{"pageNumber":"2065","pageRowStart":"51600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70037076,"text":"70037076 - 2009 - Antipredator responses by native mosquitofish to non-native cichlids: An examination of the role of prey naiveté","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T14:40:21","indexId":"70037076","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1589,"text":"Ethology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antipredator responses by native mosquitofish to non-native cichlids: An examination of the role of prey naiveté","docAbstract":"<p><span>The strong impact of non-native predators in aquatic systems is thought to relate to the evolutionary naivet&eacute; of prey. Due to isolation and limited dispersal, this naivet&eacute; may be relatively high in freshwater systems. In this study, we tested this notion by examining the antipredator response of native mosquitofish,&nbsp;</span><i>Gambusia holbrooki,</i><span>&nbsp;to two non-native predators found in the Everglades, the African jewelfish,</span><i>Hemichromis letourneuxi,</i><span>&nbsp;and the Mayan cichlid,&nbsp;</span><i>Cichlasoma urophthalmus</i><span>. We manipulated prey naivet&eacute; by using two mosquitofish populations that varied in their experience with the recent invader, the African jewelfish, but had similar levels of experience with the longer-established Mayan cichlid. Specifically, we tested these predictions: (1) predator hunting modes differed between the two predators, (2) predation rates would be higher by the novel jewelfish predator, (3) particularly on the naive population living where jewelfish have not invaded yet, (4) antipredator responses would be stronger to Mayan cichlids due to greater experience and weaker and/or ineffective to jewelfish, and (5) especially weakest by the naive population. We assayed prey and predator behavior, and prey mortality in lab aquaria where both predators and prey were free-ranging. Predator hunting modes and habitat domains differed, with jewelfish being more active search predators that used slightly higher parts of the water column and less of the habitat structure relative to Mayan cichlids. In disagreement with our predictions, predation rates were similar between the two predators, antipredator responses were stronger to African jewelfish (except for predator inspections), and there was no difference in response between jewelfish-savvy and jewelfish-naive populations. These results suggest that despite the novelty of introduced predators, prey may be able to respond appropriately if non-native predator archetypes are similar enough to those of native predators, if prey rely on general antipredator responses or predation cues, and/or show neophobic responses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Verlag","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01694.x","issn":"01791613","usgsCitation":"Rehage, J.S., Dunlop, K.L., and Loftus, W., 2009, Antipredator responses by native mosquitofish to non-native cichlids: An examination of the role of prey naiveté: Ethology, v. 115, no. 11, p. 1046-1056, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01694.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1046","endPage":"1056","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01694.x"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","volume":"115","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec6de4b0c8380cd49272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rehage, Jennifer S.","contributorId":25364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehage","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunlop, Katherine L.","contributorId":30072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlop","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftus, William F.","contributorId":48628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037130,"text":"70037130 - 2009 - Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: Land use, management, and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:26:53","indexId":"70037130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: Land use, management, and climate","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) to simulate responses of natural and managed ecosystems to changes in land use and land cover, management, and climate for a forest/savanna transitional zone in central Ghana. Model results show that deforestation for crop production during the 20th century resulted in a substantial reduction in ecosystem carbon (C) stock from 135.4 Mg C ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> in 1900 to 77.0 Mg C ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> in 2000, and in soil organic C stock within the top 20 cm of soil from 26.6 Mg C ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> to 21.2 Mg C ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. If no land use change takes place from 2000 through 2100, low and high climate change scenarios (increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over time) will result in losses of soil organic C stock by 16% and 20%, respectively. A low nitrogen (N) fertilization rate is the principal constraint on current crop production. An increase in N fertilization under the low climate change scenario would lead to an increase in the average crop yield by 21% with 30 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> and by 42% with 60 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (varying with crop species), accordingly, the average soil C stock would decrease by 2% and increase by 17%, in all cropping systems by 2100. The results suggest that a reasonable N fertilization rate is critical to achieve food security and agricultural sustainability in the study area through the 21st century. Adaptation strategies for climate change in this study area require national plans to support policies and practices that provide adequate N fertilizers to sustain soil C and crop yields and to consider high temperature tolerant crop species if these temperature projections are exceeded.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-6-45-2009","issn":"17264170","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Tieszen, L., Tachie-Obeng, E., Liu, S., and Dieye, A., 2009, Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: Land use, management, and climate: Biogeosciences, v. 6, no. 1, p. 45-58, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-45-2009.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-45-2009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266035,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-45-2009"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a317fe4b0c8380cd5df96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tachie-Obeng, E.","contributorId":82550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tachie-Obeng","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dieye, A.M.","contributorId":35988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieye","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037075,"text":"70037075 - 2009 - Development of a liquefaction hazard screening tool for caltrans bridge sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037075","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a liquefaction hazard screening tool for caltrans bridge sites","docAbstract":"We have developed a liquefaction hazard screening tool for the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) that is being used to evaluate the liquefaction hazard to approximately 13,000 bridge sites in California. Because of the large number of bridge sites to be evaluated, we developed a tool that makes use of parameters not typically considered in site-specific liquefaction investigations. We assessed geologic, topographic, seismic hazard, and subsurface conditions at about 100 sites of past liquefaction in California. Among the parameters we found common to many of these sites are: (a) low elevations, (b) proximity to a water body, and (c) presence of geologically youthful deposits or artificial fill materials. The nature of the study necessitated the use of readily available data, preferably datasets that are consistent across the state. The screening tool we provided to Caltrans makes use of the following parameters: (1) proximity to a water body, (2) whether the bridge crosses a water body, (3) the age of site geologic materials and the environment in which the materials were deposited, as discerned from available digital geologic maps, (4) probabilistic shaking estimates, (5) the site elevation, (6) information from available liquefaction hazard maps [covering the 9-county San Francisco Bay Area and Ventura County] and California Geological Survey (CGS) Zones of Required Investigation. For bridge sites at which subsurface boring data were available (from CGS' existing database), we calculated Displacement Potential Index values using a methodology developed by Allison Faris and Jiaer Wu. Caltrans' staff will use this hazard-screening tool, along with other tools focused on bridges and foundations, to prioritize site-specific investigations. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment","conferenceTitle":"2009 ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Conference, TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment","conferenceDate":"28 June 2009 through 1 July 2009","conferenceLocation":"Oakland, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41050(357)55","isbn":"9780784410509","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, K.L., Bott, J., Woods, M., and McGuire, T., 2009, Development of a liquefaction hazard screening tool for caltrans bridge sites, <i>in</i> TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment, v. 357, Oakland, CA, 28 June 2009 through 1 July 2009, https://doi.org/10.1061/41050(357)55.","startPage":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41050(357)55"},{"id":245368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003be4b0c8380cd4f660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knudsen, Kathy L.","contributorId":41188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bott, J.D.J.","contributorId":80519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bott","given":"J.D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woods, M.O.","contributorId":69820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, T.L.","contributorId":11036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037161,"text":"70037161 - 2009 - Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2997,"text":"Palaeontologia Electronica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin","docAbstract":"In this issue of Palaeontologia Electronica Lucas, et al. (2009) question the validity f the Fassett (2009) paper that presented evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado. Their challenges focus primarily on the lithostratigraphy, palynology, and paleomagnetism of the dinosaur-bearing Ojo Alamo Sandstone, shown by Fassett to be of Paleocene age. The lithostratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo is addressed by Lucas et al. (2009) based on detailed studies of outcrops of this formation in two relatively small areas in the southern San Juan Basin where Ojo Alamo dinosaur fossils have been found. When viewed over its 13,000 km2 extent, the Ojo Alamo is seen to be a much more complex formation than these authors recognize, thus their perception and description of the lithostratigraphy of this rock unit is limited and provincial. Fassett (2009) presented a detailed discussion of the palynology of the rocks adjacent to the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) interface in the San Juan Basin, including a 67-page appendix and 25 tables listing the 244 palynomorph species identified from these strata. The Ojo Alamo Sandstone produced 103 palynomorphs from five principal localities including one especially prolific sample set from drill core through K-T strata. Without exception, all samples collected from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone for palynologic analysis were found to contain Paleocene palynomorph assemblages. Lucas et al. challenge only one Ojo Alamo palynomorph assemblage from one of the five areas studied, stating that they were unable to find palynomorph-productive samples at that locality. They submit no new palynologic data that refutes the Paleocene palynologic age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone. In addressing the paleomagnetism of the Ojo Alamo, these authors dismiss the presence of a critical normal-polarity magnetochron discovered in the lower part of the Ojo Alamo - magnetochron C29n.2n of Fassett (2009) with no evidence to justify this dismissal. This magnetochron has been identified at five localities in the basin, thus its existence seems unquestionable. At the Mesa Portales locality, this normal chron was found in Ojo Alamo strata containing Paleocene palynomorph assemblages verifying its identification as chron C29n. Other minor arguments of Lucas et al. (2009) are also addressed in this paper. In sum, Lucas et al. (2009) present no new data to contradict the data presented in Fassett (2009).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontologia Electronica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10948074","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J., 2009, Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 12, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa8de4b0c8380cd863cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, J.E.","contributorId":68758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037162,"text":"70037162 - 2009 - Freshwaters in the public eye: Understanding the role of images and media in aquatic conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037162","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwaters in the public eye: Understanding the role of images and media in aquatic conservation","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Monroe, J., Baxter, C.V., Olden, J., and Angermeier, P., 2009, Freshwaters in the public eye: Understanding the role of images and media in aquatic conservation: Fisheries, v. 34, no. 12, p. 581-585.","startPage":"581","endPage":"585","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13ece4b0c8380cd5481d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monroe, J.B.","contributorId":22607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baxter, C. V.","contributorId":62853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olden, J. D.","contributorId":12281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olden","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036282,"text":"70036282 - 2009 - Can kittiwakes smell? Experimental evidence in a larid species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T15:50:07.40578","indexId":"70036282","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can kittiwakes smell? Experimental evidence in a larid species","docAbstract":"<p>Birds have long been thought to have a poor sense of smell, although they have the proper anatomical and neurological structures for detecting olfactory cues (<span>Roper 1999</span>). However, in the past decade several bird species have been shown to use smell in various contexts, such as foraging (<span>Nevitt&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;1995</span>), navigation (<span>Wallraff 2004</span>), selection of nest materials (<span>Petit&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2002</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Gwinner &amp; Berger 2008</span>), nest location (<span>Bonadonna &amp; Bretagnolle 2002</span>), predator avoidance (<span>Amo&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2008</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Roth&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2008</span>) and recognition of conspecifics (<span>Hagelin&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2003</span>) or mates (<span>Bonadonna &amp; Nevitt 2004</span>, for reviews see<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Roper 1999</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Hagelin &amp; Jones 2007</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Nevitt 2008</span>).</p><p>The evidence, however, mainly concerns the Procellariiformes (petrels, shearwaters and albatrosses), a group that has long been suspected of using olfaction because of their strong body odour, highly developed olfactory bulb, nocturnal habits and burrow‐nesting (<span>Nevitt &amp; Bonadonna 2005</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Nevitt 2008</span>). Evidence of olfactory ability is scarce in other avian taxa. Exceptions include, for instance, Turkey Vulture<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cathartes aura</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>Smith &amp; Paselk 1986</span>), Brown Kiwi<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Apteryx australis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>Wenzel 1968</span>), Homing Pigeon<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Columba livia</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>Wallraff 2004</span>), Blue Tit<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cyanistes caeruleus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>Petit&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2002</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Amo&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2008</span>), Domestic Fowl<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Gallus domesticus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>McKeegan&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2005</span>), Kakapo<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Strigops habroptilus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>Hagelin 2004</span>), Yellow‐backed Chattering Lory<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lorius garrulus flavopalliatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>Roper 2003</span>), African Penguin<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Spheniscus demersus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>Cunningham&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2008</span>) and Crested Auklets<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Aethia cristatella</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span>Hagelin&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2003</span>).</p><p>The Laridae, including Black‐legged Kittiwakes<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i>, are diurnal, have relatively small olfactory bulbs (<span>Bang &amp; Cobb 1968</span>) and do not appear to use olfaction to locate food (<span>Frings&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;1955</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Lequette&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;1989</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Verheyden &amp; Jouventin 1994</span>). Kittiwakes use vocal cues in mate and parent/offspring recognition (<span>Wooller 1978</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Mulard &amp; Danchin 2008</span>), suggesting that olfaction may be at best secondary in those contexts. However, mates commonly allopreen, potentially exposing them to their mate’s chemical compounds. Moreover, the relative size of the olfactory bulb may be a poor predictor of olfactory abilities (<span>Hagelin 2004</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span>Mennerat&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>&nbsp;2005</span>). The aim of this experimental study was to assess whether Black‐legged Kittiwakes are able to detect odours added to the nest.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Leclaire, S., Mulard, H., Wagner, R., Hatch, S.A., and Danchin, E., 2009, Can kittiwakes smell? Experimental evidence in a larid species: Ibis, v. 151, no. 3, p. 584-587.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00935.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.41616821289062,\n              59.39442265678515\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.2451934814453,\n              59.39442265678515\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.2451934814453,\n              59.47543020423106\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.41616821289062,\n              59.47543020423106\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.41616821289062,\n              59.39442265678515\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f335e4b0c8380cd4b673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leclaire, S.","contributorId":39591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leclaire","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulard, Herve","contributorId":104602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulard","given":"Herve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, R.H.","contributorId":69276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Danchin, E.","contributorId":89635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032556,"text":"70032556 - 2009 - New permian fusulinids from conglomerate mesa, southeastern inyo Mountains, east-central california","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032556","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New permian fusulinids from conglomerate mesa, southeastern inyo Mountains, east-central california","docAbstract":"In the Conglomerate Mesa area in the southeastern Inyo Mountains, east-central California, a series of distinctive fusulinid assemblages ranging in age from late Artinskian to Kungurian or Roadian was developed in units 7-10 of the sedimentary rocks of Santa Rosa Flat (part of the Owens Valley Group). The fauna of unit 7 shows some eastern Klamath Mountains affinity, but most of the species in unit 7 and the lower half of unit 8 are highly endemic and comprise three new genera with 12 new species, two unusual unassigned forms, and two other new species assigned to previously described genera. New taxa include: Crenulosepta new genus with five new species, C. inyoensis, C. delicata, C. fusiformis, C. rossi, and C. wahlmani; Nigribaccinus new genus with three new species, N. giganteus, N. elegans, and N. ? nestelli; and the new genus Inyoschwagerina with four new species, I. magnified, I. elayeri, I. elongata, and I.? linderae. Cuniculinella Skinner and Wilde, 1965, is represented by one new species, C. parva, and Skinnerella Coogan, 1960 by one new species, S.? mcallisteri. Faunas from the upper half of unit 8, unit 9, and unit 10 have a strong West Texas affinity. New species from these units are Skinnerella davydovi, S. hexagona, Parafusulina cerrogordoensis, P. complexa, P. halli, P. owensensis, and P. ubehebensis. Copyright ?? 2009, The Paleontological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/08-021R.1","issn":"00223","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., and Stone, P., 2009, New permian fusulinids from conglomerate mesa, southeastern inyo Mountains, east-central california: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, no. 1, p. 9-29, https://doi.org/10.1666/08-021R.1.","startPage":"9","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-021R.1"},{"id":241483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65f9e4b0c8380cd72cc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, C.H.","contributorId":16102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, P.","contributorId":93632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032629,"text":"70032629 - 2009 - Characterization of the interferon genes in homozygous rainbow trout reveals two novel genes, alternate splicing and differential regulation of duplicated genes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T12:34:10","indexId":"70032629","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the interferon genes in homozygous rainbow trout reveals two novel genes, alternate splicing and differential regulation of duplicated genes","docAbstract":"The genes encoding the type I and type II interferons (IFNs) have previously been identified in rainbow trout and their proteins partially characterized. These previous studies reported a single type II IFN (rtIFN-??) and three rainbow trout type I IFN genes that are classified into either group I (rtIFN1, rtIFN2) or group II (rtIFN3). In this present study, we report the identification of a novel IFN-?? gene (rtIFN-??2) and a novel type I group II IFN (rtIFN4) in homozygous rainbow trout and predict that additional IFN genes or pseudogenes exist in the rainbow trout genome. Additionally, we provide evidence that short and long forms of rtIFN1 are actively and differentially transcribed in homozygous trout, and likely arose due to alternate splicing of the first exon. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were developed to systematically profile all of the rainbow trout IFN transcripts, with high specificity at an individual gene level, in na??ve fish and after stimulation with virus or viral-related molecules. Cloned PCR products were used to ensure the specificity of the qRT-PCR assays and as absolute standards to assess transcript abundance of each gene. All IFN genes were modulated in response to Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a DNA vaccine based on the IHNV glycoprotein, and poly I:C. The most inducible of the type I IFN genes, by all stimuli tested, were rtIFN3 and the short transcript form of rtIFN1. Gene expression of rtIFN-??1 and rtIFN-??2 was highly up-regulated by IHNV infection and DNA vaccination but rtIFN-??2 was induced to a greater magnitude. The specificity of the qRT-PCR assays reported here will be useful for future studies aimed at identifying which cells produce IFNs at early time points after infection. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.012","issn":"10504","usgsCitation":"Purcell, M.K., Laing, K., Woodson, J., Thorgaard, G., and Hansen, J., 2009, Characterization of the interferon genes in homozygous rainbow trout reveals two novel genes, alternate splicing and differential regulation of duplicated genes: Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 293-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.012.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"304","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.012"},{"id":241523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e5e4b0c8380cd4bfaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laing, K.J.","contributorId":17037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laing","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodson, J.C.","contributorId":58477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorgaard, G.H.","contributorId":76678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorgaard","given":"G.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, J.D.","contributorId":107880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032564,"text":"70032564 - 2009 - Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:37:35","indexId":"70032564","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2430,"text":"Journal of Plankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"Water quality and zooplankton samples were collected during the ice-free periods between 1988 and 2005 from 103 oligotrophic montane lakes and ponds located in low forest to alpine vegetation zones in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA. Collectively, 45 rotifer and 44 crustacean taxa were identified. Most of the numerically dominant taxa appeared to have wide niche breadths. The average number of taxa per lake decreased with elevation and generally increased as maximum lake depths increased (especially for rotifers). With one exception, fish presence/absence did not explain the taxonomic compositions of crustacean zooplankton assemblages. Many rotifer species were common members of zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds in western North America, whereas the crustacean taxa were common to some areas of the west, but not others. Constraints of the environmental variables did not appear to provide strong gradients to separate the distributions of most zooplankton species. This suggests that interspecific competitive interactions and stochastic processes regulate the taxonomic structures of the zooplankton assemblages at the landscape level. Crustacean species that had broad niche breadths were associated with different rotifer taxa across the environmental gradients. Studies of zooplankton assemblages need to address both crustacean and rotifer taxa, not one or the other.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Plankton Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbn125","issn":"01427","usgsCitation":"Larson, G., Hoffman, R., McIntire, C.D., Lienkaemper, G., and Samora, B., 2009, Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 273-285, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbn125.","startPage":"273","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbn125"},{"id":241588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd29de4b08c986b32f909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, G.L.","contributorId":103021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, R.","contributorId":10205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lienkaemper, G.","contributorId":69113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Samora, B.","contributorId":10012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032558,"text":"70032558 - 2009 - Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:23:14","indexId":"70032558","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Uranium contaminated sediments from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site have been investigated using electron microscopy. Six classes of solid hosts for uranium were identified. Preliminary sediment characterization was carried out using optical petrography, and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) was used to locate materials that host uranium. All of the hosts are fine-grained and intergrown with other materials at spatial scales smaller than the analytical volume of the electron microprobe. A focused ion beam (FIB) was used to prepare electron-transparent specimens of each host for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hosts were identified as: (1) metatorbernite [Cu(UO</span><sub>2</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>(PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>·8H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O]; (2) coatings on sediment clasts comprised mainly of phyllosilicates; (3) an amorphous zirconium (oxyhydr)oxide found in clast coatings; (4) amorphous and poorly crystalline materials that line voids within basalt lithic fragments; (5) amorphous palagonite surrounding fragments of basaltic glass; and (6) Fe- and Mn-oxides. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining EMPA, FIB, and TEM to identify solid-phase contaminant hosts. Furthermore, they highlight the complexity of U geochemistry in the Hanford vadose zone, and illustrate the importance of microscopic transport in controlling the fate of contaminant metals in the environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Stubbs, J., Veblen, L., Elbert, D., Zachara, J., Davis, J., and Veblen, D., 2009, Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 6, p. 1563-1576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1563","endPage":"1576","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004"}],"volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a662ce4b0c8380cd72d43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubbs, J.E.","contributorId":99384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbs","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veblen, L.A.","contributorId":37967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elbert, D.C.","contributorId":104293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elbert","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zachara, J.M.","contributorId":96896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veblen, D.R.","contributorId":25300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032655,"text":"70032655 - 2009 - Seasonal stability of Cladophora-associated Salmonella in Lake Michigan watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032655","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal stability of Cladophora-associated Salmonella in Lake Michigan watersheds","docAbstract":"The bacterial pathogens Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were recently found to be associated with Cladophora growing in southern Lake Michigan. Preliminary results indicated that the Salmonella strains associated with Cladophora were genetically identical to each other. However, because of the small sample size (n = 37 isolates) and a lack of information on spatial-temporal relationships, the nature of the association between Cladophora and Salmonella remained speculative. In this study, we investigated the population structure and genetic relatedness of a large number of Cladophora-borne Salmonella isolates from Lake Michigan (n = 133), as well as those isolated from stream and lake water (n = 31), aquatic plants (n = 8), and beach sands and sediments (n = 8) from adjacent watersheds. Salmonella isolates were collected during 2005-2007 between May and August from Lake Michigan beachsheds in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana. The genetic relatedness of Salmonella isolates was examined by using the horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced rep-PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprinting technique. While the Salmonella isolates associated with Cladophora exhibited a high degree of genetic relatedness (???92% similarity), the isolates were not all genetically identical. Spatial and temporal relationships were evident in the populations examined, with tight clustering of the isolates both by year and location. These findings suggest that the relationship between Salmonella and Cladophora is likely casual and is related to input sources (e.g. wastewater, runoff, birds) and the predominant Salmonella genotype surviving in the environment during a given season. Our studies indicate that Cladophora is likely an important reservoir for Salmonella and other enteric bacterial pathogens in Lake Michigan beachsheds, which in turn may influence nearshore water quality. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.012","issn":"00431","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Sawdey, R., Ishii, S., Shively, D., Ferguson, J., Whitman, R., and Sadowsky, M., 2009, Seasonal stability of Cladophora-associated Salmonella in Lake Michigan watersheds: Water Research, v. 43, no. 3, p. 806-814, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.012.","startPage":"806","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213797,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.012"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88d9e4b08c986b316bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawdey, R.","contributorId":35962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawdey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ishii, S.","contributorId":59613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferguson, J.A.","contributorId":100621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sadowsky, M.J.","contributorId":19337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032555,"text":"70032555 - 2009 - A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T14:13:42","indexId":"70032555","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Restoration of Florida’s Everglades requires scientifically supportable hydrologic targets. This study establishes a restoration baseline by developing a method to simulate hydrologic and salinity conditions prior to anthropogenic changes. The method couples paleoecologic data on long-term historic ecosystem conditions with statistical models derived from observed meteorologic and hydrologic data that provide seasonal and annual variation. Results indicate that pre-drainage freshwater levels and hydroperiods in major sloughs of the Everglades were about 0.15&nbsp;m higher and two to four times greater, respectively, on average compared to today’s values. Pre-drainage freshwater delivered to the wetlands and estuaries is estimated to be 2.5 to four times greater than the modern-day flow, and the largest deficit is during the dry season. In Florida Bay, salinity has increased between 5.3 and 20.1 with the largest differences in the areas near freshwater outflow points. These results suggest that additional freshwater flows to the Everglades are needed for restoration of the freshwater marshes of the Everglades and estuarine environment of Florida Bay, particularly near the end of the dry season.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1","issn":"15592","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F.E., Wingard, G.L., and Pitts, P.A., 2009, A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 1, p. 37-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-006005","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213821,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e596e4b0c8380cd46e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Frank E.","contributorId":88962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitts, Patrick A.","contributorId":90118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032495,"text":"70032495 - 2009 - Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032495","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data","docAbstract":"Estimating reproductive success for birds with precocial young can be difficult because chicks leave nests soon after hatching and individuals or broods can be difficult to track. Researchers often turn to estimating survival during the prefledging period and, though effective, mark-recapture based approaches are not always feasible due to cost, time, and animal welfare concerns. Using a threatened population of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) that breeds along the Missouri River, we present an approach for estimating chick survival during the prefledging period using long-term (1993-2005), count-based, age-class data. We used a modified catch-curve analysis, and data collected during three 5-day sampling periods near the middle of the breeding season. The approach has several ecological and statistical assumptions and our analyses were designed to minimize the probability of violating those assumptions. For example, limiting the sampling periods to only 5 days gave reasonable assurance that population size was stable during the sampling period. Annual daily survival estimates ranged from 0.825 (SD = 0.03) to 0.931 (0.02) depending on year and sampling period, with these estimates assuming constant survival during the prefledging period and no change in the age structure of the population. The average probability of survival to fledging ranged from 0.126 to 0.188. Our results are similar to other published estimates for this species in similar habitats. This method of estimating chick survival may be useful for a variety of precocial bird species when mark-recapture methods are not feasible and only count-based age class data are available. ?? 2009 Association of Field Ornithologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x","issn":"02738","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Millspaugh, J., Ryan, M., Kruse, C., and Pavelka, G., 2009, Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 80, no. 1, p. 79-87, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x.","startPage":"79","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213943,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x"},{"id":241619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b4ee4b0c8380cd5267b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, C.P.","contributorId":19760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, M.R.","contributorId":92198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, C.D.","contributorId":68120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavelka, G.","contributorId":24579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelka","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032717,"text":"70032717 - 2009 - Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032717","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States","docAbstract":"Measurements of post-fire sediment erosion, transport, and deposition collected within 2 years of a wildfire were compiled from the published literature (19272007) for sites across the western United States. Annual post-fire sediment yields were computed and grouped into four measurement methods (hillslope point and plot measurements, channel measurements of suspended-sediment and sediment erosion or deposition volumes). Post-fire sediment yields for each method were then grouped into eight different rainfall regimes. Mean sediment yield from channels (240 t ha-1) was significantly greater than from hillslopes (82 t ha-1). This indicated that on the time scale of wildfire (10100 years) channels were the primary sources of available sediment. A lack of correlation of sediment yield with topographic slope and soil erodibility further suggested that sediment availability may be more important than slope or soil erodibility in predicting post-fire sediment yields. The maximum post-fire sediment yields were comparable to long-term sediment yields from major rivers of the world. Based on 80 years of data from the literature, wildfires have been an important geomorphic agent of landscape change when linked with sufficient rainfall. These effects are limited in spatial scale to the immediate burned area and to downstream channel corridors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF07162","issn":"10498","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D., 2009, Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 18, no. 1, p. 96-115, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07162.","startPage":"96","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476350,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.557.549","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF07162"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba359e4b08c986b31fc85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, D.A.","contributorId":61548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032494,"text":"70032494 - 2009 - Effects of spatial heterogeneity on butterfly species richness in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032494","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spatial heterogeneity on butterfly species richness in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA","docAbstract":"We investigated butterfly responses to plot-level characteristics (plant species richness, vegetation height, and range in NDVI [normalized difference vegetation index]) and spatial heterogeneity in topography and landscape patterns (composition and configuration) at multiple spatial scales. Stratified random sampling was used to collect data on butterfly species richness from seventy-six 20 ?? 50 m plots. The plant species richness and average vegetation height data were collected from 76 modified-Whittaker plots overlaid on 76 butterfly plots. Spatial heterogeneity around sample plots was quantified by measuring topographic variables and landscape metrics at eight spatial extents (radii of 300, 600 to 2,400 m). The number of butterfly species recorded was strongly positively correlated with plant species richness, proportion of shrubland and mean patch size of shrubland. Patterns in butterfly species richness were negatively correlated with other variables including mean patch size, average vegetation height, elevation, and range in NDVI. The best predictive model selected using Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc), explained 62% of the variation in butterfly species richness at the 2,100 m spatial extent. Average vegetation height and mean patch size were among the best predictors of butterfly species richness. The models that included plot-level information and topographic variables explained relatively less variation in butterfly species richness, and were improved significantly after including landscape metrics. Our results suggest that spatial heterogeneity greatly influences patterns in butterfly species richness, and that it should be explicitly considered in conservation and management actions. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10531-008-9536-8","issn":"09603","usgsCitation":"Kumar, S., Simonson, S., and Stohlgren, T., 2009, Effects of spatial heterogeneity on butterfly species richness in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 18, no. 3, p. 739-763, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9536-8.","startPage":"739","endPage":"763","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9536-8"},{"id":241618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d5e4b0c8380cd51872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonson, S.E.","contributorId":78695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032491,"text":"70032491 - 2009 - Major- and trace-element characterization, expanded distribution, and a new chronology for the latest Pleistocene Glacier Peak tephras in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032491","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major- and trace-element characterization, expanded distribution, and a new chronology for the latest Pleistocene Glacier Peak tephras in western North America","docAbstract":"The Glacier Peak tephra beds are among the most widespread and arguably some of the most important late Pleistocene chronostratigraphic markers in western North America. These beds represent a series of closely-spaced Plinian and sub-Plinian eruptions from Glacier Peak, Washington. The two most widespread beds, Glacier Peak 'G' and 'B', are reliably distinguished by their glass major and trace element abundances. These beds are also more broadly distributed than previously considered, covering at least 550,000 and 260,000??km2, respectively. A third bed, the Irvine bed, known only from southern Alberta, is similar in its major-element composition to the Glacier Peak G bed, but it shows considerable differences in trace element concentrations. The Irvine bed is likely considerably older than the G and B tephras and probably records an additional Plinian eruption, perhaps also from Glacier Peak but from a different magma than G through B. A review of the published radiocarbon ages, new ages in this study, and consideration in a Bayesian framework suggest that the widespread G and B beds are several hundred years older than widely assumed. Our revised age is about 11,600??14C yr BP or a calibrated age (at 2 sigma) of 13,710-13,410??cal yr BP. ?? 2008 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.003","issn":"00335","usgsCitation":"Kuehn, S., Froese, D., Carrara, P., Foit, F., Pearce, N., and Rotheisler, P., 2009, Major- and trace-element characterization, expanded distribution, and a new chronology for the latest Pleistocene Glacier Peak tephras in western North America: Quaternary Research, v. 71, no. 2, p. 201-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.003.","startPage":"201","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.003"},{"id":241552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c27e4b0c8380cd69a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuehn, S.C.","contributorId":95701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehn","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froese, D.G.","contributorId":41197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froese","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrara, P. E.","contributorId":33727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foit, F.F. Jr.","contributorId":77749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foit","given":"F.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearce, N.J.G.","contributorId":75763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"N.J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rotheisler, P.","contributorId":13448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotheisler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032721,"text":"70032721 - 2009 - Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:18:08","indexId":"70032721","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>To better understand large-scale interactions between fresh and saline groundwater beneath an Atlantic coastal estuary, an offshore drilling and sampling study was performed in a large barrier-bounded lagoon, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA. Groundwater that was significantly fresher than overlying bay water was found in shallow plumes up to 8&nbsp;m thick extending more than 1700&nbsp;m offshore. Groundwater saltier than bay surface water was found locally beneath the lagoon and the barrier island, indicating recharge by saline water concentrated by evaporation prior to infiltration. Steep salinity and nutrient gradients occur within a few meters of the sediment surface in most locations studied, with buried peats and estuarine muds acting as confining units. Groundwater ages were generally more than 50&nbsp;years in both fresh and brackish waters as deep as 23&nbsp;m below the bay bottom. Water chemistry and isotopic data indicate that freshened plumes beneath the estuary are mixtures of water originally recharged on land and varying amounts of estuarine surface water that circulated through the bay floor, possibly at some distance from the sampling location. Ammonium is the dominant fixed nitrogen species in saline groundwater beneath the estuary at the locations sampled. Isotopic and dissolved-gas data from one location indicate that denitrification within the subsurface flow system removed terrestrial nitrate from fresh groundwater prior to discharge along the western side of the estuary. Similar situations, with one or more shallow semi-confined flow systems where groundwater geochemistry is strongly influenced by circulation of surface estuary water through organic-rich sediments, may be common on the Atlantic margin and elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004","issn":"03044","usgsCitation":"Bratton, J., Böhlke, J., Krantz, D., and Tobias, C., 2009, Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA: Marine Chemistry, v. 113, no. 1-2, p. 78-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476365,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2963","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1238e4b0c8380cd54210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krantz, D.E.","contributorId":9838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tobias, C.R.","contributorId":9442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70197095,"text":"70197095 - 2009 - Stochastic variation in avian survival rates: Life-history predictions, population consequences, and the potential responses to human perturbations and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-16T20:54:13","indexId":"70197095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stochastic variation in avian survival rates: Life-history predictions, population consequences, and the potential responses to human perturbations and climate change","docAbstract":"<p>Stochastic variation in survival rates is expected to decrease long-term population growth rates. This expectation influences both life-history theory and the conservation of species. From this expectation, Pfister (<span class=\"CitationRef\">1998</span>) developed the important life-history prediction that natural selection will have minimized variability in those elements of the annual life cycle (such as adult survival rate) with high sensitivity. This prediction has not been rigorously evaluated for bird populations, in part due to statistical difficulties related to variance estimation. I here overcome these difficulties, and in an analysis of 62 populations, I confirm her prediction by showing a negative relationship between the proportional sensitivity (elasticity) of adult survival and the proportional variance (CV) of adult survival. However, several species deviated significantly from this expectation, with more process variance in survival than predicted. For instance, projecting the magnitude of process variance in annual survival for American redstarts (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Setophaga ruticilla</i>) for 25 years resulted in a 44% decline in abundance without assuming any change in mean survival rate. For most of these species with high process variance, recent changes in harvest, habitats, or changes in climate patterns are the likely sources of environmental variability causing this variability in survival. Because of climate change, environmental variability is increasing on regional and global scales, which is expected to increase stochasticity in vital rates of species. Increased stochasticity in survival will depress population growth rates, and this result will magnify the conservation challenges we face.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_19","isbn":"978-0-387-78150-1","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 2009, Stochastic variation in avian survival rates: Life-history predictions, population consequences, and the potential responses to human perturbations and climate change, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, v. 3, p. 441-461, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_19.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"461","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefaa4e4b0da30c1bfca42","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735572,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735574,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032806,"text":"70032806 - 2009 - The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:58:07","indexId":"70032806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>InSAR is particularly sensitive to vertical displacements, which can be important in distinguishing between mechanisms responsible for the postseismic response to large earthquakes (afterslip, viscoelastic relaxation). We produce maps of the surface displacements resulting from the postseismic response to the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, using data from the Canadian Radarsat-1 satellite from the periods summer 2003, summer 2004 and summer 2005. A peak-to-trough signal of amplitude 4 cm in the satellite line of sight was observed between summer 2003 and summer 2004. By the period between summer 2004 and summer 2005, the displacement rate had dropped below the threshold required for observation with InSAR over a single year. The InSAR observations show that the principal postseismic relaxation process acted at a depth of ∼50 km, equivalent to the top of the mantle. However, the observations are still incapable of distinguishing between distributed (viscoelastic relaxation) and localized (afterslip) deformation. The imposed coseismic stresses are highest in the lower crust and, assuming a Maxwell rheology, a viscosity ratio of at least 5 between lower crust and upper mantle is required to explain the contrast in behaviour. The lowest misfits are produced by mixed models of viscoelastic relaxation in the mantle and shallow afterslip in the upper crust. Profiles perpendicular to the fault show significant asymmetry, which is consistent with differences in rheological structure across the fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x","issn":"09565","usgsCitation":"Biggs, J., Burgmann, R., Freymueller, J., Lu, Z., Parsons, B., Ryder, I., Schmalzle, G., and Wright, T., 2009, The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005: Geophysical Journal International, v. 176, no. 2, p. 353-367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487686,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.03932.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x"}],"volume":"176","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baea7e4b08c986b32424f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, J.","contributorId":59241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, J.T.","contributorId":51482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parsons, B.","contributorId":54017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryder, I.","contributorId":11422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmalzle, G.","contributorId":44364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmalzle","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wright, Tim","contributorId":35942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032808,"text":"70032808 - 2009 - Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Multispectral satellite data have become a common tool used in the mapping of wildland fire effects. Fire severity, defined as the degree to which a site has been altered, is often the variable mapped. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) used in an absolute difference change detection protocol (dNBR), has become the remote sensing method of choice for US Federal land management agencies to map fire severity due to wildland fire. However, absolute differenced vegetation indices are correlated to the pre-fire chlorophyll content of the vegetation occurring within the fire perimeter. Normalizing dNBR to produce a relativized dNBR (RdNBR) removes the biasing effect of the pre-fire condition. Employing RdNBR hypothetically allows creating categorical classifications using the same thresholds for fires occurring in similar vegetation types without acquiring additional calibration field data on each fire. In this paper we tested this hypothesis by developing thresholds on random training datasets, and then comparing accuracies for (1) fires that occurred within the same geographic region as the training dataset and in similar vegetation, and (2) fires from a different geographic region that is climatically and floristically similar to the training dataset region but supports more complex vegetation structure. We additionally compared map accuracies for three measures of fire severity: the composite burn index (CBI), percent change in tree canopy cover, and percent change in tree basal area. User's and producer's accuracies were highest for the most severe categories, ranging from 70.7% to 89.1%. Accuracies of the moderate fire severity category for measures describing effects only to trees (percent change in canopy cover and basal area) indicated that the classifications were generally not much better than random. Accuracies of the moderate category for the CBI classifications were somewhat better, averaging in the 50%-60% range. These results underscore the difficulty in isolating fire effects to individual vegetation strata when fire effects are mixed. We conclude that the models presented here and in Miller and Thode ([Miller, J.D. & Thode, A.E., (2007). Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Remote Sensing of Environment, 109, 66-80.]) can produce fire severity classifications (using either CBI, or percent change in canopy cover or basal area) that are of similar accuracy in fires not used in the original calibration process, at least in conifer dominated vegetation types in Mediterranean-climate California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Knapp, E.E., Key, C., Skinner, C., Isbell, C., Creasy, R., and Sherlock, J., 2009, Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 3, p. 645-656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009.","startPage":"645","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009"},{"id":241669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30fe4b0c8380cd4b59e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, E. E.","contributorId":54938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, C.N.","contributorId":19909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isbell, C.J.","contributorId":19381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isbell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creasy, R.M.","contributorId":33543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasy","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherlock, J.W.","contributorId":87766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherlock","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70161736,"text":"70161736 - 2009 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T09:57:57","indexId":"70161736","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5651,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) has conducted lake-wide surveys of the fish community in Lake Michigan each fall since 1973 using standard 12-m bottom trawls towed along contour at depths of 9 to 110 m at each of seven index transects. The resulting data on relative abundance, size structure, and condition of individual fishes are used to estimate various population parameters that are in turn used by state and tribal agencies in managing Lake Michigan fish stocks. All seven established index transects of the survey were completed in 2008. The survey provides relative abundance and biomass estimates between the 5-m and 114-m depth contours of the lake (herein, lake-wide) for prey fish populations, as well as burbot, yellow perch, and the introduced dreissenid mussels. Lake-wide biomass of alewives in 2008 was estimated at 8.27 kilotonnes (kt) (1 kt = 1000 metric tons), which was the smallest biomass estimate in the entire time series and 29% lower than the 2007 estimate. Lake-wide biomass of bloater in 2008 was estimated at 3.33 kt, which was the lowest estimate since 1977 and 38% lower than the 2007 estimate. Rainbow smelt lake-wide biomass equaled 0.89 kt, which was only 0.01 kt higher than 2007, which is the lowest estimate in the time series. Deepwater sculpin lake-wide biomass equaled 5.23 kt, which is the fourth straight year of declining biomass. The 2008 estimate is the second smallest in the time series, and 39% lower than the 2007 estimate. Slimy sculpin lake-wide biomass remained relatively high in 2008 (2.75 kt), increasing 25% over 2007. Ninespine stickleback lake-wide biomass equaled only 0.50 kt in 2008, which was 79% lower than the 2007 estimate. The final prey fish, exotic round goby, increased two orders of magnitude between 2007 and 2008, from 0.02 to 4.65 kt. Round gobies now represent 18% of the prey fish biomass. Burbot lake-wide biomass (0.91 kt in 2008) has remained fairly constant since 2002. Numeric density of age-0 yellow perch (i.e., < 100 mm) equaled 0.7 fish per ha, which is indicative of a relatively poor year-class. Lake-wide biomass of dreissenid mussels dropped precipitously in 2008, down to 9.47 kt, and a 96% decline from the 2007 biomass estimate. Overall, the total lake-wide prey fish biomass estimate (sum of alewife, bloater, rainbow smelt, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin, round goby, and ninespine stickleback) in 2008 was 25.62 kt, which was the lowest observed since the survey began in 1973.","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Michigan Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C.P., Holuszko, J.D., Desorcie, T.J., and Adams, J.V., 2009, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012350","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313817,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/1692671905"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fdbd1be4b0074928294491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holuszko, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":104429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holuszko","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668 tdesorcie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":3672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"tdesorcie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032841,"text":"70032841 - 2009 - Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:50:29","indexId":"70032841","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","docAbstract":"<p>1. We investigated diurnal nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) concentration variability in the San Joaquin River using an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>optical NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sensor and discrete sampling during a 5‐day summer period characterized by high algal productivity. Dual NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>) and dissolved oxygen isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>DO</sub>) were measured over 2 days to assess NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sources and biogeochemical controls over diurnal time‐scales.</p><p>2. Concerted temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>DO</sub>were consistent with photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>exchange, providing evidence of diurnal biological processes independent of river discharge.</p><p>3. Surface water NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations varied by up to 22% over a single diurnal cycle and up to 31% over the 5‐day study, but did not reveal concerted diurnal patterns at a frequency comparable to DO concentrations. The decoupling of δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>isotopes suggests that algal assimilation and denitrification are not major processes controlling diurnal NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>variability in the San Joaquin River during the study. The lack of a clear explanation for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>variability likely reflects a combination of riverine biological processes and time‐varying physical transport of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from upstream agricultural drains to the mainstem San Joaquin River.</p><p>4. The application of an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>optical NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sensor along with discrete samples provides a view into the fine temporal structure of hydrochemical data and may allow for greater accuracy in pollution assessment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x","issn":"00465","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B.A., Downing, B.D., Kendall, C., Dahlgren, R., Kraus, T.E., Saraceno, J., Spencer, R., and Bergamaschi, B., 2009, Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 376-387, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf0e4b0c8380cd49b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":1452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032842,"text":"70032842 - 2009 - Rapid detection of Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032842","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2169,"text":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid detection of Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique","docAbstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to examine a rapid method for detecting Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water. Methods and Results: Water samples were assayed for E. coli and enterococci by traditional and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (IMS/ATP) methods. Three sample treatments were evaluated for the IMS/ATP method: double filtration, single filtration, and direct analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis showed strong, significant, linear relations between IMS/ATP and traditional methods for all sample treatments; strongest linear correlations were with the direct analysis (r = 0.62 and 0.77 for E. coli and enterococci, respectively). Additionally, simple linear regression was used to estimate bacteria concentrations as a function of IMS/ATP results. The correct classification of water-quality criteria was 67% for E. coli and 80% for enterococci. Conclusions: The IMS/ATP method is a viable alternative to traditional methods for faecal-indicator bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: The IMS/ATP method addresses critical public health needs for the rapid detection of faecal-indicator contamination and has potential for satisfying US legislative mandates requiring methods to detect bathing water contamination in 2 h or less. Moreover, IMS/ATP equipment is considerably less costly and more portable than that for molecular methods, making the method suitable for field applications. ?? 2009 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04011.x","issn":"13645","usgsCitation":"Bushon, R., Brady, A., Likirdopulos, C., and Cireddu, J., 2009, Rapid detection of Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique: Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 106, no. 2, p. 432-441, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04011.x.","startPage":"432","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213960,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04011.x"},{"id":241637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94cde4b0c8380cd81614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bushon, R.N.","contributorId":68086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, A.M.","contributorId":13819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Likirdopulos, C.A.","contributorId":6265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likirdopulos","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cireddu, J.V.","contributorId":55653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cireddu","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032847,"text":"70032847 - 2009 - Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032847","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 ??g/l, the United States maximum contaminant level and the World Health Organization guideline value, are frequently reported in groundwater from bedrock and unconsolidated aquifers of southeastern Michigan. Although arsenic-bearing minerals (including arsenian pyrite and oxide/hydroxide phases) have been identified in Marshall Sandstone bedrock of the Mississippian aquifer system and in tills of the unconsolidated aquifer system, mechanisms responsible for arsenic mobilization and subsequent transport in groundwater are equivocal. Recent evidence has begun to suggest that groundwater recharge and characteristics of well construction may affect arsenic mobilization and transport. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between dissolved arsenic concentrations, reported groundwater recharge rates, well construction characteristics, and geology in unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers. Results of multiple linear regression analyses indicate that arsenic contamination is more prevalent in bedrock wells that are cased in proximity to the bedrock-unconsolidated interface; no other factors were associated with arsenic contamination in water drawn from bedrock or unconsolidated aquifers. Conditions appropriate for arsenic mobilization may be found along the bedrock-unconsolidated interface, including changes in reduction/oxidation potential and enhanced biogeochemical activity because of differences between geologic strata. These results are valuable for understanding arsenic mobilization and guiding well construction practices in southeastern Michigan, and may also provide insights for other regions faced with groundwater arsenic contamination. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x","issn":"02694","usgsCitation":"Meliker, J., Slotnick, M., Avruskin, G., Haack, S., and Nriagu, J.O., 2009, Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x.","startPage":"147","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x"},{"id":241708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3ee4b0c8380cd62361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meliker, J.R.","contributorId":56456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meliker","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotnick, M.J.","contributorId":38373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotnick","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avruskin, G.A.","contributorId":30463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avruskin","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nriagu, J. O.","contributorId":46316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nriagu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032851,"text":"70032851 - 2009 - Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70032851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle","docAbstract":"The critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) is considered to be one of the rarest birds of prey globally and at significant risk of extinction. In the most recent census, only 222 adult individuals were recorded with an estimated total breeding population of no more than 100-120 pairs. Here, levels of Madagascar fish-eagle population genetic diversity based on 47 microsatellite loci were compared with its sister species, the African fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), and 16 of these loci were also characterized in the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Overall, extremely low genetic diversity was observed in the Madagascar fish-eagle compared to other surveyed Haliaeetus species. Determining whether this low diversity is the result of a recent bottleneck or a more historic event has important implications for their conservation. Using a Bayesian coalescent-based method, we show that Madagascar fish-eagles have maintained a small effective population size for hundreds to thousands of years and that its low level of neutral genetic diversity is not the result of a recent bottleneck. Therefore, efforts made to prevent Madagascar fish-eagle extinction should place high priority on maintenance of habitat requirements and reducing direct and indirect human persecution. Given the current rate of deforestation in Madagascar, we further recommend that the population be expanded to occupy a larger geographical distribution. This will help the population persist when exposed to stochastic factors (e.g. climate and disease) that may threaten a species consisting of only 200 adult individuals while inhabiting a rapidly changing landscape. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x","issn":"09621","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.A., Tingay, R., Culver, M., Hailer, F., Clarke, M., and Mindell, D., 2009, Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle: Molecular Ecology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 54-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x.","startPage":"54","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214090,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49a9e4b0c8380cd687bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. A.","contributorId":88375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tingay, R.E.","contributorId":21765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingay","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culver, M.","contributorId":92462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hailer, F.","contributorId":49184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hailer","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clarke, M.L.","contributorId":101086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mindell, D.P.","contributorId":67187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mindell","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}