{"pageNumber":"2067","pageRowStart":"51650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70035199,"text":"70035199 - 2009 - Sedimentary constraints on late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary constraints on late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"A variety of sedimentological evidence was used to construct the lake-level history for Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, for the past ???25,000 years. Shorelines provide evidence of precise lake levels, but they are infrequently preserved and are poorly dated. For cored sediment similar to that in the modern lake, grain-size distributions provide estimates of past lake depths. Sedimentary textures provide a highly sensitive, continuous record of lake-level changes, but the modern distribution of fabrics is poorly constrained, and many ancient features have no modern analog. Combining the three types of data yields a more robust lake-level history than can be obtained from any one type alone. When smooth age-depth models are used, lake-level curves from multiple cores contain inconsistent intervals (i.e., one record indicates a rising lake level while another record indicates a falling lake level). These discrepancies were removed and the multiple records were combined into a single lake-level curve by developing age-depth relations that contain changes in deposition rate (i.e., gaps) where indicated by sedimentological evidence. The resultant curve shows that, prior to 18 ka, lake level was stable near the modern level, probably because the lake was overflowing. Between ca. 17.5 and 15.5 ka, lake level was ???40 m below the modern level, then fluctuated rapidly throughout the post-glacial interval. Following a brief rise centered ca. 15 ka ( = Raspberry Square phase), lake level lowered again to 15-20 m below modern from ca. 14.8-11.8 ka. This regression culminated in a lowstand to 40 m below modern ca. 12.5 ka, before a rapid rise to levels above modern ca. 11.5 ka. Lake level was typically lower than present throughout the Holocene, with pronounced lowstands 15-20 m below the modern level ca. 10-9, 7.0, 6.5-4.5, 3.5, 3.0-2.5, 2.0, and 1.5 ka. High lake levels near or above the modern lake occurred ca. 8.5-8.0, 7.0-6.5, 4.5-3.5, 2.5, and 0.7 ka. This lake-level history is more similar to records from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Owens Lake, California, than to those from Lake Bonneville, Utah. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(12)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Smoot, J.P., and Rosenbaum, J.G., 2009, Sedimentary constraints on late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 263-290, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(12).","startPage":"263","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(12)"},{"id":242966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a18e4b08c986b317021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, J. P.","contributorId":65878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035188,"text":"70035188 - 2009 - Potential earthquake faults offshore Southern California, from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035188","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential earthquake faults offshore Southern California, from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point","docAbstract":"Urban areas in Southern California are at risk from major earthquakes, not only quakes generated by long-recognized onshore faults but also ones that occur along poorly understood offshore faults. We summarize recent research findings concerning these lesser known faults. Research by the U.S. Geological Survey during the past five years indicates that these faults from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point pose a potential earthquake threat. Historical seismicity in this area indicates that, in general, offshore faults can unleash earthquakes having at least moderate (M 5-6) magnitude. Estimating the earthquake hazard in Southern California is complicated by strain partitioning and by inheritance of structures from early tectonic episodes. The three main episodes are Mesozoic through early Miocene subduction, early Miocene crustal extension coeval with rotation of the Western Transverse Ranges, and Pliocene and younger transpression related to plate-boundary motion along the San Andreas Fault. Additional complication in the analysis of earthquake hazards derives from the partitioning of tectonic strain into strike-slip and thrust components along separate but kinematically related faults. The eastern Santa Barbara Basin is deformed by large active reverse and thrust faults, and this area appears to be underlain regionally by the north-dipping Channel Islands thrust fault. These faults could produce moderate to strong earthquakes and destructive tsunamis. On the Malibu coast, earthquakes along offshore faults could have left-lateral-oblique focal mechanisms, and the Santa Monica Mountains thrust fault, which underlies the oblique faults, could give rise to large (M ??7) earthquakes. Offshore faults near Santa Monica Bay and the San Pedro shelf are likely to produce both strike-slip and thrust earthquakes along northwest-striking faults. In all areas, transverse structures, such as lateral ramps and tear faults, which crosscut the main faults, could segment earthquake rupture zones. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(4.4)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., Sorlien, C., and Sliter, R.W., 2009, Potential earthquake faults offshore Southern California, from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 271-290, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(4.4).","startPage":"271","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(4.4)"},{"id":243325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ec5e4b0c8380cd7a735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorlien, C.C.","contributorId":94089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorlien","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R. W.","contributorId":37758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035049,"text":"70035049 - 2009 - Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:44:15","indexId":"70035049","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine","docAbstract":"<p>West Nile virus was introduced into the United States in the vicinity of New York, New York, USA in 1999. The virus has since killed large numbers of birds nationwide, especially, but not limited to, crows (<i>Corvus brachyrhinchos</i>). One sandhill crane (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) at the Bridgeport Zoo (Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA) reportedly died from West Nile virus, so sandhill cranes and endangered whooping cranes (<i>Grus americana</i>), both in the wild and in captive breeding colonies at United States Geological Service (USGS) Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Laurel, Maryland, USA) were considered at risk. A killed vaccine in sandhill cranes was evaluated by vaccinating and then challenging these cranes with live West Nile virus. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the killed vaccine developed significant titers when compared with unvaccinated controls. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the vaccine and challenged with the virus died from West Nile virus infection. In addition, no unvaccinated challenged sandhill cranes died. However, 2 days postchallenge, vaccinated cranes had significantly less viremia (P &lt; 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes. Seven days postchallenge vaccinated cranes had significantly less cloacal shedding of the virus (P &lt; 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes and significantly less weight loss (P &lt; 0.05) as compared with unvaccinated cranes. Vaccinated sandhill cranes developed significantly higher titers 14 days postchallenge and were viremic for shorter periods of time after challenge than unvaccinated individuals. Unvaccinated challenged cranes had glial cell aggregates in both the brain and brain stem areas, and this was not observed in vaccinated challenged cranes or in vaccinated unchallenged cranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2008-0017.1","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., Miller, K.J., Docherty, D., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., and Sileo, L., 2009, Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 40, no. 2, p. 263-271, https://doi.org/10.1638/2008-0017.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a759ce4b0c8380cd77c45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kimberli J.G. 0000-0002-7947-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0894","contributorId":81447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberli","email":"","middleInitial":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. 0000-0002-5590-6518 vbochsler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-6518","contributorId":3234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","email":"vbochsler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034884,"text":"70034884 - 2009 - Learning to wait: A laboratory investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-07T12:27:36","indexId":"70034884","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3274,"text":"Review of Economic Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Learning to wait: A laboratory investigation","docAbstract":"<p>Human subjects decide when to sink a fixed cost C to seize an irreversible investment opportunity whose value V is governed by Brownian motion. The optimal policy is to invest when V first crosses a threshold V* = (1 + w*) C, where the wait option premium w* depends on drift, volatility, and expiration hazard parameters. Subjects in the Low w* treatment on average invest at values quite close to optimum. Subjects in the two Medium and the High w* treatments invested at values below optimum, but with the predicted ordering, and values approached the optimum by the last block of 20 periods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00543.x","issn":"00346527","usgsCitation":"Oprea, R., Friedman, D., and Anderson, S.T., 2009, Learning to wait: A laboratory investigation: Review of Economic Studies, v. 76, no. 3, p. 1103-1124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00543.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1124","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00543.x"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45f2e4b0c8380cd6753c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oprea, Ryan","contributorId":54085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oprea","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Daniel","contributorId":69435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Steven T. 0000-0003-3481-3424 sanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3481-3424","contributorId":2532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steven","email":"sanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033201,"text":"70033201 - 2009 - Shallow radar (SHARAD) sounding observations of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T13:52:44","indexId":"70033201","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow radar (SHARAD) sounding observations of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>The SHARAD (shallow radar) sounding radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter detects subsurface reflections in the eastern and western parts of the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF). The radar waves penetrate up to 580 m of the MFF and detect clear subsurface interfaces in two locations: west MFF between 150 and 155° E and east MFF between 209 and 213° E. Analysis of SHARAD radargrams suggests that the real part of the permittivity is ∼3.0, which falls within the range of permittivity values inferred from MARSIS data for thicker parts of the MFF. The SHARAD data cannot uniquely determine the composition of the MFF material, but the low permittivity implies that the upper few hundred meters of the MFF material has a high porosity. One possibility is that the MFF is comprised of low-density welded or interlocked pyroclastic deposits that are capable of sustaining the steep-sided yardangs and ridges seen in imagery. The SHARAD surface echo power across the MFF is low relative to typical martian plains, and completely disappears in parts of the east MFF that correspond to the radar-dark Stealth region. These areas are extremely rough at centimeter to meter scales, and the lack of echo power is most likely due to a combination of surface roughness and a low near-surface permittivity that reduces the echo strength from any locally flat regions. There is also no radar evidence for internal layering in any of the SHARAD data for the MFF, despite the fact that tens-of-meters scale layering is apparent in infrared and visible wavelength images of nearby areas. These interfaces may not be detected in SHARAD data if their permittivity contrasts are low, or if the layers are discontinuous. The lack of closely spaced internal radar reflectors suggests that the MFF is not an equatorial analog to the current martian polar deposits, which show clear evidence of multiple internal layers in SHARAD data.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.007","issn":"00191","usgsCitation":"Carter, L.M., Campbell, B.A., Watters, T.R., Phillips, R.J., Putzig, N.E., Safaeinili, A., Plaut, J.J., Okubo, C., Egan, A.F., Seu, R., Biccari, D., and Orosei, R., 2009, Shallow radar (SHARAD) sounding observations of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars: Icarus, v. 199, no. 2, p. 295-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars, Medusae Fossae Formation","volume":"199","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e34e4b08c986b3187bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Lynn M.","contributorId":39109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce A.","contributorId":39813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watters, Thomas R.","contributorId":212714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watters","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Roger J.","contributorId":74495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24730,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Putzig, Nathaniel E. 0000-0003-4485-6321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-6321","contributorId":208684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putzig","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Safaeinili, Ali","contributorId":212731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Safaeinili","given":"Ali","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plaut, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":63516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plaut","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Egan, Anthony F.","contributorId":21269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egan","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Seu, Roberto","contributorId":18496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seu","given":"Roberto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Biccari, Daniela","contributorId":212733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biccari","given":"Daniela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Orosei, Roberto","contributorId":212734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orosei","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70035107,"text":"70035107 - 2009 - Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035107","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth","docAbstract":"Greenhouse experiments were undertaken to identify soil factors that curtail growth of the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) without significantly inhibiting growth of native perennial grasses (here represented by Hilaria jamesii [Torr.] Benth). We grew B. tectorum and H. jamesii alone (monoculture pots) and together (combination pots) in soil treatments that manipulated levels of soil phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. Hilaria jamesii showed no decline when its aboveground biomass in any of the applied treatments was compared to the control in either the monoculture or combination pots. Monoculture pots of B. tectorum showed a decline in aboveground biomass with the addition of Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4.</sub> Interestingly, in pots where H. jamesii was present, the negative effect of these treatments was ameliorated. Whereas the presence of B. tectorum generally decreased the aboveground biomass of H. jamesii (comparing aboveground biomass in monoculture versus combination pots), the presence of H. jamesii resulted in an enhancement of B. tectorum aboveground biomass by up to 900%. We hypothesize that B. tectorum was able to obtain resources from H. jamesii, an action that benefited B. tectorum while generally harming H. jamesii. Possible ways resources may be gained by B. tectorum from native perennial grasses include (1) B. tectorum is protected from salt stress by native plants or associated soil biota; (2) when B. tectorum is grown with H. jamesii, the native soil biota is altered in a way that favors B. tectorum growth, including B. tectorum tapping into the mycorrhizal network of native plants and obtaining resources from them; (3) B. tectorum can take advantage of root exudates from native plants, including water and nutrients released by natives via hydraulic redistribution; and (4) B. tectorum is able to utilize some combination of the above mechanisms. In summary, land managers may find adding soil treatments can temporarily suppress B. tectorum and enhance the establishment of native plants. However, the extirpation of B. tectorum is unlikely, as many native grasses are likely to facilitate its growth. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., and Sherrod, S.K., 2009, Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth: Plant Ecology, v. 201, no. 2, p. 709-721, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5.","startPage":"709","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5"},{"id":243060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e7e4b08c986b319b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, S. K.","contributorId":9209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherrod","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035881,"text":"70035881 - 2009 - A 3000-year record of ground-rupturing earthquakes along the central North Anatolian fault near Lake Ladik, Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035881","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 3000-year record of ground-rupturing earthquakes along the central North Anatolian fault near Lake Ladik, Turkey","docAbstract":"The North Anatolian fault (NAF) is a ???1500 km long, arcuate, dextral strike-slip fault zone in northern Turkey that extends from the Karliova triple junction to the Aegean Sea. East of Bolu, the fault zone exhibits evidence of a sequence of large (M<sub>w</sub> &gt;7) earthquakes that occurred during the twentieth century that displayed a migrating earthquake sequence from east to west. Prolonged human occupation in this region provides an extensive, but not exhaustive, historical record of large earthquakes prior to the twentieth century that covers much of the last 2000 yr. In this study, we extend our knowledge of rupture events in the region by evaluating the stratigraphy and chronology of sediments exposed in a paleoseismic trench across a splay of the NAF at Destek, ???6:5 km east of Lake Ladik (40.868?? N, 36.121?? E). The trenched fault strand forms an uphill-facing scarp and associated sediment trap below a small catchment area. The trench exposed a narrow fault zone that has juxtaposed a sequence of weakly defined paleosols interbedded with colluvium against highly fractured bedrock. We mapped magnetic susceptibility variations on the trench walls and found evidence for multiple visually unrecognized colluvial wedges. This technique was also used to constrain a predominantly dip-slip style of displacement on this fault splay. Sediments exposed in the trench were dated using both charcoal and terrestrial gastropod shells to constrain the timing of the earthquake events. While the gastropod shells consistently yielded <sup>14</sup> C ages that were too old (by ???900 yr), we obtained highly reliable <sup>14</sup> C ages from the charcoal by dating multiple components of the sample material. Our radiocarbon chronology constrains the timing of seven large earthquakes over the past 3000 yr prior to the 1943 Tosya earthquake, including event ages of (2?? error): A.D. 1437-1788, A.D. 1034-1321, A.D. 549-719, A.D. 17-585 (1-3 events), 35 B.C.-A.D. 28, 700-392 B.C., 912-596 B.C. Our results indicate an average interevent time of 385 166?? yr (1??).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080024","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Fraser, J., Pigati, J., Hubert-Ferrari, A., Vanneste, K., Avsar, U., and Altinok, S., 2009, A 3000-year record of ground-rupturing earthquakes along the central North Anatolian fault near Lake Ladik, Turkey: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 5, p. 2681-2703, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080024.","startPage":"2681","endPage":"2703","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487797,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46721","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216113,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080024"}],"volume":"99","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c5e4b0c8380cd45c2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, J.","contributorId":74223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pigati, J.S.","contributorId":80486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert-Ferrari, A.","contributorId":86589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert-Ferrari","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vanneste, K.","contributorId":41672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanneste","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avsar, U.","contributorId":73845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avsar","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Altinok, S.","contributorId":37169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altinok","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035434,"text":"70035434 - 2009 - Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:39:18","indexId":"70035434","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","issn":"1547139X","usgsCitation":"Owen, D., Lasca, N., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature: Stratigraphy, v. 6, no. 2, p. 183-184.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa775e4b0c8380cd85429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, D.E.","contributorId":35336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasca, N.P.","contributorId":93293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasca","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033012,"text":"70033012 - 2009 - Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T14:01:33.4512","indexId":"70033012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt, endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into these facilities has required curtailment of pumping, reducing the reliability of water deliveries. We reviewed the first 5&nbsp;years (2001–2005) of the Environmental Water Account (EWA), a program instituted to resolve conflicts between protecting listed fishes and providing a reliable water supply. The EWA provided fishery agencies with control over 0.2–0.4&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of water to be used for fish protection at no cost to users of exported water, and fish agencies guaranteed no disruption of water supply for fish protection. The EWA was successful in reducing uncertainty in water supply; however, its contribution to the recovery of listed fishes was unclear. We estimated the effectiveness of the EWA to be modest, increasing the survival of winter-run Chinook salmon by 0–6% (dependent on prescreen mortality), adult delta smelt by 0–1%, and juvenile delta smelt by 2–4%. Allocating EWA water for a single life stage of one species could provide larger gains in survival. An optimally allocated EWA of equal size to the median of the first 5&nbsp;years could increase abundance of juvenile delta smelt up to 7% in the springs of dry years. If the EWA is to become a long-term program, estimates of efficacy should be refined. If the program is to be held accountable for quantitative increases in fish populations, it will be necessary to integrate scientific, possibly experimental, approaches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4","usgsCitation":"Brown, L., Kimmerer, W., and Brown, R., 2009, Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 2, p. 357-368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.90728759765625,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.90728759765625,\n              38.66835610151506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              38.66835610151506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c9ce4b0c8380cd69d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimmerer, W.","contributorId":38325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034519,"text":"70034519 - 2009 - Sex assignment of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fluvescens) based on plasma sex hormone and vitellogenin levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034519","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sex assignment of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fluvescens) based on plasma sex hormone and vitellogenin levels","docAbstract":"This study focused on identifying the sex of lake sturgeon by measuring the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the phosphoprotein vitellogenin (Vtg) in blood plasma by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and evaluating these techniques as tools in lake sturgeon population management. Surveys of the St Clair River (SCR) lake sturgeon population have characterized it as rebounding by having steady or increasing recruitment since 1997. However, researchers have not been able to effectively determine the sex for most of the sturgeon they capture because few fish caught during surveys are releasing gametes. A total of 115 fish were sampled from May through June in 2004 and 2005 from the SCR, Michigan, USA. Of these, only four females and eight males were verified (i.e. they were releasing gametes at time of capture), resulting in very few fish with which to validate blood hormone and Vtg biomarkers of sex. Fifty-six percent of the fish were assigned a sex designation based on biomarker criteria. Correspondence between actual gonadal sex and biomarker-directed classification was good for the small subset of fish for which gonadal sex was definitively determined. Moreover, application of the steroid values in a predictive sex assignment model developed for white sturgeon misclassified only the same two fish that were misclassified with the steroid and Vtg biomarkers. The experimental results suggest a sex ratio of 1 : 2.7 (F:M), however more conclusive methods are needed to confirm this ratio because so few fish were available for sex validation. Of the 43 males, 14 were within the legal slot limit, 11 were smaller than 1067 mm total length (TL), and 18 were larger than 1270 mm TL. All 15 females were larger than 1270 mm TL, and thus protected by the slot limit criteria. Considering that lake sturgeon are threatened in Michigan, an advantage to using blood plasma assays was that fish were not harmed, and sample collection was quick, simple, and inexpensive. However, because a sufficiently large number of fish could not be validated for gonadal sex due to handling restrictions given the fish's protected status, assignment of sex is not based on a robust multi-variate model. An immediate alternative may be to use other non-invasive field methods (e.g. ultrasound, fiber-optic endoscope) to provide a more timely classification while establishing well-validated plasma hormone and Vtg-based predictive models for sex assignment of lake sturgeon. ?? 2009 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01289.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Craig, J., Papoulias, D., Thomas, M., Annis, M., and Boase, J., 2009, Sex assignment of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fluvescens) based on plasma sex hormone and vitellogenin levels, <i>in</i> Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 25, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 60-67, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01289.x.","startPage":"60","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01289.x"},{"id":243751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d8fe4b08c986b3184a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, J.M.","contributorId":39566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, M.V.","contributorId":66908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Annis, M.L.","contributorId":53930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annis","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boase, J.","contributorId":76939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boase","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156434,"text":"70156434 - 2009 - Indicators and standards of quality for trail and campsite conditions at Isle au Haut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T16:34:59.847809","indexId":"70156434","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Indicators and standards of quality for trail and campsite conditions at Isle au Haut","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Parks and people: Managing outdoor recreation at Acadia National Park","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press of New England","publisherLocation":"Lebanon, New Hampshire","isbn":"9781584658818 1584658819","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., 2009, Indicators and standards of quality for trail and campsite conditions at Isle au Haut, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Parks and people: Managing outdoor recreation at Acadia National Park, p. 41-52.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012511","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Knox","otherGeospatial":"Acadia National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -68.69682312011719,\n              44.001211757693305\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.69682312011719,\n              44.093996303179026\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.55674743652342,\n              44.093996303179026\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.55674743652342,\n              44.001211757693305\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.69682312011719,\n              44.001211757693305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb7e4b0518e3546f013","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Manning, Robert E.","contributorId":37463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569160,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193195,"text":"70193195 - 2009 - Genetic conservation and paddlefish propagation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T15:35:36","indexId":"70193195","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic conservation and paddlefish propagation","docAbstract":"<p>The conservation of genetic diversity of our natural resources is overwhelmingly one of the central foci of 21st century management practices. Three recommendations related to the conservation of paddlefish Polyodon spathula genetic diversity are to (1) identify genetic diversity at both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci using a suggested list of 20 sampling locations, (2) use genetic diversity estimates to develop genetic management units, and (3) identify broodstock sources to minimize effects of supplemental stocking on the genetic integrity of native paddlefish populations. We review previous genetic work on paddlefish and described key principles and concepts associated with maintaining genetic diversity within and among paddlefish populations and also present a genetic case study of current paddlefish propagation at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery. This study confirmed that three potential sources of broodfish were genetically indistinguishable at the loci examined, allowing the management agencies cooperating on this program flexibility in sampling gametes. This study also showed significant bias in the hatchery occurred in terms of male reproductive contribution, which resulted in a shift in the genetic diversity of progeny compared to the broodfish. This shift was shown to result from differential male contributions, partially attributed to the mode of egg fertilization. Genetic insights enable implementation of a paddlefish propagation program within an adaptive management strategy that conserves inherent genetic diversity while achieving demographic goals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":" American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Sloss, B.L., Klumb, R.A., and Heist, E., 2009, Genetic conservation and paddlefish propagation: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 66.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"327","ipdsId":"IP-010520","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","edition":"307","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cfde4b06e28e9c2576b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloss, Brian L. bsloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian","email":"bsloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":718150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klumb, Robert A.","contributorId":86606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klumb","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heist, Edward J.","contributorId":44849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heist","given":"Edward J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047287,"text":"70047287 - 2009 - Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T15:02:29.061968","indexId":"70047287","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters","docAbstract":"<p>Two-story fisheries occur in lakes or reservoirs characterized by two distinct spatial strata, warmwater and coldwater. These strata develop as the system begins to warm in the spring or summer in response to solar radiation and then separate into an upper warmwater stratum (epilimnion, hereafter referred to as the upper stratum) and a lower coldwater stratum (hypolimnion, hereafter referred to as the lower stratum) separated by the thermocline, a zone of rapidly declining temperatures with depth (i.e., stratification; Figure 10.1). Each stratum or story is dominated by fish species with different physiological constraints, dietary preferences, and behavior.</p><p>The original use of the term “two-story” described lentic systems in which the lower stratum was less than 21°C during summer and dominated by stocked salmonids, the upper stratum was dominated by sunfishes or perches, and attempts were made to simultaneously manage both strata as sport fisheries (e.g., Jones 1982). However, the terminology is now used more generally to describe any two-stratum system where a coldwater species dominates the lower stratum, often piscivores; a warmwater species dominates the upper stratum, often a planktivore or omnivore; and both contribute to the sport fishery. In general, the upper stratum is characterized by a large, relatively shallow, littoral zone where a diverse assemblage of fishes interact with the bottom, whereas the lower stratum is characterized as deep and pelagic with fewer fish species.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch10","usgsCitation":"Budy, P.E., Thiede, G.P., Luecke, C., and Schneidervin, R.W., 2009, Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch10.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eede4b02e26443a93db","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. pbudy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiede, Gary P.","contributorId":9154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiede","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luecke, Chris","contributorId":18651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luecke","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schneidervin, Roger W.","contributorId":37621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneidervin","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70192778,"text":"70192778 - 2009 - Review: Progress in rotational ground-motion observations from explosions and local earthquakes in Taiwan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T06:20:59","indexId":"70192778","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review: Progress in rotational ground-motion observations from explosions and local earthquakes in Taiwan","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">Rotational motions generated by large earthquakes in the far field have been successfully measured, and observations agree well with the classical elasticity theory. However, recent rotational measurements in the near field of earthquakes in Japan and in Taiwan indicate that rotational ground motions are 10 to 100 times larger than expected from the classical elasticity theory. The near-field strong-motion records of the 1999<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake suggest that the ground motions along the 100&nbsp;km rupture are complex. Some rather arbitrary baseline corrections are necessary in order to obtain reasonable displacement values from double integration of the acceleration data. Because rotational motions can contaminate acceleration observations due to the induced perturbation of the Earth’s gravitational field, we started a modest program to observe rotational ground motions in Taiwan.</p><p id=\"p-2\">Three papers have reported the rotational observations in Taiwan: (1)&nbsp;at the HGSD station (<span id=\"xref-ref-23-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Liu<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et&nbsp;al.</i>, 2009</span>), (2)&nbsp;at the N3 site from two TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research (TAIGER) explosions (<span id=\"xref-ref-22-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Lin<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et&nbsp;al.</i>, 2009</span>), and (3)&nbsp;at the Taiwan campus of the National Chung-Cheng University (NCCU) (<span id=\"xref-ref-45-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Wu<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et&nbsp;al.</i>, 2009</span>). In addition,<span>&nbsp;</span><span id=\"xref-ref-19-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Langston<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et&nbsp;al.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(2009)</span><span>&nbsp;</span>reported the results of analyzing the TAIGER explosion data. As noted by several authors before, we found a linear relationship between peak rotational rate (PRR in mrad/sec) and peak ground acceleration (PGA in m/sec<sup>2</sup>) from local earthquakes in Taiwan, PRR=0.002+1.301 PGA, with a correlation coefficient of 0.988.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080205","usgsCitation":"Lee, W.H., Huang, B., Langston, C.A., Lin, C., Liu, C., Shin, T., Teng, T., and Wu, C., 2009, Review: Progress in rotational ground-motion observations from explosions and local earthquakes in Taiwan: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 2B, p. 958-967, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080205.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"967","ipdsId":"IP-007900","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              119.88281249999999,\n              21.555284406923178\n            ],\n            [\n              122.1240234375,\n              21.555284406923178\n            ],\n            [\n              122.1240234375,\n              25.463114529259403\n            ],\n            [\n              119.88281249999999,\n              25.463114529259403\n            ],\n            [\n              119.88281249999999,\n              21.555284406923178\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"2B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bc4e4b0531197afa09c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, William H. K. whklee@usgs.gov","contributorId":623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"William","email":"whklee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":718289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Bor-Shouh","contributorId":71651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Bor-Shouh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langston, Charles A.","contributorId":52581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langston","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, Chin-Jen","contributorId":199136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Chin-Jen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Chun-Chi","contributorId":75240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Chun-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shin, Tzay-Chyn","contributorId":199137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shin","given":"Tzay-Chyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Teng, Ta-Liang","contributorId":198713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teng","given":"Ta-Liang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wu, Chien-Fu","contributorId":62302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Chien-Fu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70193174,"text":"70193174 - 2009 - Food supplies of stream-dwelling salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T15:58:11","indexId":"70193174","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Food supplies of stream-dwelling salmonids","docAbstract":"<p>Much is known about the importance of the physical characteristics of salmonid habitat in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest, with far less known about the food sources and trophic processes within these habitats, and the role they play in regulating salmonid productivity. Freshwater food webs supporting salmonids in Alaska rely heavily on nutrient, detritus and prey subsidies from both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Adult salmon provide a massive input of marine biomass to riverine ecosystems each year when they spawn, die, and decompose, and are a critical food source for young salmon in late summer and fall; riparian forests provide terrestrial invertebrates to streams, which at times comprise over half of the food ingested by stream-resident salmonids; and up-slope, fishless headwater streams are a year-round source of invertebrates and detritus for fish downstream. The quantity of these food resources vary widely depending on source, season, and spatial position within a watershed. Terrestrial invertebrate inputs from riparian habitats are generally the most abundant food source in summer. Juvenile salmonids in streams consume roughly equal amounts of freshwater and terrestrially-derived invertebrates during most of the growing season, but ingest substantial amounts of marine resources (salmon eggs and decomposing salmon tissue) when these food items are present. Quantity, quality, and timing of food resources all appear to be important driving forces in aquatic food web dynamics, community nutrition, and salmonid growth and survival in riverine ecosystems.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 70","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Wipfli, M.S., 2009, Food supplies of stream-dwelling salmonids, <i>in</i> American Fisheries Society Symposium 70, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-007611","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347778,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://alaska.portal.gina.alaska.edu/catalogs/9657-food-supplies-of-stream-dwelling-salmonids"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9ae4b06e28e9cabb28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176796,"text":"70176796 - 2009 - Acceptance of the 2009 Henry Baldwin Ward Medal: The accidental parasitologist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:27:34","indexId":"70176796","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acceptance of the 2009 Henry Baldwin Ward Medal: The accidental parasitologist","docAbstract":"<p><span>Members of the Society, President Conn, colleagues, friends, and particularly students, the Ward Medal recipient, from Clarke Read onward, traditionally recounts how their career was shaped. A decade ago, in a crumbling Kona hotel, the ASP's own tattooed lady, Janine Caira, opened her Ward Medal address with: “To all future Ward Medalists, many of whom I trust are sitting in the audience out there today, I say: savor the moment! You have no idea how much easier it is to be sitting out there where you are than standing up here where I am” (</span><a class=\"ref\" onclick=\"popRef2('i0022-3395-95-6-1267-Caira1','','','' ); return false;\">Caira 1998</a><span>). I certainly didn't imagine that Janine was delivering her advice to me and it is presumptuous to imagine my story is a template for shaping a career. As the title of my talk indicates, it was an accident.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/GE-2307.1","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., 2009, Acceptance of the 2009 Henry Baldwin Ward Medal: The accidental parasitologist: Journal of Parasitology, v. 95, no. 6, p. 1267-1271, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2307.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1271","ipdsId":"IP-014891","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08ae4b0bc0bec09c7d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176957,"text":"70176957 - 2009 - Book review: Birds of Prey: Health & Disease, Third Edition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:44:05","indexId":"70176957","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Birds of Prey: Health & Disease, Third Edition","docAbstract":"<p>Even though this book is billed as the third edition it is, in the words of Patrick T. Redig, author of its Foreword, ‘‘a seriously reinvented book.’’ Originally published in 1978 under the title of Veterinary Aspects of Captive Birds of Prey, this new edition, with its new title, could stand alone and not have been tagged with the ‘‘third edition.’’ Much has changed in the world of avian medicine in the 30 yr since the publishing of the original tome, and this new volume brings the latest information on raptor medicine to the reader.</p><p>Review info:&nbsp;Birds of Prey: Health &amp; Disease, Third Edition. Edited by John E. Cooper. Blackwell Sciences, Ltd., Oxford, UK. 2002. 345 pp. ISBN 978-0-63205-115-1.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-45.3.888","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 2009, Book review: Birds of Prey: Health & Disease, Third Edition: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 45, no. 3, p. 888-889, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.3.888.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"889","ipdsId":"IP-012341","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58009d56e4b0824b2d183b96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":650878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176797,"text":"70176797 - 2009 - Calling for an ecological approach to studying climate change and infectious diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:27:04","indexId":"70176797","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calling for an ecological approach to studying climate change and infectious diseases","docAbstract":"<p>My Concepts and Synthesis paper (Lafferty 2009),which inspired this Forum, echoed the premise that earlyreviews about climate change exaggerated claims thatinfectious diseases will increase in the future (Randolph2009). The paper sparked five well-reasoned commen-taries from ecologists with considerable expertise ininfectious diseases (Dobson 2009, Harvell et al. 2009,Ostfeld 2009, Pascual and Bouma 2009, Randolph2009). These reviews illustrate several examples andcase studies which corr elate i ncreases in infectiousdisease with existing climate variation, though alterna-tive explanations exist for many of these patterns(Dobson 2009, Harvell et al. 2009, Ostfeld 2009, Pascualand Bouma 2009, Randolph 2009). A common messageis that an ecological approach is increasingly relevant tothe challenging topic of infectious disease.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/08-1767.1","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., 2009, Calling for an ecological approach to studying climate change and infectious diseases: Ecology, v. 90, no. 4, p. 932-933, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1767.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"932","endPage":"933","ipdsId":"IP-008906","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08ae4b0bc0bec09c7d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193914,"text":"70193914 - 2009 - Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:51:44","indexId":"70193914","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Coolwater streams, which are intermediate in character between coldwater “trout” streams and more diverse warmwater streams, occur widely in temperate regions but are poorly understood. We used modeled water temperature data and fish assemblage samples from 371 stream sites in Michigan and Wisconsin to define, describe, and map coolwater streams and their fish assemblages. We defined coolwater streams as ones having summer water temperatures suitable for both coldwater and warmwater species and used the observed distributions of the 99 fish species at our sites to identify coolwater thermal boundaries. Coolwater streams had June-through-August mean water temperatures of 17.0–20.5°C, July mean temperatures of 17.5–21.0°C, and maximum daily mean temperatures of 20.7–24.6°C. We delineated two subclasses of coolwater streams: “cold transition” (having July mean water temperatures of 17.5–19.5°C) and “warm transition” (having July mean temperatures of 19.5–21.0°C). Fish assemblages in coolwater streams were variable and lacked diagnostic species but were generally intermediate in species richness and overlapped in composition with coldwater and warmwater streams. In cold-transition streams, coldwater (e.g., salmonids and cottids) and transitional species (e.g., creek chub <i>Semotilus atromaculatus</i>, eastern blacknose dace <i>Rhynichthys atratulus</i>, white sucker <i>Catostomus commersonii</i>, and johnny darter <i>Etheostoma nigrum</i>) were common and warmwater species (e.g., ictalurids and centrarchids) were uncommon; in warm-transition streams warmwater and transitional species were common and coldwater species were uncommon. Coolwater was the most widespread and abundant thermal class in Michigan and Wisconsin, comprising 65% of the combined total stream length in the two states (cold-transition streams being more common than warm-transition ones). Our approach can be used to identify and characterize coolwater streams elsewhere in the temperate region, benefiting many aspects of fisheries management and environmental protection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M08-118.1","usgsCitation":"Lyons, J., Zorn, T., Stewart, J.S., Seelbach, P.W., Wehrly, K., and Wang, L., 2009, Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1130-1151, https://doi.org/10.1577/M08-118.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1151","ipdsId":"IP-005975","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, 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 \"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8f9e4b09af898c862a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, John","contributorId":176499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zorn, Troy","contributorId":200218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zorn","given":"Troy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7024,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373 jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seelbach, Paul W. pseelbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":3937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","email":"pseelbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wehrly, Kevin","contributorId":6090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehrly","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Lizhu","contributorId":184191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lizhu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70176795,"text":"70176795 - 2009 - Modeling fuel succession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:28:09","indexId":"70176795","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1639,"text":"Fire Management Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling fuel succession","docAbstract":"<p>Surface fuels data are of critical importance for supporting fire incident management, risk assessment, and fuel management planning, but the development of surface fuels data can be expensive and time consuming. The data development process is extensive, generally beginning with acquisition of remotely sensed spatial data such as aerial photography or satellite imagery (Keane and others 2001). The spatial vegetation data are then crosswalked to a set of fire behavior fuel models that describe the available fuels (the burnable portions of the vegetation) (Anderson 1982, Scott and Burgan 2005). Finally, spatial fuels data are used as input to tools such as FARSITE and FlamMap to model current and potential fire spread and behavior (Finney 1998, Finney 2006). </p><p>The capture date of the remotely sensed data defines the period for which the vegetation, and, therefore, fuels, data are most accurate. The more time that passes after the capture date, the less accurate the data become due to vegetation growth and processes such as fire. Subsequently, the results of any&nbsp;fire simulation based on these data become less accurate as the data age. Because of the amount of labor and expense required to develop these data, keeping them updated may prove to be a challenge.&nbsp;</p><p>In this article, we describe the Sierra Nevada Fuel Succession Model, a modeling tool that can quickly and easily update surface fuel models with a minimum of additional input data. Although it was developed for use by Yosemite, Sequoia, and Kings Canyon National Parks, it is applicable to much of the central and southern Sierra Nevada. Furthermore, the methods used to develop the model have national applicability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Davis, B., Van Wagtendonk, J.W., Beck, J., and van Wagtendonk, K.A., 2009, Modeling fuel succession: Fire Management Today, v. 69, no. 2, p. 18-21.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-008445","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2009_davis_b001.pdf?"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08ae4b0bc0bec09c7db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Brett","contributorId":175173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan","email":"jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Jen","contributorId":175174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Jen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, Kent A.","contributorId":175027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187067,"text":"70187067 - 2009 - Deep low-frequency earthquakes in tremor localize to the plate interface in multiple subduction zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T15:13:11","indexId":"70187067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep low-frequency earthquakes in tremor localize to the plate interface in multiple subduction zones","docAbstract":"<p><span>Deep tremor under Shikoku, Japan, consists primarily, and perhaps entirely, of swarms of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that occur as shear slip on the plate interface</span><i>.</i><span> Although tremor is observed at other plate boundaries, the lack of cataloged low-frequency earthquakes has precluded a similar conclusion about tremor in those locales. We use a network autocorrelation approach to detect and locate LFEs within tremor recorded at three subduction zones characterized by different thermal structures and levels of interplate seismicity: southwest Japan, northern Cascadia, and Costa Rica. In each case we find that LFEs are the primary constituent of tremor and that they locate on the deep continuation of the plate boundary. This suggests that tremor in these regions shares a common mechanism and that temperature is not the primary control on such activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009GL040027","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.R., Beroza, G.C., Ide, S., Ohta, K., Shelly, D.R., Schwartz, S.Y., Rabbel, W., Thorwart, M., and Kao, H., 2009, Deep low-frequency earthquakes in tremor localize to the plate interface in multiple subduction zones: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 19, Article L19306; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040027.","productDescription":"Article L19306; 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-015581","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl040027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d3e4b0b7ea545240fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Justin R.","contributorId":191202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":23866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ide, Satoshi","contributorId":191204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ide","given":"Satoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ohta, Kazuaki","contributorId":191203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohta","given":"Kazuaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schwartz, Susan Y.","contributorId":191205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rabbel, Wolfgang","contributorId":80443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rabbel","given":"Wolfgang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thorwart, M.","contributorId":39656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorwart","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kao, Honn","contributorId":105419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"Honn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70177590,"text":"70177590 - 2009 - Modeling individual animal histories with multistate capture–recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:20:35","indexId":"70177590","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5217,"text":"Advances in Ecological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling individual animal histories with multistate capture–recapture models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many fields of science begin with a phase of exploration and description, followed by investigations of the processes that account for observed patterns. The science of ecology is no exception, and recent decades have seen a focus on understanding key processes underlying the dynamics of ecological systems. In population ecology, emphasis has shifted from the state variable of population size to the demographic processes responsible for changes in this state variable: birth, death, immigration, and emigration. In evolutionary ecology, some of these same demographic processes, rates of birth and death, are also the determinants of fitness. In animal population ecology, the estimation of state variables and their associated vital rates is especially problematic because of the difficulties in sampling such populations and detecting individual animals. Indeed, early capture–recapture models were developed for the purpose of estimating population size, given the reality that all animals are not caught or detected at any sampling occasion. More recently, capture–recapture models for open populations were developed to draw inferences about survival in the face of these same sampling problems. The focus of this paper is on multi‐state mark–recapture models (MSMR), which first appeared in the 1970s but have undergone substantial development in the last 15 years. These models were developed to deal explicitly with biological variation, in that animals in different “states” (classes defined by location, physiology, behavior, reproductive status, etc.) may have different probabilities of survival and detection. Animal transitions between states are also stochastic and themselves of interest. These general models have proven to be extremely useful and provide a way of thinking about a remarkably wide range of important ecological processes. These methods are now at a stage of refinement and sophistication where they can readily be used by biologists to tackle a wide range of important issues in ecology. In this paper, we draw together information on the state of the art in multistate mark–recapture methods, explaining the models and illustrating their use. We provide a modeling philosophy and a series of general principles on how to conduct analyses. We cover key issues and features, and we anticipate the ways in which we expect the models to develop in the years ahead. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2504(09)00403-6","usgsCitation":"Lebreton, J., Nichols, J., Barker, R., Pradel, R., and Spendelow, J.A., 2009, Modeling individual animal histories with multistate capture–recapture models: Advances in Ecological Research, v. 41, p. 87-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(09)00403-6.","productDescription":"87 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"173","ipdsId":"IP-010824","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c4e4b0f497e78fca77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lebreton, Jean-Dominique","contributorId":172792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebreton","given":"Jean-Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, Richard J.","contributorId":6987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pradel, Roger","contributorId":176008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pradel","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spendelow, Jeffrey A. 0000-0001-8167-0898 jspendelow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":4355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jspendelow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70179526,"text":"70179526 - 2009 - Options for national parks and reserves for adapting to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:53:03","indexId":"70179526","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Options for national parks and reserves for adapting to climate change","docAbstract":"<p><span>Past and present climate has shaped the valued ecosystems currently protected in parks and reserves, but future climate change will redefine these conditions. Continued conservation as climate changes will require thinking differently about resource management than we have in the past; we present some logical steps and tools for doing so. Three critical tenets underpin future management plans and activities: (1) climate patterns of the past will not be the climate patterns of the future; (2) climate defines the environment and influences future trajectories of the distributions of species and their habitats; (3) specific management actions may help increase the resilience of some natural resources, but fundamental changes in species and their environment may be inevitable. Science-based management will be necessary because past experience may not serve as a guide for novel future conditions. Identifying resources and processes at risk, defining thresholds and reference conditions, and establishing monitoring and assessment programs are among the types of scientific practices needed to support a broadened portfolio of management activities. In addition to the control and hedging management strategies commonly in use today, we recommend adaptive management wherever possible. Adaptive management increases our ability to address the multiple scales at which species and processes function, and increases the speed of knowledge transfer among scientists and managers. Scenario planning provides a broad forward-thinking framework from which the most appropriate management tools can be chosen. The scope of climate change effects will require a shared vision among regional partners. Preparing for and adapting to climate change is as much a cultural and intellectual challenge as an ecological challenge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-009-9296-6","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Gunderson, L., Allen, C.D., Fleishman, E., McKenzie, D., Meyerson, L.A., Oropeza, J., and Stephenson, N.L., 2009, Options for national parks and reserves for adapting to climate change: Environmental Management, v. 44, p. 1033-1042, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9296-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1042","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9296-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e182ae4b0f5ce109fcaf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance","contributorId":30797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleishman, Erica","contributorId":11863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleishman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, Donald","contributorId":81792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyerson, Laura A.","contributorId":174048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyerson","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oropeza, Jill","contributorId":177937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oropeza","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70193768,"text":"70193768 - 2009 - Combined use of frequency‐domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate the freshwater/saltwater interface near saline lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, Nebraska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:48:26","indexId":"70193768","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5547,"text":"Proceedings of SAGEEP (Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems)","printIssn":"1554-8015","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Combined use of frequency‐domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate the freshwater/saltwater interface near saline lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, Nebraska, USA","docAbstract":"<div>We investigate the use of frequency‐domain electromagnetic (FDEM) and electrical resistivity (ER) surveys for rapid and detailed characterization of the direction of lake‐aquifer fluxes and the configuration of salt plumes generated from saline lakes. This methodology was developed and applied at several lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, Nebraska, in an area with both freshwater and saline lakes hydraulically connected to the freshwater surficial aquifer. The FDEM survey was conducted by mounting the instrument on a fiberglass cart towed by an all‐terrain vehicle. The towed FDEM surveys covered about 25 km per day and served as a reconnaissance method for choosing locations for the more quantitative and detailed ER surveys. Around the saline lakes, areas with high electrical conductivity are consistent with the regional direction of ground‐water flow. Lower electrical conductivity was measured around the freshwater lakes with anomalies correlating to a paleovalley axis inferred from previous studies. The efficacy of this geophysical approach is attributed to: (1) significant contrast in electrical conductivity between freshwater and saltwater, (2) near‐surface location of the freshwater/saltwater interface, (3) minimal cultural interference, and (4) relative homogeneity of the aquifer materials.<span></span><br></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2009","conferenceDate":"March 29 - April 2, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Fort Worth, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/1.3176693","issn":"1554-8015","isbn":"9781615670512","usgsCitation":"Ong, J., White, E.A., Lane, J.W., Halihan, T., and Zlotnik, V., 2009, Combined use of frequency‐domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate the freshwater/saltwater interface near saline lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, Nebraska, USA, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2009, Fort Worth, TX, March 29 - April 2, 2009, p. 178-187, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.3176693.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"187","ipdsId":"IP-010920","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Nebraska Sand 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,{"id":70193854,"text":"70193854 - 2009 - Chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies metamorphic rocks and associated pegmatites of East Antarctica and South India ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T15:29:38","indexId":"70193854","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies metamorphic rocks and associated pegmatites of East Antarctica and South India ","docAbstract":"<p>Electron microprobe data are presented for chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies rocks and associated pegmatites of the Napier Complex and Mawson Station charnockite in East Antarctica and from the Eastern Ghats, South India. Their compositions conform to the general formula for this group, <i>viz</i>. <i>A</i><sub>4</sub><i>BC</i><sub>2</sub><i>D</i><sub>2</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>22</sub> where, in the analysed specimens <i>A</i> = (rare-earth elements (<i>REE</i>), Ca, Y, Th), <i>B</i> = Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Mg, <i>C</i> = (Al, Mg, Ti, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Zr) and <i>D</i> = Ti and plot within the perrierite field of the total Fe (as FeO) (wt.%) <i>vs</i>. CaO (wt.%) discriminator diagram of Macdonald and Belkin (2002). In contrast to most chevkinite-group minerals, the <i>A</i> site shows unusual enrichment in the <i>MREE</i> and <i>HREE</i> relative to the <i>LREE</i> and Ca. In one sample from the Napier Complex, Y is the dominant cation among the total <i>REE</i> + Y in the <i>A</i> site, the first reported case of Y-dominance in the chevkinite group. The minerals include the most Al-rich yet reported in the chevkinite group (≤9.15 wt.% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), sufficient to fill the <i>C</i> site in two samples. Conversely, the amount of Ti in these samples does not fill the <i>D</i> site, and, thus, some of the Al could be making up the deficiency at <i>D</i>, a situation not previously reported in the chevkinite group. Fe abundances are low, requiring Mg to occupy up to 45% of the <i>B</i> site. The chevkinite-group minerals analysed originated from three distinct parageneses: (1) pegmatites containing hornblende and orthopyroxene or garnet; (2) orthopyroxene-bearing gneiss and granulite; (3) highly aluminous paragneisses in which the associated minerals are relatively magnesian or aluminous. Chevkinite-group minerals from the first two parageneses have relatively high FeO content and low MgO and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents; their compositions plot in the field for mafic and intermediate igneous rocks. In contrast, chevkinite-group minerals from the third paragenesis are notably more aluminous and have greater Mg/Fe ratios</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.149","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H.E., Macdonald, R., and Grew, E., 2009, Chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies metamorphic rocks and associated pegmatites of East Antarctica and South India : Mineralogical Magazine, v. 73, no. 1, p. 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.149.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"164","ipdsId":"IP-010833","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Antactica","volume":"73","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f85ee4b09af898c8ce14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macdonald, R.","contributorId":92402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grew, E.S.","contributorId":31401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grew","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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