{"pageNumber":"2066","pageRowStart":"51625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70190417,"text":"70190417 - 2009 - Acquiring marine data in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-04T13:30:10.249528","indexId":"70190417","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acquiring marine data in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>This article describes the logistical challenges and initial data sets from geophysical seismic reflection, seismic refraction, and hydrographic surveys in the Canada Basin conducted by scientists with U.S. and Canadian government agencies (Figure 1a) to fulfill the requirements of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to determine sediment thickness, geological origin, and basin evolution in this unexplored part of the world. Some of these data were collected using a single ship, but the heaviest ice conditions necessitated using two icebreakers, similar to other recent Arctic surveys [e.g., Jokat, 2003].</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/eost2009EO23","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D., Jackson, H., Shimeld, J., Chapman, C., Childs, J.R., Funck, T., and Rowland, R., 2009, Acquiring marine data in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 90, no. 23, p. 197-198, https://doi.org/10.1029/eost2009EO23.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"198","ipdsId":"IP-010812","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488597,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/eost2009eo23","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean, Canada Basin","volume":"90","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a7ced6e4b0fd9b77d092d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":174836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, H.R.","contributorId":196040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36265,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada Atlantic, 1 Challenger Dr. Box 1006 Dartmouth, N.S., B2Y 4A2","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shimeld, J.W.","contributorId":196041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimeld","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[{"id":36265,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada Atlantic, 1 Challenger Dr. Box 1006 Dartmouth, N.S., B2Y 4A2","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, C.B.","contributorId":196038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Funck, T.","contributorId":196039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funck","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowland, R.W.","contributorId":36153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70190489,"text":"70190489 - 2009 - Lessons and insights from evolution, taxonomy, and conservation genetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T14:57:02","indexId":"70190489","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lessons and insights from evolution, taxonomy, and conservation genetics","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cougar: Ecology and conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","isbn":"9780226353470","usgsCitation":"Culver, M., 2009, Lessons and insights from evolution, taxonomy, and conservation genetics, chap. <i>of</i> Cougar: Ecology and conservation, p. 27-42.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-069926","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo6978285.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb7a1e4b0e9bde135114f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70190419,"text":"70190419 - 2009 - Understanding differences between DELFT3D and empirical predictions of alongshore sediment transport gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T14:43:26","indexId":"70190419","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Understanding differences between DELFT3D and empirical predictions of alongshore sediment transport gradients","docAbstract":"Predictions of alongshore transport gradients are critical for forecasting shoreline change. At \nthe previous ICCE conference, it was demonstrated that alongshore transport gradients \npredicted by the empirical CERC equation can differ substantially from predictions made by \nthe hydrodynamics-based model Delft3D in the case of a simulated borrow pit on the \nshoreface. Here we use the Delft3D momentum balance to examine the reason for this \ndifference. Alongshore advective flow accelerations in our Delft3D simulation are mainly \ndriven by pressure gradients resulting from alongshore variations in wave height and setup, \nand Delft3D transport gradients are controlled by these flow accelerations. The CERC \nequation does not take this process into account, and for this reason a second empirical \ntransport term is sometimes added when alongshore gradients in wave height are thought to be \nsignificant. However, our test case indicates that this second term does not properly predict \nalongshore transport gradients.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference, Coastal Engineering 2008","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789814277426_0154","usgsCitation":"List, J.H., Benedet, L., Hanes, D.M., and Ruggiero, P., 2009, Understanding differences between DELFT3D and empirical predictions of alongshore sediment transport gradients, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 31st International Conference, Coastal Engineering 2008, p. 1864-1875, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814277426_0154.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1864","endPage":"1875","ipdsId":"IP-010807","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a7ced6e4b0fd9b77d092cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. 0000-0001-8594-2491 jlist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-2491","contributorId":174581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedet, Lindino","contributorId":196042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benedet","given":"Lindino","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034944,"text":"70034944 - 2009 - International importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea as a staging area for migrating king eiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034944","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"International importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea as a staging area for migrating king eiders","docAbstract":"The evaluation of habitats used by arctic birds on migration is crucial for their conservation. We explored the importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea (ECS) as a staging area for king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) migrating between breeding areas in Siberia and western North America and wintering areas in the Bering Sea. We tracked 190 king eiders with satellite transmitters between 1997 and 2007. In late summer, 74% of satellite-tracked king eiders migrating south staged in the ECS for 13 ?? 13 (SD) days between late June and early November. During spring migration, king eiders staged in the ECS between mid-April and early June for 21 ?? 10 days. All instrumented birds migrating to breeding grounds in western North America (n = 62), and 6 of 11 males migrating to breeding grounds in Siberia, used this area for at least 1 week during spring migration. The importance of this staging area renders it possible that industrial development could adversely affect king eider populations in both Siberia and North America. ?? 2009 US Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00300-008-0580-3","issn":"07224060","usgsCitation":"Oppel, S., Dickson, D.L., and Powell, A., 2009, International importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea as a staging area for migrating king eiders: Polar Biology, v. 32, no. 5, p. 775-783, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0580-3.","startPage":"775","endPage":"783","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0580-3"},{"id":243465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d3de4b0c8380cd633f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oppel, S.","contributorId":44001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppel","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickson, D. Lynne.","contributorId":26121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynne.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035164,"text":"70035164 - 2009 - Diets of three species of anurans from the cache creek watershed, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035164","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of three species of anurans from the cache creek watershed, California, USA","docAbstract":"We evaluated the diets of three sympatric anuran species, the native Northern Pacific Treefrog, Pseudacris regilla, and Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog, Rana boylii, and the introduced American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, based on stomach contents of frogs collected at 36 sites in 1997 and 1998. This investigation was part of a study of mercury bioaccumulation in the biota of the Cache Creek Watershed in north-central California, an area affected by mercury contamination from natural sources and abandoned mercury mines. We collected R. boylii at 22 sites, L. catesbeianus at 21 sites, and P. regilla at 13 sites. We collected both L. catesbeianus and R. boylii at nine sites and all three species at five sites. Pseudacris regilla had the least aquatic diet (100% of the samples had terrestrial prey vs. 5% with aquatic prey), followed by R. boylii (98% terrestrial, 28% aquatic), and L. catesbeianus, which had similar percentages of terrestrial (81%) and aquatic prey (74%). Observed predation by L. catesbeianus on R. boylii may indicate that interaction between these two species is significant. Based on their widespread abundance and their preference for aquatic foods, we suggest that, where present, L. catesbeianus should be the species of choice for all lethal biomonitoring of mercury in amphibians. Copyright ?? 2009 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/06-207R1.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Meckstroth, A., Wegner, K., Jennings, M., and Crayon, J., 2009, Diets of three species of anurans from the cache creek watershed, California, USA: Journal of Herpetology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 275-283, https://doi.org/10.1670/06-207R1.1.","startPage":"275","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215151,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/06-207R1.1"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e8e4b0c8380cd4f9b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meckstroth, A.M.","contributorId":50464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckstroth","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegner, K.E.","contributorId":97726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegner","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crayon, J.J.","contributorId":91810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crayon","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035170,"text":"70035170 - 2009 - Response of Halimeda to ocean acidification: Field and laboratory evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T15:10:56.535215","indexId":"70035170","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of Halimeda to ocean acidification: Field and laboratory evidence","docAbstract":"Rising atmospheric pCO<sub>2</sub> levels are changing ocean chemistry more dramatically now than in the last 20 million years. In fact, pHvalues of the open ocean have decreased by 0.1 since the 1800s and are predicted to decrease 0.1-0.4 globally in the next 90 years. Ocean acidification will affect fundamental geochemical and biological processes including calcification and carbonate sediment production. The west Florida shelf is a natural laboratory to examine the effects of ocean acidification on aragonite production by calcareous green algae. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of crystal morphology of calcifying organisms reveals ultrastructural details of calcification that occurred at different saturation states. Comparison of archived and recent specimens of calcareous green alga Halimeda spp. from the west Florida shelf, demonstrates crystal changes in shape and abundance over a 40+ year time span. Halimeda crystal data from apical sections indicate that increases in crystal concentration and decreases in crystal width occurred over the last 40+ years. Laboratory experiments using living specimens of Halimeda grown in environments with known pH values were used to constrain historical observations. Percentages of organic and inorganic carbon per sample weight of pooled species did not significantly change. However, individual species showed decreased inorganic carbon and increased organic carbon in more recent samples, although the sample sizes were limited. These results indicate that the effect of increased pCO <sub>2</sub> and decreased pH on calcification is reflected in the crystal morphology of this organism. More data are needed to confirm the observed changes in mass of crystal and organic carbon. ?? Author(s) 2009.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bgd-6-4895-2009","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., and Hallock, P., 2009, Response of Halimeda to ocean acidification: Field and laboratory evidence: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 6, no. 3, p. 4895-4918, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-4895-2009.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"4895","endPage":"4918","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-4895-2009","text":"External Repository"},{"id":423273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa18e4b0c8380cd8613c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, L. L.","contributorId":71156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, P. O.","contributorId":103485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallock, P.","contributorId":91263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034804,"text":"70034804 - 2009 - Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034804","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton","docAbstract":"Atmospheric aerosol deposition is an important source of nutrients and trace metals to the open ocean that can enhance ocean productivity and carbon sequestration and thus influence atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate. Using aerosol samples from different back trajectories in incubation experiments with natural communities, we demonstrate that the response of phytoplankton growth to aerosol additions depends on specific components in aerosols and differs across phytoplankton species. Aerosol additions enhanced growth by releasing nitrogen and phosphorus, but not all aerosols stimulated growth. Toxic effects were observed with some aerosols, where the toxicity affected picoeukaryotes and Synechococcus but not Prochlorococcus.We suggest that the toxicity could be due to high copper concentrations in these aerosols and support this by laboratory copper toxicity tests preformed with Synechococcus cultures. However, it is possible that other elements present in the aerosols or unknown synergistic effects between these elements could have also contributed to the toxic effect. Anthropogenic emissions are increasing atmospheric copper deposition sharply, and based on coupled atmosphere-ocean calculations, we show that this deposition can potentially alter patterns of marine primary production and community structure in high aerosol, low chlorophyll areas, particularly in the Bay of Bengal and downwind of South and East Asia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0811486106","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Paytan, A., Mackey, K., Chen, Y., Lima, I., Doney, S., Mahowald, N., Labiosa, R., and Post, A., 2009, Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. 12, p. 4601-4605, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811486106.","startPage":"4601","endPage":"4605","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476125,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2653564","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811486106"},{"id":243675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5f6e4b08c986b3269b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mackey, K.R.M.","contributorId":25009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackey","given":"K.R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lima, I.D.","contributorId":87778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lima","given":"I.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doney, S.C.","contributorId":80110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doney","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahowald, N.","contributorId":56878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahowald","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Labiosa, R.","contributorId":33138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Post, A.F.","contributorId":104729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034372,"text":"70034372 - 2009 - Scaling the effects of moose browsing on forage distribution, from the geometry of plant canopies to landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70034372","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling the effects of moose browsing on forage distribution, from the geometry of plant canopies to landscapes","docAbstract":"Landscape heterogeneity influences large herbivores by altering their feeding rates, but as herbivores attempt to maximize feeding rates they also create spatial heterogeneity by altering plant growth. Herbivore feeding rates thus provide a quantitative link between the causes and consequences of spatial heterogeneity in herbivore-dominated ecosystems. The fractal geometry of plant canopies determines both the density and mass of twigs available to foraging herbivores. These properties determine a threshold distance between plants (d<sup>*</sup>) that distinguishes the mechanisms regulating herbivore intake rates. When d<sup>*</sup> is greater than the actual distance between plants (d), intake is regulated by the rate of food processing in the mouth. But when d<sup>*</sup> &lt; d, intake is regulated by the rate at which the herbivore encounters new plants. Alterations to plant geometry due to past browsing could change the rate at which herbivores encounter and process bites of plant tissue, modify d<sup>*</sup> relative to d, and thus change intake rates and the distribution of mechanisms regulating it across landscapes. We measured changes in the geometry of aspen (Populus tremuloides) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) saplings along gradients of moose browsing from 2001 to 2005 at Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USA. For aspen saplings, fractal dimension of bite density, bite mass, and forage biomass responded quadratically to increasing moose browsing and were greatest at -3-4 g-g.m-2.yr\"<sup>1</sup> consumption. For balsam fir, in contrast, these same measures declined steadily with increasing moose browsing. The different responses of plant canopies to increased browsing altered d<sup>*</sup> around plants. In summer, d<sup>*</sup> &gt; d for aspen saplings at all prior consumption levels. Food processing therefore regulated summer moose feeding rates across our landscapes. In winter, changes in bite mass due to past browsing were sufficient to cause d<sup>*</sup> &lt; d for aspen and balsam fir. Therefore, travel velocity and food processing jointly regulated intake rate during winter. Browsing-induced changes in the small-scale geometry of plant canopies can determine intake rate at larger spatial scales by changing d<sup>*</sup> relative to d and, hence, which mechanisms determine intake rate, essentially altering how herbivores sense the distribution of their food resources. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0149.1","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N., Pastor, J., and Hodgson, A., 2009, Scaling the effects of moose browsing on forage distribution, from the geometry of plant canopies to landscapes: Ecological Monographs, v. 79, no. 2, p. 281-297, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0149.1.","startPage":"281","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0149.1"},{"id":244468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871be4b08c986b3162ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, N. R.","contributorId":72610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"N. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pastor, J.","contributorId":25784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastor","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgson, A.L.","contributorId":6286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034796,"text":"70034796 - 2009 - Is there a shortage of fisheries stock assessment scientists?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T10:32:01","indexId":"70034796","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is there a shortage of fisheries stock assessment scientists?","docAbstract":"<p>[No abstract available]</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446-34.5.217","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Berkson, J., Hunt, K., Whitehead, J., Murie, D., Kwak, T., and Boreman, J., 2009, Is there a shortage of fisheries stock assessment scientists?: Fisheries, v. 34, no. 5, p. 217-219, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-34.5.217.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"219","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05ade4b0c8380cd50ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkson, J.","contributorId":96502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, K.M.","contributorId":34724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitehead, J.C.","contributorId":98562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murie, D.J.","contributorId":89741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murie","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boreman, J.","contributorId":55372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boreman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034949,"text":"70034949 - 2009 - Toward immunogenetic studies of amphibian chytridiomycosis: Linking innate and acquired immunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:36:30","indexId":"70034949","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward immunogenetic studies of amphibian chytridiomycosis: Linking innate and acquired immunity","docAbstract":"Recent declines in amphibian diversity and abundance have contributed significantly to the global loss of biodiversity. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis is widely considered to be a primary cause of these declines, yet the critical question of why amphibian species differ in susceptibility remains unanswered. Considerable evidence links environmental conditions and interspecific variability of the innate immune system to differential infection responses, but other sources of individual, population, or species-typical variation may also be important. In this article we review the preliminary evidence supporting a role for acquired immune defenses against chytridiomycosis, and advocate for targeted investigation of genes controlling acquired responses, as well as those that functionally bridge the innate and acquired immune systems. Immunogenetic data promise to answer key questions about chytridiomycosis susceptibility and host-pathogen coevolution, and will draw much needed attention to the importance of considering evolutionary processes in amphibian conservation management and practice. ?? 2009 by American Institute of Biological Sciences.","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1525/bio.2009.59.4.9","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Richmond, J., Savage, A., Zamudio, K.R., and Rosenblum, E., 2009, Toward immunogenetic studies of amphibian chytridiomycosis: Linking innate and acquired immunity: BioScience, v. 59, no. 4, p. 311-320, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.4.9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215708,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.4.9"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b8e4b08c986b326858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, J.Q.","contributorId":17080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"J.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, Anna E.","contributorId":101926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"Anna E.","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12564,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Central Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zamudio, Kelly R.","contributorId":8320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamudio","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenblum, E.B.","contributorId":18638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenblum","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034324,"text":"70034324 - 2009 - Estimating nitrogen loading to ground water and assessing vulnerability to nitrate contamination in a large karstic springs Basin, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034324","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating nitrogen loading to ground water and assessing vulnerability to nitrate contamination in a large karstic springs Basin, Florida","docAbstract":"A nitrogen (N) mass-balance budget was developed to assess the sources of N affecting increasing ground-water nitrate concentrations in the 960-km 2 karstic Ichetucknee Springs basin. This budget included direct measurements of N species in rainfall, ground water, and spring waters, along with estimates of N loading from fertilizers, septic tanks, animal wastes, and the land application of treated municipal wastewater and residual solids. Based on a range of N leaching estimates, N loads to ground water ranged from 262,000 to 1.3 million kg/year; and were similar to N export from the basin in spring waters (266,000 kg/year) when 80-90% N losses were assumed. Fertilizers applied to cropland, lawns, and pine stands contributed about 51% of the estimated total annual N load to ground water in the basin. Other sources contributed the following percentages of total N load to ground water: animal wastes, 27%; septic tanks, 12%; atmospheric deposition, 8%; and the land application of treated wastewater and biosolids, 2%. Due to below normal rainfall (97.3 cm) during the 12-month rainfall collection period, N inputs from rainfall likely were about 30% lower than estimates for normal annual rainfall (136 cm). Low N-isotope values for six spring waters (??15N-NO3 = 3.3 to 6.3???) and elevated potassium concentrations in ground water and spring waters were consistent with the large N contribution from fertilizers. Given ground-water residence times on the order of decades for spring waters, possible sinks for excess N inputs to the basin include N storage in the unsaturated zone and parts of the aquifer with relatively sluggish ground-water movement and denitrification. A geographical-based model of spatial loading from fertilizers indicated that areas most vulnerable to nitrate contamination were located in closed depressions containing sinkholes and other dissolution features in the southern half of the basin. ?? 2009 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00309.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Sepulveda, A., and Verdi, R., 2009, Estimating nitrogen loading to ground water and assessing vulnerability to nitrate contamination in a large karstic springs Basin, Florida: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 3, p. 607-627, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00309.x.","startPage":"607","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216794,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00309.x"},{"id":244686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b32e4b0c8380cd525fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, A.A.","contributorId":27912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdi, R.J.","contributorId":33144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdi","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034856,"text":"70034856 - 2009 - Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T15:27:28","indexId":"70034856","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts","docAbstract":"We conducted field studies to determine the levels of acid and aluminum (Al) that affect survival, smolt development, ion homeostasis, and stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in restoration streams of the Connecticut River in southern Vermont, USA. Fish were held in cages in five streams encompassing a wide range of acid and Al levels for two 6-day intervals during the peak of smolt development in late April and early May. Physiological parameters were unchanged from initial sampling at the hatchery and the high water quality reference site (pH &gt; 7.0, inorganic Al &lt; 12 μg·L<sup>-1</sup>). Mortality, substantial loss of plasma chloride, and gill Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity, and elevated gill Al occurred at sites with the lowest pH (5.4-5.6) and highest inorganic Al (50-80 μg·L<sup>-1</sup>). Moderate loss of plasma chloride, increased plasma cortisol and glucose, and moderately elevated gill Al occurred at less severely impacted sites. Gill Al was a better predictor of integrated physiological impacts than water chemistry alone. The results indicate that Al and low pH under field conditions in some New England streams can cause mortality and impair smolt development in juvenile Atlantic salmon and provide direct evidence that episodic acidification is impacting conservation and recovery of Atlantic salmon in the northeastern USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/F09-002","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., Keyes, A., Nislow, K., and Monette, M., 2009, Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 3, p. 394-403, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"403","costCenters":[{"id":197,"text":"Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215733,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-002"},{"id":243556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e9e4b0c8380cd61726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keyes, A.","contributorId":92510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keyes","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nislow, K.H.","contributorId":66477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monette, M.Y.","contributorId":77646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monette","given":"M.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035068,"text":"70035068 - 2009 - HRSC: High resolution stereo camera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035068","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"HRSC: High resolution stereo camera","docAbstract":"The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express has delivered a wealth of image data, amounting to over 2.5 TB from the start of the mapping phase in January 2004 to September 2008. In that time, more than a third of Mars was covered at a resolution of 10-20 m/pixel in stereo and colour. After five years in orbit, HRSC is still in excellent shape, and it could continue to operate for many more years. HRSC has proven its ability to close the gap between the low-resolution Viking image data and the high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera images, leading to a global picture of the geological evolution of Mars that is now much clearer than ever before. Derived highest-resolution terrain model data have closed major gaps and provided an unprecedented insight into the shape of the surface, which is paramount not only for surface analysis and geological interpretation, but also for combination with and analysis of data from other instruments, as well as in planning for future missions. This chapter presents the scientific output from data analysis and highlevel data processing, complemented by a summary of how the experiment is conducted by the HRSC team members working in geoscience, atmospheric science, photogrammetry and spectrophotometry. Many of these contributions have been or will be published in peer-reviewed journals and special issues. They form a cross-section of the scientific output, either by summarising the new geoscientific picture of Mars provided by HRSC or by detailing some of the topics of data analysis concerning photogrammetry, cartography and spectral data analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","language":"English","issn":"03796566","isbn":"9292219758; 9789292219758","usgsCitation":"Neukum, G., Jaumann, R., Basilevsky, A., Dumke, A., Van Gasselt, S., Giese, B., Hauber, E., Head, J.W., Heipke, C., Hoekzema, N., Hoffmann, H., Greeley, R., Gwinner, K., Kirk, R., Markiewicz, W., McCord, T.B., Michael, G., Muller, J., Murray, J., Oberst, J., Pinet, P., Pischel, R., Roatsch, T., Scholten, F., and Willner, K., 2009, HRSC: High resolution stereo camera, <i>in</i> European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, v. SP, no. 1291, p. 15-74.","startPage":"15","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"SP","issue":"1291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e86e4b0c8380cd5c610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Basilevsky, A.T.","contributorId":34208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basilevsky","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dumke, A.","contributorId":79720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumke","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Gasselt, S.","contributorId":58855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gasselt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giese, B.","contributorId":12220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giese","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauber, E.","contributorId":81659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauber","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Head, J. W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heipke, C.","contributorId":46298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heipke","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hoekzema, N.","contributorId":61663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoekzema","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hoffmann, H.","contributorId":51464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gwinner, K.","contributorId":83737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gwinner","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kirk, R.","contributorId":66829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Markiewicz, W.","contributorId":7931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiewicz","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Michael, G.","contributorId":44000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Muller, Jan-Peter","contributorId":26882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Jan-Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Murray, J.B.","contributorId":58858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Pinet, P.","contributorId":18193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinet","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Pischel, R.","contributorId":90127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pischel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Roatsch, T.","contributorId":18933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roatsch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Scholten, F.","contributorId":100175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholten","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Willner, K.","contributorId":43587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willner","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}}
,{"id":70035069,"text":"70035069 - 2009 - Nonexplosive and explosive magma/wet-sediment interaction during emplacement of Eocene intrusions into Cretaceous to Eocene strata, Trans-Pecos igneous province, West Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonexplosive and explosive magma/wet-sediment interaction during emplacement of Eocene intrusions into Cretaceous to Eocene strata, Trans-Pecos igneous province, West Texas","docAbstract":"Eocene intrusion of alkaline basaltic to trachyandesitic magmas into unlithified, Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to Eocene fluvial strata in part of the Trans-Pecos igneous province in West Texas produced an array of features recording both nonexplosive and explosive magma/wet-sediment interaction. Intrusive complexes with <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dates of ~ 47-46??Ma consist of coherent basalt, peperite, and disrupted sediment. Two of the complexes cutting Cretaceous strata contain masses of conglomerate derived from Eocene fluvial deposits that, at the onset of intrusive activity, would have been &gt; 400-500??m above the present level of exposure. These intrusive complexes are inferred to be remnants of diatremes that fed maar volcanoes during an early stage of magmatism in this part of the Trans-Pecos province. Disrupted Cretaceous strata along diatreme margins record collapse of conduit walls during and after subsurface phreatomagmatic explosions. Eocene conglomerate slumped downward from higher levels during vent excavation. Coherent to pillowed basaltic intrusions emplaced at the close of explosive activity formed peperite within the conglomerate, within disrupted Cretaceous strata in the conduit walls, and within inferred remnants of the phreatomagmatic slurry that filled the vents during explosive volcanism. A younger series of intrusions with <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dates of ~ 42??Ma underwent nonexplosive interaction with Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene mud and sand. Dikes and sills show fluidal, billowed, quenched margins against the host strata, recording development of surface instabilities between magma and groundwater-rich sediment. Accentuation of billowed margins resulted in propagation of intrusive pillows into the adjacent sediment. More intense disruption and mingling of quenched magma with sediment locally produced fluidal and blocky peperite, but sufficient volumes of pore fluid were not heated rapidly enough to generate phreatomagmatic explosions. This work suggests that Trans-Pecos Texas may be an important locale for the study of subvolcanic phreatomagmatic processes and associated phenomena. Eocene intrusions in the study area underwent complex interactions with wet sediment at shallow levels beneath the surface in strata as old as Maastrichtian, which must have remained unlithified and rich in pore water for ~ 20-25??Ma. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.12.017","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Befus, K., Hanson, R., Miggins, D.P., Breyer, J., and Busbey, A., 2009, Nonexplosive and explosive magma/wet-sediment interaction during emplacement of Eocene intrusions into Cretaceous to Eocene strata, Trans-Pecos igneous province, West Texas: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 181, no. 3-4, p. 155-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.12.017.","startPage":"155","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.12.017"},{"id":243026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"181","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6771e4b0c8380cd7332f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Befus, K.S.","contributorId":53618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Befus","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, R.E.","contributorId":75349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miggins, D. P.","contributorId":32367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breyer, J.A.","contributorId":104722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breyer","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Busbey, A.B.","contributorId":38800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busbey","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035340,"text":"70035340 - 2009 - Adoption in rock and white-tailed ptarmigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035340","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adoption in rock and white-tailed ptarmigan","docAbstract":"Reports of adoption in birds are widespread, but few studies report rates of adoption or possible mechanisms for this phenomenon, particularly in the Order Galliformes. We report incidents of adoption in Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and White-tailed Ptarmigan (L. leucura) from two sites in western Canada. Adoption rates for White-tailed Ptarmigan on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and the Ruby Ranges, Yukon Territory were 13% (n = 16 broods) and 4% (n = 27), respectively, while rates for Rock Ptarmigan were 14% (n = 29) in the Ruby Ranges. Low brood densities may result in lower rates of adoption for ptarmigan. ?? 2009 The Wilson Ornithological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/08-029.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Wong, M., Fedy, B., Wilson, S., and Martin, K.M., 2009, Adoption in rock and white-tailed ptarmigan: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 121, no. 3, p. 638-641, https://doi.org/10.1676/08-029.1.","startPage":"638","endPage":"641","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/08-029.1"},{"id":243107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f9e4b0c8380cd4776a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, M.M.L.","contributorId":98967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"M.M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fedy, B.C.","contributorId":35427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedy","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, S.","contributorId":98935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, K. M.","contributorId":105880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035263,"text":"70035263 - 2009 - Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T10:25:18","indexId":"70035263","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>There is a critical need in U.S. public aquaculture and fishery management for an approved sedative that allows for the immediate release of fish after sedation. AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;is a fish anesthetic/sedative approved for use in several countries and until recently was being developed in the U.S. as a sedative for immediate release of fish after sedation. The U.S. National Toxicology Program reported that isoeugenol (the active ingredient in AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>) exposed male mice showed clear evidence of carcinogenicity, therefore efforts within the U.S. Department of Interior to develop AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;as a sedative that allows for immediate release ceased. Despite the ruling, AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;still has the potential to be approved as an anesthetic with a short withdrawal time. Among the data required to gain approval for use in the U.S. are data describing the composition and depletion of all AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;residues from fish fillet tissue. A total residue depletion study for AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;was conducted by exposing market-sized rainbow trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;(mean weight, 502.7&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;54&nbsp;g; s.d.) to 8.9&nbsp;mg/L of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-[URL]-isoeugenol for 60&nbsp;min in 17&nbsp;&deg;C water. The&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-[URL]-isoeugenol was mixed with a surfactant resulting in a mixture that mimicked AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>. Groups of fish (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;6) were sampled immediately after the exposure (0-h sample group) and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4&nbsp;h thereafter. Total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the fillet tissue were determined by oxidizing triplicate subsamples of homogenized skin-on fillet tissue from each fish to&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and enumerating the radioactivity by static liquid scintillation counting. Isoeugenol concentrations in fillet tissue were determined by extracting homogenized fillet tissue with solvents and determining the isoeugenol concentrations in the extracts with high performance liquid chromatography techniques. The mean total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 55.4, 32.0, 19.8, 11.3, and 4.9&nbsp;&micro;g/g, respectively. The primary chemical residue in fillet tissue from all exposed fish was isoeugenol. The mean isoeugenol concentrations in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 48.9, 26.5, 15.3, 7.2, and 2.2&nbsp;&micro;g/g, respectively. The percents of the total radioactivity classified as isoeugenol in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h tissue extracts were 95, 73, 73, 64, and 48%, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., and Schreier, T.M., 2009, Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>): Aquaculture, v. 296, no. 3-4, p. 200-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022"}],"volume":"296","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb2e4b0c8380cd4ee92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034738,"text":"70034738 - 2009 - Shifts in the diet of Lake Ontario alewife in response to ecosystem change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T18:56:31","indexId":"70034738","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shifts in the diet of Lake Ontario alewife in response to ecosystem change","docAbstract":"In the 1990s, the Lake Ontario ecosystem was dramatically altered due to continued invasions of exotic species including dreissenid mussels and predatory cladocerans. We describe the diet and biomass of prey in the stomachs of adult (≥ 109 mm TL) and sub-adult (< 109 mm TL) alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>) in 2004 and 2005 across seasons and depths and compare our results to data from 1972 to 1988. During 2004 and 2005, adult alewife consumed primarily zooplankton prey at bottom depth zones < 70 m and primarily <i>Mysis</i> at bottom depth zones > 70 m. <i>Mysis</i> dominated the diets of adult alewife in all seasons except during the summer of 2004 when zooplankton dominated. <i>Mysis</i> dominated the diets of sub-adult alewife during early and late spring and zooplankton dominated the diets in summer and fall. <i>Bythotrephes</i> and <i>Cercopagis</i> were observed in the diets of both sub-adult and adult alewife. <i>Diporeia</i> was observed only rarely in adult alewife diets. The biomass of prey in alewife stomachs varied seasonally and increased with bottom depth for adult alewife. Alewife diets in 2004–2005 differed from those in 1972 and 1988 with an increase in the prevalence of <i>Mysis</i>, and a decline in the prevalence of zooplankton. The biomass of prey in adult alewife stomachs declined in 2004 and 2005 compared to 1972 and 1988, at bottom depth zones < 70 m but not at bottom depth zones > 70 m suggesting reduced food availability closer to shore. We hypothesize that consumption levels at the shallower depth zones, as indicated by very low biomass of prey in alewife stomachs, may not be sufficient to sustain alewife growth. The increased prevalence of <i>Mysis</i> and common occurrence of predatory cladocerans in the diet of alewife means that alewife have shifted to a higher trophic position.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2008.12.010","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Stewart, T., Sprules, W., and O'Gorman, R., 2009, Shifts in the diet of Lake Ontario alewife in response to ecosystem change: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 241-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.12.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"249","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.12.010"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.9363,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,43.1696 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e72e4b08c986b318946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, T.J.","contributorId":17198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sprules, W.G.","contributorId":85790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprules","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034858,"text":"70034858 - 2009 - Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034858","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations","docAbstract":"We analyze observations of Titan's south polar lake Ontario Lacus obtained by Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer during the 38th flyby of Titan (T38; 2007 December 5). These near-closest-approach observations have the highest signal-to-noise, the finest spatial resolution, and the least atmospheric influence of any near-infrared lake observation to date. We use the large, spatially flat, and low-albedo interior of Ontario Lacus as a calibration target allowing us to derive an analytical atmospheric correction for emission angle. The dark lake interior is surrounded by two separate annuli that follow the lake interior's contours. The inner annulus is uniformly dark, but not so much as the interior lake, and is generally 5-10 kilometers wide at the lake's southeastern margin. We propose that it represents wet lakebed sediments exposed by either tidal sloshing of the lake or seasonal methane loss leading to lower lake-volume. The exterior annulus is bright and shows a spectrum consistent with a relatively low water-ice content relative to the rest of Titan. It may represent fine-grained condensate deposits from a past era of higher lake level. Together, the annuli seem to indicate that the lake level for Ontario Lacus has changed over time. This hypothesis can be tested with observations scheduled for future Titan flybys. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.028","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Barnes, J.W., Brown, R.H., Soderblom, J., Soderblom, L., Jaumann, R., Jackson, B., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Buratti, B.J., Pitman, K., Baines, K.H., Clark, R.N., Nicholson, P.D., Turtle, E.P., and Perry, J., 2009, Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations: Icarus, v. 201, no. 1, p. 217-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.028.","startPage":"217","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215762,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.028"},{"id":243585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e94e4b08c986b318a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, J.M.","contributorId":31097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, B.","contributorId":9081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pitman, K.M.","contributorId":90563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Turtle, E. P.","contributorId":44281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Perry, J.","contributorId":41173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70034861,"text":"70034861 - 2009 - Estimating the encounter rate variance in distance sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034861","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the encounter rate variance in distance sampling","docAbstract":"The dominant source of variance in line transect sampling is usually the encounter rate variance. Systematic survey designs are often used to reduce the true variability among different realizations of the design, but estimating the variance is difficult and estimators typically approximate the variance by treating the design as a simple random sample of lines. We explore the properties of different encounter rate variance estimators under random and systematic designs. We show that a design-based variance estimator improves upon the model-based estimator of Buckland et al. (2001, Introduction to Distance Sampling. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 79) when transects are positioned at random. However, if populations exhibit strong spatial trends, both estimators can have substantial positive bias under systematic designs. We show that poststratification is effective in reducing this bias. ?? 2008, The International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01018.x","issn":"0006341X","usgsCitation":"Fewster, R., Buckland, S., Burnham, K., Borchers, D., Jupp, P., Laake, J., and Thomas, L., 2009, Estimating the encounter rate variance in distance sampling: Biometrics, v. 65, no. 1, p. 225-236, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01018.x.","startPage":"225","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476128,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01018.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01018.x"},{"id":243645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b5ae4b0c8380cd526af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fewster, R.M.","contributorId":44004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fewster","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckland, S.T.","contributorId":84586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckland","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borchers, D.L.","contributorId":52808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jupp, P.E.","contributorId":107523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jupp","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laake, J.L.","contributorId":50372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laake","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thomas, L.","contributorId":37678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035561,"text":"70035561 - 2009 - Metal stable isotopes in low-temperature systems: A primer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035561","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal stable isotopes in low-temperature systems: A primer","docAbstract":"Recent advances in mass spectrometry have allowed isotope scientists to precisely determine stable isotope variations in the metallic elements. Biologically infl uenced and truly inorganic isotope fractionation processes have been demonstrated over the mass range of metals. This Elements issue provides an overview of the application of metal stable isotopes to low-temperature systems, which extend across the borders of several science disciplines: geology, hydrology, biology, environmental science, and biomedicine. Information on instrumentation, fractionation processes, data-reporting terminology, and reference materials presented here will help the reader to better understand this rapidly evolving field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Elements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gselements.5.6.349","issn":"18115209","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T., and Eisenhauer, A., 2009, Metal stable isotopes in low-temperature systems: A primer: Elements, v. 5, no. 6, p. 349-352, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.349.","startPage":"349","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.349"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5484e4b0c8380cd6cfce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eisenhauer, A.","contributorId":101099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenhauer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034719,"text":"70034719 - 2009 - Suckers in headwater tributaries, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034719","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suckers in headwater tributaries, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus) and flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) populations are declining throughout these species' native ranges in the Upper Colorado River Basin. In order to conserve these populations, an understanding of population dynamics is needed. Using age estimates from pectoral fin rays, we describe age and growth of these 2 species in 3 Wyoming stream systems: Muddy Creek, the Little Sandy River, and the Big Sandy River. Within all 3 stream systems, flannelmouth suckers were longer-lived than bluehead suckers, with maximum estimated ages of 16 years in Muddy Creek, 18 years in Little Sandy Creek, and 26 years in the Big Sandy River. Bluehead suckers had maximum estimated ages of 8 years in Muddy Creek, 10 years in Little Sandy Creek, and 18 years in the Big Sandy River. These maximum estimated ages were substantially greater than in other systems where scales have been used to estimate ages. Mean lengths at estimated ages were greater for flannelmouth suckers than for bluehead suckers in all 3 streams and generally less than values published from other systems where scales were used to estimate ages. Our observations of long life spans and slow growth rates among bluehead suckers and flannelmouth suckers were probably associated with our use of fin rays to estimate ages as well as the populations being in headwater tributaries near the northern edges of these species' ranges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0113","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Sweet, D., Compton, R., and Hubert, W., 2009, Suckers in headwater tributaries, Wyoming: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 1, p. 35-41, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0113.","startPage":"35","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487784,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss1/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0113"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dace4b08c986b31d9c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweet, D.E.","contributorId":95995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweet","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Compton, R.I.","contributorId":13446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compton","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034717,"text":"70034717 - 2009 - An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide picloram to the threatened bull trout <i>(salvelinus confluentus)</i> and the rainbow trout <i>(onchorhyncus mykiss)</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:13:05","indexId":"70034717","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide picloram to the threatened bull trout <i>(salvelinus confluentus)</i> and the rainbow trout <i>(onchorhyncus mykiss)</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>We conducted acute and chronic toxicity studies of the effects of picloram acid on the threatened bull trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>) and the standard coldwater surrogate rainbow trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>). Juvenile fish were chronically exposed for 30&nbsp;days in a proportional flow-through diluter to measured concentrations of 0, 0.30, 0.60, 1.18, 2.37, and 4.75&nbsp;mg/L picloram. No mortality of either species was observed at the highest concentration. Bull trout were twofold more sensitive to picloram (30-day maximum acceptable toxic concentration of 0.80&nbsp;mg/L) compared to rainbow trout (30-day maximum acceptable toxic concentration of 1.67&nbsp;mg/L) based on the endpoint of growth. Picloram was acutely toxic to rainbow trout at 36&nbsp;mg/L (96-h ALC50). The acute:chronic ratio for rainbow trout exposed to picloram was 22. The chronic toxicity of picloram was compared to modeled and measured environmental exposure concentrations (EECs) using a four-tiered system. The Tier 1, worst-case exposure estimate, based on a direct application of the current maximum use rate (1.1&nbsp;kg/ha picloram) to a standardized aquatic ecosystem (water body of 1-ha area and 1-m depth), resulted in an EEC of 0.73&nbsp;mg/L picloram and chronic risk quotients of 0.91 and 0.44 for bull trout and rainbow trout, respectively. Higher-tiered exposure estimates reduced chronic risk quotients 10-fold. Results of this study indicate that picloram, if properly applied according to the manufacturer’s label, poses little risk to the threatened bull trout or rainbow trout in northwestern rangeland environments on either an acute or a chronic basis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-008-9227-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Feltz, K., Sappington, L., Allert, A., Nelson, K., and Valle, J., 2009, An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide picloram to the threatened bull trout <i>(salvelinus confluentus)</i> and the rainbow trout <i>(onchorhyncus mykiss)</i>: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 56, no. 4, p. 761-769, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9227-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"769","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9227-1"},{"id":243823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea2ae4b0c8380cd48693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, K.P.","contributorId":28095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valle, J.","contributorId":8685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034809,"text":"70034809 - 2009 - Salinity effects on behavioural response to hypoxia in the non-native Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus from Florida Everglades wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034809","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity effects on behavioural response to hypoxia in the non-native Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus from Florida Everglades wetlands","docAbstract":"This study quantified the hypoxia tolerance of the Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus over a range of salinities. The species was very tolerant of hypoxia, using aquatic surface respiration (ASR) and buccal bubble holding when oxygen tensions dropped to &lt;20 mmHg (c. 1??0 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) and 6 mmHg, respectively. Salinity had little effect on the hypoxia tolerance of C. urophthalmus, except that bubble holding was more frequent at the higher salinities tested. Levels of aggression were greatest at the highest salinity. The ASR thresholds of C. urophthalmus were similar to native centrarchid sunfishes from the Everglades, however, aggression levels for C. uropthalmus were markedly higher. ?? 2009 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02192.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P., Loftus, W., and Fontaine, J., 2009, Salinity effects on behavioural response to hypoxia in the non-native Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus from Florida Everglades wetlands: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 74, no. 6, p. 1245-1258, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02192.x.","startPage":"1245","endPage":"1258","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215930,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02192.x"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafe9e4b0c8380cd87832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, P. J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":80215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fontaine, J.A.","contributorId":95716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034683,"text":"70034683 - 2009 - Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T15:38:38","indexId":"70034683","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity","docAbstract":"<p>This paper presents repeat field measurements of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>223,224,226,228</sup><span>Ra,&nbsp;electromagnetic&nbsp;seepage&nbsp;meter-derived advective fluxes, and multi-electrode, stationary and continuous marine resistivity surveys collected between November 2005 and April 2007 to study coastal groundwater dynamics within a marine beach in Santa Barbara, California. The study provides insight into magnitude and dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated nutrient loadings into&nbsp;near-shore&nbsp;coastal waters, where the predominant SGD drivers can be both spatially and temporally separated.</span></p><p>Rn-222 and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>223,224,226,228</sup>Ra were utilized to quantify the total and saline contribution, respectively, of SGD. The two short-lived<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>224,223</sup><span>Ra isotopes provided an estimate of apparent near-shore water mass age, as well as an estimate of the Ra-derived&nbsp;eddy diffusion&nbsp;coefficient,&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(<sup>224</sup>Ra&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.86&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.7&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>;<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>223</sup>Ra&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.32&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.5&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>). Because<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn (<i>t</i><sub>½</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.8&nbsp;day) and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>224</sup>Ra (<i>t</i><sub>½&nbsp;</sub>=&nbsp;3.66&nbsp;<span>day) have comparable half-lives and production terms, they were used in concert to examine respective water column removal rates. Electromagnetic seepage meters recorded the physical, bi-directional exchange across the&nbsp;sediment/water interface, which ranged from −6.7 to 14.5</span>&nbsp;cm day<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the sampling period and position relative to the low tide line. Multi-day time-series<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn measurements in the near-shore water column yielded total (saline&nbsp;+&nbsp;fresh) SGD rates that ranged from 3.1&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.6 to 9.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.8&nbsp;cm day<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the sampling season. Offshore<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup>Ra (<i>t</i><sub>½</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1600&nbsp;year) and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn gradients were used with the calculated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;values to determine&nbsp;seabed&nbsp;flux estimates (dpm m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup>), which were then converted into SGD rates (7.1 and 7.9&nbsp;cm day<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). Lastly, SGD rates were used to calculate associated nutrient loads for the near-shore coastal waters off Santa Barbara. Depending on both the season and the SGD method utilized, the following SGD-derived nutrient inputs were computed (mol per day per meter of shoreline): NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.06–0.29&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup>; SiO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.22–0.29&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup>; PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>=&nbsp;0.04–0.17&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup>; [NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>&nbsp;+&nbsp;NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>]&nbsp;=&nbsp;0–0.52&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup><span>;&nbsp;dissolved inorganic nitrogen&nbsp;(DIN)</span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.01–0.17&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup><span>, and&nbsp;dissolved organic nitrogen&nbsp;(DON)</span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.08–0.09&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup>. Compared to the ephemeral nature of fluvial and marine inputs into this region, such SGD-derived loadings can provide a sustained source of select nutrients to the coastal waters off Santa Barbara, California that should be accounted for in mass balance estimates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., and Izbicki, J., 2009, Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 83, no. 1, p. 77-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"77","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barbara","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.693611,34.391111 ], [ -119.693611,34.420833 ], [ -119.670833,34.420833 ], [ -119.670833,34.391111 ], [ -119.693611,34.391111 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f783e4b0c8380cd4cb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035008,"text":"70035008 - 2009 - Iron solubility driven by speciation in dust sources to the ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:25:59","indexId":"70035008","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron solubility driven by speciation in dust sources to the ocean","docAbstract":"Although abundant in the Earths crust, iron is present at trace concentrations in sea water and is a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in approximately 40% of the ocean. Current literature suggests that aerosols are the primary external source of iron to offshore waters, yet controls on iron aerosol solubility remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that iron speciation (oxidation state and bonding environment) drives iron solubility in arid region soils, glacial weathering products (flour) and oil combustion products (oil fly ash). Iron speciation varies by aerosol source, with soils in arid regions dominated by ferric (oxy)hydroxides, glacial flour by primary and secondary ferrous silicates and oil fly ash by ferric sulphate salts. Variation in iron speciation produces systematic differences in iron solubility: less than 1% of the iron in arid soils was soluble, compared with 2-3% in glacial products and 77-81% in oil combustion products, which is directly linked to fractions of more soluble phases. We conclude that spatial and temporal variations in aerosol iron speciation, driven by the distribution of deserts, glaciers and fossil-fuel combustion, could have a pronounced effect on aerosol iron solubility and therefore on biological productivity and the carbon cycle in the ocean. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo501","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Schroth, A., Crusius, J., Sholkovitz, E., and Bostick, B., 2009, Iron solubility driven by speciation in dust sources to the ocean: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 5, p. 337-340, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo501.","startPage":"337","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215264,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo501"}],"volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ef3e4b0c8380cd64183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroth, A.W.","contributorId":79707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sholkovitz, E.R.","contributorId":61664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholkovitz","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bostick, B.C.","contributorId":62813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}