{"pageNumber":"2068","pageRowStart":"51675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":1001233,"text":"1001233 - 1984 - Nest spacing, habitat selection, and behavior of waterfowl on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T15:51:04.682079","indexId":"1001233","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest spacing, habitat selection, and behavior of waterfowl on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The nesting behavior of a concentration of nesting mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) and gadwalls (<i>A. strepera</i>) was studied on a 4.5-ha island in Miller Lake, North Dakota, in 1977. A single 0.59-ha clump of thick shrub contained 225 simultaneously active mallard nests on 10 May. During the peak nesting period, mallard nests were spaced an average of 2.7 m from conspecifics. Active nests of all species peaked at 327, spaced an average of 2.1 m apart. Nests were clustered in thick shrub with moderate numbers in open shrub and few in grassland. Nest placement was significantly related to the amount of vegetative screening although mammalian predators were absent on the island. Cover density appeared to be important to the nesting hens as vegetation screened nests from potential avian predators and from harassment by other conspecific nesting hens and drakes. Mallards and gadwalls nesting on this island used wetlands in &gt;100 km2 around Miller Lake. During daylight hours in late April 1978, an average of 4.9 mallards/minute arrived at the island; a peak of 17.2 mallards/minute arrived at 0800. In late April 1978, as many as 26 mallard pairs/ha occurred on favored wetlands and behavioral aggression was intense. Yet, most mallard hens maintained adequate space to acquire food and other requisites. Mallards and gadwalls were sufficiently adaptable to successfully exploit the Miller Lake island and environments that resulted in high reproductive success. Other local breeding Anatidae because of behavioral constraints were unable to exploit the same situation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801163","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., Duebbert, H.F., and Sharp, D., 1984, Nest spacing, habitat selection, and behavior of waterfowl on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 2, p. 309-321, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801163.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"321","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Miller Lake 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db686126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, John T.","contributorId":15555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duebbert, Harold F.","contributorId":18041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebbert","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, David E.","contributorId":12592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120868,"text":"70120868 - 1984 - Refuge management analyses: levee alternatives at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T10:28:49","indexId":"70120868","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-01T10:25:01","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"W/AEAG-84/W06","title":"Refuge management analyses: levee alternatives at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents the results of a workshop that examined levee alternatives at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge. This refuge is located along the Mississippi River, approximately 50 miles north of St. Louis. It was purchased primarily for waterfowl maintenance. A levee providing flood protection from the Mississippi River has broken four times since the Refuge was acquired in 1965. A number of alternatives have been proposed in response to the most recent break in 1983. Long term alternatives considered at the workshop included:</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Improve the existing levee by raising the height approximately 2 ft.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Improve the existing levee by raising the height approximately 2 ft.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Maintain the levee at a lower elevation by including a spillway about 3 ft lower than the existing levee height.</p.\n<br/>\n<p>Do not maintain a levee so that the Refuge will flood directly with river stage.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Repair of the major breaks in the levee, but not the more general wave damage, was considered as a short term alternative.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Participants first specified the habitats and management controls desired at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge. These were centered around attaining the maximum feasible development and management of moist soil units. Levee alternatives were evaluated in terms of their ability to provide the desired habitats and management controls. Preliminary cost estimates were prepared for each alternative, and the qualitative consequences of each alternative identified for the full set of outputs from the Refuge Master Plan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The alternative of improving the existing levee by raising the height was unanimously preferred on purely “biological” grounds (with cost not considered). Repairing the levee with no change in elevation was unanimously selected as the most cost effective alternative.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., and Roelle, J.E., 1984, Refuge management analyses: levee alternatives at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge, 40 p.","productDescription":"40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.818333,39.251986 ], [ -90.818333,39.284954 ], [ -90.750087,39.284954 ], [ -90.750087,39.251986 ], [ -90.818333,39.251986 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25febe4b033341871894b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120852,"text":"70120852 - 1984 - Estimating the effect of hunting on annual survival rates of adult mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T17:00:02.257322","indexId":"70120852","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-01T09:23:09","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the effect of hunting on annual survival rates of adult mallards","docAbstract":"Management programs for waterfowl populations include rationale for, and establishment of, hunting regulations.  These programs rest partially on the results of scientific studies on the effect of harvest rates on annual survival rates.  The evidence of this relationship has changed markedly since the mid-1970's, and it is not widely believed that a largely compensatory relationship exists between hunting mortality and other forms of mortality for the mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>).  This paper employs a general probabilistic model formulated to include a parameter (b) representing a continuum between complete compensation (b=0) and total additivity (b=1).  Maximum likelihood estimates of this parameter were computer for 47 data sets of adult mallards banded throughout North American before hunting commenced.  We found additional evidence of a highly compensatory mortality process for adult male mallards, while the evidence for adults female mallards remains inconclusive.  Effective harvest, land acquisition, and land management programs depend upon additional information on the chronology and mechanisms underlying a compensatory mortality process.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3801166","usgsCitation":"Burnham, K.P., White, G.C., and Anderson, D.R., 1984, Estimating the effect of hunting on annual survival rates of adult mallards: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 2, p. 350-361, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801166.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"361","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488227,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3801166","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe4e4b0333418718917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":498470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185598,"text":"70185598 - 1984 - Reply to comments by MacIntyre and Smith on: Partition equilibria of nonionic organic compounds between soil-organic matter and water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:31:36","indexId":"70185598","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comments by MacIntyre and Smith on: Partition equilibria of nonionic organic compounds between soil-organic matter and water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00122a018","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Porter, P.E., and Shoup, T.D., 1984, Reply to comments by MacIntyre and Smith on: Partition equilibria of nonionic organic compounds between soil-organic matter and water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 295-297, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00122a018.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"295","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303de4b05ec79913110d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, Paul E.","contributorId":189805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoup, Thomas D.","contributorId":189806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shoup","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199726,"text":"70199726 - 1984 - Dynamics of added nitrate and phosphate compared in a northern California woodland stream ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T12:32:40","indexId":"70199726","displayToPublicDate":"1984-02-01T12:32:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of added nitrate and phosphate compared in a northern California woodland stream ","docAbstract":"<p><span>Injections of NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;were made during September 1975 into Little Lost Man Creek, a small pristine stream in Redwood National Park, California. Chloride, a conservative constituent, was added in a known ratio to the nutrients. Nutrient loss at a downstream point was calculated using concentration of added Cl as a reference. Nitrate nitrogen (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>‐N), added for 4 h, reached 920 μg/1 (above 5 μg/1 background) just below the injection point, but increased only to 405 μg/1 at 310 m downstream. The concentration decrease was attributed to dispersion and to uptake by stream biota. Percent of NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>‐N lost decreased with increasing concentration of NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>‐N. Phosphate phosphorus (PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>‐P) was added a week after the NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>‐N for 3 h, causing a concentration increase of 296 μg/1 (above 13 μg/1 background) just below the injection point, of 161 μg/1 at 90 m downstream, and of 98 μg/1 at 310 m. Percent loss of PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>‐P at downstream sites increased with increasing PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>‐P concentration and also for a short period after peak concentration occurred, but then decreased as PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>‐P concentration continued decreasing. Differences in stream response to added NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>‐N and PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>‐P are attributed to differing rates of reaction with biota and differing degrees of interaction with abiotic stream solids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04646.x","usgsCitation":"Sebetich, M.J., Kennedy, V.C., Zand, S.M., Avanzino, R.J., and Zellweger, G.W., 1984, Dynamics of added nitrate and phosphate compared in a northern California woodland stream : Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 20, no. 1, p. 93-101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04646.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United states","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Little Lost Man Creek, Redwood National Park","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebetich, Michael J.","contributorId":208200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebetich","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zand, S. Marc","contributorId":104923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zand","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70207908,"text":"70207908 - 1984 - Ultrathin lava layers exposed near San Luis Obispo Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T14:33:25","indexId":"70207908","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-17T14:24:58","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultrathin lava layers exposed near San Luis Obispo Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sequences of extraordinarily thin (1–5 cm thick) lava layers, resembling individual lava flows, are interbedded with Jurassic and Cretaceous pillowed lava flows near San Luis Obispo Bay on the California coast. Such layers are formed inside submarine pillowed lava pipes or flow lobes. As the lava surface in a pillow pipe falls to a lower level owing to diminished supply entering the pipe, water enters the upper compartment through cracks in the outer crust and chills a new crust on top of the lava stream. Repeated lowerings of the lava level in the pipe create a series of discrete lava shelves, each of which represents the upper crust of the lava stream flowing within the pipe. These crusts are supported at different levels on their edges at the side of the pipe. The weight of subsequent overlying lava flows collapses the partly hollow tube, creating a stacked sequence of ultrathin lava layers progressively younger downward.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<542:ULLENS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Charlton, D., 1984, Ultrathin lava layers exposed near San Luis Obispo Bay, California: Geology, v. 12, no. 9, p. 542-545, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<542:ULLENS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"542","endPage":"545","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Obispo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.11053466796875,\n              35.068221159859256\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              35.068221159859256\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              35.48751102385376\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11053466796875,\n              35.48751102385376\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11053466796875,\n              35.068221159859256\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlton, D.W.","contributorId":221678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlton","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207881,"text":"70207881 - 1984 - Introduction and digest to the Special Issue on Chemical Effects of Water on the Deformation and Strengths of Rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T15:04:55.823218","indexId":"70207881","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-16T12:59:57","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction and digest to the Special Issue on Chemical Effects of Water on the Deformation and Strengths of Rocks","docAbstract":"<p><span>The important role of pore pressure in promoting such brittle processes as cataclasis, hydraulic fracturing, large‐scale faulting, and earthquakes within the crust is widely accepted in geology and geophysics [, 1957; , 1959; , 1958; ., 1963; , 1968; ., 1968; ., 1976; , 1973, 1980; , 1981]. Provided that fluid pressure is fully communicated with rock pore space, the effective normal stresses that control crack growth, macroscopic fracture, and friction are reduced by the magnitude of the fluid pressui'e. Beyond this physical effect of pore fluids, there are chemical effects of water on the strength of rocks that are also important in governing differential stresseg and flow in the continental crust. Some of these chemical effects of water on rock deformation have long been recognized.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB06p03991","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S.H., 1984, Introduction and digest to the Special Issue on Chemical Effects of Water on the Deformation and Strengths of Rocks: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B6, p. 3991-3995, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB06p03991.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3991","endPage":"3995","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207878,"text":"70207878 - 1984 - Experimental deformation of topaz crystals: Possible embrittlement by intracrystalline water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T12:56:11","indexId":"70207878","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-16T12:43:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental deformation of topaz crystals: Possible embrittlement by intracrystalline water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Crystallographically oriented single‐crystal prisms of gem quality topaz (composition AlSiO (OH− F) where x = 0.04 ± 0.01) were deformed at a confining pressure of 1.50 GPa, a temperature of 800°C, and a strain rate of 2×10 s. Under nearly identical conditions, all crystals of anhydrous rock‐forming minerals that have been tested to date, such as olivine, quartz, feldspars, pyroxenes, and refractory oxides, deform plastically; in contrast, our topaz crystals failed by brittle fracture regardless of the orientation of the compression direction. No optical evidence for plastic deformation was detected. Another suite of experiments with compression perpendicular to the (001) cleavage at = 100°–950°C and a strain rate of 2×10 s displayed two regimes of behavior: (1) at &gt;400°C, fracture strength was independent of temperature, and fracture occurred on one or two surfaces parallel to {103}; (2) at &lt;400°C, the fracture strength increased rapidly with decreasing temperature, no macroscopic stress drop was observed, and many closely spaced conjugate fractures formed on (103) and (103). The anomalous brittleness of topaz compared to anhydrous silicate and oxide crystals indicates that intracrystalline “water” plays a role in the embrittlement. We suggest that water within the topaz crystals promotes fracture in ways similar to the mechanisms of slow crack growth aided by environmental moisture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB06p04161","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., and Kirby, S.H., 1984, Experimental deformation of topaz crystals: Possible embrittlement by intracrystalline water: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B6, p. 4161-4166, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB06p04161.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4161","endPage":"4166","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207800,"text":"70207800 - 1984 - Geologic evolution, sedimentation, and paleoenvironments of the Angola Basin and adjacent Walvis Ridge: Synthesis of results of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 75","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T14:52:23.573871","indexId":"70207800","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-13T11:31:22","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic evolution, sedimentation, and paleoenvironments of the Angola Basin and adjacent Walvis Ridge: Synthesis of results of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 75","docAbstract":"<p>The section recovered at Site 530 (Holes 53OA and 530B) consists of eight sedimentary units and one basalt unit. The composition of the basalt recovered in Hole 53OA is distinct from typical mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) but is similar to that of Hawaiian tholeiites and basalt from the central part of Walvis Ridge. Throughout most of its history, the southern Angola Basin received large volumes of redeposited material in the form of turbidites and, most recently, debris-flow deposits. Most of this material was derived from Walvis Ridge to the south, but thickness trends of acoustic units suggest that some of the sediment was derived from the African continental margin to the east.</p><p> The basal sedimentary unit (Albian to Santonian) at Site 530 contains 262 beds of black shale that are interbedded with green and red claystone. Black shale makes up less than 10% of the total section, but in two cores of early Turonian age, black shale beds compose about 50% of the section. The black shales contain up to 19% organic carbon (average of about 5%) that is mainly of autochthonous marine origin but with significant contributions from terrigenous organic matter. The origin of these more- and less-reduced interbedded lithologies with varying amounts and types of organic matter, and variable amounts of pelagic, hemipelagic, and turbiditic sediment is complex and cannot be explained by any one simple process. Many factors affecting the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters of the Angola Basin varied throughout the middle Cretaceous to produce bottom-water conditions that fluctuated between mildly oxic and oxygen-deficient, but most of the time bottom-waters and sediment-interstitial waters were sufficiently oxic to permit the accumulation of red oxidized sediment.</p><p> A relatively complete sedimentary record of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary was recovered within a sequence of mudstone and marlstone turbidites in Hole 530A. There is a significant increase in the concentration of iridium above background levels at the boundary. High concentrations of many other elements also occur within the same stratigraphic interval as the iridium anomaly. Furthermore, there is a marked decrease in CaCO3 in the Tertiary strata above the iridium anomaly which suggests that the production of shallow-water carbonate also may have been affected by whatever caused elevated concentrations of iridium and other elements. These observations are consistent with the asteroid-impact theory proposed to explain the worldwide occurrence of an iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. </p><p>The Cenozoic history of the Angola Basin was controlled mainly by (1) restriction of bottom-water flow from the south by Walvis Ridge; (2) development of glaciation on Antarctica; (3) opening of circulation passages in the southern oceans; (4) rapid turnover of cold, nutrient-rich waters that resulted in high productivity of diatoms; (5) influx of terrigenous sediment mainly by turbidity currents; and (6) production and preservation of carbonate sediment. The most distinctive Cenozoic event recorded in the section at Site 530 is the beginning of extensive glaciation on Anarctica and concomitant initiation of modern thermohaline bottom-water circulation that is manifested as a middle Eocene to middle Oligocene unconformity or compressed section accompanied by a drastic decrease in accumulation of CaCO3. Diatom abundances in HPC cores from Walvis Ridge (Site 532) and Angola Basin (Hole 53OB) indicate that Benguela upwelling in these areas began in the late Miocene, reached a peak in the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene, and declined thereafter. Short-term variations in sediment composition at Site 532 are manifested as cyclic variations in concentrations of clay, CaCO3, and organic carbon with average periodicities of about 30-60 k.y. The main variability that produced the cycles probably was the influx of terrigenous clastic material which diluted the CaCO3. The sediment at Site 532 also contains several percent organic carbon that is dominantly of marine origin, but with significant terrigenous components. </p><p>Data from multichannel seismic, gravity, and magnetic surveys were used to define the regional stratigraphic and structural evolution of Walvis Ridge and adjacent Cape and Angola basins. Six structural provinces are recognized, four on Walvis Ridge and two additional provinces that correspond to the Cape and Angola basins. The two eastern structural provinces on Walvis Ridge are underlain by continental crust. The two western structural provinces are underlain by oceanic basement. Two main directions of faults are evident in seismic profiles, one trending N 10° and one trending N 60°. The N 60° trend corresponds to the general orientation of the northern and southern flanks of Walvis Ridge as well as to the dominant direction of fracture zones. </p><p>During the first phase of separation of Africa from South America (ca. 120-130 m.y. ago), a voluminous mass of volcanics was emplaced simultaneous with the emplacement of basalt in the Parana Basin of Brazil and the Kaokoveld Region of South Africa. This period of volcanism also formed the series of seaward-dipping internal basement reflectors that are characteristic of the two structural provinces of Walvis Ridge. A system of fault blocks developed in the brittle upper part of the newly formed crust. During the second phase of rifting, which ended before late Aptian, more tilted fault blocks were created in the upper brittle stratified continental crust. Magnetic lineations in basement rocks in the Angola and Cape basins in the vicinity of Walvis Ridge are not distinct but suggest that oceanic crust began to be emplaced between 120 and 112 m.y. ago (Barremian to early Aptian). At least part of the oceanic crust of the central plateau of eastern Walvis Ridge (structural province 3) may have been emplaced before any oceanic crust formed in the adjacent basins. A ridge jump occurred during the late Aptian to early Albian in the southern part of the Angola Basin which translated the previously formed oceanic crust and its overlying evaporite deposits on the South American side. Several ridge jumps occurred on both sides of Walvis Ridge during the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary to produce a 500-km-long segment of mid-ocean ridge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.109.1984","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Hay, W., and Sibuet, J., 1984, Geologic evolution, sedimentation, and paleoenvironments of the Angola Basin and adjacent Walvis Ridge: Synthesis of results of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 75: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 75, p. 509-544, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.109.1984.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.109.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Locations of dredge CH 18-DR06 and DSDP drill sites","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              -24.986058021167594\n            ],\n            [\n              16.89697265625,\n              -24.986058021167594\n            ],\n            [\n              16.89697265625,\n              -17.035777250427184\n            ],\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              -17.035777250427184\n            ],\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              -24.986058021167594\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, W.W.","contributorId":221650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hay","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28140,"text":"UC Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibuet, Jean-Claude","contributorId":221651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sibuet","given":"Jean-Claude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207799,"text":"70207799 - 1984 - Origin and geochemistry of Cretaceous deep-sea black shales and multicolored claystones, with emphasis on Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530, southern Angola Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T06:48:14","indexId":"70207799","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-13T11:03:23","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and geochemistry of Cretaceous deep-sea black shales and multicolored claystones, with emphasis on Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530, southern Angola Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Deep-water sedimentary sequences of mid-Cretaceous age, rich in organic carbon, have been recovered at many DSDP sites in the Atlantic Ocean. Most of these sequences have a marked cyclicity in amount of organic carbon resulting in interbedded multicolored shale, marlstone, and (or) limestone that have cycle periods of 20,000 to 100,000 years and average 40,000 to 50,000 years. These cycles may be related to some climatic control on influx of terrigenous organic matter and sediment, rates of upwelling and sea-surface production of organic matter, and preservation of organic matter related to deeper-water dissolved oxygen concentration. These variations in supply of organic matter had pronounced effects on the potential of the sediment for subsequent diagenetic changes and geochemical partitioning in adjacent beds. </p><p>Many trace elements are enriched in organic-carbon-rich lithologies relative to interbedded organic-carbon-poor lithologies. Elements that are most commonly enriched are Cr, Ni, V, Cu, Zn, and Mo. The association of high traceelement concentrations with organic matter may be the result of concentration of these elements by organisms or by chemical sorption and precipitation processes under anoxic conditions. Detailed trace-element profiles from organiccarbon-rich strata at Site 530 suggest that there may be differential mobility of trace elements, with diffusion of some elements over distances of at least tens of meters. The sequence of trace-element mobility, from highest to lowest, is approximately Ba, Mn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, V, Cd, and Mo. Slowly deposited, oxidized clays directly overlying some black shale sequences are enriched in some metals, particularly Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu, relative to normal pelagic clays, and this enrichment may be the result of upward migration of metals in pore waters during compaction or diffusion from the underlying black shale. </p><p>Most depositional models that have been used to explain the accumulation of the organic-carbon-rich strata imply that reducing conditions in the sediments (and therefore the increased degree of preservation of organic matter) were the result of anoxic or near-anoxic conditions in oceanic bottom waters, or in a midwater oxygen-minimum zone. Evidence from several DSDP sites in the Atlantic, however, indicate that some of these middle Cretaceous \"black shale\" beds may be the result of variations in rate of supply of organic matter that produced anoxia or near-anoxia within midwater oxygen-minimum zones and possibly, under extreme conditions, throughout much of the bottomwater mass. Although bottom-water anoxia may have occurred during periods of organic-carbon-rich strata, it was not necessarily the only cause for accumulation of these strata. The main reason for the accumulation of organic-carbonrich strata was an increase in the relative amount of organic debris being deposited. Some of this organic debris was derived from continental-margin areas of increased production, accumulation, and preservation of organic matter from marine, terrestrial, or mixed sources and transported to slope and basinal sites by turbidity currents. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.121.1984","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Arthur, M., and Stow, D., 1984, Origin and geochemistry of Cretaceous deep-sea black shales and multicolored claystones, with emphasis on Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530, southern Angola Basin: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 75, p. 819-844, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.121.1984.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"844","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.121.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Site 530","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              -24.986058021167594\n            ],\n            [\n              16.89697265625,\n              -24.986058021167594\n            ],\n            [\n              16.89697265625,\n              -17.035777250427184\n            ],\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              -17.035777250427184\n            ],\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              -24.986058021167594\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.V.","contributorId":35441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207797,"text":"70207797 - 1984 - Middle Cretaceous black shales at Site 530 in the southeastern Angola Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T14:26:20.080547","indexId":"70207797","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-13T10:36:31","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Cretaceous black shales at Site 530 in the southeastern Angola Basin","docAbstract":"<p>The middle Cretaceous black shale interval at Site 530 is 170 m thick and late Albian to Coniacian in age. The organic-carbon-rich sediments occur as 260 separate beds (average 4 cm, maximum 60 cm thick) and make up less than 10% of the recovered section. Associated lithologies are greenish, grayish, and reddish mudstones, marlstones, and rare limestones. Organic-carbon contents of the black shales average about 5% (maximum 16%), and of the interbedded sediments, less than 0.5%. Careful study of the sedimentary and biogenic structures and composition and review of paleoceanographic conditions in the Angola Basin indicate that a complex interplay of processes controlled black shale accumulation. Relatively low oxygen concentrations in sediment and bottom waters occurred periodically, and conditions locally may have been anoxic or near anoxic both in the basin and on the continental margin. Pelagic, hemipelagic, and turbiditic depositional processes all operated to varying degrees at different times.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M D.S.D.P.","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.120.1984","usgsCitation":"Stow, D., and Dean, W.E., 1984, Middle Cretaceous black shales at Site 530 in the southeastern Angola Basin: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 75, no. 2, p. 809-817, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.120.1984.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"817","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.75.120.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Drilling Site 530, 531, 532","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              1.2744140625,\n              -22.87744046489713\n            ],\n            [\n              14.5458984375,\n              -22.87744046489713\n            ],\n            [\n              14.5458984375,\n              -10.660607953624762\n            ],\n            [\n              1.2744140625,\n              -10.660607953624762\n            ],\n            [\n              1.2744140625,\n              -22.87744046489713\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stow, D.A.","contributorId":44336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207758,"text":"70207758 - 1984 - Shimada Seamount: An example of recent mid-plate volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T14:29:39.079206","indexId":"70207758","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-09T13:34:15","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shimada Seamount: An example of recent mid-plate volcanism","docAbstract":"<p>Shimada Seamount is an isolated volcanic feature located between the Clipperton and Clarion Fracture Zones ∼1,150 km west of the East Pacific Rise and ∼600 km west of the inactive spreading center represented by the Mathematician Seamounts. It rises ∼3,900 m above the surrounding sea floor to within 50 m of present-day sea level. The area of Shimada Seamount should be volcanically dormant, because it is far from an active spreading center and is located on oceanic crust of early Miocene age. Nevertheless, evidence was found that Shimada Seamount has formed geologically recently. For example, seismic-reflection profiles-indicate that virtually no sediment has accumulated on the summit or flanks of the seamount; television, still-camera, and dredge-haul data indicate that a platform near the summit at a water depth of ∼180 m is a carbonate build-up formed by coralline red algae attached to fresh pillow basalt. Glassy pillow basalt too young to date by the K/Ar method and showing little or no devitrification and lacking manganese encrustations was dredged from the seamount below the algal reefs (500–750 m). Several cores taken from the adjacent basin (∼3,900 m deep) contain fresh glassy basalt detritus, and one core sampled a thin flow of unaltered basaltic glass at the sediment surface.</p><p>The origin and history of Shimada Seamount differ importantly from volcanoes generally thought to form at spreading centers, along transform faults, or at hot spots. The existence of Shimada Seamount, therefore, has implications about tectonic processes that occur in interplate regions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<855:SSAEOR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Dean, W.E., and Blakely, R.J., 1984, Shimada Seamount: An example of recent mid-plate volcanism: GSA Bulletin, v. 95, p. 855-862, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<855:SSAEOR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"862","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Shimada Seamount","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.65234374999999,\n              14.859850400601037\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              14.859850400601037\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              21.861498734372567\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.65234374999999,\n              21.861498734372567\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.65234374999999,\n              14.859850400601037\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J. V.","contributorId":114111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207757,"text":"70207757 - 1984 - Models for the deposition of Mesozoic-Cenozoic fine-grained organic-carbon-rich sediment in the deep sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T06:34:05","indexId":"70207757","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-09T13:13:29","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5011,"text":"Geological Society of London Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models for the deposition of Mesozoic-Cenozoic fine-grained organic-carbon-rich sediment in the deep sea","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-2\">The widespread occurrence of organic-carbon-rich strata (‘black shales’) in certain portions of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic sequences has been well-documented from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and from sequences, now exposed on land, originally deposited in the Tethyan ocean. These ancient black shales usually have been explained by analogy with examples of modern deep-sea sediments in which organic matter locally is preserved by (1) increasing the supply of organic matter, (2) increasing the rate of sedimentation, and/or (3) decreasing the oxygen content of the bottom water. However, detailed examination of many black shales reveals characteristics that cannot be explained by simple local models, including: their approximate coincidence in time globally; their occurrence in a variety of different environments, including open oxygenated oceans, restricted basins, deep and shallow water; their interbedding with organic-carbonpoor strata which often dominate a so-called black shale sequence; their deposition by pelagic, hemipelagic, turbiditic and other processes; and the variations in type and amount of organic matter that occur even within the same sequence.</p><p id=\"p-3\">A more complex model for the origin of black shales therefore appears most appropriate, in which the cyclic preservation of organic matter depends on the interplay of the three main variables, namely supply of organic matter, sedimentation rate, and deep-water oxygenation, each of which varies independently to some extent. The variation and relative importance of these parameters in individual basins and widespread black shale deposition in general are linked globally and temporally by changes in global sea-level, climate and related changes in oceanic circulation. An important and often overlooked factor for the supply of organic matter to deep-basin sediments is the frequency and magnitude of redepositional processes. The interplay of these variables is discussed in relation to the middle Cretaceous and Cenozoic organic-carbon-rich strata, in particular, which show marked differences in the relative importance of the different variables.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.015.01.34","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M., Dean, W.E., and Stow, D., 1984, Models for the deposition of Mesozoic-Cenozoic fine-grained organic-carbon-rich sediment in the deep sea: Geological Society of London Special Publications, v. 15, p. 527-560, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.015.01.34.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"560","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.V.","contributorId":35441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006428,"text":"70006428 - 1984 - Flow-through bioassay for measuring bioaccumulation of toxic substances from sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T15:08:37","indexId":"70006428","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA-905/3-84-007","title":"Flow-through bioassay for measuring bioaccumulation of toxic substances from sediment","docAbstract":"<p>Over 10 million cubic meters of sediment are dredged annually from Great Lakes waterways. Because much of this material is taken from harbors, connecting channels, and other nearshore areas that often are contaminated with toxic substances, the sediments proposed for dredging need to be evaluated for the presence of bioavailable contaminants and the potential for toxicity to the biota. Sound decisions on the appropriate disposal of the dredged material can be made only after such an evaluation. Presently, no standardized procedure exists for evaluating dredged material in freshwater systems although current criteria for discharge of dredged material into marine water have been developed (USEPA/CE 1977). In the ocean discharge guideline, it is recommended that bioassays be conducted on liquid, solid, and suspended particulate phases of dredged material. because it appears that the solid phase has the greatest potential for environmental damage and because measurement of bioaccumulation must be made to evaluate sediments for disposal (USEPA/CE 1977, Seeyle and Mac 1983), we developed a bioassay for testing the solid phase of dredged material that measures the survival of organisms and, perhaps more important, the bioaccumulation of toxic substances by aquatic organisms from naturally contaminated sediments (Peddicord et al. 1980; Rubinstein et al. 1980, 1983; Seeyle st al. 1982), several have used testing methods that result in unacceptable mortality to control organisms (Bahnick et al. 1981, Prater et al. 1983).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Our bioassay is intended to estimate the potential for bioaccumlation of contaminants from sediments that are not acutely toxic to test organisms, but are suspected of containing persistent contaminants. By using test organisms that are not highly susceptible to toxic compounds, the bioaccumulation test allows estimation of the potential food-chain accumulation of contaminants that may occur in local biota from surficial sediments. In practice, bioaccumulation observed in this bioassay by organisms exposed to test sediments (sediments to be dredged) would be compared to bioaccumulation observed from sediments collected from a reference site (e.g. a disposal site or open lake), and also from control sediments (relatively clean sediment). Decisions could then be based on a comparison of results between tests and reference sediments to determine if disposal would cause dehydration to the habitat, and between reference and control sediment to determine if even the reference material is seriously contaminated. Although the test is not intended to be a toxicity test per se, use of test, reference, and control sediments enables interpretation of any mortality of organisms that may occur during the bioassays. High mortality in bioassays with test or reference sediment would indicate acute toxicity of sediments in the project area. However if high mortality occurs in all three sediments, it can be assumed that the organisms were not in a healthy state at the time of testing.</p>\n<br>\n<p>We describe the results of 10-day sediment bioassays in which both mortality and bioaccumulation were measured in four aquatic organisms. We exposed two infaunal organisms and two species of fish to test and control sediments in the laboratory.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","usgsCitation":"Mac, M.J., Edsall, C., Hesselberg, R.J., and Sayers, R.E., 1984, Flow-through bioassay for measuring bioaccumulation of toxic substances from sediment, vi, 17 p.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287836,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/200071QP.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1981%20Thru%201985&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C81THRU85%5CTXT%5C00000002%5C200071QP.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=p%7Cf&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538856fbe4b0318b93124a8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, Carol C.","contributorId":39726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Carol C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sayers, Richard E. Jr.","contributorId":58570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayers","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170251,"text":"70170251 - 1984 - Geohydrology and hydrochemistry of aquifers in Cretaceous rocks, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:21:55","indexId":"70170251","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geohydrology and hydrochemistry of aquifers in Cretaceous rocks, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geohydrology of the Dakota aquifer, C.V. Theis Conferences on Geohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Theis Conferences on Geohydrology","conferenceDate":"October 5-6, 1982","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE","language":"English","publisher":"National Water Well Association","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NE","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H.W., and Ruhl, J.F., 1984, Geohydrology and hydrochemistry of aquifers in Cretaceous rocks, Minnesota, <i>in</i> Geohydrology of the Dakota aquifer, C.V. Theis Conferences on Geohydrology, Lincoln, NE, October 5-6, 1982, p. 27-37.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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W. Jr.","contributorId":11187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221942,"text":"5221942 - 1984 - Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:45:37.39864","indexId":"5221942","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T12:19:21","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs","docAbstract":"<p>Results are reported for the embryotoxicity of 42 environmental contaminants applied externally to mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) eggs including crude and refined petroleum, and commercial formulations of herbicides and insecticides. Many of the petroleum pollutants were embryotoxic and moderately teratogenic and had <i>LD</i><sub>50</sub><i>s</i>&nbsp;of 0.3 to 5 μl per egg (∼6–90 μg/g egg). The most toxic was a commercial oil used for control of road dust followed by South Louisiana crude oil, Kuwait crude, no. 2 fuel oil, bunker C fuel oil, and industrial and automotive waste oil. Prudhoe Bay crude, unused crankcase oil, aviation kerosene, and aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures were less toxic (<i>LD</i><sub>50</sub><i>s</i>&nbsp;of 18 to over 75 μl) and less teratogenic.</p><p>The <i>LC</i><sub>50</sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of herbicides and insecticides in aqueous emulsion were measured by egg immersion; the most toxic were paraquat and trifluralin (<i>LC</i><sub>50</sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of about 1.5 Ibs/A; 1.7 kg/ha). Propanil, bromoxynil with MCPA, methyl diclofop, prometon, endrin, sulprofos, and parathion were toxic (<i>LC</i><sub>50</sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 7 to 40 Ibs/A; 7.8–44.8 kg/ha), whereas 2,4-D, glyphosate, atrazine, carbaryl, dalapon, dicamba, methomyl, and phosmet were only slightly toxic or not toxic (<i>LC</i><sub>50</sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 178 to over 500 Ibs/A; 199–560 kg/ha).</p><p>Pesticides in nontoxic oil vehicle applied by microliter pipet were up to 18 times more toxic than when applied in water vehicle, which was probably due to better penetration of the pesticide past the eggshell and its membranes. Teratogenic effects and impaired embryonic growth are reported and results discussed in terms of potential hazard at field levels of application. A discussion is provided on the effects of pollutants on the eggs of other species of birds under laboratory and field conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055642","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., and Albers, P.H., 1984, Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 15-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055642.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fac39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albers, Peter H.","contributorId":112805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231443,"text":"70231443 - 1984 - Remote sensing and geophysical investigations of glacial buried valleys in northeastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T17:15:42.372549","indexId":"70231443","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T11:58:32","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing and geophysical investigations of glacial buried valleys in northeastern Kansas","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Aquifers found in glacial buried valleys are a major source of good-quality ground water in northeastern Kansas. The extent and character of many of these deposits are not precisely known, so a detailed study of the buried valleys was undertaken. Test drilling, Landsat imagery, shallow-earth temperature measurements, seismic refraction, surface electrical resistivity, and gravity data were used to evaluate two sites in Nemaha and Jefferson Counties. Tonal patterns on springtime Landsat imagery and winter/summer anomalies in shallow-earth temperatures were quick and inexpensive methods for locating some glacial buried aquifers and suggested areas for more intensive field studies. Reversed seismic refraction and resistivity surveys were generally reliable indicators of the presence or absence of glacial buried valleys, with most depth determinations being within 25% of test-drilling results. The effectiveness of expensive test-hole drilling was greatly increased by integrating remote sensing, shallow-earth temperature, seismic, and resistivity techniques in the two buried valley test areas. A gravity profile allowed precise definition of the extent of one of the channels after the other techniques had been used for general information.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01476.x","usgsCitation":"Denne, J.E., Yarger, H.L., Macfarlane, P.A., Knapp, R.W., Sophocleous, M.A., Lucas, J.R., and Steeples, D.W., 1984, Remote sensing and geophysical investigations of glacial buried valleys in northeastern Kansas: Groundwater, v. 22, no. 1, p. 56-65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01476.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Atchison County, Brown County, Doniphan County, Douglas County, Jackson County, Jefferson County, Johnson County, Leavenworth County, Marshall County, Nemaha County, Pottawatomie County, Riley County, Shawnee County, Wabaunsee County, Washington County, Wyandotte County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.055,39.6239],[-95.0552,39.6218],[-95.0524,39.6165],[-95.0508,39.612],[-95.0486,39.6078],[-95.0461,39.6007],[-95.0467,39.5973],[-95.0505,39.5902],[-95.0539,39.5865],[-95.0575,39.5836],[-95.0621,39.5814],[-95.0745,39.5784],[-95.0811,39.5791],[-95.0852,39.5802],[-95.0902,39.5821],[-95.095,39.5825],[-95.1037,39.5812],[-95.108,39.5786],[-95.1117,39.5746],[-95.1153,39.5666],[-95.1157,39.5607],[-95.1149,39.5553],[-95.1103,39.545],[-95.1046,39.5359],[-95.0948,39.5274],[-95.0771,39.5157],[-95.0692,39.5118],[-95.0619,39.5074],[-95.0566,39.5037],[-95.0532,39.4995],[-95.051,39.4949],[-95.0493,39.4896],[-95.0491,39.4837],[-95.0484,39.48],[-95.0464,39.4742],[-95.0433,39.4689],[-95.0399,39.4651],[-95.0346,39.4617],[-95.0066,39.4524],[-94.9913,39.4479],[-94.9876,39.4454],[-94.9849,39.4432],[-94.9819,39.4365],[-94.9805,39.432],[-94.9774,39.4271],[-94.9746,39.4234],[-94.9682,39.4191],[-94.9542,39.4147],[-94.9494,39.4108],[-94.9462,39.4072],[-94.9462,39.4032],[-94.9467,39.3996],[-94.946,39.3964],[-94.9434,39.3919],[-94.9388,39.3888],[-94.9307,39.3849],[-94.9241,39.385],[-94.9135,39.3884],[-94.9077,39.3907],[-94.8982,39.3923],[-94.8934,39.3915],[-94.8893,39.3888],[-94.886,39.3849],[-94.8832,39.3804],[-94.8822,39.3768],[-94.8838,39.3722],[-94.8861,39.3692],[-94.9024,39.3587],[-94.904,39.357],[-94.906,39.3534],[-94.9073,39.3498],[-94.9085,39.345],[-94.9083,39.3396],[-94.906,39.3237],[-94.9026,39.3125],[-94.8966,39.3023],[-94.8877,39.2907],[-94.875,39.2822],[-94.864,39.2764],[-94.8508,39.2717],[-94.8423,39.2664],[-94.8323,39.2556],[-94.8281,39.2486],[-94.8283,39.2405],[-94.8304,39.2346],[-94.8342,39.2311],[-94.8374,39.2244],[-94.8365,39.2203],[-94.8306,39.2159],[-94.825,39.2122],[-94.8167,39.2094],[-94.8095,39.2081],[-94.8024,39.2083],[-94.7971,39.2088],[-94.7872,39.2075],[-94.7821,39.2028],[-94.7799,39.1996],[-94.7765,39.1956],[-94.7739,39.1906],[-94.7699,39.1861],[-94.7602,39.1781],[-94.7551,39.1751],[-94.7486,39.1723],[-94.7407,39.1708],[-94.7335,39.1701],[-94.725,39.1698],[-94.7161,39.1704],[-94.7086,39.1714],[-94.7028,39.1745],[-94.6942,39.1802],[-94.6899,39.1819],[-94.6816,39.1825],[-94.674,39.1824],[-94.6692,39.1807],[-94.6628,39.1779],[-94.6612,39.1755],[-94.6607,39.1728],[-94.6615,39.1697],[-94.6628,39.1674],[-94.6629,39.1652],[-94.6613,39.1624],[-94.6584,39.1596],[-94.6506,39.1557],[-94.6456,39.1547],[-94.6391,39.1544],[-94.6316,39.156],[-94.6277,39.1573],[-94.6228,39.1579],[-94.6181,39.1592],[-94.6127,39.16],[-94.6044,39.16],[-94.602,39.1596],[-94.5984,39.1579],[-94.596,39.1548],[-94.5931,39.1489],[-94.5927,39.1453],[-94.5942,39.139],[-94.5975,39.1336],[-94.6013,39.1297],[-94.6083,39.1204],[-94.6075,39.0437],[-94.6082,38.8463],[-94.6102,38.7376],[-95.0572,38.7395],[-95.5006,38.7383],[-95.5016,38.8703],[-95.9468,38.8712],[-95.9479,38.7402],[-96.3905,38.7404],[-96.3897,38.827],[-96.5014,38.8275],[-96.5008,38.8719],[-96.5044,39.0424],[-96.5018,39.0705],[-96.7063,39.0722],[-96.7064,39.0926],[-96.7129,39.0905],[-96.7177,39.0905],[-96.7231,39.0888],[-96.7261,39.0852],[-96.7338,39.0835],[-96.7417,39.0791],[-96.7486,39.0864],[-96.8518,39.0865],[-96.8507,39.1327],[-96.8499,39.2188],[-96.9622,39.2203],[-96.9609,39.3082],[-96.9638,39.5667],[-97.3683,39.5678],[-97.3687,40.0035],[-96.9184,40.0023],[-96.4636,40.0026],[-96.2381,40.0014],[-95.5455,40.0016],[-95.4508,40.0006],[-95.4394,40.0008],[-95.3397,40.0006],[-95.308,39.9999],[-95.3092,39.9938],[-95.306,39.988],[-95.3002,39.9833],[-95.2944,39.9795],[-95.2778,39.9736],[-95.2655,39.9662],[-95.2605,39.9599],[-95.2564,39.9559],[-95.253,39.9519],[-95.2468,39.948],[-95.2407,39.9454],[-95.2359,39.944],[-95.2292,39.9434],[-95.222,39.9435],[-95.2167,39.9441],[-95.21,39.9429],[-95.2063,39.9411],[-95.2016,39.9331],[-95.1998,39.9272],[-95.2008,39.9204],[-95.2029,39.9182],[-95.2049,39.9146],[-95.2062,39.9115],[-95.2063,39.9089],[-95.2032,39.9058],[-95.1934,39.9006],[-95.1864,39.8991],[-95.1796,39.8991],[-95.1719,39.9015],[-95.1615,39.9062],[-95.1565,39.9073],[-95.1511,39.9078],[-95.1456,39.9057],[-95.143,39.903],[-95.1416,39.8953],[-95.1415,39.8917],[-95.1408,39.8876],[-95.1388,39.8836],[-95.1363,39.8806],[-95.1316,39.8773],[-95.1277,39.8757],[-95.1192,39.8731],[-95.1151,39.8714],[-95.1039,39.8679],[-95.098,39.8654],[-95.0867,39.8638],[-95.0763,39.8631],[-95.0596,39.8635],[-95.0483,39.8646],[-95.0416,39.8667],[-95.034,39.8703],[-95.0294,39.8745],[-95.0283,39.8777],[-95.0273,39.8823],[-95.0267,39.8898],[-95.0185,39.8987],[-95.0111,39.9012],[-95.0039,39.9015],[-94.9974,39.8999],[-94.989,39.8992],[-94.9763,39.9001],[-94.9709,39.9014],[-94.9643,39.9022],[-94.9512,39.9009],[-94.9445,39.8989],[-94.9364,39.895],[-94.933,39.8917],[-94.9297,39.8869],[-94.9286,39.8839],[-94.9288,39.8798],[-94.9302,39.8771],[-94.9321,39.8736],[-94.9351,39.8709],[-94.9378,39.8669],[-94.9398,39.8638],[-94.9412,39.8602],[-94.9394,39.8559],[-94.9352,39.8487],[-94.9265,39.8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Jane E.","contributorId":59550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denne","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yarger, Harold L.","contributorId":56510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarger","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, Ralph W.","contributorId":291591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sophocleous, Marios A.","contributorId":64976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"Marios","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucas, James R.","contributorId":149239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Steeples, Don W.","contributorId":19295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeples","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70120651,"text":"70120651 - 1984 - The use of decoys to attract Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) to abandoned colony sites in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:49:35.131407","indexId":"70120651","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T11:53:09","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of decoys to attract Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) to abandoned colony sites in New Jersey","docAbstract":"The number of Least Tern colony sites in New Jersey has declined in recent years.  Decoys were used at two recently abandoned Least Tern colony sites in New Jersey to encourage nesting.  The sites were chosen because of their apparent suitability as colony sites and the relative ease of protecting them from human disturbance and predators.  Least Terns were observed flying over and landing at both sites, although nesting occurred at only one site.  The effect of decoys was statically significant at the colony site used for nesting.  At this site, 44.5% of the landings occurred in the plot containing decoys and only 10.6% o the landings were in the control plot.  Nesting was initiated among the decoys.  These results indicate that decoys can be used to attract Least Terns to abandoned colony sites and may be useful for managing Least Terns and other colonial nesting birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521092","usgsCitation":"Kotliar, N.B., and Burger, J., 1984, The use of decoys to attract Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) to abandoned colony sites in New Jersey: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 7, p. 134-138, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521092.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,41.3574 ], [ -73.9024,41.3574 ], [ -73.9024,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed8e4b0bfa1f993f01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotliar, Natasha B.","contributorId":23116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"Natasha","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, Joanna","contributorId":28536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"Joanna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039241,"text":"70039241 - 1984 - Maps & minds : mapping through the ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-03T01:02:04","indexId":"70039241","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T11:42:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Maps & minds : mapping through the ages","docAbstract":"Throughout time, maps have expressed our understanding of our world. Human affairs have been influenced strongly by the quality of maps available to us at the major turning points in our history. \"Maps & Minds\" traces the ebb and flow of a few central ideas in the mainstream of mapping. Our expanding knowledge of our cosmic neighborhood stems largely from a small number of simple but grand ideas, vigorously pursued.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039241","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Maps & minds : mapping through the ages: General Information Product, Sheet 1: 29.77 inches x 11.12 inches; Sheet 2: 29.77 inches x 11.12 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039241.","productDescription":"Sheet 1: 29.77 inches x 11.12 inches; Sheet 2: 29.77 inches x 11.12 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261458,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039241/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":261459,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039241/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":259430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70039241.PNG"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5094e4b0c8380cd6b7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70265474,"text":"70265474 - 1984 - Bibliography of water-resources reports for Arizona through 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:24:42.3742","indexId":"70265474","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T11:19:13","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Bibliography of water-resources reports for Arizona through 1982","docAbstract":"<p>This bibliography is a listing of reports concerning the water resources of Arizona obtained by computer search of three bibliographic files: Water Resources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC); National Technical Information Service (NTIS); and GEOREF, from the American Geological Institute. The three files gave listings of several hundred reports, not all of which have been retained in the present bibliography. For example, abstracts and masters' theses are not listed in the final version and some reports for which the subject matter was thought to be irrelevant to a scientific bibliography are not listed. Also included are all the references listed in the two previously published bibliographies of the Arizona District. Thus, it is a comprehensive listing of water-resources reports for the State of Arizona, and some of the reports cover parts of adjacent states. Discussions of related subjects, such as geology, are included in many of the reports. A subject index and an author index to the bibliography are included to facilitate its use. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70265474","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"White, N.D., and Fields, R.L., 1984, Bibliography of water-resources reports for Arizona through 1982, iii, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70265474.","productDescription":"iii, 152 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493112,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70265474/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":493111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70265474/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"4\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA  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Natalie D.","contributorId":97064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fields, Randall L.","contributorId":68696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120631,"text":"70120631 - 1984 - Dissolved cation concentrations in Okefenokee swamps surface water: Spatial and temporal variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-12T16:31:58.611161","indexId":"70120631","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T10:59:29","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dissolved cation concentrations in Okefenokee swamps surface water: Spatial and temporal variation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Okefenokee Swamp: Its natural history, geology, and geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wetland Surveys","publisherLocation":"Los Alamos, NM","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., 1984, Dissolved cation concentrations in Okefenokee swamps surface water: Spatial and temporal variation, chap. <i>of</i> The Okefenokee Swamp: Its natural history, geology, and geochemistry, p. 320-332.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Okefenokee Swamp","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.461238,30.590082 ], [ -82.461238,30.743642 ], [ -82.20512,30.743642 ], [ -82.20512,30.590082 ], [ -82.461238,30.590082 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec7e4b0bfa1f993ef0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211058,"text":"70211058 - 1984 - Surficial geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-15T14:38:57.496858","indexId":"70211058","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T10:50:07","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5971,"text":"National Atlas of the United States of America","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Surficial geology","docAbstract":"<p>Surficial materials are those at or near the Earth's surface. They constitute, by far, the largest and most used part of the ground around us. Areas not covered by surficial deposits--bare bedrock--form probably less than 5 percent of our land surface.</p><p>Most surficial deposits are composed of poorly consolidated clay, silt, sand, or gravel-sized particles that are produced chiefly by erosion and are transported by and finally deposited by water, wind, or ice, but are also partly produced by the in-situ weathering of bedrock. The major genetic categories are shown on the map by various colors; the principal compositional types in each category are indicated by patterns. Colors, patterns, and letter symbols are given in the explanation which follows this summary description.</p><p>Surficial deposits have characteristics important to our environment--water-bearing properties, mineral resources, and suitability as a natural foundation for buildings. They are also susceptible to flooding, erosion, ground subsidence, land slides, and earthquakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70211058","usgsCitation":"Hunt, C.B., 1984, Surficial geology: National Atlas of the United States of America, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70211058.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":376310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39860.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"7500000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Projection","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n  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,{"id":70118036,"text":"70118036 - 1984 - Rippled scour depressions on the inner continental shelf off central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T11:19:56.627797","indexId":"70118036","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T09:50:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rippled scour depressions on the inner continental shelf off central California","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458917\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Side-scan sonar records taken during the recent Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) show elongate, shore-normal rippled depressions of low relief on the inner continental shelf off central California between Bodega Bay and Point Arena. These features extend up to 2 km from the coast into water depths of up to 65 m. The proposed mechanism for their generation is storm-generated bottom currents associated with coastal downwelling during the late fall and winter which scour the surficial fine-sand sediment and expose the coarser-sand substrate in the depressions. The zones of most intense erosion and the irregular spacing of the features may be controlled by submerged rock ledges and other prominent coastal features. The large straight-crested ripples within the depressions (heights to 40 cm; wavelengths to 1.7 m) are probably formed by large-amplitude, long-period surface waves generated by winter storms.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","doi":"10.1306/212F85BC-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D.A., Drake, D.E., Grant, W.D., and Tate, G.B., 1984, Rippled scour depressions on the inner continental shelf off central California: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 1280-1291, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F85BC-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1280","endPage":"1291","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.54675292968749,\n              38.523189896701396\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25733184814452,\n              38.523189896701396\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25733184814452,\n              38.67586133295116\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.54675292968749,\n              38.67586133295116\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.54675292968749,\n              38.523189896701396\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ff87ebe4b0824b2d16c1cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, David A.","contributorId":37327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, David E.","contributorId":74752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, William D.","contributorId":95396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, George B.","contributorId":80838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70198541,"text":"70198541 - 1984 - Modeling the interrelationship of groundwater and surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:05:16","indexId":"70198541","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T09:23:54","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling the interrelationship of groundwater and surface water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling of total acid precipitation impacts","language":"English","publisher":"Butterworth","publisherLocation":"Boston","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1984, Modeling the interrelationship of groundwater and surface water, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling of total acid precipitation impacts, p. 89-119.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schnoor, J. L.","contributorId":92095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoor","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742256,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120847,"text":"70120847 - 1984 - Refuge management analyses: research needs for Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T09:10:20","indexId":"70120847","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T09:07:39","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"W/AEAG-84/W05","title":"Refuge management analyses: research needs for Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge, located in southeastern Indiana, was established by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission in 1966. Land use planning for the Refuge formally began in 1971, and development of facilities designed in that planning effort is now nearing completion. As these facilities become operational, Refuge personnel will be manipulating water (both spatially and temporally) and other habitat components to achieve the joint Refuge goals of natural resource conservation and public use. This situation offers a unique opportunity to institute research and management studies designed to evaluate and enhance the effectiveness of the management regime in providing for the needs of migratory waterfowl and other wildlife resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., Auble, G., and Hamilton, D.B., 1984, Refuge management analyses: research needs for Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.571947,38.89423 ], [ -86.571947,39.292298 ], [ -85.777293,39.292298 ], [ -85.777293,38.89423 ], [ -86.571947,38.89423 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25febe4b033341871894d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":91066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, D. B.","contributorId":79553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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