs20083088 - 2008 - Use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to Obtain High-Resolution Elevation Data for Sussex County, Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"fs20083088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3088","title":"Use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to Obtain High-Resolution Elevation Data for Sussex County, Delaware","docAbstract":"Sussex County, Delaware, occupies a 938-square-mile area of low relief near sea level in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The county is bounded on the east by the Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, including a barrier-island system, and inland bays that provide habitat for valuable living resources. Eastern Sussex County is an area of rapid population growth with a long-established beach-resort community, where land elevation is a key factor in determining areas that are appropriate for development. Of concern to State and local planners are evacuation routes inland to escape flooding from severe coastal storms, as most major transportation routes traverse areas of low elevation that are subject to inundation. The western half of the county is typically rural in character, and land use is largely agricultural with some scattered forest land cover. Western Sussex County has several low-relief river flood-prone areas, where accurate high-resolution elevation data are needed for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) studies.\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet describes the methods and techniques used to collect and process LiDAR elevation data, the generation of the digital elevation model (DEM) and the 2-foot contours, and the quality-assurance procedures and results. It indicates where to view metadata on the data sets and where to acquire bare-earth mass points, DEM data, and contour data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Barlow, R.A., Nardi, M.R., and Reyes, B., 2008, Use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to Obtain High-Resolution Elevation Data for Sussex County, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3088, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083088.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3088.jpg"},{"id":12270,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.83333333333333,38.416666666666664 ], [ -75.83333333333333,39 ], [ -75,39 ], [ -75,38.416666666666664 ], [ -75.83333333333333,38.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Roger A. rbarlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":2824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Roger","email":"rbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nardi, Mark R. 0000-0002-7310-8050 mrnardi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-8050","contributorId":1859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardi","given":"Mark","email":"mrnardi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reyes, Betzaida 0000-0002-1398-0824 breyes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-0824","contributorId":2250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Betzaida","email":"breyes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97209,"text":"sir20085223 - 2008 - Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T21:57:50.485022","indexId":"sir20085223","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5223","title":"Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Potential flow characteristics of future flooding along a 4.8-mile reach of the Flint River in Albany, Georgia, were simulated using recent digital-elevation-model data and the U.S. Geological Survey finite-element surface-water modeling system for two-dimensional flow in the horizontal plane (FESWMS-2DH). The model was run at four water-surface altitudes at the Flint River at Albany streamgage (02352500): 181.5-foot (ft) altitude with a flow of 61,100 cubic feet per second (ft</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s), 184.5-ft altitude with a flow of 75,400 ft</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s, 187.5-ft altitude with a flow of 91,700 ft</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s, and 192.5-ft altitude with a flow of 123,000 ft</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s. The model was run to measure changes in inundated areas and water-surface altitudes for eight scenarios of possible modifications to the 4.8-mile reach on the Flint River. The eight scenarios include removing a human-made peninsula located downstream from Oglethorpe Boulevard, increasing the opening under the Oakridge Drive bridge, adding culverts to the east Oakridge Drive bridge approach, adding culverts to the east and west Oakridge Drive bridge approaches, adding an overflow across the oxbow north of Oakridge Drive, making the overflow into a channel, removing the Oakridge Drive bridge, and adding a combination of an oxbow overflow and culverts on both Oakridge Drive bridge approaches. The modeled inundation and water-surface altitude changes were mapped for use in evaluating the river modifications. The most effective scenario at reducing inundated area was the combination scenario. At the 187.5-ft altitude, the inundated area decreased from 4.24 square miles to 4.00 square miles. The remove-peninsula scenario was the least effective with a reduction in inundated area of less than 0.01 square miles. In all scenarios, the inundated area reduction increased with water-surface altitude, peaking at the 187.5-ft altitude. The inundated area reduction then decreased at the gage altitude of 192.5 ft.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Albany, Georgia, and Dougherty County, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Musser, J.W., 2008, Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5223, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085223.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96512.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany","otherGeospatial":"Flint River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.1833,\n              31.6072\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.1833,\n              31.5375\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.1231,\n              31.5375\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.1231,\n              31.6072\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.1833,\n              31.6072\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a10e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musser, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-3543-0807 jwmusser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0807","contributorId":2266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musser","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwmusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97202,"text":"sir20085087 - 2008 - Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20085087","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5087","title":"Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression","docAbstract":"Water levels beneath parts of Averill Park, a residential hamlet in an upland area of till-mantled shale bedrock in east-central New York, have declined in response to increased withdrawals from new wells. Similar experiences in many upland localities in the northeastern United States have resulted in awareness that the rate of recharge to bedrock can be an important constraint on the density of new development in uplands. Recharge at Averill Park was calculated on the basis of careful estimation of pumpage within a defined cone of depression. The data-collection and recharge-estimation procedures documented herein could be applied in a variety of upland localities in support of community-planning studies.\r\n\r\nStatic water levels measured in 145 wells at Averill Park during the late summer of 2002 defined a 0.54-square-mile cone of depression within which ground-water discharge took place entirely as withdrawals from wells. Rates of withdrawal were estimated largely from surveys in similar neighborhoods a few miles away served by public water supply. Comparison of the water-level measurements in 2002 with measurements on other dates revealed localized declines that could be attributed to new housing developments or commercial demands, but also demonstrated that water levels in 2002 within the cone of depression had stabilized and were not declining persistently over time. Therefore, the current withdrawals were equated to recharge from infiltrating precipitation. Recharge within this area was estimated to average 104 gallons per day per acre, equivalent to 1.4 inches annually, and was sufficient to sustain a residential population of 1.9 persons per acre. This recharge rate is much lower than rates estimated from streamflow records for upland watersheds elsewhere in the northeastern United States. This rate is an average of an unknown larger rate in the 30 percent of the study area where bedrock is discontinuously overlain by less than 30 feet of till and an unknown smaller rate in the remainder of the area where bedrock is overlain by thick till in the form of drumlins. The spatial variation in rate of recharge is inferred from the fact that high heads and strong downward gradients in bedrock, and very hard water with high chloride concentrations caused by winter highway runoff, are largely restricted to the area of discontinuous, thin till.\r\n\r\nWells less than 180 feet deep and distant from highways typically yield water of moderate hardness (50-170 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate) that is caused by dissolution of limestone fragments in the till. Some wells that are more than 180 feet deep yield very soft water (0-50 milligrams per liter) with high pH and high sodium concentrations resulting from ion exchange within the bedrock. Nearly all wells in some areas of thick till yield very soft water.\r\n\r\nMost wells near the center of Averill Park yield less than 3 gallons per minute. The likelihood of obtaining an additional 2 gallons per minute or more by drilling deeper than 200 feet is calculated to be about 25 percent. Most wells west and southwest of the center yield at least 3 gallons per minute, and the liklihood of obtaining an additional 2 gallons per minute or more by drilling deeper than 200 feet is about 50 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085087","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., and Finch, A., 2008, Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5087, Report: vi, 79 p.; 3 Plates: each 18 x 24 inches; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085087.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 79 p.; 3 Plates: each 18 x 24 inches; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":206,"text":"Cooperative Water Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"6000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.56694444444445,42.61694444444444 ], [ -73.56694444444445,42.65 ], [ -73.53361111111111,42.65 ], [ -73.53361111111111,42.61694444444444 ], [ -73.56694444444445,42.61694444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64499a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, Anne","contributorId":27088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97199,"text":"sim2777 - 2008 - Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T10:39:23","indexId":"sim2777","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2777","title":"Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"This 1:100,000-scale digital geologic map details the complex Early Proterozoic granitic rocks, Early Proterozoic supracrustal metamorphic rocks, and Archean crystalline basement of the Black Hills. The granitic rocks host pegmatite deposits renowned for their feldspar, mica, spodumene, and beryl. The supracrustal rocks host the Homestake gold mine, which produced more than 40 million ounces of gold over a 125-year lifetime. The map documents the Laramide deformation of Paleozoic and Mesozoic cover rocks; and shows the distribution of Laramide plutonic rocks associated with precious-metals deposits. Four 1:300,000-scale maps summarize Laramide structures; Early Proterozoic structures; aeromagnetic anomalies; and gravity anomalies. Three 1:500,000-scale maps show geophysical interpretations of buried Early Proterozoic to Archean rocks in western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2777","isbn":"9781411322141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Foundation","usgsCitation":"Redden, J., and DeWitt, E., 2008, Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2777, Report: iv, 44 p.; 2 Map Sheets - Sheet 1: 44 x 61.5 inches, Sheet 2: 43 x 57 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2777.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 44 p.; 2 Map Sheets - Sheet 1: 44 x 61.5 inches, Sheet 2: 43 x 57 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":169,"text":"Central Mineral Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110802,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86264.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86264"},{"id":195790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_pamphlet_508.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349843,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349844,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"14.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349845,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"scale":"0","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,43.5 ], [ -104,44.5 ], [ -103,44.5 ], [ -103,43.5 ], [ -104,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69bd85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redden, Jack A.","contributorId":107347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redden","given":"Jack A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97195,"text":"sir20085002 - 2008 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:13:26.180599","indexId":"sir20085002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5002","displayTitle":"Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, Using Variable-Direction Anisotropy in Hydraulic Conductivity to Represent Bedrock Structure","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow was simulated using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent the folded, fractured sedimentary rocks that underlie the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia and West Virginia. The anisotropy is a consequence of the orientations of fractures that provide preferential flow paths through the rock, such that the direction of maximum hydraulic conductivity is oriented within bedding planes, which generally strike N30 deg E; the direction of minimum hydraulic conductivity is perpendicular to the bedding. The finite-element model SUTRA was used to specify variable directions of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor in order to represent changes in the strike and dip of the bedding throughout the valley.\r\n\r\nThe folded rocks in the valley are collectively referred to as the Massanutten synclinorium, which contains about a 5-km thick section of clastic and carbonate rocks. For the model, the bedrock was divided into four units: a 300-m thick top unit with 10 equally spaced layers through which most ground water is assumed to flow, and three lower units each containing 5 layers of increasing thickness that correspond to the three major rock units in the valley: clastic, carbonate and metamorphic rocks. A separate zone in the carbonate rocks that is overlain by colluvial gravel - called the western-toe carbonate unit - was also distinguished.\r\n\r\nHydraulic-conductivity values were estimated through model calibration for each of the four rock units, using data from 354 wells and 23 streamflow-gaging stations. Conductivity tensors for metamorphic and western-toe carbonate rocks were assumed to be isotropic, while conductivity tensors for carbonate and clastic rocks were assumed to be anisotropic. The directions of the conductivity tensor for carbonate and clastic rocks were interpolated for each mesh element from a stack of 'form surfaces' that provided a three-dimensional representation of bedrock structure. Model simulations were run with (1) variable strike and dip, in which conductivity tensors were aligned with the strike and dip of the bedding, and (2) uniform strike in which conductivity tensors were assumed to be horizontally isotropic with the maximum conductivity direction parallel to the N30 deg E axis of the valley and the minimum conductivity direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Simulated flow penetrated deeper into the aquifer system with the uniform-strike tensor than with the variable-strike-and-dip tensor. Sensitivity analyses suggest that additional information on recharge rates would increase confidence in the estimated parameter values.\r\n\r\nTwo applications of the model were conducted - the first, to determine depth of recent ground-water flow by simulating the distribution of ground-water ages, showed that most shallow ground water is less than 10 years old. Ground-water age distributions computed by variable-strike-and-dip and uniform-strike models were similar, but differed beneath Massanutten Mountain in the center of the valley. The variable-strike-and-dip model simulated flow from west to east parallel to the bedding of the carbonate rocks beneath Massanutten Mountain, while the uniform-strike model, in which flow was largely controlled by topography, simulated this same area as an east-west ground-water divide. The second application, which delineated capture zones for selected well fields in the valley, showed that capture zones delineated with both models were similar in plan view, but differed in vertical extent. Capture zones simulated by the variable-strike-and-dip model extended downdip with the bedding of carbonate rock and were relatively shallow, while those simulated by the uniform-strike model extended to the bottom of the flow system, which is unrealistic. These results suggest that simulations of ground-water flow through folded fractured rock can be constructed using SUTRA to represent variable orientations of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor and produce a","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085002","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Southworth, S.C., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5002, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085002.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/pdf/SIR2008-5002.pdf"},{"id":122425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5002.jpg"},{"id":420918,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86266.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,40 ], [ -77.5,40 ], [ -77.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Southworth, Scott C.","contributorId":93348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97184,"text":"sir20085232 - 2008 - Water-quality effects and characterization of indicators of onsite wastewater disposal systems in the east-central Black Hills area, South Dakota, 2006-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:17:14","indexId":"sir20085232","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5232","title":"Water-quality effects and characterization of indicators of onsite wastewater disposal systems in the east-central Black Hills area, South Dakota, 2006-08","docAbstract":"Onsite wastewater disposal systems (OWDS) are used extensively in the Black Hills of South Dakota where many of the watersheds and aquifers are characterized by fractured or solution-enhanced bedrock with thin soil cover. A study was conducted during 2006-08 to characterize water-quality effects and indicators of OWDS. Water samples were collected and analyzed for potential indicators of OWDS, including chloride, bromide, boron, nitrite plus nitrate (NO2+NO3), ammonia, major ions, nutrients, selected trace elements, isotopes of nitrate, microbiological indicators, and organic wastewater compounds (OWCs). The microbiological indicators were fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), enterococci, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), and coliphages. Sixty ground-water sampling sites were located either downgradient from areas of dense OWDS or in background areas and included 25 monitoring wells, 34 private wells, and 1 spring. Nine surface-water sampling sites were located on selected streams and tributaries either downstream or upstream from residential development within the Precambrian setting. Sampling results were grouped by their hydrogeologic setting: alluvial, Spearfish, Minnekahta, and Precambrian. \r\n\r\nMean downgradient dissolved NO2+NO3 concentrations in ground water for the alluvial, Spearfish, Minnekahta, and Precambrian settings were 0.734, 7.90, 8.62, and 2.25 milligrams per liter (mg/L), respectively. Mean downgradient dissolved chloride concentrations in ground water for these settings were 324, 89.6, 498, and 33.2 mg/L, respectively. Mean downgradient dissolved boron concentrations in ground water for these settings were 736, 53, 64, and 43 micrograms per liter (ug/L), respectively. Mean dissolved surface-water concentrations for NO2+NO3, chloride, and boron for downstream sites were 0.222 mg/L, 32.1 mg/L, and 28 ug/L, respectively.\r\n\r\nMean values of delta-15N and delta-18O (isotope ratios of 14N to 15N and 18O to 16O relative to standard ratios) for nitrate in ground-water samples were 10.4 and -2.0 per mil (0/100), respectively, indicating a relatively small contribution from synthetic fertilizer and probably a substantial contribution from OWDS. The surface-water sample with the highest dissolved NO2+NO3 concentration of 1.6 mg/L had a delta-15N value of 12.36 0/100, which indicates warm-blooded animals (including humans) as the nitrate source.\r\n\r\nFecal coliforms were detected in downgradient ground water most frequently in the Spearfish (19 percent) and Minnekahta (9.7 percent) settings. E. coli was detected most frequently in the Minnekahta (29 percent) and Spearfish (13 percent) settings. Enterococci were detected more frequently than other microbiological indicators in all four settings. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were detected in 73 percent and 95 percent of all surface-water samples, respectively. Enterococci, coliphages (somatic), and C. perfringens were detected in 50, 70, and 50 percent of surface-water samples, respectively.\r\n\r\nOf the 62 OWC analytes, 12 were detected only in environmental samples, 10 were detected in at least one environmental and one blank sample (not necessarily companion pairs), 2 were detected only in blank samples, and 38 were not detected in any blank, environmental, or replicate sample from either ground or surface water. Eleven different organic compounds were detected in ground-water samples at eight different sites. The most frequently occurring compound was DEET, which was found in 32 percent of the environmental samples, followed by tetrachloroethene, which was detected in 20 percent of the samples. For surface-water samples, 16 organic compounds were detected in 9 of the 10 total samples. The compound with the highest occurrence in surface-water samples was camphor, which was detected in 50 percent of samples. \r\n\r\nThe alluvial setting was characterized by relatively low dissolved NO2+NO3 concentrations, detection of ammonia nitrogen, and relatively high concentr","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Dakota Water Development District and the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Putnam, L.D., Hoogestraat, G., and Sawyer, J.F., 2008, Water-quality effects and characterization of indicators of onsite wastewater disposal systems in the east-central Black Hills area, South Dakota, 2006-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5232, viii, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085232.","productDescription":"viii, 116 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5232.jpg"},{"id":12168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.66666666666667,43.833333333333336 ], [ -103.66666666666667,44.25 ], [ -103.08333333333333,44.25 ], [ -103.08333333333333,43.833333333333336 ], [ -103.66666666666667,43.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcf97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, J. Foster","contributorId":80344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97182,"text":"sir20085148 - 2008 - Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:22:37.046315","indexId":"sir20085148","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5148","title":"Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury in precipitation was monitored during 2004–2005 at five locations in Indiana as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program–Mercury Deposition Network (NADP–MDN). Monitoring stations were operated at Roush Lake near Huntington, Clifty Falls State Park near Madison, Fort Harrison State Park near Indianapolis, Monroe County Regional Airport near Bloomington, and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore near Porter. At these monitoring stations, precipitation amounts were measured continuously and weekly samples were collected for analysis of mercury by methods achieving detection limits as low as 0.05 ng/L (nanograms per liter). Wet deposition was computed as the product of mercury concentration and precipitation. The data were analyzed for seasonal patterns, temporal trends, and geographic differences.</p><p>In the 2 years, 520 weekly samples were collected at the 5 monitoring stations and 448 of these samples had sufficient precipitation to compute mercury wet deposition. The 2-year mean mercury concentration at the five monitoring stations (normalized to the sample volume) was 10.6 ng/L. As a reference for comparison, the total mercury concentration in 41 percent of the samples analyzed was greater than the statewide Indiana water-quality standard for mercury (12 ng/L, protecting aquatic life) and 99 percent of the concentrations exceeded the most conservative Indiana water-quality criterion (1.3 ng/L, protecting wild mammals and birds). The normalized annual mercury concentration at Clifty Falls in 2004 was the fourth highest in the NADP–MDN in eastern North America that year. In 2005, the mercury concentrations at Clifty Falls and Indiana Dunes were the ninth highest in the NADP–MDN in eastern North America.</p><p>At the five monitoring stations during the study period, the mean weekly total mercury deposition was 0.208 µg/m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(micrograms per square meter) and mean annual total mercury deposition was 10.8 µg/m<sup>2</sup>. The annual mercury deposition at Clifty Falls in 2004 and 2005 was in the top 25 percent of the NADP–MDN stations in eastern North America.</p><p>Mercury concentrations and deposition varied at the five monitoring stations during 2004–2005. Mercury concentrations in wet-deposition samples ranged from 1.2 to 116.6 ng/L and weekly mercury deposition ranged from 0.002 to 1.74 µg/m<sup>2</sup>. Data from weekly samples exhibited seasonal patterns. During April through September, total mercury concentrations and deposition were higher than the median for all samples. Annual precipitation at four of the five monitoring stations was within 10 percent of normal both years, with the exception of Indiana Dunes, where precipitation was 23 percent below normal in 2005.</p><p>Episodes of high mercury deposition, which were the top 10 percent of weekly mercury deposition at the five monitoring stations, contributed 39 percent of all mercury deposition during 2004–2005. Mercury deposition more than 1.04 µg/m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(5 times the mean weekly deposition) was recorded for 12 samples. These episodes of highest mercury deposition were recorded at all five monitoring stations, but the most (7 of 12) were at Clifty Falls and contributed 34.4 percent of the total deposition at that station during 2004–2005. Weekly samples with high mercury deposition may help to explain the differences in annual mercury deposition among the five monitoring stations in Indiana.</p><p>A statistical evaluation of the monitoring data for 2001–2005 indicated several statistically significant temporal trends. A statewide (5-station) decrease (p = 0.007) in mercury deposition and a statewide decrease (p = 0.059) in mercury concentration were shown. Decreases in mercury deposition (p = 0.061 and p = 0.083) were observed at Roush Lake and Bloomington. A statistically significant trend was not observed for precipitation at the five monitoring stations during this 5-year period. A potential explanation for part of the statewide decrease in mercury concentration and mercury deposition was a 28 percent decrease in the total estimated annual mercury emissions in Indiana between 2002 and 2005.</p><p>Mercury deposition statistically was correlated most closely to precipitation in the 448 samples, 2004–2005, and this relation was demonstrated by statewide maps of annual precipitation and annual mercury deposition based on precipitation data from 127 National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program stations. However, one area in southeastern Indiana in the vicinity of Clifty Falls exhibited high mercury deposition that might be related more to mercury concentration than to precipitation. This is because areas with the same range of precipitation as southeastern Indiana were mapped with less mercury deposition.</p><p>Other data demonstrate a geographic difference for mercury in precipitation in the vicinity of the Clifty Falls monitoring station. The weekly mercury concentrations at Clifty Falls were statistically higher than concentrations at Roush Lake, Fort Harrison, and Bloomington. Clifty Falls data ranked highest among the five monitoring stations for mercury concentration and mercury deposition, 2004–2005, and in the previous 3&nbsp;years. Episodes of high mercury deposition were recorded most often at Clifty Falls in 2004–2005 and in the previous 3&nbsp;years. Statistical trends in mercury concentration or mercury deposition were not observed for the Clifty Falls data. A potential explanation for this geographic difference is that annual mercury emissions from sources in the vicinity of Clifty Falls were higher than those at the other stations. Other factors may help explain the differences in total mercury concentrations, such as the types of mercury emissions, mercury transport from stationary sources outside Indiana, and meteorological conditions. Additional data are needed to assign a localized or regional boundary to the area affected by high deposition of mercury near Clifty Falls.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., and Fowler, K.K., 2008, Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5148, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085148.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394621,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70154921,"text":"70154921 - 2008 - A bird community on the edge: habitat use of forest songbirds In eastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-19T14:19:03","indexId":"70154921","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A bird community on the edge: habitat use of forest songbirds In eastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>Several species of forest songbirds reach a western limit of their respective distributions in eastern Oklahoma. The relative infl uence of various habitat variables on patterns of occurrence in this region may differ from those same infl uences in the core of species&rsquo; ranges. We examined the infl uence of 16 habitat variables on the occurrence and density of a suite of forest songbirds. We sampled breeding birds with four, fi xed-radius point counts along 1-km transects at 75 forested sites in eastern Oklahoma in 2006. Forest cover at fi ne scales varied by numerous structural characteristics (e.g., canopy cover) as well as species composition (e.g., pines vs. hardwoods). We performed both Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) ordinations using 16 environmental variables and 37 bird species to examine bird habitat relationships. Forward Selection in CCA indicated that the most important environmental variables affecting bird habitat relationships were the amount of forest cover in the surrounding landscape matrix, and at a local scale, canopy height and elevation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference: Tundra to Trophics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth international partners in flight conference: tundra to tropics","conferenceDate":"February 13, 2008","conferenceLocation":"McAllen, Texas","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cavalieri, V.S., O’Connell, T.J., and Leslie, D., 2008, A bird community on the edge: habitat use of forest songbirds In eastern Oklahoma, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference: Tundra to Trophics, McAllen, Texas, February 13, 2008, p. 118-127.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2006-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-012567","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.partnersinflight.org/pubs/McAllenProc/TOC.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ouachita Mountains, Ozark Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.394287109375,\n              33.97525348507592\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.394287109375,\n              36.923547681089296\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.482421875,\n              36.923547681089296\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.361572265625,\n              33.99802726234877\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.394287109375,\n              33.97525348507592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8726e4b0824b2d149a26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cavalieri, Vincent S.","contributorId":145647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cavalieri","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, Timothy J.","contributorId":58185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162095,"text":"70162095 - 2008 - Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T13:06:21","indexId":"70162095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2008","chapter":"14","title":"Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","docAbstract":"<p>For almost two decades Little Galloo Island (LGI)has supported the largest colony of double-crested cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario. Cormorant nest counts on the island since the early 1990's have averaged about 5,000 per year reaching a high of 8,400 in 1996. Johnson et al. (2008) estimate that cormorants from LGI alone have consumed 400 million fish since 1992. The proliferation of cormorants in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario has coincided with declines in two important recreational fish species, smallmouth bass and yellow perch. Lantry et al. (2002) and Burnett et al. (2002) provide convincing evidence linking cormorant population increases to declining eastern basin smallmouth bass and yellow perch stocks. Decline of these fish stocks is evident only in the eastern basin, suggesting a localized problem which is consistent with the halo effect where large piscivorous waterbird colonies may deplete local fish stocks (Birt et al. 1987).</p>\n<p>The year 2008 marked the seventeenth consecutive year of study of the food habits and fish consumption of LGI cormorants, and represented the tenth consecutive year evaluating the efficacy of management activities to control the reproductive success of cormorants nesting at LGI. The program consists mainly of spraying cormorant eggs with oil as well as the culling of adult and immature birds.This paper reports the findings of work carried outin 2008 at LGI.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2008 NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R.D., and Farquhar, J., 2008, Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report  2008, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"14-1","endPage":"14-11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012072","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science 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,{"id":70156401,"text":"70156401 - 2008 - Factors affecting road mortality of white-tailed deer in eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:47:37","indexId":"70156401","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3918,"text":"Human-Wildlife Conflicts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting road mortality of white-tailed deer in eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>White-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) mortalities (n = 4,433) caused by collisions with automobiles during 2003 were modeled in 35 counties in eastern South Dakota. Seventeen independent variables and 5 independent variable interactions were evaluated to explain deer mortalities. A negative binomial regression model (Ln Y = 1.25 &ndash; 0.12 [percentage tree coverage] + 0.0002 [county area] + 5.39 [county hunter success rate] + 0.0023 [vehicle proxy 96&ndash;104 km/hr roads], model deviance = 33.43, &chi;<sup>2</sup> = 27.53, df = 27) was chosen using a combination of a priori model selection and AICc. Management options include use of the model to predict road mortalities and to increase the number of hunting licenses, which could result in fewer DVCs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Jack H. Berryman Institute","usgsCitation":"Grovenburg, T.W., Jenks, J., Klaver, R.W., Monteith, K.L., Galster, D.H., Schauer, R.J., Morlock, W.W., and Delger, J.A., 2008, Factors affecting road mortality of white-tailed deer in eastern South Dakota: Human-Wildlife Conflicts, v. 2, no. 1, p. 48-59.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.97558593749999,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.97558593749999,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.39404296875,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.39404296875,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.97558593749999,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92b9e4b05d6c4e501a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":83400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galster, Dwight H.","contributorId":147730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galster","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schauer, Ron J.","contributorId":147731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schauer","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morlock, Wilbert W.","contributorId":147732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morlock","given":"Wilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Delger, Joshua A.","contributorId":147733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delger","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70042350,"text":"70042350 - 2008 - Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T10:34:41","indexId":"70042350","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span>BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;precipitated from mixed salt solutions by common techniques for SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/83bf173f-9ddf-45a9-b6c6-202c9306b7b5/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-1\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/83bf173f-9ddf-45a9-b6c6-202c9306b7b5/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\"><span>&nbsp;isotopic analysis may contain quantities of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/a78b33e9-d28c-4cad-835a-4ada6ce06cc2/tex2gif-stack-2.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-2\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/a78b33e9-d28c-4cad-835a-4ada6ce06cc2/tex2gif-stack-2.gif\"><span>&nbsp;that introduce errors in O isotope measurements. Experiments with synthetic solutions indicate that&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values of CO produced by decomposition of precipitated BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;in a carbon reactor may be either too low or too high, depending on the relative concentrations of SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/66af183c-cb0d-4e3f-81ad-1aaee3b8e298/tex2gif-stack-3.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-3\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/66af183c-cb0d-4e3f-81ad-1aaee3b8e298/tex2gif-stack-3.gif\"><span>&nbsp;and NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/74d752cb-da6c-421d-aa00-af14c6b43bca/tex2gif-stack-4.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-4\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/74d752cb-da6c-421d-aa00-af14c6b43bca/tex2gif-stack-4.gif\"><span>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values of the H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/f0275cf0-ed65-4f89-b9bd-e0c0f3c35d90/tex2gif-stack-5.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-5\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/f0275cf0-ed65-4f89-b9bd-e0c0f3c35d90/tex2gif-stack-5.gif\"><span>, and SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/36e44e54-21cc-4125-b9ff-deb91eac0931/tex2gif-stack-6.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-6\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/36e44e54-21cc-4125-b9ff-deb91eac0931/tex2gif-stack-6.gif\"><span>. Typical&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O errors are of the order of 0.5 to 1‰ in many sample types, and can be larger in samples containing atmospheric NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/d18884a5-8da9-41db-bd5e-7437c531f481/tex2gif-stack-7.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-7\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/d18884a5-8da9-41db-bd5e-7437c531f481/tex2gif-stack-7.gif\"><span>, which can cause similar errors in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>17</sup><span>O and Δ</span><sup>17</sup><span>O. These errors can be reduced by (1) ion chromatographic separation of SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/bbe88d9b-089d-48e8-b757-ebbd571fb106/tex2gif-stack-8.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-8\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/bbe88d9b-089d-48e8-b757-ebbd571fb106/tex2gif-stack-8.gif\"><span>&nbsp;from NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/c174298f-264f-4ec4-a82e-4f49f26396d5/tex2gif-stack-9.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-9\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/c174298f-264f-4ec4-a82e-4f49f26396d5/tex2gif-stack-9.gif\"><span>, (2) increasing the salinity of the solutions before precipitating BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;to minimize incorporation of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, (3) heating BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;under vacuum to remove H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, (4) preparing isotopic reference materials as aqueous samples to mimic the conditions of the samples, and (5) adjusting measured&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values based on amounts and isotopic compositions of coexisting H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/5ea7c947-64ff-40c9-9f8f-593aebd44dea/tex2gif-stack-10.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-10\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/5ea7c947-64ff-40c9-9f8f-593aebd44dea/tex2gif-stack-10.gif\"><span>. These procedures are demonstrated for SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/eaee3606-dcef-4760-a8e6-62295d92b682/tex2gif-stack-11.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-11\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/eaee3606-dcef-4760-a8e6-62295d92b682/tex2gif-stack-11.gif\"><span>&nbsp;isotopic reference materials, synthetic solutions with isotopically known reagents, atmospheric deposition from Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA, and sulfate salt deposits from the Atacama Desert, Chile, and Mojave Desert, California, USA. These results have implications for the calibration and use of O isotope data in studies of SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/6bd98d1b-3d01-43f6-bf7a-1f81d6799a05/tex2gif-stack-12.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-12\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/6bd98d1b-3d01-43f6-bf7a-1f81d6799a05/tex2gif-stack-12.gif\"><span>&nbsp;sources and reaction mechanisms.</span></p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.3832","usgsCitation":"Hannon, J.E., Bohlke, J., and Mroczkowski, S.J., 2008, Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 22, no. 24, p. 4109-4120, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3832.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4109","endPage":"4120","ipdsId":"IP-007869","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270752,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3832"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386ae4b077fa94dadfa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hannon, Janet E. jehannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Janet","email":"jehannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70237335,"text":"70237335 - 2008 - Isotopic constraints on the chemical evolution of geothermal fluids, Long Valley, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T16:54:29.684297","indexId":"70237335","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T11:44:49","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic constraints on the chemical evolution of geothermal fluids, Long Valley, CA","docAbstract":"<p>A spatial survey of the chemical and isotopic composition of fluids from the Long Valley hydrothermal system was conducted. Starting at the presumed hydrothermal upwelling zone in the west moat of the caldera, samples were collected from the Casa Diablo geothermal field and a series of monitoring wells defining a nearly linear, ~14 km long, west-to-east trend along the proposed fluid flow path (Sorey et al., 1991). Samples were analyzed for the isotopes of water, Sr, Ca, and noble gases, the concentrations of major cations and anions and total CO<sub>2</sub>. Our data confirm earlier models in which the variations in water isotopes along the flow path reflect mixing of a single hydrothermal fluid with local groundwater. Variations in Sr data are poorly constrained and reflect fluid mixing, multiple fluid-pathways or water-rock exchange along the flow path as suggested by Goff et al., (1991). Correlated variations among total CO<sub>2</sub>, noble gases and the concentration and isotopic composition of Ca suggest progressive fluid degassing (loss of CO<sub>2</sub>, noble gases) driving calcite precipitation as the fluid flows west-to-east across the caldera. This is the first evidence that Ca isotopes may trace and provide definitive evidence of calcite precipitation along fluid flow paths in geothermal systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Brown, S.T., Kennedy, B.M., DePaolo, D., and Evans, W.C., 2008, Isotopic constraints on the chemical evolution of geothermal fluids, Long Valley, CA: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 32, p. 269-272.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1028332","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.73336791992188,\n              37.550565778705916\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69903564453124,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.70040893554689,\n              37.63870369898346\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71757507324219,\n              37.637616213035884\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71963500976562,\n              37.722392304715825\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82606506347656,\n              37.72456477660484\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82606506347656,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.84529113769531,\n              37.64849035620595\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.84529113769531,\n              37.6327223292973\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82743835449219,\n              37.6343536596899\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82743835449219,\n              37.62402129571883\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82743835449219,\n              37.60879203604432\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.80958557128908,\n              37.60824807622547\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.80821228027342,\n              37.59410372462643\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.7903594970703,\n              37.59192743186128\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.78898620605467,\n              37.579956684077274\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.77113342285156,\n              37.57777997765864\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.7738800048828,\n              37.56362983491151\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.751220703125,\n              37.56362983491151\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.73611450195312,\n              37.56199695314352\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.73336791992188,\n              37.550565778705916\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Shaun T.","contributorId":68647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Shaun","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, B. Mack","contributorId":82758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DePaolo, Donald J.","contributorId":69472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaolo","given":"Donald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70206561,"text":"70206561 - 2008 - Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T17:56:45","indexId":"70206561","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T08:28:48","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water withdrawals in the San Joaquin Valley totaled 64 million m<sup>3</sup> /day (19 million ac-ft) in 2000, supplying about 45% of agricultural irrigation demand and about 80% of municipal supply (Hutson et al., 2004). Most of the population and ground-water use are in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, where reliance on ground water is expected to increase as a result of rapid population growth and limited surface water supplies. Protection of ground-water quality for future use requires monitoring and understanding the mechanisms controlling the long-term quality of ground water in the regional aquifer system. </p><p>Nitrate has been widely detected above background concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley. Nitrate concentrations (reported as nitrogen in this paper) were above the MCL of 10 mg/L in 24% of domestic wells screened in the shallow part of the aquifer that were sampled during 1993–95 (Dubrovsky et al., 1998) and the Central Valley is one of the top three regions in the state in terms of the number of public drinking-water wells exceeding the MCL for nitrate (California State Water Resources Control Board, 2002). </p><p>To assess spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley and to evaluate the long-term effects of nitrogen fertilizer use on ground-water quality in this region, data were evaluated at multiple spatial scales. Data from regional-scale monitoring networks were used to map the regional occurrence of nitrate and to determine whether shallow ground water containing elevated nitrate is migrating to deeper parts of the aquifer system. At the local scale, mean ground-water ages from analysis of age-dating tracers were combined with concentrations of nitrate to reconstruct nitrate inputs in recharge through time and to compare with estimated nitrogen applications. Ground-water flow and transport simulations of a typical public-supply well screened from about 100 to 400 ft below the water table were used to evaluate long-term concentrations beneath agricultural areas under different nitrogen management scenarios. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy, California Chapter annual meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., and Green, C.T., 2008, Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy, California Chapter annual meeting, p. 46-52.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://calasa.ucdavis.edu/Conference_Proceedings/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              37.97884504049713\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              34.939985151560435\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.7841796875,\n              35.29943548054545\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.861083984375,\n              35.92464453144099\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.08056640625,\n              37.431250501793585\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.80566406250001,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              37.97884504049713\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184371,"text":"70184371 - 2008 - Controls on late Quaternary coral reefs of the Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T10:47:04","indexId":"70184371","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Controls on late Quaternary coral reefs of the Florida Keys","docAbstract":"<p>The Florida Keys is an arcuate, densely populated, westward-trending island chain at the south end of a karstic peninsular Florida Platform (Enos and Perkins 1977; Shinn et al. 1996; Kindinger el al. 1999, 2000). The \"keys: mark the southernmost segment of the Atlantic continental margin of the United States. The islands are bordered by Florida Bay to the north and west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and southeast , Gulf of Mexico to the west, and the Straits of Florida to the south. Prevailing southeasterly trade winds impinge on the keys, creating a windward margin. The largest coral reef ecosystem in the continental United States rims this margin at a distance of ~5-7km seaward of the keys and occupies a shallow (generally &lt;12m), uneven, westward-sloping shelf (Parker and Cooke 1944; Parker et al. 1955; Enos and Perkins 1977). This platform is tectonically stable at present (Davis et al. 1992; Ludwig et al. 1996; Toscano and Lundberg 1999). The reefs and 240-km-long island chain parallel the submerged shelf margin, corresponding roughly to the 30-m depth contour that marks the base of a fossil shelf-edge reef (studies cited use the same criterion). The modern reef tract extends west-southwest from Soldier Key southeast of Miami (25°60<span>′N, 80°20′W) to the Dry Tortugas in the Gulf of Mexico (24°40′N, 83<span>°10</span><span>′W). Reef-tract habitats lie within the protective domain of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (Fig. 2.1.a-c; Multer 1996).</span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral reefs of the USA","language":"English","publisher":"Springer ","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., Shinn, E., Hudson, J., Gray, M.H., Halley, R., and Robbin, D.M., 2008, Controls on late Quaternary coral reefs of the Florida Keys, chap. <i>of</i> Coral reefs of the USA, v. 1, p. 9-74.","productDescription":"66 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781402068461"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.277099609375,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2880859375,\n              25.878994400196202\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.299072265625,\n              25.809781975840405\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37597656249999,\n              25.591994180254712\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.74951171875,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.068115234375,\n              24.956180020055925\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.573486328125,\n              24.87646991083154\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.97998046875,\n              24.806681353851964\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5732421875,\n              24.79670834894575\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.628173828125,\n              24.54712317973075\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.562255859375,\n              24.357105493969723\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.41943359375,\n              24.226928664976377\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08984375,\n              24.16680208530324\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4306640625,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.33203125,\n              24.816653556469955\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.035400390625,\n              25.334096684794456\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9365234375,\n              25.710836919640595\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.035400390625,\n              25.93828707492375\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.277099609375,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ce4b014cc3a3d34a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":6883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, J. Harold","contributorId":54897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"J. Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Multer H.","contributorId":91274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Multer","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":76244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robbin, Daniel M.","contributorId":42888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70190784,"text":"70190784 - 2008 - Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T13:06:46","indexId":"70190784","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling","docAbstract":"The October 11, 1918 ML 7.5 earthquake in the Mona Passage between Hispaniola \nand Puerto Rico generated a local tsunami that claimed approximately 100 lives \nalong the western coast of Puerto Rico. The area affected by this tsunami is \nnow significantly more populated. Newly acquired high-resolution bathymetry \nand seismic reflection lines in the Mona Passage show a fresh submarine landslide \n15 km northwest of Rinćon in northwestern Puerto Rico and in the vicinity of \nthe first published earthquake epicenter. The landslide area is approximately \n76 km2 and probably displaced a total volume of 10 km3. The landslide's headscarp \nis at a water depth of 1200 m, with the debris flow extending to a water depth \nof 4200 m.\n\nSubmarine telegraph cables were reported cut by a landslide in this area \nfollowing the earthquake, further suggesting that the landslide was the result \nof the October 11, 1918 earthquake. On the other hand, the location of the \npreviously suggested source of the 1918 tsunami, a normal fault along the east \nwall of Mona Rift, does not show recent seafloor rupture. Using the extended, \nweakly non-linear hydrodynamic equations implemented in the program COULWAVE, \nwe modeled the tsunami as generated by a landslide with a duration of 325 s \n(corresponding to an average speed of ~ 27 m/s) and with the observed dimensions \nand location. Calculated marigrams show a leading depression wave followed by a \nmaximum positive amplitude in agreement with the reported polarity, relative \namplitudes, and arrival times.\n\nOur results suggest this newly-identified landslide, which was likely triggered \nby the 1918 earthquake, was the primary cause of the October 11, 1918 tsunami \nand not the earthquake itself. Results from this study should be useful to help \ndiscern poorly constrained tsunami sources in other case studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.001","usgsCitation":"López-Venegas, A., ten Brink, U., and Geist, E.L., 2008, Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling: Marine Geology, v. 254, no. 1-2, p. 35-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-005797","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2422","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Mona Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.91650390625,\n              15.771109173575294\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.84130859375,\n              15.771109173575294\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.84130859375,\n              21.268899719967695\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.91650390625,\n              21.268899719967695\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.91650390625,\n              15.771109173575294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"254","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb952ee4b091459a578187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"López-Venegas, A.M.","contributorId":196459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"López-Venegas","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185926,"text":"70185926 - 2008 - Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T08:57:17","indexId":"70185926","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Introduced exotic species are a well-recognized problem in Florida's subtropical ecosystems. The presence of the exotic Mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) was first confirmed in Florida in 1983, when numerous individuals were found in the northeastern Florida Bay. Since then, this species has continued to expand its range northward. The capture, beginning in October 2004 to present, of large numbers of Mayan cichlids from central Florida's east- and west-coast mangrove systems north of&nbsp;28°N latitude is documented here. Mayan cichlids in a wide range of sizes (estimated ages 0-7 years) at both east- and west-coast sites were collected. In addition, macroscopic examination of gonads showed the presence of developing eggs. The occurrence of multiple age-classes, maturing individuals, cichlid nests, and juveniles, plus repeated collections over a four-year period, indicates that the Mayan cichlid is successfully reproducing and surviving the average winter temperatures in some estuarine waters in central Florida.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Paperno, R., Ruiz-Carus, R., Krebs, J., and McIvor, C., 2008, Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida: Florida Scientist, v. 71, no. 4, p. 293-304.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"304","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24321474"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.7764892578125,\n              28.105903469076186\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5902099609375,\n              28.188243641850313\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              28.73394733840369\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.221923828125,\n              29.897805610155874\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.3812255859375,\n              30.38709188778112\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40869140625,\n              30.704058230919504\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.990966796875,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.034912109375,\n              30.4297295750316\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2216796875,\n              30.590637026892917\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.8583984375,\n              30.798474179567823\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              31.043521630684204\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              31.024694128525137\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42919921875,\n              30.278044377800153\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.572265625,\n              30.363396239603716\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5615234375,\n              29.92637417863576\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40771484375,\n              29.53522956294847\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.57275390625,\n              29.783449456820605\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.22119140625,\n              29.945415337104453\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.78173828125,\n              29.897805610155874\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.891845703125,\n              28.9120147012556\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.81494140625,\n              28.401064827220896\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7764892578125,\n              28.105903469076186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d6e4b02ff32c68567b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paperno, R.","contributorId":190066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paperno","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz-Carus, R.","contributorId":190069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz-Carus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krebs, J.M.","contributorId":6258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krebs","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIvor, C.C.","contributorId":38104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184378,"text":"70184378 - 2008 - Holocene climate and climate variability of the northern Gulf of Mexico and adjacent northern Gulf Coast: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T11:40:45","indexId":"70184378","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5310,"text":"The Open Paleontology Journal ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene climate and climate variability of the northern Gulf of Mexico and adjacent northern Gulf Coast: A review","docAbstract":"<p>Marine records from the northern Gulf of Mexico indicate that significant multidecadal- and century-scale variability was common during the Holocene. Mean annual sea-surface temperature (SST) during the last 1,400 years may have varied by 3°C, and excursions to cold SST coincide with reductions in solar output. Broad trends in Holocene terrestrial climate and environmental change along the eastern portion of the northern Gulf Coast are evident from existing pollen records, but the high-frequency details of climate variability are not well known. Continuous and well-dated records of climate change and climate variability in the western portion of the northern Gulf Coast are essentially lacking.</p><p>Information on Holocene floods, droughts, and storm frequency along the northern Gulf Coast is limited. Records of floods may be preserved in continental shelf sediments, but establishing continuity and chronologies for sedimentary sequences on the shelf presents challenges due to sediment remobilization and redeposition during storms. Studies of past storm deposits in coastal lakes and marshes show promise for constructing records of past storm frequency. A recent summary of sea-level history of the northern Gulf Coast indicates sea level was higher than modern sea level several times during the last few thousand years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bentham Open","doi":"10.2174/1874425700801010007","usgsCitation":"Poore, R.Z., 2008, Holocene climate and climate variability of the northern Gulf of Mexico and adjacent northern Gulf Coast: A review: The Open Paleontology Journal , v. 1, p. 7-17, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874425700801010007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874425700801010007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n        \"stroke-width\": 2,\n        \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n        \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n        \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n      },\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              24.986058021167594\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.595703125,\n              25.12539261151203\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4638671875,\n              25.3241665257384\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.48583984375,\n              25.681137335685307\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.88134765625,\n              25.997549919572112\n            ],\n            [\n              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,{"id":70187196,"text":"70187196 - 2008 - Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T10:31:51","indexId":"70187196","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tens of millions of people in the Bengal Basin region of Bangladesh and India drink groundwater containing unsafe concentrations of arsenic. This high-arsenic groundwater is produced from shallow (&lt;100 m) depths by domestic and irrigation wells in the Bengal Basin aquifer system. The government of Bangladesh has begun to install wells to depths of &gt;150 m where groundwater arsenic concentrations are nearly uniformly low, and many more wells are needed, however, the sustainability of deep, arsenic-safe groundwater has not been previously assessed. Deeper pumping could induce downward migration of dissolved arsenic, permanently destroying the deep resource. Here, it is shown, through quantitative, large-scale hydrogeologic analysis and simulation of the entire basin, that the deeper part of the aquifer system may provide a sustainable source of arsenic-safe water if its utilization is limited to domestic supply. Simulations provide two explanations for this result: deep domestic pumping only slightly perturbs the deep groundwater flow system, and substantial shallow pumping for irrigation forms a hydraulic barrier that protects deeper resources from shallow arsenic sources. Additional analysis indicates that this simple management approach could provide arsenic-safe drinking water to &gt;90% of the arsenic-impacted region over a 1,000-year timescale. This insight may assist water-resources managers in alleviating one of the world's largest groundwater contamination problems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0710477105","usgsCitation":"Michaela, H.A., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 25, p. 8531-8536, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710477105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8531","endPage":"8536","ipdsId":"IP-003995","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710477105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"25","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c1e4b0c2e071a99bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaela, Holly A.","contributorId":57357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaela","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97167,"text":"sir20085188 - 2008 - State and regional water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T12:44:33","indexId":"sir20085188","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5188","title":"State and regional water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality are jointly monitoring selected water-quality constituents of inland lakes through 2015 as part of Michigan’s Lake Water Quality Assessment program. During 2001–2005, 433 lake basins from 364 inland lakes were monitored for baseline water-quality conditions and trophic status. This report summarizes the water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of those monitored lake basins throughout the State. </p><p>Regional variation of water quality in lake basins was examined by grouping on the basis of the five Omernik level III ecoregions within Michigan. Concentrations of most constituents measured were significantly different between ecoregions. Less regional variation of phosphorus concentrations was noted between Northern Lakes and Forests (50) and North Central Hardwoods (51) ecoregions during summer possibly because water samples were collected when lake productivity was high; hence the utilization of the limited amount of phosphorus by algae and macrophytes may have resulted in the more uniform concentrations between these two ecoregions. </p><p>Concentrations of common ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate) measured in the spring typically were higher in the Michigan southern Lower Peninsula in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains (55), Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains (56), and Huron/Erie Lake Plains (57) ecoregions. Most ions whose concentrations were less than the minimum reporting levels or were nondetectable were from lakes in the Michigan northern Lower Peninsula and the Upper Peninsula in the Northern Lakes and Forests (50) and North Central Hardwoods (51) ecoregions. Chlorophyll a concentrations followed a similar distribution pattern. Measured properties such as pH and specific conductance (indicative of dissolved solids) also showed a regional relation. The lakes with the lowest pH and specific conductance were generally in the western Upper Peninsula (Northern Lakes and Forests (50) ecoregion). </p><p>The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality classifies Michigan lakes on the basis of their primary biological productivity or trophic characteristics using the Carlson Trophic State Index. Trophic evaluations based on data collected from 2001 through 2005 indicate 17 percent of the lakes are oligotrophic, 53 percent are mesotrophic, 22 percent are eutrophic, 4 percent are hypereutrophic, and less than 5 percent are classified into transition classes between each major class. Although the distribution of lakes throughout Michigan or between Omernik level III ecoregions is not uniform, about 85 percent of the lakes classified as oligotrophic are in the Northern Lakes and Forests (50) or North Central Hardwoods (51) ecoregions. Nearly 28 percent of all the lakes in each of these two ecoregions were classified as oligotrophic. </p><p>Historical trophic-state classes were compared to the current (2001 through 2005) trophic-state classes. Approximately 72 percent of lakes remained in the same trophic-state class, 11 percent moved up a partial or full class (indicating a decrease in water clarity) and 18 percent moved down a partial or full class (indicating an increase in water clarity). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085188","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., and Minnerick, R., 2008, State and regional water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5188, iv, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085188.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97174,"text":"sim2830 - 2008 - Geology of the Southern Appalachian Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"sim2830","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2830","title":"Geology of the Southern Appalachian Mountains","docAbstract":"The Southern Appalachian Mountains includes the Blue Ridge province and parts of four other physiographic provinces. The Blue Ridge physiographic province is a high, mountainous area bounded by several named mountain ranges (including the Unaka Mountains and the Great Smoky Mountains) to the northwest, and the Blue Ridge Mountains to the southeast. Metamorphic rocks of the mountains include (1) fragments of a billion-year-old supercontinent, (2) thick sequences of sedimentary rock that were deposited in subsiding (sinking) basins on the continent, (3) sedimentary and volcanic rocks that were deposited on the sea floor, and (4) fragments of oceanic crust. Most of the rocks formed as sediments or volcanic rocks on ocean floors, islands, and continental plates; igneous rocks formed when crustal plates collided, beginning about 450 million years ago. The collision between the ancestral North American and African continental plates ended about 270 million years ago. Then, the continents began to be stretched, which caused fractures to open in places throughout the crust; these fractures were later filled with sediment.\r\n\r\nThis product (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2830) consists of a geologic map of the Southern Appalachian Mountains overlain on a shaded-relief background. The map area includes parts of southern Virginia, eastern West Virginia and Tennessee, western North and South Carolina, northern Georgia and northeastern Alabama. Photographs of localities where geologic features of interest can be seen accompany the map. Diagrams show how the movement of continental plates over many millions of years affected the landscapes seen today, show how folds and faults form, describe important mineral resources of the region, and illustrate geologic time. This two-sided map is folded into a convenient size (5x9.4 inches) for use in the field. The target audience is high school to college earth science and geology teachers and students; staffs of educational and interpretive programs within Federal, State, and private agencies; and tourists and residents of the Southern Appalachian region who want to know more about the area. The map is companion to the DVD, 'The Southern Appalachians, a Changing World' (http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/so_app/) and the Teacher's Guide and brochure, 'Birth of the Mountains' (http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/birth). The map shows the location of sites that are featured in these publications.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2830","isbn":"9781411320871","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.H., 2008, Geology of the Southern Appalachian Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2830, Map Sheet (front/back): 36 x 30 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2830.","productDescription":"Map Sheet (front/back): 36 x 30 in.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12158,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2830/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.41666666666667,33.2 ], [ -86.41666666666667,38.333333333333336 ], [ -79,38.333333333333336 ], [ -79,33.2 ], [ -86.41666666666667,33.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54566c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Sandra H. B.","contributorId":88706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"H. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97156,"text":"sim3058 - 2008 - Well Inventory and Geophysical Logging of Selected Wells in Troup County, Georgia, 2007-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T12:22:21","indexId":"sim3058","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3058","title":"Well Inventory and Geophysical Logging of Selected Wells in Troup County, Georgia, 2007-2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - in cooperation with the Troup County Board of Commissioners - conducted a well inventory to provide information to help evaluate ground-water resources for Troup County, Georgia. In addition, borehole geophysical logs were collected in selected wells to provide a better understanding of the subsurface geologic and water-bearing characteristics in specific areas of interest. This investigation provides information to help guide future ground-water development and water-management decisions for Troup County while enhancing understanding of the hydrogeology of fractured rocks in the Piedmont physiographic province. This report presents well data compiled from USGS files and from site visits to wells during November and December 2007. Data were entered into the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) and made available on the Web at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ga/nwis/inventory.\r\n\r\nPrevious studies of ground-water resources have been conducted in the vicinity, but did not include Troup County. The ground-water resources of Heard and Coweta Counties, located north and northeast, respectively, of Troup County were part of a larger study by Cressler and others (1983) that encompassed the Greater Atlanta Region. That study evaluated the quantity and quality of ground water in the Atlanta region and described the methods that could be used for locating high-yielding wells in the Piedmont Province. The geology underlying the Atlanta area is similar to that underlying Troup County. Clarke and Peck (1990) conducted a similar investigation that included Meriwether and Coweta Counties, located to the east and northeast of Troup County.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Troup County Board of Commissioners","usgsCitation":"Peck, M., Leeth, D.C., and Hamrick, M.D., 2008, Well Inventory and Geophysical Logging of Selected Wells in Troup County, Georgia, 2007-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3058, Map Sheet: 42 x 32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3058.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 42 x 32 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12141,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3058/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Troup County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.33333333333333,32.833333333333336 ], [ -85.33333333333333,33.25 ], [ -84.83333333333333,33.25 ], [ -84.83333333333333,32.833333333333336 ], [ -85.33333333333333,32.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0c51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leeth, David C. cleeth@usgs.gov","contributorId":1403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeth","given":"David","email":"cleeth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamrick, Michael D. hamrick@usgs.gov","contributorId":3237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamrick","given":"Michael","email":"hamrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97144,"text":"ofr20081312 - 2008 - Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay:  1855-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T21:02:11.523395","indexId":"ofr20081312","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1312","title":"Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay:  1855-1979","docAbstract":"<p>Central San Francisco Bay is the hub of a dynamic estuarine system connecting the San Joaquin and Sacramento River Deltas, Suisun Bay, and San Pablo Bay to the Pacific Ocean and South San Francisco Bay. To understand the role that Central San Francisco Bay plays in sediment transport throughout the system, it is necessary to first determine historical changes in patterns of sediment deposition and erosion from both natural and anthropogenic forces.</p><p>The first extensive hydrographic survey of Central San Francisco Bay was conducted in 1853 by the National Ocean Service (NOS) (formerly the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS)). From 1894 to 1979, four additional surveys, composed of a total of approximately 700,000 bathymetric soundings, were collected within Central San Francisco Bay. Converting these soundings into accurate bathymetric models involved many steps. The soundings were either hand digitized directly from the original USCGS and NOS hydrographic sheets (H-sheets) or obtained digitally from the National Geophysical Data Center's (NGDC) Geophysical Data System (GEODAS) (National Geophysical Data Center, 1996). Soundings were supplemented with contours that were either taken directly from the H-sheets or added in by hand. Shorelines and marsh areas were obtained from topographic sheets. The digitized soundings, depth contours, shorelines, and marsh areas were entered into a geographic information system (GIS) and georeferenced to a common horizontal datum. Using surface modeling software, bathymetric grids with a horizontal resolution of 25 m were developed for each of the five hydrographic surveys. Before analyses of sediment deposition and erosion were conducted, interpolation bias was removed and all of the grids were converted to a common vertical datum. These bathymetric grids were then used to develop bathymetric change maps for subsequent survey periods and to determine long-term changes in deposition and erosion by calculating volumes and rates of net sediment change.</p><p>Central San Francisco Bay experienced periods of both deposition and erosion, but overall experienced a net gain in sediment from 1855 to 1979 of approximately 42x10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(0.33x10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>/ yr). Over this same time period, 92 percent of the tidal marsh and 69 percent of the intertidal mudflats were lost as human activity increased and the shorefront was developed. During the first time period, from 1855 to 1895, Central San Francisco Bay was erosional, losing roughly 2x10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>/ yr of sediment. The next time period was depositional, with a net gain of approximately 3x10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>/ yr of sediment from 1895 to 1947. The last time period, from 1947 to 1979, was erosional again, losing roughly 2x10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>/ yr of sediment. Sedimentation patterns also varied spatially. The northern part of Central San Francisco Bay was depositional during all change periods while the eastern region alternated between erosional and depositional.</p><p>Central San Francisco Bay sedimentation patterns have also been strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as dredging and dredge disposal, borrow pits, and sand mining. For example, bathymetric change at a borrow pit created near Bay Farm Island sometime between the 1947 and 1979 surveys indicates roughly 25x10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of sediment was removed from the system</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081312","usgsCitation":"Fregoso, T.A., Foxgrover, A., and Jaffe, B.E., 2008, Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay:  1855-1979 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1312, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081312.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081312.PNG"},{"id":316660,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1312/of2008-1312.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12129,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403237,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85394.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.59368896484374,\n              37.69903420794415\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18719482421874,\n              37.69903420794415\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18719482421874,\n              37.99183365313853\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59368896484374,\n              37.99183365313853\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59368896484374,\n              37.69903420794415\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fregoso, Theresa A.","contributorId":67181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregoso","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C.","contributorId":45775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97151,"text":"ofr20081291 - 2008 - Floods of August and September 2004 in eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1556","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T21:47:04.918824","indexId":"ofr20081291","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1291","title":"Floods of August and September 2004 in eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1556","docAbstract":"A band of severe thunderstorms at the end of August 2004 and the passage of the remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 caused severe flooding in eastern Ohio during August and September 2004. Record peak streamflow occurred at 12 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages. Damages caused by the flooding produced by these storms were severe enough for 21 counties in eastern Ohio to be declared Federal disaster areas. In all, there were 4 storm- or flood-related deaths, 2,563 private structures damaged or destroyed, and an estimated $81 million in damages.\r\n\r\nThis report describes the meteorological factors that resulted in severe flooding in eastern Ohio during August 27-September 27, 2004, and examines the damages caused by the storms and flooding. Peak-stage, peak-streamflow, and recurrence-interval data are reported for selected USGS streamgages. Flood profiles determined by the USGS are presented for selected streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081291","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ebner, A.D., Straub, D.E., and Lageman, J.D., 2008, Floods of August and September 2004 in eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1556: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1291, viii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081291.","productDescription":"viii, 104 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-08-27","temporalEnd":"2004-09-27","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404174,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85399.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.6667,\n              38.4106\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5192,\n              38.4106\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5192,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6667,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6667,\n              38.4106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfe3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lageman, Jonathan D. jlageman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jlageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97150,"text":"ofr20081290 - 2008 - Floods of May and June 2004 in central and eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1519","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T13:11:03.325774","indexId":"ofr20081290","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1290","title":"Floods of May and June 2004 in central and eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1519","docAbstract":"Several severe thunderstorms that passed through Ohio between May 17 and June 17, 2004, produced large amounts of rain in an already wet central and eastern Ohio, resulting in flooding in this region from May 18 to June 21, 2004. Record peak streamflow occurred at three U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages. Damages caused by the flooding resulting from these storms were severe enough that 25 counties in central and eastern Ohio were declared Federal disaster areas. In all, there were two storm- or flood-related deaths, 3,529 private structures damaged or destroyed, and an estimated $43 million in damages.\r\n\r\nThis report describes the meteorological factors that resulted in severe flooding in central and eastern Ohio between May 18 and June 21, 2004, and addresses the damages caused by the storms and flooding. Peak-stage, peak-streamflow, and recurrence-interval data are reported for selected USGS streamgages. Flood profiles determined by the USGS are presented for selected streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081290","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ebner, A.D., Straub, D.E., and Lageman, J.D., 2008, Floods of May and June 2004 in central and eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1519: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1290, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081290.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-05-17","temporalEnd":"2004-06-21","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403716,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12135,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.726806640625,\n              39.5633531658293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.584716796875,\n              39.5633531658293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.584716796875,\n              41.74672584176937\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.726806640625,\n              41.74672584176937\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.726806640625,\n              39.5633531658293\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lageman, Jonathan D. jlageman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jlageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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