{"pageNumber":"2064","pageRowStart":"51575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70036808,"text":"70036808 - 2009 - Time-series modeling of reservoir effects on river nitrate concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-series modeling of reservoir effects on river nitrate concentrations","docAbstract":"Saylorville Reservoir is a 24.1 km<sup>2</sup> impoundment of the Des Moines River located approximately 10 km north of the City of Des Moines, Iowa, USA. Surface water from the Des Moines River used for drinking water supply is impaired for nitrate-nitrogen. Monthly mean nitrate concentration data collected upstream and downstream of the reservoir for a 30-year period (1977-2006) were selected for time-series analysis. Our objectives were to (1) develop a model describing nitrate concentrations downstream of the reservoir as a function of the concentrations entering the reservoir and (2) use the model to provide a 1-month ahead forecast for downstream water quality. Results indicated that downstream nitrate can be effectively modeled using a transfer function approach that utilized inflow concentrations during the current and previous month as input variables. Inflow concentrations were modeled using an AR(20) model, with the higher order model consistent with temporal correlation noted by others. The transfer function model suggested that the reservoir is reducing nitrate concentrations by 22 ?? 6%, a reduction that greatly exceeds previous estimates. Monthly nitrate forecasted with the model were nearly all within a 95% prediction interval of their actual measured values and did not appear greatly affected by flow variations. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.04.002","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Schoch, A., Schilling, K.E., and Chan, K., 2009, Time-series modeling of reservoir effects on river nitrate concentrations: Advances in Water Resources, v. 32, no. 8, p. 1197-1205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.04.002.","startPage":"1197","endPage":"1205","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.04.002"},{"id":245767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3d9e4b08c986b32600c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoch, A.L.","contributorId":66944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoch","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chan, K.-S.","contributorId":39220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"K.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036627,"text":"70036627 - 2009 - Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036627","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves","docAbstract":"Historic earthquakes generated by the New Madrid seismic zone represent some of the largest recorded in the United States, yet prehistoric events are recognized only through deformation in late-Wisconsin to Holocene-age, near surface sediments (liquefaction, monoclinal folding, and changes in river meanders). In this article, we show that speleothems in caves of southwestern Illinois and southeastern Missouri may constitute a previously unrecognized recorder of large earthquakes in the U.S. midcontinent region. The timing of the initiation and regrowth of stalagmites in southwestern Illinois and southeastern Missouri caves is consistent with the historic and prehistoric record of several known seismic events in the U.S. midcontinent region. We conclude that dating the initiation of original stalagmite growth and later postearthquake rejuvenation constitutes a new paleoseismic method that has the potential for being applied to any region around the world in the vicinity of major seismic zones where caves exist. Use of this technique could expand the geographical distribution of paleoseimic data, document prehistoric earthquakes, and help improve interpretations of paleoearthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080261","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Lundstrom, C., Hackley, K.C., Curry, B.B., Fouke, B., and Zhang, Z., 2009, Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 4, p. 2147-2154, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080261.","startPage":"2147","endPage":"2154","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080261"},{"id":245787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c0de4b0c8380cd6998e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundstrom, C.C.","contributorId":72997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fouke, B.W.","contributorId":53137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouke","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Z.","contributorId":47505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036969,"text":"70036969 - 2009 - Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:40:05","indexId":"70036969","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shifts in the timing of spring phenology are a central feature of global change research. Long-term observations of plant phenology have been used to track vegetation responses to climate variability but are often limited to particular species and locations and may not represent synoptic patterns. Satellite remote sensing is instead used for continental to global monitoring. Although numerous methods exist to extract phenological timing, in particular start-of-spring (SOS), from time series of reflectance data, a comprehensive intercomparison and interpretation of SOS methods has not been conducted. Here, we assess 10 SOS methods for North America between 1982 and 2006. The techniques include consistent inputs from the 8&nbsp;km Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer NDVIg dataset, independent data for snow cover, soil thaw, lake ice dynamics, spring streamflow timing, over 16&nbsp;000 individual measurements of ground-based phenology, and two temperature-driven models of spring phenology. Compared with an ensemble of the 10 SOS methods, we found that individual methods differed in average day-of-year estimates by ±60 days and in standard deviation by ±20 days. The ability of the satellite methods to retrieve SOS estimates was highest in northern latitudes and lowest in arid, tropical, and Mediterranean ecoregions. The ordinal rank of SOS methods varied geographically, as did the relationships between SOS estimates and the cryospheric/hydrologic metrics. Compared with ground observations, SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages. We found no evidence for time trends in spring arrival from ground- or model-based data; using an ensemble estimate from two methods that were more closely related to ground observations than other methods, SOS trends could be detected for only 12% of North America and were divided between trends towards both earlier and later spring.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"White, M., de Beurs, K., Didan, K., Inouye, D., Richardson, A., Jensen, O., O'Keefe, J., Zhang, G., Nemani, R., van, L.W., Brown, J.F., de Wit, A., Schaepman, M., Lin, X., Dettinger, M., Bailey, A., Kimball, J., Schwartz, M., Baldocchi, D.D., Lee, J., and Lauenroth, W., 2009, Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 10, p. 2335-2359, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2335","endPage":"2359","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501067,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/intercomparison-interpretation-and-assessment-of-spring-phenology","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf1e4b0c8380cd63189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, M.A.","contributorId":8312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Beurs, K. M.","contributorId":28839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Beurs","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Didan, K.","contributorId":25356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Didan","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inouye, D.W.","contributorId":53136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inouye","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, A.D.","contributorId":10629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, O.P.","contributorId":15865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"O.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Keefe, J.","contributorId":65698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Keefe","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, G.","contributorId":12636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nemani, R.R.","contributorId":51133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemani","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"van, Leeuwen W.J.D. W.J.D.","contributorId":54826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van","given":"Leeuwen","suffix":"W.J.D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"de Wit, A.","contributorId":25390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Wit","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schaepman, M.","contributorId":24527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lin, X.","contributorId":99805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bailey, A.S.","contributorId":97352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kimball, J.","contributorId":75786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Schwartz, M.D.","contributorId":83468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Baldocchi, D. D.","contributorId":99709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldocchi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Lee, J.T.","contributorId":59659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lauenroth, W.K.","contributorId":59755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"W.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70036695,"text":"70036695 - 2009 - Strategic analysis for the MER Cape Verde approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:58:31","indexId":"70036695","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Strategic analysis for the MER Cape Verde approach","docAbstract":"The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has recently completed a two year campaign studying Victoria Crater. The campaign culminated in a close approach of Cape Verde in order to acquire high resolution imagery of the exposed stratigraphy in the cliff face. The close approach to Cape Verde provided significant challenges for every subsystem of the rover as the rover needed to traverse difficult, uncharacterised terrain and approach a cliff face with the potential of blocking out solar energy and communications with Earth. In this paper we describe the strategic analyses performed by the science and engineering teams so that we could successfully achieve the science objectives while keeping the rover safe. ??2009 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference","conferenceDate":"7 March 2009 through 14 March 2009","conferenceLocation":"Big Sky, MT","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2009.4839698","issn":"1095323X","isbn":"9781424426225","usgsCitation":"Gaines, D., Belluta, P., Herman, J., Hwang, P., Mukai, R., Porter, D., Jones, B., Wood, E., Grotzinger, J., Edgar, L.A., Hayes, A., Hare, T.M., and Squyres, S.W., 2009, Strategic analysis for the MER Cape Verde approach, <i>in</i> IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Big Sky, MT, 7 March 2009 through 14 March 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2009.4839698.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476237,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130304-083857610","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217449,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2009.4839698"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98a2e4b08c986b31c0df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaines, Daniel","contributorId":3112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaines","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belluta, Paolo","contributorId":77394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belluta","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, Jennifer","contributorId":22719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herman","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, Pauline","contributorId":91404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Pauline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mukai, Ryan","contributorId":33150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mukai","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Porter, Dan","contributorId":83353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Byron","contributorId":101949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Byron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wood, Eric","contributorId":149238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Grotzinger, John P.","contributorId":22247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Edgar, Lauren A. 0000-0001-7512-7813 ledgar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-7813","contributorId":167501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"Lauren","email":"ledgar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hayes, Alex","contributorId":86090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Alex","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Squyres, Steve W.","contributorId":90212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70036782,"text":"70036782 - 2009 - A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:09:34","indexId":"70036782","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a new finite-element technique for calculating dynamic 3-D spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault, which can reduce the required computational resources by a factor of six or more, without loss of accuracy. The grid-doubling technique employs small cells in a thin layer surrounding the fault. The remainder of the modelling volume is filled with larger cells, typically two or four times as large as the small cells. In the resulting non-conforming mesh, an interpolation method is used to join the thin layer of smaller cells to the volume of larger cells. Grid-doubling is effective because spontaneous rupture calculations typically require higher spatial resolution on and near the fault than elsewhere in the model volume. The technique can be applied to non-planar faults by morphing, or smoothly distorting, the entire mesh to produce the desired 3-D fault geometry. Using our FaultMod finite-element software, we have tested grid-doubling with both slip-weakening and rate-and-state friction laws, by running the SCEC/USGS 3-D dynamic rupture benchmark problems. We have also applied it to a model of the Hayward fault, Northern California, which uses realistic fault geometry and rock properties. FaultMod implements fault slip using common nodes, which represent motion common to both sides of the fault, and differential nodes, which represent motion of one side of the fault relative to the other side. We describe how to modify the traction-at-split-nodes method to work with common and differential nodes, using an implicit time stepping algorithm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04190.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Barall, M., 2009, A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault: Geophysical Journal International, v. 178, no. 2, p. 845-859, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04190.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"859","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-008423","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476135,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04190.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217824,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04190.x"}],"volume":"178","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e40de4b0c8380cd463a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barall, Michael mbarall@usgs.gov","contributorId":2595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barall","given":"Michael","email":"mbarall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036619,"text":"70036619 - 2009 - Comment on \"Revisiting the 1872 owens valley, California, earthquake\" by Susan E. Hough and Kate Hutton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T12:51:17","indexId":"70036619","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"Revisiting the 1872 owens valley, California, earthquake\" by Susan E. Hough and Kate Hutton","docAbstract":"Bakun (2009) argues that the conclusions of Hough and Hutton (2008) are wrong because the study failed to take into account the Sierra Nevada attenuation model of Bakun (2006). In particular, Bakun (2009) argues that propagation effects can explain the relatively high intensities generated by the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake. Using an intensity attenuation model that attempts to account for attenuation through the Sierra Nevada, Bakun (2006) infers the magnitude estimate (M<sub>w</sub> 7.4–7.5) that is currently accepted by National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080148","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 2009, Comment on \"Revisiting the 1872 owens valley, California, earthquake\" by Susan E. Hough and Kate Hutton: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 4, p. 2589-2590, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080148.","startPage":"2589","endPage":"2590","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080148"},{"id":245664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e7e4b0c8380cd4cd85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036968,"text":"70036968 - 2009 - Effect of time dependence on probabilistic seismic-hazard maps and deaggregation for the central Apennines, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T11:32:42","indexId":"70036968","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of time dependence on probabilistic seismic-hazard maps and deaggregation for the central Apennines, Italy","docAbstract":"We produce probabilistic seismic-hazard assessments for the central Apennines, Italy, using time-dependent models that are characterized using a Brownian passage time recurrence model. Using aperiodicity parameters, ?? of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, we examine the sensitivity of the probabilistic ground motion and its deaggregation to these parameters. For the seismic source model we incorporate both smoothed historical seismicity over the area and geological information on faults. We use the maximum magnitude model for the fault sources together with a uniform probability of rupture along the fault (floating fault model) to model fictitious faults to account for earthquakes that cannot be correlated with known geologic structural segmentation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080053","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Akinci, A., Galadini, F., Pantosti, D., Petersen, M.D., Malagnini, L., and Perkins, D., 2009, Effect of time dependence on probabilistic seismic-hazard maps and deaggregation for the central Apennines, Italy: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 2 A, p. 585-610, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080053.","startPage":"585","endPage":"610","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217580,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080053"},{"id":245533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0626e4b0c8380cd5110e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Akinci, A.","contributorId":89715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akinci","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galadini, F.","contributorId":35159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galadini","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pantosti, D.","contributorId":66013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantosti","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malagnini, L.","contributorId":81692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malagnini","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perkins, D.","contributorId":83589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036779,"text":"70036779 - 2009 - Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece, Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:21:33","indexId":"70036779","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece, Earthquake","docAbstract":"An M 6.7 intermediate-depth (66 km), in-slab earthquake occurring near the island of Kythera in Greece on 8 January 2006 was well recorded on networks of stations equipped with acceleration sensors and with broadband velocity sensors. All data were recorded digitally using recording instruments with resolutions ranging from almost 11 to 24 bits. We use data from these networks to study the distance dependence of the horizontal-component Fourier acceleration spectra (FAS) and horizontal-component pseudoabsolute response spectral acceleration (PSA). For purposes of simulating motions in the future, we parameterize the distance decay using several forms of the geometrical-spreading function, for each of which we derive Q as a function of frequency. By extrapolating the distance decay back to 1 km, we obtain a reference spectrum that can be used in future simulations. This spectrum requires a more complicated spectral shape than the classic single-corner-frequency model; in particular, there appears to be an enhancement of motion around 0.2-0.3 Hz that may be due to the radiation of a 3-5 sec pulse from the source. We infer a ??<sub>0</sub> value of about 0.055 sec for rock stations and a stress parameter in the range of 400-600 bars. We also find distinctive differences in the site response of stations on soft soil and soil; both the FAS and the 5% damped PSA amplifications have similar peak amplitudes (about 2 and 4 for soil and soft-soil sites, respectively, relative to the rock sites) at similar frequencies (between about 0.4 and 2.0 Hz, with the soft-soil amplifications peaking at somewhat lower frequencies than the soil amplifications). One of the most distinctive features of the data is the clear difference in the motions for along-arc and back-arc stations, with the former being significantly higher than the latter over a broad range of frequencies at distances beyond about 250 km. The motions from the Kythera earthquake are roughly comparable to those from intermediate-depth earthquakes elsewhere, but they appear to be significantly higher than those from recordings of shallow earthquakes in Greece of comparable magnitude and hypocentral distance.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080229","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., Skarlatoudis, A., Margaris, B., Costas, B., and Ventouzi, C., 2009, Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece, Earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 4, p. 2410-2434, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080229.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2410","endPage":"2434","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-007991","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080229"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e972e4b0c8380cd482ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skarlatoudis, A.A.","contributorId":60476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skarlatoudis","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Margaris, B.N.","contributorId":16610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margaris","given":"B.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Costas, B.P.","contributorId":76166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costas","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ventouzi, C.","contributorId":85016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ventouzi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036967,"text":"70036967 - 2009 - Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036967","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar","docAbstract":"We acquired three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data across three stream sites on the North Slope, AK, in August 2005, to investigate the dependence of thaw depth on channel morphology. Data were migrated with mean velocities derived from multi-offset GPR profiles collected across a stream section within each of the 3D survey areas. GPR data interpretations from the alluvial-lined stream site illustrate greater thaw depths beneath riffle and gravel bar features relative to neighboring pool features. The peat-lined stream sites indicate the opposite; greater thaw depths beneath pools and shallower thaw beneath the connecting runs. Results provide detailed 3D geometry of active-layer thaw depths that can support hydrological studies seeking to quantify transport and biogeochemical processes that occur within the hyporheic zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brosten, T., Bradford, J., McNamara, J.P., Gooseff, M., Zarnetske, J., Bowden, W., and Johnston, M., 2009, Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 479-486, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011.","startPage":"479","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011"},{"id":245504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0afbe4b0c8380cd524ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosten, T.R.","contributorId":35985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, J.H.","contributorId":22606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, J. P.","contributorId":105551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNamara","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zarnetske, J.P.","contributorId":11032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarnetske","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowden, W.B.","contributorId":83237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowden","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, M.E.","contributorId":92081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036966,"text":"70036966 - 2009 - Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:29:12","indexId":"70036966","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator","docAbstract":"<p><span>Avian researchers often uniquely mark birds, and multiple estimators could be used to estimate population size using individually identified birds. However, most estimators of population size require that all sightings of marked birds be uniquely identified, and many assume homogeneous detection probabilities. Bowden's estimator can incorporate sightings of marked birds that are not uniquely identified and relax assumptions required of other estimators. I used computer simulation to evaluate the performance of Bowden's estimator for situations likely to be encountered in bird studies. When the assumptions of the estimator were met, abundance and variance estimates and confidence-interval coverage were accurate. However, precision was poor for small population sizes (N &lt; 50) unless a large percentage of the population was marked (&gt;75%) and multiple (≥8) sighting surveys were conducted. If additional birds are marked after sighting surveys begin, it is important to initially mark a large proportion of the population (</span><i>p<sub>m</sub> </i><span>≥ 0.5 if </span><i>N</i><span> ≤ 100 or </span><i>p<sub>m</sub> </i><span>&gt; 0.1 if </span><i>N</i><span> ≥ 250) and minimize sightings in which birds are not uniquely identified; otherwise, most population estimates will be overestimated by &gt;10%. Bowden's estimator can be useful for avian studies because birds can be resighted multiple times during a single survey, not all sightings of marked birds have to uniquely identify individuals, detection probabilities among birds can vary, and the complete study area does not have to be surveyed. I provide computer code for use with pilot data to design mark-resight surveys to meet desired precision for abundance estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.08041","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., 2009, Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 211-217, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08041.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"217","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b0ce4b0c8380cd52537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036777,"text":"70036777 - 2009 - Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T08:01:12","indexId":"70036777","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Perchlorate (ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup>Cl measurements for further improving the discrimination of ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>having high<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup>Cl abundances (<sup>36</sup>Cl/Cl = 3100 × 10<sup>−15</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 28,800 × 10<sup>−15</sup>), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (<sup>36</sup>Cl/Cl = 0.9 × 10<sup>−15</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 590 × 10<sup>−15</sup>) and synthetic ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>reagents and products (<sup>36</sup>Cl/Cl = 0.0 × 10<sup>−15</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 40 × 10<sup>−15</sup>). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup>Cl data provide a clear distinction among three principal ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9012195","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Sturchio, N., Caffee, M., Beloso, A.D., Heraty, L., Böhlke, J., Hatzinger, P., Jackson, W., Gu, B., Heikoop, J., and Dale, M., 2009, Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 18, p. 6934-6938, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9012195.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6934","endPage":"6938","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217713,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9012195"}],"volume":"43","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cde4b0c8380cd4c420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturchio, N.C.","contributorId":16580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caffee, M.","contributorId":86518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beloso, Abelardo D. Jr.","contributorId":15016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beloso","given":"Abelardo","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heraty, L.J.","contributorId":7090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heraty","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatzinger, P.B.","contributorId":12663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jackson, W.A.","contributorId":15549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gu, B.","contributorId":8670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heikoop, J.M.","contributorId":29247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heikoop","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dale, M.","contributorId":7117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70036707,"text":"70036707 - 2009 - Processes affecting  δ<sup>34</sup>S and δ<sup>18</sup>O values of dissolved sulfate in alluvium along the Canadian River, central Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:54:35","indexId":"70036707","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes affecting  δ<sup>34</sup>S and δ<sup>18</sup>O values of dissolved sulfate in alluvium along the Canadian River, central Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The &delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values for dissolved sulfate in groundwater are commonly used in aquifer studies to identify sulfate reservoirs and describe biogeochemical processes. The utility of these data, however, often is compromised by mixing of sulfate sources within reservoirs and isotope fractionation during sulfur redox cycling. Our study shows that, after all potential sulfate sources are identified and isotopically characterized, the &delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;values differentiate processes such as sulfate-source mixing, sulfide oxidation, barite dissolution, and organosulfur decomposition. During bacterial reduction of sulfate, the values reflect kinetic sulfur isotope fractionation and exchange of oxygen isotopes between sulfate and water. Detailed analysis of the chemistry (Cl and SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations) and isotopic composition (&delta;</span><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>H2O</sub><span>and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>H2O</sub><span>) of groundwater in an alluvial aquifer in Central Oklahoma, USA allowed the identification of five distinct end members that supply water to the aquifer (regional groundwater flowing into the study area, river water, leachate from a closed landfill that operated within the site, rain, and surface runoff). The &delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;values in each end member differentiated three sources of sulfate: sulfate dissolved from Early to Late Permian rocks within the drainage basin (&delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;8&ndash;12&permil; and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;10&permil;), iron sulfides oxidized by molecular oxygen during low water-table levels (&delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;16&permil; and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;10&permil;), and organosulfur compounds (predominately ester sulfates) from decomposition of vegetation on the surface and from landfill trash buried in the alluvium (&delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;8&permil; and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;6&permil;). During bacterial reduction of these sulfate sources, similar isotope fractionation processes are recorded in the parallel trends of increasing &delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;values. When extensive reduction occurs, the kinetic sulfur isotope fractionation (estimated by&nbsp;</span><i>&epsilon;</i><sub>H2S&ndash;SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;23&permil;) results in the steady increase of &delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>values to greater than 70&permil;. Equilibrium isotope fractionation during exchange of sulfate oxygen and water oxygen, a process not commonly observed in field-based studies, is documented in &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;values asymptotically approaching 21&permil;, the value predicted for conditions at the study site (</span><i>&epsilon;</i><sub>SO4&ndash;H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;27&permil;). These results show that recognition of all potential sulfate sources is a critical first step to resolving complexities in &delta;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>SO4</sub><span>&nbsp;data. The approach taken in this study can be used in other aquifer systems where the identification of multiple sulfate sources and sulfur redox cycling is important to understanding natural processes and anthropogenic influences.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.009","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Breit, G.N., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2009, Processes affecting  δ<sup>34</sup>S and δ<sup>18</sup>O values of dissolved sulfate in alluvium along the Canadian River, central Oklahoma, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 265, no. 3-4, p. 455-467, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"467","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217651,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Canadian River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.99755859375,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.99755859375,\n              36.08462129606931\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7900390625,\n              36.08462129606931\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7900390625,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.99755859375,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"265","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8da4e4b0c8380cd7ed37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036775,"text":"70036775 - 2009 - Ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Luan river source water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:15:48","indexId":"70036775","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Luan river source water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Distribution and characteristics of heavy metals enrichment in sediment were surveyed including the bio-available form analyzed for assessment of the Luan River source water quality. The approaches of sediment quality guidelines (SQG), risk assessment code and Hakanson potential ecological risk index were used for the ecological risk assessment. According to SQG, The results show that in animal bodies, Hg at the sampling site of Wuliehexia was 1.39&nbsp;mg/kg, Cr at Sandaohezi was 152.37&nbsp;mg/kg and Cu at Hanjiaying was 178.61&nbsp;mg/kg exceeding the severe effect screening level. There were 90% of sampling sites of Cr and Pb and 50% sites of Cu exceeded the lowest effect screening level. At Boluonuo and Wuliehexia, the exchangeable and carbonate fractions for above 50% of sites were at high risk levels and that for above 30% of sites at Xiahenan and Wulieheshang were also at high risk levels. Other sites were at medium risk level. Compared to soil background values of China, Hg and Cd showed very strong ecological risk, and the seven heavy metals of Hg, Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Cr, Zn at ecological risk levels were in the descending order. The results could give insight into risk assessment of environmental pollution and decision-making for water source security.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-009-0345-y","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Li, Y., Zhang, B., Cao, J., Cao, Z., and Domagalski, J.L., 2009, Ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Luan river source water: Ecotoxicology, v. 18, no. 6, p. 748-758, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0345-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"748","endPage":"758","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0345-y"},{"id":245641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a055ee4b0c8380cd50d8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Jingling","contributorId":208164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Jingling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Yongli","contributorId":208165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Yongli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Bao","contributorId":208166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Bao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cao, Jinling","contributorId":208167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cao","given":"Jinling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cao, Zhiguo","contributorId":208168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cao","given":"Zhiguo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036772,"text":"70036772 - 2009 - Recent land cover history and nutrient retention in riparian wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036772","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent land cover history and nutrient retention in riparian wetlands","docAbstract":"Wetland ecosystems are profoundly affected by altered nutrient and sediment loads received from anthropogenic activity in their surrounding watersheds. Our objective was to compare a gradient of agricultural and urban land cover history during the period from 1949 to 1997, with plant and soil nutrient concentrations in, and sediment deposition to, riparian wetlands in a rapidly urbanizing landscape. We observed that recent agricultural land cover was associated with increases in Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) concentrations in a native wetland plant species. Conversely, recent urban land cover appeared to alter receiving wetland environmental conditions by increasing the relative availability of P versus N, as reflected in an invasive, but not a native, plant species. In addition, increases in surface soil Fe content suggests recent inputs of terrestrial sediments associated specifically with increasing urban land cover. The observed correlation between urban land cover and riparian wetland plant tissue and surface soil nutrient concentrations and sediment deposition, suggest that urbanization specifically enhances the suitability of riparian wetland habitats for the invasive species Japanese stiltgrass [Microstegium vimenium (Trinius) A. Camus]. ?? 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-009-9313-9","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D., and Walbridge, M., 2009, Recent land cover history and nutrient retention in riparian wetlands: Environmental Management, v. 44, no. 1, p. 62-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9313-9.","startPage":"62","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9313-9"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9626e4b0c8380cd81e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, D.M.","contributorId":106711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walbridge, M.R.","contributorId":80488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walbridge","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036709,"text":"70036709 - 2009 - A method to establish seismic noise baselines for automated station assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036709","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method to establish seismic noise baselines for automated station assessment","docAbstract":"We present a method for quantifying station noise baselines and characterizing the spectral shape of out-of-nominal noise sources. Our intent is to automate this method in order to ensure that only the highest-quality data are used in rapid earthquake products at NEIC. In addition, the station noise baselines provide a valuable tool to support the quality control of GSN and ANSS backbone data and metadata. The procedures addressed here are currently in development at the NEIC, and work is underway to understand how quickly changes from nominal can be observed and used within the NEIC processing framework. The spectral methods and software used to compute station baselines and described herein (PQLX) can be useful to both permanent and portable seismic stations operators. Applications include: general seismic station and data quality control (QC), evaluation of instrument responses, assessment of near real-time communication system performance, characterization of site cultural noise conditions, and evaluation of sensor vault design, as well as assessment of gross network capabilities (McNamara et al. 2005). Future PQLX development plans include incorporating station baselines for automated QC methods and automating station status report generation and notification based on user-defined QC parameters. The PQLX software is available through the USGS (http://earthquake. usgs.gov/research/software/pqlx.php) and IRIS (http://www.iris.edu/software/ pqlx/).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.80.4.628","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D., Hutt, C., Gee, L., Benz, H., and Buland, R., 2009, A method to establish seismic noise baselines for automated station assessment: Seismological Research Letters, v. 80, no. 4, p. 628-637, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.4.628.","startPage":"628","endPage":"637","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.4.628"},{"id":245636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e45fe4b0c8380cd465fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, D.E. 0000-0001-6860-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":52286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutt, C. R. 0000-0001-9033-9195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":61910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gee, L.S.","contributorId":37980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buland, R.P.","contributorId":85233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buland","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036713,"text":"70036713 - 2009 - Developing collaborative classifiers using an expert-based model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-11T12:48:47.131424","indexId":"70036713","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing collaborative classifiers using an expert-based model","docAbstract":"<p>This paper presents a hierarchical, multi-stage adaptive strategy for image classification. We iteratively apply various classification methods (e.g., decision trees, neural networks), identify regions of parametric and geographic space where accuracy is low, and in these regions, test and apply alternate methods repeating the process until the entire image is classified. Currently, classifiers are evaluated through human input using an expert-based system; therefore, this paper acts as the proof of concept for collaborative classifiers. Because we decompose the problem into smaller, more manageable sub-tasks, our classification exhibits increased flexibility compared to existing methods since classification methods are tailored to the idiosyncrasies of specific regions. A major benefit of our approach is its scalability and collaborative support since selected low-accuracy classifiers can be easily replaced with others without affecting classification accuracy in high accuracy areas. At each stage, we develop spatially explicit accuracy metrics that provide straightforward assessment of results by non-experts and point to areas that need algorithmic improvement or ancillary data. Our approach is demonstrated in the task of detecting impervious surface areas, an important indicator for human-induced alterations to the environment, using a 2001 Landsat scene from Las Vegas, Nevada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.7.831","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Mountrakis, G., Watts, R., Luo, L., and Wang, J., 2009, Developing collaborative classifiers using an expert-based model: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 7, p. 831-843, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.7.831.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"843","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.7.831","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Nevada","city":"Las Vegas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.79589843749999,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6533203125,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6533203125,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.79589843749999,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.79589843749999,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ee4b0c8380cd4f56f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mountrakis, G.","contributorId":53204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountrakis","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, R.","contributorId":15442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luo, L.","contributorId":51515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Jingyuan","contributorId":10771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jingyuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036715,"text":"70036715 - 2009 - Perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:34:34","indexId":"70036715","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana","docAbstract":"In 2007 archived great blue heron (Ardea herodias) eggs collected from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, IN, (Indiana Dunes) in 1993 were analyzed for 11 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and 7 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate, the major contributor to total PFC concentrations, were below the toxicity thresholds estimated for bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), but within the toxicity threshold estimated for white leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus). The ranking of PBDE congener concentrations by percent concentration (PBDE-47 > -99 > -100 > -153 > -154 > -28 > -183) was consistent with the Penta-PBDE formulation. Total PBDE concentrations in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes were elevated and probably reflect local contamination from highly urbanized and industrialized inputs into Lake Michigan. Polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations were within levels associated with altered reproductive behavior in other avian species and based on trends in other Great Lakes birds are probably higher today.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.02.003","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Kannan, K., Tao, L., Saxena, A., and Route, B., 2009, Perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 3, p. 401-405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.02.003.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.02.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a767ee4b0c8380cd78140","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kannan, K.","contributorId":71130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kannan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tao, L.","contributorId":71033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saxena, A.R.","contributorId":25801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saxena","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Route, B.","contributorId":44769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Route","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036964,"text":"70036964 - 2009 - Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:18:29.596387","indexId":"70036964","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus","docAbstract":"A comprehensive dataset of NDV genome sequences was evaluated using bioinformatics to characterize the evolutionary forces affecting NDV genomes. Despite evidence of recombination in most genes, only one event in the fusion gene of genotype V viruses produced evolutionarily viable progenies. The codon-associated rate of change for the six NDV proteins revealed that the highest rate of change occurred at the fusion protein. All proteins were under strong purifying (negative) selection; the fusion protein displayed the highest number of amino acids under positive selection. Regardless of the phylogenetic grouping or the level of virulence, the cleavage site motif was highly conserved implying that mutations at this site that result in changes of virulence may not be favored. The coding sequence of the fusion gene and the genomes of viruses from wild birds displayed higher yearly rates of change in virulent viruses than in viruses of low virulence, suggesting that an increase in virulence may accelerate the rate of NDV evolution. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033","issn":"00426822","usgsCitation":"Miller, P., Kim, L., Ip, H., and Afonso, C., 2009, Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus: Virology, v. 391, no. 1, p. 64-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-013621","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217520,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033"}],"volume":"391","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d90e4b0c8380cd530b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, P.J.","contributorId":81345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, L.M.","contributorId":74990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Afonso, C.L.","contributorId":42066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afonso","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036918,"text":"70036918 - 2009 - Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036918","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data","docAbstract":"Stream-sediment and soil geochemical data from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina (USA) were studied to determine relationships between soils and stream sediments. From multi-element associations, characteristic compositions were determined for both media. Primary associations of elements reflect mineralogy, including heavy minerals, carbonates and clays, and the effects of groundwater. The effects of groundwater on element concentrations are more evident in soils than stream sediments. A \"winnowing index\" was created using ratios of Th to Al that revealed differing erosional and depositional environments. Both soils and stream sediments from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains show derivation from similar materials and subsequent similar multi-element relationships, but have some distinct differences. In the Lower Coastal Plain, soils have high values of elements concentrated in heavy minerals (Ce, Y, Th) that grade into high values of elements concentrated into finer-grain-size, lower-density materials, primarily comprised of carbonates and feldspar minerals (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al). These gradational trends in mineralogy and geochemistry are inferred to reflect reworking of materials during marine transgressions and regressions. Upper Coastal Plain stream-sediment geochemistry shows a higher winnowing index relative to soil geochemistry. A comparison of the 4 media (Upper Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments and Lower Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments) shows that Upper Coastal Plain stream sediments have a higher winnowing index and a higher concentration of elements contained within heavy minerals, whereas Lower Coastal Plain stream sediments show a strong correlation between elements typically contained within clays. It is not possible to calculate a functional relationship between stream sediment-soil compositions for all elements due to the complex history of weathering, deposition, reworking and re-deposition. However, depending on the spatial separation of the stream-sediment and soil samples, some elements are more highly correlated than others. Crown Copyright ?? 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Grunsky, E., Drew, L., and Sutphin, D.M., 2009, Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1602-1616, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024.","startPage":"1602","endPage":"1616","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024"},{"id":245621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8d89e4b0c8380cd7ec99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grunsky, E.C.","contributorId":91718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grunsky","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036877,"text":"70036877 - 2009 - Erosional consequence of saltcedar control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T14:06:24","indexId":"70036877","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosional consequence of saltcedar control","docAbstract":"Removal of nonnative riparian trees is accelerating to conserve water and improve habitat for native species. Widespread control of dominant species, however, can lead to unintended erosion. Helicopter herbicide application in 2003 along a 12-km reach of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico, eliminated the target invasive species saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), which dominated the floodplain, as well as the native species sandbar willow (Salix exigua Nuttall), which occurred as a fringe along the channel. Herbicide application initiated a natural experiment testing the importance of riparian vegetation for bank stability along this data-rich river. A flood three years later eroded about 680,000 m<sup>3</sup> of sediment, increasing mean channel width of the sprayed reach by 84%. Erosion upstream and downstream from the sprayed reach during this flood was inconsequential. Sand eroded from channel banks was transported an average of 5 km downstream and deposited on the floodplain and channel bed. Although vegetation was killed across the floodplain in the sprayed reach, erosion was almost entirely confined to the channel banks. The absence of dense, flexible woody stems on the banks reduced drag on the flow, leading to high shear stress at the toe of the banks, fluvial erosion, bank undercutting, and mass failure. The potential for increased erosion must be included in consideration of phreatophyte control projects. ?? 2009 U.S. Government.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-009-9314-8","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Vincent, K., Friedman, J.M., and Griffin, E., 2009, Erosional consequence of saltcedar control: Environmental Management, v. 44, no. 2, p. 218-227, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9314-8.","startPage":"218","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72N50CM","text":"Lower Rio Puerco geospatial data, 1935 - 2014"},{"id":217516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9314-8"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a42e4b0c8380cd5228c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vincent, K.R.","contributorId":42563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, E.R.","contributorId":15143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036919,"text":"70036919 - 2009 - Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036919","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Florida gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay, were sampled in two canal systems in south Florida during 2000-2001 to estimate age, growth and mortality as part of the Everglades ecosystem-restoration effort. Tamiami (C-4) and L-31W canal systems had direct connections to natural wetlands of the Everglades and harboured large Florida gar populations. Of 476 fish aged, maximum ages were 19 and 10years for females and males, respectively. Maximum sizes were also larger for females compared with males (817 vs 602 mm total length). Overall, female Florida gar from both Tamiami and L-31W were larger at age than males from L-31W that, in turn, were larger at any given age than males from Tamiami. Females also had lower rates of annual mortality (Z = 0.21) than males from L-31W (Z = 0.31) or males from Tamiami (Z = 0.54). As a large and long-lived apex predator in the Everglades, Florida gar may structure lower trophic levels. Regional- and sex-specific population parameters for Florida gar will contribute to the simulation models designed to evaluate Everglades restoration alternatives. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00678.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Murie, D., Parkyn, D., Nico, L., Herod, J., and Loftus, W., 2009, Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 315-322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00678.x.","startPage":"315","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217690,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00678.x"},{"id":245650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f5e4b0c8380cd47fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murie, D.J.","contributorId":89741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murie","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkyn, D.C.","contributorId":29245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkyn","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herod, J.J.","contributorId":28919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herod","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032340,"text":"70032340 - 2009 - Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70032340","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty","docAbstract":"The breadth and complexity of stochastic decision processes in natural resources presents a challenge to analysts who need to understand and use these approaches. The objective of this paper is to describe a class of decision processes that are germane to natural resources conservation and management, namely Markov decision processes, and to discuss applications and computing algorithms under different conditions of observability and uncertainty. A number of important similarities are developed in the framing and evaluation of different decision processes, which can be useful in their applications in natural resources management. The challenges attendant to partial observability are highlighted, and possible approaches for dealing with it are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 2009, Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 6, p. 830-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023.","startPage":"830","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023"},{"id":242848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5204e4b0c8380cd6c0cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036605,"text":"70036605 - 2009 - Scrub-shrub bird habitat associations at multiple spatial scales in beaver meadows in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:31:33","indexId":"70036605","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scrub-shrub bird habitat associations at multiple spatial scales in beaver meadows in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most scrub-shrub bird species are declining in the northeastern United States, and these declines are largely attributed to regional declines in habitat availability. American Beaver (</span><i>Castor canadensis</i><span>; hereafter “beaver”) populations have been increasing in the Northeast in recent decades, and beavers create scrub-shrub habitat through their dam-building and foraging activities. Few systematic studies have been conducted on the value of beaver-modified habitats for scrub-shrub birds, and these data are important for understanding habitat selection of scrub-shrub birds as well as for assessing regional habitat availability for these species. We conducted surveys in 37 beaver meadows in a 2,800-km</span><sup>2</sup><span> study area in western Massachusetts during 2005 and 2006 to determine the extent to which these beaver-modified habitats are used by scrub-shrub birds, as well as the characteristics of beaver meadows most closely related to bird use. We modeled bird abundance in relation to microhabitat-, patch-, and landscape-context variables while adjusting for survey-specific covariates affecting detectability using N-mixture models. We found that scrub-shrub birds of regional conservation concern occupied these sites and that birds responded differently to microhabitat, patch, and landscape characteristics of beaver meadows. Generally, scrub-shrub birds increased in abundance along a gradient of increasing vegetation complexity, and three species were positively related to patch size. We conclude that these habitats can potentially play an important role in regional conservation of scrub-shrub birds and recommend that conservation priority be given to larger beaver meadows with diverse vegetation structure and composition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.08083","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Chandler, R., King, D., and DeStefano, S., 2009, Scrub-shrub bird habitat associations at multiple spatial scales in beaver meadows in Massachusetts: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 186-197, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08083.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87b5e4b08c986b316606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chandler, R.B.","contributorId":28838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, D.I.","contributorId":19816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036856,"text":"70036856 - 2009 - Migratory decisions in birds: Extent of genetic versus environmental control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036856","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory decisions in birds: Extent of genetic versus environmental control","docAbstract":"Migration is one of the most spectacular of animal behaviors and is prevalent across a broad array of taxa. In birds, we know much about the physiological basis of how birds migrate, but less about the relative contribution of genetic versus environmental factors in controlling migratory tendency. To evaluate the extent to which migratory decisions are genetically determined, we examined whether individual western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) change their migratory tendency from one year to the next at two sites in southern Arizona. We also evaluated the heritability of migratory decisions by using logistic regression to examine the association between the migratory tendency of burrowing owl parents and their offspring. The probability of migrating decreased with age in both sexes and adult males were less migratory than females. Individual owls sometimes changed their migratory tendency from one year to the next, but changes were one-directional: adults that were residents during winter 2004-2005 remained residents the following winter, but 47% of adults that were migrants in winter 2004-2005 became residents the following winter. We found no evidence for an association between the migratory tendency of hatch-year owls and their male or female parents. Migratory tendency of hatch-year owls did not differ between years, study sites or sexes or vary by hatching date. Experimental provision of supplemental food did not affect these relationships. All of our results suggest that heritability of migratory tendency in burrowing owls is low, and that intraspecific variation in migratory tendency is likely due to: (1) environmental factors, or (2) a combination of environmental factors and non-additive genetic variation. The fact that an individual's migratory tendency can change across years implies that widespread anthropogenic changes (i.e., climate change or changes in land use) could potentially cause widespread changes in the migratory tendency of birds. ?? 2009 GovernmentEmployee: U. S. Geological Survey, Department of Interior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-009-1356-3","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Ogonowski, M., and Conway, C., 2009, Migratory decisions in birds: Extent of genetic versus environmental control: Oecologia, v. 161, no. 1, p. 199-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1356-3.","startPage":"199","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217602,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1356-3"}],"volume":"161","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5725e4b0c8380cd6daa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogonowski, M.S.","contributorId":24203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogonowski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036718,"text":"70036718 - 2009 - Freshwater ecosystems and resilience of Pacific salmon: Habitat Management based on natural variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:20:58","indexId":"70036718","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater ecosystems and resilience of Pacific salmon: Habitat Management based on natural variability","docAbstract":"In spite of numerous habitat restoration programs in fresh waters with an aggregate annual funding of millions of dollars, many populations of Pacific salmon remain significantly imperiled. Habitat restoration strategies that address limited environmental attributes and partial salmon life-history requirements or approaches that attempt to force aquatic habitat to conform to idealized but ecologically unsustainable conditions may partly explain this lack of response. Natural watershed processes generate highly variable environmental conditions and population responses, i.e., multiple life histories, that are often not considered in restoration. Examples from several locations underscore the importance of natural variability to the resilience of Pacific salmon. The implication is that habitat restoration efforts will be more likely to foster salmon resilience if they consider processes that generate and maintain natural variability in fresh water. We identify three specific criteria for management based on natural variability: the capacity of aquatic habitat to recover from disturbance, a range of habitats distributed across stream networks through time sufficient to fulfill the requirements of diverse salmon life histories, and ecological connectivity. In light of these considerations, we discuss current threats to habitat resilience and describe how regulatory and restoration approaches can be modified to better incorporate natural variability. ?? 2009 by the author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"17083087","usgsCitation":"Bisson, P., Dunham, J., and Reeves, G., 2009, Freshwater ecosystems and resilience of Pacific salmon: Habitat Management based on natural variability: Ecology and Society, v. 14, no. 1.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13dde4b0c8380cd547f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisson, P.A.","contributorId":17944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, G.H.","contributorId":37287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}