{"pageNumber":"207","pageRowStart":"5150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":70043321,"text":"pp171321 - 2008 - Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System—Northern Nonassociated Gas Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 21 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:04:47","indexId":"pp171321","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-21","title":"Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System—Northern Nonassociated Gas Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 21 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California","docAbstract":"The Northern Nonassociated Gas Assessment Unit (AU) of the Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System of the San Joaquin Basin Province consists of all nonassociated gas accumulations in Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene sandstones located north of township 15 South in the San Joaquin Valley. The northern San Joaquin Valley forms a northwest-southeast trending asymmetrical trough. It is filled with an alternating sequence of Cretaceous-aged sands and shales deposited on Franciscan Complex, ophiolitic, and Sierran basement. Eocene-aged strata unconformably overlie the thick Cretaceous section, and in turn are overlain unconformably by nonmarine Pliocene-Miocene sediments. Nonassociated gas accumulations have been discovered in the sands of the Panoche, Moreno, Kreyenhagen, andDomengine Formations and in the nonmarine Zilch formation of Loken (1959) (hereafter referred to as Zilch formation). Most hydrocarbon accumulations occur in low-relief, northwest-southeast trending anticlines formed chiefly by differential compaction of sediment and by northeast southwest directed compression during the Paleogene (Bartow, 1991) and in stratigraphic traps formed by pinch out of submarine fan sands against slope shales. To date, 176 billion cubic feet (BCF) of nonassociated recoverable gas has been found in fields within the assessment unit (table 21.1). A small amount of biogenic gas forms near the surface of the AU. Map boundaries of the assessment unit are shown in figures 21.1 and 21.2; in plan view, this assessment unit is identical to the Northern Area Nonassociated Gas play 1007 considered by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in its 1995 National Assessment (Beyer, 1996). The AU is bounded on the east by the mapped limits of Cretaceous sandstone reservoir rocks and on the west by the east flank of the Diablo Range. The southern limit of the AU is the southernmost occurrence of nonassociated thermogenic-gas accumulations. The northern limit of the AU corresponds to the Stanislaus-San Joaquin county line, which also defines the northern boundary of the San Joaquin Basin Province. In the vertical dimension, the AU extends from the uppermost crystalline basement to the topographic surface (fig. 21.3), to allow for the possibility of down-section charge across fault surfaces and up-dip migration. The gas in this AU may be sourced from the Winters- Domengine(?) petroleum system, located in the Sacramento Valley north of the San Joaquin Valley, as defined by Magoon and others (1994a,b) (question mark notation derives from convention of Magoon and Dow, 1994, and indicates speculative genetic relationship between hydrocarbons and source rock). The Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System defined for this assessment contains about 7.2 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of known, recoverable gas and includes the Rio Vista gas field, which alone accounts for 4 TCF of recoverable gas through 2002 (CDOGGR, 2003). Alternatively, the northern nonassociated gas may be sourced from the Moreno Formation within the San Joaquin Valley itself.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (PP 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp171321","usgsCitation":"Hosford Scheirer, A., and Magoon, L.B., 2008, Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System—Northern Nonassociated Gas Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 21 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-21, Chapter 21: 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp171321.","productDescription":"Chapter 21: 27 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_21.jpg"},{"id":267257,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":267258,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/21/pp1713_ch21.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 21 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California. Please see Professional Paper 1713 for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a2119e4b084e2824d69ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosford Scheirer, Allegra","contributorId":22217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043078,"text":"pp17135 - 2008 - Age, distribution, and stratigraphic relationship of rock units in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 5 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:07:12","indexId":"pp17135","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-5","title":"Age, distribution, and stratigraphic relationship of rock units in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 5 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California","docAbstract":"The San Joaquin Basin is a major petroleum province that forms the southern half of California’s Great Valley, a 700-km-long, asymmetrical basin that originated between a subduction zone to the west and the Sierra Nevada to the east. Sedimentary fill and tectonic structures of the San Joaquin Basin record the Mesozoic through Cenozoic geologic history of North America’s western margin. More than 25,000 feet (>7,500 meters) of sedimentary rocks overlie the basement surface and provide a nearly continuous record of sedimentation over the past ~100 m.y. Further, depositional geometries and fault structures document the tectonic evolution of the region from forearc setting to strike-slip basin to transpressional margin. Sedimentary architecture in the San Joaquin Basin is complicated because of these tectonic regimes and because of lateral changes in depositional environment and temporal changes in relative sea level. Few formations are widespread across the basin. Consequently, a careful analysis of sedimentary facies is required to unravel the basin’s depositional history on a regional scale. At least three high-quality organic source rocks formed in the San Joaquin Basin during periods of sea level transgression and anoxia. Generated on the basin’s west side, hydrocarbons migrated into nearly every facies type in the basin, from shelf and submarine fan sands to diatomite and shale to nonmarine coarse-grained rocks to schist. In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources and future additions to reserves in the San Joaquin Valley of California (USGS San Joaquin Basin Province Assessment Team, this volume, chapter 1). Several research aims supported this assessment: identifying and mapping the petroleum systems, modeling the generation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbons, and defining the volumes of rock to be analyzed for additional resources. To better understand the three dimensional relationships between hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks, we compiled a database consisting of more than 13,000 well picks and of one-mile resolution seismic grids. Both the well picks and the seismic grids characterize the depths to the top of key stratigraphic units. This database formed the basis of subsequent numerical modeling efforts, including the construction of a three- dimensional geologic model (Hosford Scheirer, this volume, chapter 7) and simulation of the petroleum systems in space and time (Peters, Magoon, Lampe, and others, this volume, chapter 12). To accomplish this modeling, we synthesized the age, geographic distribution, lithology, and petroleum characteristics of hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks in the basin. The results of that synthesis are presented in this paper in the form of new stratigraphic correlation columns for the northern, central, and southern San Joaquin Valley (fig. 5.1; note that all figures are at the back of this report, following the References Cited). The stratigraphic relationships and ages published here draw heavily on published and unpublished studies of the San Joaquin Basin. The stratigraphy presented in each of the columns necessarily idealizes the subsurface geology over a relatively large area, instead of representing the specific geology at an individual well, oil and gas field, or outcrop. In this paper we present the background rationale for defining the geographic divisions of the basin (inset map, fig. 5.1), the paleontological time scales used for assigning absolute ages to rock units (figs. 5.2 and 5.3), and the supporting maps illustrating the geographic distribution of each rock type included in the stratigraphic column (figs. 5.4 through 5.64).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17135","usgsCitation":"Hosford Scheirer, A., and Magoon, L.B., 2008, Age, distribution, and stratigraphic relationship of rock units in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 5 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-5, Chapter 5: 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17135.","productDescription":"Chapter 5: 107 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_5.jpg"},{"id":266941,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266942,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/05/pp1713_ch05.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 5 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California. Please see Professional Paper 1713 for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5110e682e4b03611765638ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosford Scheirer, Allegra","contributorId":22217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":472919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003441,"text":"70003441 - 2008 - Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisted using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"70003441","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisted using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf","docAbstract":"Certain details regarding the origin and evolution of shelf sand ridges remain elusive. Knowledge of their internal stratigraphy and microfossil distribution is necessary to define the origin and to determine the processes that modify sand ridges. Fourteen vibracores from False Cape Shoal A, a well-developed shoreface-attached sand ridge on the Virginia/North Carolina inner continental shelf, were examined to document the internal stratigraphy and benthic foraminiferal assemblages, as well as to reconstruct the depositional environments recorded in down-core sediments. Seven sedimentary and foraminiferal facies correspond to the following stratigraphic units: fossiliferous silt, barren sand, clay to sandy clay, laminated and bioturbated sand, poorly sorted massive sand, fine clean sand, and poorly sorted clay to gravel. The units represent a Pleistocene estuary and shoreface, a Holocene estuary, ebb tidal delta, modern shelf, modern shoreface, and swale fill, respectively. The succession of depositional environments reflects a Pleistocene sea-level highstand and subsequent regression followed by the Holocene transgression in which barrier island/spit systems formed along the Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf not, vert, ~5.2 ka and migrated landward and an ebb tidal delta that was deposited, reworked, and covered by shelf sand.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., and McBride, R.A., 2008, Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisted using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 17, no. 15, p. 2428-2441.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2428","endPage":"2441","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"False Cape Shoals","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,35.5 ], [ -76.5,37 ], [ -75,37 ], [ -75,35.5 ], [ -76.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"17","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, Randolph A.","contributorId":6466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000275,"text":"70000275 - 2008 - Estuarine sediment transport by gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer, Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T14:53:13","indexId":"70000275","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuarine sediment transport by gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer, Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"

Interpretation of sidescan-sonar imagery provides evidence that down-slope gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer constitutes an important mode of transporting sediment into the basins of north-central Long Island Sound, a major US East Coast estuary. In the Western Basin, this transport mechanism has formed dendritic drainage systems characterized by branching patterns of low backscatter on the seafloor that exceed 7.4 km in length and progressively widen down-slope, reaching widths of over 0.6 km at their southern distal ends. Although much smaller, dendritic patterns of similar morphology are also present in the northwestern part of the Central Basin. Because many contaminants display affinities for adsorption onto fine-grained sediments, and because the Sound is affected by seasonal hypoxia, mechanisms and dispersal pathways by which inorganic and organic sediments are remobilized and transported impact the eventual fate of the contaminants and environmental health of the estuary. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00367-008-0118-2","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K., Williams, S., Crocker, J., and Doran, E.F., 2008, Estuarine sediment transport by gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer, Long Island Sound: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 28, no. 4, p. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-008-0118-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachussetts, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.927001953125,\n 40.93426521177941\n ],\n [\n -71.96868896484375,\n 40.93426521177941\n ],\n [\n -71.96868896484375,\n 41.325263743947616\n ],\n [\n -73.927001953125,\n 41.325263743947616\n ],\n [\n -73.927001953125,\n 40.93426521177941\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L. J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, K. Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crocker, J.M.","contributorId":6152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crocker","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000185,"text":"70000185 - 2008 - 50,000 years of vegetation and climate history on the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T10:37:44","indexId":"70000185","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"50,000 years of vegetation and climate history on the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"

Sixty packrat middens were collected in Canyonlands and Grand Canyon National Parks, and these series include sites north of areas that produced previous detailed series from the Colorado Plateau. The exceptionally long time series obtained from each of three sites (> 48,000 14C yr BP to present) include some of the oldest middens yet discovered. Most middens contain a typical late-Wisconsinan glaciation mixture of mesic and xeric taxa, evidence that plant species responded to climate change by range adjustments of elevational distribution based on individual criteria. Differences in elevational range from today for trees and shrubs ranged from no apparent change to as much as 1200 m difference. The oldest middens from Canyonlands NP, however, differ in containing strictly xeric assemblages, including middens incorporating needles of Arizona single-leaf pinyon, far north of its current distribution. Similar-aged middens from the eastern end of Grand Canyon NP contain plants more typical of glacial climates, but also contain fossils of one-seed juniper near its current northern limit in Arizona. Holocene middens reveal the development of modern vegetation assemblages on the Colorado Plateau, recording departures of mesic taxa from low elevation sites, and the arrival of modern dominant components much later.

","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Coats, L.L., Cole, K.L., and Mead, J.I., 2008, 50,000 years of vegetation and climate history on the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Arizona, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 70, no. 2, p. 322-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands Park, Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 35.746512259918504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.2642822265625,\n 37.88569271818349\n ],\n [\n -110.2642822265625,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -109.47601318359375,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -109.47601318359375,\n 37.88569271818349\n ],\n [\n -110.2642822265625,\n 37.88569271818349\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554200ace4b0a658d793b285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coats, Larry L.","contributorId":72504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mead, Jim I.","contributorId":87067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mead","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000283,"text":"70000283 - 2008 - Mallard harvest distributions in the Mississippi and Central Flyways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000283","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mallard harvest distributions in the Mississippi and Central Flyways","docAbstract":"The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most harvested duck in North America. A topic of debate among hunters, especially those in Arkansas, USA, is whether wintering distributions of mallards have changed in recent years. We examined distributions of mallards in the Mississippi (MF) and Central Flyways during hunting seasons 1980-2003 to determine if and why harvest distributions changed. We used Geographic Information Systems to analyze spatial distributions of band recoveries and harvest estimated using data from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Parts Collection Survey. Mean latitudes of band recoveries and harvest estimates showed no significant trends across the study period. Despite slight increases in band recoveries and harvest on the peripheries of kernel density estimates, most harvest occurred in eastern Arkansas and northwestern Mississippi, USA, in all years. We found no evidence for changes in the harvest distributions of mallards. We believe that the late 1990s were years of exceptionally high harvest in the lower MF and that slight shifts northward since 2000 reflect a return to harvest distributions similar to those of the early 1980s. Our results provide biologists with possible explanations to hunter concerns of fewer mallards available for harvest.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2007-028","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Green, A., and Krementz, D., 2008, Mallard harvest distributions in the Mississippi and Central Flyways: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1328-1334, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-028.","startPage":"1328","endPage":"1334","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-028"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, A.W.","contributorId":34863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"A.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000290,"text":"70000290 - 2008 - Structure of the eastern Seattle fault zone, Washington state: New insights from seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000290","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the eastern Seattle fault zone, Washington state: New insights from seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"We identify and characterize the active Seattle fault zone (SFZ) east of Lake Washington with newly acquired seismic reflection data. Our results focus on structures observed in the upper 1 km below the cities of Bellevue, Sammamish, Newcastle, and Fall City, Washington. The SFZ appears as a broad zone of faulting and folding at the southern boundary of the Seattle basin and north edge of the Seattle uplift. We interpret the Seattle fault as a thrust fault that accommodates north-south shortening by forming a fault-propagation fold with a forelimb breakthrough. The blind tip of the main fault forms a synclinal growth fold (deformation front) that extends at least 8 km east of Vasa Park (west side of Lake Sammamish) and defines the south edge of the Seattle basin. South of the deformation front is the forelimb break-through fault, which was exposed in a trench at Vasa Park. The Newcastle Hills anticline, a broad anticline forming the north part of the Seattle uplift east of Lake Washington, is interpreted to lie between the main blind strand of the Seattle fault and a backthrust. Our profiles, on the northern limb of this anticline, consistently image north-dipping strata. A structural model for the SFZ east of Lake Washington is consistent with about 8 km of slip on the upper part of the Seattle fault, but the amount of motion is only loosely constrained.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070145","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Liberty, L., and Pratt, T.L., 2008, Structure of the eastern Seattle fault zone, Washington state: New insights from seismic reflection data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 1681-1695, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070145.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1695","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070145"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liberty, L.M.","contributorId":58749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liberty","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000246,"text":"70000246 - 2008 - Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:18:10","indexId":"70000246","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development","docAbstract":"Since 1980, the number of undernourished people in eastern and southern Africa has more than doubled. Rural development stalled and rural poverty expanded during the 1990s. Population growth remains very high, and declining per-capita agricultural capacity retards progress toward Millennium Development goals. Analyses of in situ station data and satellite observations of precipitation have identified another problematic trend: main growing-season rainfall receipts have diminished by ???15% in food-insecure countries clustered along the western rim of the Indian Ocean. Occurring during the main growing seasons in poor countries dependent on rain-fed agriculture, these declines are societally dangerous. Will they persist or intensify? Tracing moisture deficits upstream to an anthropogenically warming Indian Ocean leads us to conclude that further rainfall declines are likely. We present analyses suggesting that warming in the central Indian Ocean disrupts onshore moisture transports, reducing continental rainfall. Thus, late 20th-century anthropogenic Indian Ocean warming has probably already produced societally dangerous climate change by creating drought and social disruption in some of the world's most fragile food economies. We quantify the potential impacts of the observed precipitation and agricultural capacity trends by modeling 'millions of undernourished people' as a function of rainfall, population, cultivated area, seed, and fertilizer use. Persistence of current tendencies may result in a 50% increase in undernourished people by 2030. On the other hand, modest increases in per-capita agricultural productivity could more than offset the observed precipitation declines. Investing in agricultural development can help mitigate climate change while decreasing rural poverty and vulnerability. ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0708196105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., Dettinger, M., Michaelsen, J.C., Verdin, J.P., Brown, M.E., Barlow, M., and Hoell, A., 2008, Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 32, p. 11081-11086, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708196105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11081","endPage":"11086","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476480,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2497460","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708196105"}],"volume":"105","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd49c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris C. 0000-0002-9254-6718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":62142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel C.","contributorId":91790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Molly E.","contributorId":62490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barlow, Mathew","contributorId":145834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barlow","given":"Mathew","affiliations":[{"id":16250,"text":"University of Massechusetts, Lowell","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70000032,"text":"70000032 - 2008 - Methanogenic pathways of coal-bed gas in the Powder River Basin, United States: The geologic factor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000032","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methanogenic pathways of coal-bed gas in the Powder River Basin, United States: The geologic factor","docAbstract":"Coal-bed gas of the Tertiary Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana, U.S. was interpreted as microbial in origin by previous studies based on limited data on the gas and water composition and isotopes associated with the coal beds. To fully evaluate the microbial origin of the gas and mechanisms of methane generation, additional data for 165 gas and water samples from 7 different coal-bed methane-bearing coal-bed reservoirs were collected basinwide and correlated to the coal geology and stratigraphy. The C1/(C2 + C3) ratio and vitrinite reflectance of coal and organic shale permitted differentiation between microbial gas and transitional thermogenic gas in the central part of the basin. Analyses of methane ??13C and ??D, carbon dioxide ??13C, and water ??D values indicate gas was generated primarily from microbial CO2 reduction, but with significant gas generated by microbial methyl-type fermentation (aceticlastic) in some areas of the basin. Microbial CO2 reduction occurs basinwide, but is generally dominant in Paleocene Fort Union Formation coals in the central part of the basin, whereas microbial methyl-type fermentation is common along the northwest and east margins. Isotopically light methane ??13C is distributed along the basin margins where ??D is also depleted, indicating that both CO2-reduction and methyl-type fermentation pathways played major roles in gas generation, but gas from the latter pathway overprinted gas from the former pathway. More specifically, along the northwest basin margin gas generation by methyl-type fermentation may have been stimulated by late-stage infiltration of groundwater recharge from clinker areas, which flowed through highly fractured and faulted coal aquifers. Also, groundwater recharge controlled a change in gas composition in the shallow Eocene Wasatch Formation with the increase of nitrogen and decrease of methane composition of the coal-bed gas. Other geologic factors, such as burial, thermal and maturation history, lateral and vertical continuity, and coalification of the coal beds, also played a significant role in controlling methanogenic pathways and provided new perspectives on gas evolution and emplacement. The early-stage gas produced by CO2 reduction has mixed with transitional thermogenic gas in the deeper, central parts of the Powder River Basin to form 'old' gas, whereas along the basin margins the overprint of gas from methyl-type fermentation represents 'new' gas. Thus, a clear understanding of these geologic factors is necessary to relate the microbiological, biogeochemical, and hydrological processes involved in the generation of coal-bed gas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.02.005","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Flores, R.M., Rice, C.A., Stricker, G.D., Warden, A., and Ellis, M., 2008, Methanogenic pathways of coal-bed gas in the Powder River Basin, United States: The geologic factor: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, no. 1-2, p. 52-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.02.005.","startPage":"52","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.02.005"},{"id":203304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, C. A.","contributorId":106116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, G. D.","contributorId":38977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warden, A.","contributorId":41946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellis, M.S.","contributorId":64301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000481,"text":"70000481 - 2008 - Use of landsat ETM+ SLC-off segment-based gap-filled imagery for crop type mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:38:53","indexId":"70000481","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of landsat ETM+ SLC-off segment-based gap-filled imagery for crop type mapping","docAbstract":"

Failure of the Scan Line Corrector (SLC) on the Landsat ETM+ sensor has had a major impact on many applications that rely on continuous medium resolution imagery to meet their objectives. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) program uses Landsat imagery as the primary source of data to produce crop-specific maps for 20 states in the USA. A new method has been developed to fill the image gaps resulting from the SLC failure to support the needs of Landsat users who require coincident spectral data, such as for crop type mapping and monitoring. We tested the new gap-filled method for a CDL crop type mapping project in eastern Nebraska. Scan line gaps were simulated on two Landsat 5 images (spring and late summer 2003) and then gap-filled using landscape boundary models, or segment models, that were derived from 1992 and 2002 Landsat images (used in the gap-fill process). Various date combinations of original and gap-filled images were used to derive crop maps using a supervised classification process. Overall kappa values were slightly higher for crop maps derived from SLC-off gap-filled images compared to crop maps derived from the original imagery (0.3–1.3% higher). Although the age of the segment model used to derive the SLC-off gap-filled product did not negatively impact the overall agreement, differences in individual cover type agreement did increase (−0.8%–1.6% using the 2002 segment model to −5.0–5.1% using the 1992 segment model). Classification agreement also decreased for most of the classes as the size of the segment used in the gap-fill process increased.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106040701207399","issn":"10106049","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S., and Craig, M., 2008, Use of landsat ETM+ SLC-off segment-based gap-filled imagery for crop type mapping: Geocarto International, v. 23, no. 3, p. 169-179, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106040701207399.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18895,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040701207399"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6044cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craig, M.E.","contributorId":39107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000479,"text":"70000479 - 2008 - Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the Central and Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000479","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the Central and Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Published geologic information from the central and eastern United States identifies 83 faults, groups of sand blows, named seismic zones, and other geological features as known or suspected products of Quaternary tectonic faulting. About one fifth of the features are known to contain faulted Quaternary materials or seismically induced liquefaction phenomena, but the origin and associated seismic hazard of most of the other features remain uncertain. Most of the features are in or near large urban areas. The largest cluster of features is in the Boston-Washington urban corridor (2005 estimated population: 50 million). The proximity of most features to populous areas identifies paleoseismic targets with potential to impact urban-hazard estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120060007","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., 2008, Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the Central and Eastern United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 3, p. 1572-1580, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060007.","startPage":"1572","endPage":"1580","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060007"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221080,"text":"5221080 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5221085,"text":"5221085 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"5221085","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5221080,"text":"5221080 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007","indexId":"5221080","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":5224839,"text":"5224839 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","indexId":"5224839","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5221080,"text":"5221080 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007","indexId":"5221080","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T18:02:13","indexId":"5221080","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:35","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007","docAbstract":"

Region IV welcomed another coastal station in 2007 with a report from Chris Snook at Charleston, South Carolina.

The season was hot and dry throughout Region IV except in Florida where precipitation averaged above normal. Banders blamed their poor success on the lack of cold fronts in August, September, and the first half of October and on persistent strong east winds that blew the migrants farther inland. At Bill Baggs State Park in Miami no significant cold fronts were encountered until 25 Oct, and then on 29 Oct they banded over 100 Black-throated Blue Warblers that should have been on their West Indian wintering grounds by that date.

Myrtle Warblers continued to be the most commonly banded species in Region IV, although numbers were down considerably from the previous autumn; their age ratios ranged from 25% hatching year (HY) at inland Tallahassee to 100% HY at coastal Chincoteague. Gray Catbird, which made the top ten list at all11 stations, was in second place, with percent of HYbirds ranging from 54% at Laurel to 95% at Chincoteague.

Peak migration days ranged from 19 Sep in Laurel to 14 Nov at Kiptopeke, with five stations reporting their peak during 10-15 Oct.

Thanks to the dedicated banders and assistants who contributed 61,825 net-hours in autumn 2007 to band 22,424 birds in Region IV. Thanks also to colleagues Deanna Dawson and John R. Sauer for their helpful comments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 2008, Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: North American Bird Bander, v. 33, no. 3, p. 139-146.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224839,"text":"5224839 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5224839,"text":"5224839 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","indexId":"5224839","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5221080,"text":"5221080 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007","indexId":"5221080","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5221080,"text":"5221080 - 2008 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007","indexId":"5221080","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T18:05:39","indexId":"5224839","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:35","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","docAbstract":"

This station operates at the Patuxent Research Refuge in a powerline right-of-way that bisects an upland deciduous forest. This area has been used for this purpose since 1980, except in the years 2004-2006. Twenty-six nets are arrayed along approximately one-half mile that runs generally on an east-west orientation. The habitat is marked by dense 4-6 foot high shrub foliage with very few trees of any height. Trees are purposely kept to a minimum within the right-of-way to avoid arcing with the powerlines. We operated seven days in August and November and 14 days in September and October for a total of 42 days, generally on a M/W I F schedule. Nets were opened · by 25-30 minutes before sunrise, and closed about 3.5 hours later. Weather did not have a significant impact on our operations. We did have a few mornings in late October when some nets were frozen, delaying their opening. Only once (13 Nov) did rain necessitate closing nets early. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Bystrak, D., 2008, Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764): North American Bird Bander, v. 33, no. 3, p. 141-142.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"142","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's COunty","city":"Laurel","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669c93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bystrak, Danny dbystrak@usgs.gov","contributorId":4840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"Danny","email":"dbystrak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":342856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224872,"text":"5224872 - 2008 - Long-term trends in breeding birds in an old-growth Adirondack forest and the surrounding region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224872","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term trends in breeding birds in an old-growth Adirondack forest and the surrounding region","docAbstract":"Breeding bird populations were sampled between 1954 and 1963, and 1990 and 2000 in an old-growth forest, the Natural Area of Huntington Wildlife Forest (HWF), in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Trends were compared with data from regional North American Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) and from a forest plot at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Trends for 22 species in the HWF Natural Area were negative, eight were positive, and one was zero; 20 were significant. Fifteen of 17 long-distance migrants declined, whereas 7 of 14 short-distance migrants and permanent residents declined. Most (74%) HWF Natural Area species, despite differences in sampling periods and local habitat features, matched in sign of trend when compared to Adirondack BBS routes, 61% matched northeastern BBS routes, and 71% matched eastern United States BBS routes, while 66% matched Hubbard Brook species. The agreement in population trends suggests that forest interior birds, especially long-distance migrants, are affected more by regional than local factors. The analysis indicated that bird trends generated from BBS routes may not be as biased toward roads as previously suggested.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6933_McNulty.pdf","usgsCitation":"McNulty, S., Droege, S., and Masters, R., 2008, Long-term trends in breeding birds in an old-growth Adirondack forest and the surrounding region: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 120, no. 1, p. 153-158.","productDescription":"153-158","startPage":"153","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16907,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1676%2F07-032.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63efb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNulty, S.A.","contributorId":12158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNulty","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masters, R.D.","contributorId":50631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224909,"text":"5224909 - 2008 - A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224909","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys","docAbstract":"We evaluated double-observer methods for aerial surveys as a means to adjust counts of waterfowl for incomplete detection. We conducted our study in eastern Canada and the northeast United States utilizing 3 aerial-survey crews flying 3 different types of fixed-wing aircraft. We reconciled counts of front- and rear-seat observers immediately following an observation by the rear-seat observer (i.e., on-the-fly reconciliation). We evaluated 6 a priori models containing a combination of several factors thought to influence detection probability including observer, seat position, aircraft type, and group size. We analyzed data for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (A. platyrhynchos), which are among the most abundant duck species in this region. The best-supported model for both black ducks and mallards included observer effects. Sample sizes of black ducks were sufficient to estimate observer-specific detection rates for each crew. Estimated detection rates for black ducks were 0.62 (SE = 0.10), 0.63 (SE = 0.06), and 0.74 (SE = 0.07) for pilot-observers, 0.61 (SE = 0.08), 0.62 (SE = 0.06), and 0.81 (SE = 0.07) for other front-seat observers, and 0.43 (SE = 0.05), 0.58 (SE = 0.06), and 0.73 (SE = 0.04) for rear-seat observers. For mallards, sample sizes were adequate to generate stable maximum-likelihood estimates of observer-specific detection rates for only one aerial crew. Estimated observer-specific detection rates for that crew were 0.84 (SE = 0.04) for the pilot-observer, 0.74 (SE = 0.05) for the other front-seat observer, and 0.47 (SE = 0.03) for the rear-seat observer. Estimated observer detection rates were confounded by the position of the seat occupied by an observer, because observers did not switch seats, and by land-cover because vegetation and landform varied among crew areas. Double-observer methods with on-the-fly reconciliation, although not without challenges, offer one viable option to account for detection bias in aerial waterfowl surveys where birds are distributed at low density in remote areas that are inaccessible by ground crews. Double-observer methods, however, estimate only detection rate of animals that are potentially observable given the survey method applied. Auxiliary data and methods must be considered to estimate overall detection rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7005_Koneff.pdf","usgsCitation":"Koneff, M., Royle, J., Otto, M., Wortham, J., and Bidwell, J., 2008, A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1641-649.","productDescription":"1641-649","startPage":"1641","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"-991","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16932,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2008-036 ; https://www.wildlifejournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2008-036","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aece1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koneff, M.D.","contributorId":37031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koneff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otto, M.C.","contributorId":33031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wortham, J.S.","contributorId":31503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wortham","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bidwell, J.K.","contributorId":27169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224879,"text":"5224879 - 2008 - Migration of Florida sub-adult Bald Eagles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"5224879","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of Florida sub-adult Bald Eagles","docAbstract":"We used satellite telemetry locations accurate within 1 km to identify migration routes and stopover sites of 54 migratory sub-adult Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) hatched in Florida from 1997 to 2001. We measured number of days traveled during migration, path of migration, stopover time and locations, and distance traveled to and from winter and summer areas for each eagle (1?5 years old). Eagles used both Coastal Plain (n = 24) and Appalachian Mountain (n = 26) routes on their first migration north. Mountain migrants traveled farther (X = 2,112 km; 95% CI: 1,815-2,410) than coastal migrants (X = 1,397 km; 95% CI: 1,087?1,706). Eagles changed between migration routes less often on northbound and southbound movements as they matured (X2 = 13.22, df = 2, P < 0.001). One-year-old eagles changed routes between yearly spring and fall migrations 57% of the time, 2-year-olds 30%, and 3-5-year-olds changed only 17% of the time. About half (n = 25, 46%) used stopovers during migration and stayed 6-31 days (X = 14.8 days; 95% CI: 12.8-16.8). We recommend that migratory stopover site locations be added to GIS data bases for improving conservation of Bald Eagles in the eastern United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6951_Mojica.pdf","usgsCitation":"Mojica, E., Meyers, J., Millsap, B., and Haley, K., 2008, Migration of Florida sub-adult Bald Eagles: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 120, no. 2, p. 304-310.","productDescription":"304-310","startPage":"304","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16912,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1676%2F07-079.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63545b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mojica, E.K.","contributorId":10513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mojica","given":"E.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millsap, B.A.","contributorId":30716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millsap","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haley, K.L.","contributorId":12143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haley","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5211431,"text":"5211431 - 2008 - Coordinating across scales: Building a regional marsh bird monitoring program from national and state Initiatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5211431","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Coordinating across scales: Building a regional marsh bird monitoring program from national and state Initiatives","docAbstract":"Salt marsh breeding bird populations (rails, bitterns, sparrows, etc.) in eastern North America are high conservation priorities in need of site specific and regional monitoring designed to detect population changes over time. The present status and trends of these species are unknown but anecdotal evidence of declines in many of the species has raised conservation concerns. Most of these species are listed as conservation priorities on comprehensive wildlife plans throughout the eastern U.S. National Wildlife Refuges, National Park Service units, and other wildlife conservation areas provide important salt marsh habitat. To meet management needs for these areas, and to assist regional conservation planning, survey designs are being developed to estimate abundance and population trends for these breeding bird species. The primary purpose of this project is to develop a hierarchical sampling frame for salt marsh birds in Bird Conservation Region (BCR) 30 that will provide the ability to estimate species population abundances on 1) specific sites (i.e. National Parks and National Wildlife Refuges), 2) within states or regions, and 3) within BCR 30. The entire breeding range of Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed and Coastal Plain Swamp sparrows are within BCR 30, providing an opportunity to detect population trends within the entire breeding ranges of two priority species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Page 114 in the online pdf.","usgsCitation":"Shriver, G., and Sauer, J., 2008, Coordinating across scales: Building a regional marsh bird monitoring program from national and state Initiatives, chap. of Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts.","productDescription":"138","startPage":"113 (abs)","numberOfPages":"138","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shriver, G.W.","contributorId":64758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriver","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97283,"text":"sir20085203 - 2008 - Occurrence and distribution of algal biomass and Its relation to nutrients and selected basin characteristics in Indiana streams, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T09:30:25","indexId":"sir20085203","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5203","title":"Occurrence and distribution of algal biomass and Its relation to nutrients and selected basin characteristics in Indiana streams, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"

Algal biomass and nutrient data were gathered at 322 randomly selected sites on 261 streams in the West Fork White River, Whitewater River, East Fork White River, Upper Wabash River, Kankakee River, Lower Wabash River, Tributaries to the Great Lakes, and Tributaries to the Ohio River Basins in Indiana from May through October for years 2001 through 2005. Basin characteristics (land use and drainage area), substrate, turbidity, and nutrient concentrations were determined for the basin and sampling sites. The relations of the seasonal algal biomass parameters periphyton chlorophyll a (CHLa), ash-free dry mass (AFDM), seston CHLa, and particulate organic carbon (POC) to concentrations of the seasonal nutrients nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were determined using Spearman’s rho. The effects of streamflow were determined using data collected at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations spatially located throughout the study basins.

\n

Throughout the 5-year study, the magnitude and frequency of stream discharge varied monthly and annually and greatly influenced algal biomass concentrations through scour and algal drift. Algal biomass median concentrations in Indiana streams consisted of periphyton CHLa, 41.2 milligrams per square meter (mg/m2 ); AFDM, 52.1 grams per square meter (g/m2); seston CHLa, 2.44 micrograms per liter (µg/L); and POC, 0.75 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Approximately 32 percent of the periphyton CHLa and 6 percent of the seston CHLa samples would be considered eutrophic (nutrient enriched).

\n

To ascertain seasonal variability, samples were collected in the spring (May), summer (June through August), and fall (September through October). The highest median concentration of periphyton CHLa was in the spring, 63.2 mg/m2 , while the highest median concentrations of AFDM, seston CHLa, and POC were in the summer 55.4 g/m2 , 2.96 µg/L, and 0.81 mg/L respectively. There were no significant differences among seasons for periphyton CHLa and AFDM; there were significant differences among seasons for seston CHLa and POC.

\n

There were no significant relations with nutrients and periphyton or seston CHLa parameters. The only significant positive relations were observed between summer POC and summer TP as well as summer POC and summer TKN. Positive relations also related spring POC and spring TP. These significant relations with TP are most likely related to phosphorus associated within seston algal cells and attached to sediment.

\n

Drainage area and land use were analyzed to understand the effect of site location on algal growth. Study basins varied in size (headwater streams, 0–51 km2 ; wadable streams, 52–2,590 km2 ; and boatable streams, 2,591–38,900 km2 ) and were dominated by agricultural land use. Basin characteristics (land use, drainage area) as well as substrate type, turbidity, and nutrients, affected the concentration of algal biomass parameters. Of the eight basins in which samples were collected during the 5-year study, the Whitewater River Basin (2002) had the highest median concentration of periphyton CHLa (63.1 mg/m2 ), the Tributaries to the Great Lakes (2005) exhibited the highest median concentration for AFDM (160 g/m2 ), the East Fork White River Basin (2002) had nearly twice the median concentration (4.01 µg/L) of seston CHLa as the other basins, and the West Fork White River Basin (2001) exhibited the highest median concentration of POC (1.10 mg/L). Of the eight major basins sampled, 15–45 percent of the periphyton CHLa and up to 20 percent of the seston CHLa samples were eutrophic. Samples collected at headwater and wadable streams were the most eutrophic for periphyton CHLa (31–36 percent) and 28 percent of samples collected at boatable streams were eutrophic for seston CHLa.

\n

As basin size increased, seston CHLa and POC concentrations increased while periphyton CHLa and AFDM concentrations decreased. The median turbidity values ranged from 6.95 NTU for headwater streams to 8.27 NTU for wadable streams, and 17.0 NTU for boatable streams. In addition, the types and availability of periphytic substrates (epilithic, epipsammic, or epidendric) were an important factor when comparing periphyton CHLa and AFDM concentrations in the study due to the periphytic substrates individual susceptibility to bed movement and scouring. Periphyton CHLa median concentrations ranged from 53.8 mg/m2 for epilithic substrates, to 41.8 mg/m2 for epipsammic substrates, and 17.2 mg/m2 for epidendric substrates. Higher AFDM concentrations were collected from epipsammic substrates during years of low stream discharge velocity, which enhanced the settling of organic matter on epipsammic substrates. AFDM median concentrations ranged from 141 g/m2 for epipsammic to 28.8 g/m2 for epilithic and 22.9 g/m2 for epidendric substrates. 

\n

The seasonal values for nutrients (nitrate, TKN, TN, and TP) and algal biomass (periphyton CHLa, AFDM, seston CHLa, and POC) were compared to published U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) values for their respective ecoregions. Algal biomass values either were greater than the 25th percentile published USEPA values or extended the range of data in Aggregate Nutrient Ecoregions VI, VII, IX and USEPA Level III Ecoregions 54, 55, 56, 71, and 72. If the values for the 25th percentile proposed by the USEPA were adopted as nutrient water-quality criteria, then about 71 percent of the nutrient samples and 57 percent of the CHLa samples within the eight study basins would be considered nutrient enriched.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085203","isbn":"9781411322943","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Division of Water, Assessment Branch","usgsCitation":"Lowe, B.S., Leer, D.R., Frey, J.W., and Caskey, B.J., 2008, Occurrence and distribution of algal biomass and Its relation to nutrients and selected basin characteristics in Indiana streams, 2001-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5203, Report: x, 146 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085203.","productDescription":"Report: x, 146 p.; Appendixes","startPage":"1","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowe, B. Scott","contributorId":52671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leer, Donald R.","contributorId":91185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frey, Jeffrey W. 0000-0002-3453-5009 jwfrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-5009","contributorId":487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwfrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caskey, Brian J.","contributorId":104119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskey","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97279,"text":"sir20085199 - 2008 - Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20085199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5199","title":"Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Water Year 2006 (October 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006) was a year of extreme hydrologic drought and the driest year in the recent 2002-2006 drought in Oklahoma. The severity of this recent drought can be evaluated by comparing it with four previous major hydrologic droughts, water years 1929-41, 1952-56, 1961-72, and 1976-81. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, completed an investigation to summarize the Water Year 2006 hydrologic drought and compare it to the four previous major hydrologic droughts in the 20th century.\r\n\r\nThe period of water years 1925-2006 was selected as the period of record because before 1925 few continuous record streamflow-gaging sites existed and gaps existed where no streamflow-gaging sites were operated. Statewide annual precipitation in Water Year 2006 was second driest and statewide annual runoff in Water Year 2006 was sixth driest in the 82 years of record.\r\n\r\nAnnual area-averaged precipitation totals by the nine National Weather Service Climate Divisions from Water Year 2006 are compared to those during four previous major hydrologic droughts to show how rainfall deficits in Oklahoma varied by region. Only two of the nine climate divisions, Climate Division 1 Panhandle and Climate Division 4 West Central, had minor rainfall deficits, while the rest of the climate divisions had severe rainfall deficits in Water Year 2006 ranging from only 65 to 73 percent of normal annual precipitation.\r\n\r\nRegional streamflow patterns for Water Year 2006 indicate that Oklahoma was part of the regionwide below-normal streamflow conditions for Arkansas-White-Red River Basin, the sixth driest since 1930. The percentage of long-term stations in Oklahoma (with at least 30 years of record) having below-normal streamflow reached 80 to 85 percent for some days in August and November 2006.\r\n\r\nTwelve long-term streamflow-gaging sites with periods of record ranging from 62 to 78 years were selected to show how streamflow deficits varied by region. The hydrologic drought worsened going from north to south in Oklahoma, ranging from 45 percent in the north, to just 14 percent in east-central Oklahoma, and 20 percent of normal annual streamflow in the southwest.\r\n\r\nThe low streamflows resulted in only 86.3 percent of the statewide conservation storage available at the end of the water year in major reservoirs, and 7 to 47 percent of hydroelectric power generation at sites in Oklahoma in Calendar Year 2005.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., 2008, Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5199, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085199.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12330,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103,33 ], [ -103,38 ], [ -94,38 ], [ -94,33 ], [ -103,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60edc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97271,"text":"sir20085060 - 2008 - Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:30:20","indexId":"sir20085060","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5060","title":"Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The Scituate Reservoir is the primary source of drinking water for more than 60 percent of the population of Rhode Island. Water-quality data and streamflow data collected at 37 surface-water monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, from October 1, 1995 through September 30, 2002, (water years (WY) 1996-2002) were analyzed to determine water-quality conditions and constituent loads in the drainage area. Trends in water quality, including physical properties and concentrations of constituents, were investigated for the same period and for a longer period from October 1, 1982 through September 30, 2002 (WY 1983-2002). Water samples were collected and analyzed by Providence Water Supply Board, the agency that manages the Scituate Reservoir. Streamflow data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. Median values and other summary statistics were calculated for WY 1996-2002 for all 37 monitoring stations for pH, color, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, orthophosphate, iron, and manganese. Instantaneous loads and yields (loads per unit area) of total coliform and E. coli bacteria (indicator bacteria), chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, iron, and manganese were calculated for all sampling dates during WY 1996-2002 for the 23 stations with streamflow data. Values of physical properties and concentrations of constituents were compared to State and Federal water-quality standards and guidelines, and were related to streamflow, land-use characteristics, and road density.\r\n\r\nTributary stream water in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area for WY 1996-2002 was slightly acidic (median pH of all stations equal to 6.1) and contained low concentrations of chloride (median 13 milligrams per liter (mg/L)), nitrate (median 0.04 mg/L as N), and orthophosphate (median 0.04 mg/L as P). Turbidity and alkalinity values also were low with median values of 0.62 nephelometric turbidity units and 4.8 mg/L as calcium carbonate, respectively. Indicator bacteria were detected in samples from all stations, but median concentrations were low, 23 and 9 colony-forming units per 100 mL for total coliform and E. coli bacteria, respectively. Median values of several physical properties and median concentrations of several constituents that can be related to human activities correlated positively with the percentages of developed land and correlated negatively with the percentages of forest cover in the drainage areas of the monitoring stations. Median concentrations of chloride also correlated positively with the density of roads in the drainage areas of monitoring stations, likely reflecting the effects of road-salt applications. Median values of color correlated positively with the percentages of wetlands in the drainage areas of monitoring stations, reflecting the natural sources of color in tributary stream waters. Negative correlations of turbidity, indicator bacteria, and chloride with streamflow likely reflect seasonal patterns, in which higher values and concentrations of these properties and constituents occur during low-flow conditions at the ends of water years. Similar seasonal patterns were observed for pH, alkalinity, and color.\r\n\r\nLoads and yields of chloride, nitrate, orthophosphate, and bacteria varied among monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Loads generally were higher at stations with larger drainage areas and at stations in the eastern, more developed parts of the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Yields generally were higher at stations in the eastern parts of the drainage area. Upward trends in pH were identified for nearly half the monitoring stations and may reflect regional reductions in acid precipitation. Upward and downward trends were identified in chloride concentrations at various stations; upward trends may reflect the effects of increasing development, whereas strong downward trends at","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Nimiroski, M.T., DeSimone, L., and Waldron, M.C., 2008, Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5060, viii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085060.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.","temporalStart":"1983-10-01","temporalEnd":"2002-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5060.jpg"},{"id":12321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.5,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.5,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimiroski, Mark T.","contributorId":65898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimiroski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97221,"text":"fs20083088 - 2008 - Use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to Obtain High-Resolution Elevation Data for Sussex County, Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"fs20083088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3088","title":"Use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to Obtain High-Resolution Elevation Data for Sussex County, Delaware","docAbstract":"Sussex County, Delaware, occupies a 938-square-mile area of low relief near sea level in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The county is bounded on the east by the Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, including a barrier-island system, and inland bays that provide habitat for valuable living resources. Eastern Sussex County is an area of rapid population growth with a long-established beach-resort community, where land elevation is a key factor in determining areas that are appropriate for development. Of concern to State and local planners are evacuation routes inland to escape flooding from severe coastal storms, as most major transportation routes traverse areas of low elevation that are subject to inundation. The western half of the county is typically rural in character, and land use is largely agricultural with some scattered forest land cover. Western Sussex County has several low-relief river flood-prone areas, where accurate high-resolution elevation data are needed for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) studies.\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet describes the methods and techniques used to collect and process LiDAR elevation data, the generation of the digital elevation model (DEM) and the 2-foot contours, and the quality-assurance procedures and results. It indicates where to view metadata on the data sets and where to acquire bare-earth mass points, DEM data, and contour data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Barlow, R.A., Nardi, M.R., and Reyes, B., 2008, Use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to Obtain High-Resolution Elevation Data for Sussex County, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3088, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083088.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3088.jpg"},{"id":12270,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.83333333333333,38.416666666666664 ], [ -75.83333333333333,39 ], [ -75,39 ], [ -75,38.416666666666664 ], [ -75.83333333333333,38.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Roger A. rbarlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":2824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Roger","email":"rbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nardi, Mark R. 0000-0002-7310-8050 mrnardi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-8050","contributorId":1859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardi","given":"Mark","email":"mrnardi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reyes, Betzaida 0000-0002-1398-0824 breyes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-0824","contributorId":2250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Betzaida","email":"breyes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97209,"text":"sir20085223 - 2008 - Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T21:57:50.485022","indexId":"sir20085223","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5223","title":"Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia","docAbstract":"

Potential flow characteristics of future flooding along a 4.8-mile reach of the Flint River in Albany, Georgia, were simulated using recent digital-elevation-model data and the U.S. Geological Survey finite-element surface-water modeling system for two-dimensional flow in the horizontal plane (FESWMS-2DH). The model was run at four water-surface altitudes at the Flint River at Albany streamgage (02352500): 181.5-foot (ft) altitude with a flow of 61,100 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), 184.5-ft altitude with a flow of 75,400 ft3/s, 187.5-ft altitude with a flow of 91,700 ft3/s, and 192.5-ft altitude with a flow of 123,000 ft3/s. The model was run to measure changes in inundated areas and water-surface altitudes for eight scenarios of possible modifications to the 4.8-mile reach on the Flint River. The eight scenarios include removing a human-made peninsula located downstream from Oglethorpe Boulevard, increasing the opening under the Oakridge Drive bridge, adding culverts to the east Oakridge Drive bridge approach, adding culverts to the east and west Oakridge Drive bridge approaches, adding an overflow across the oxbow north of Oakridge Drive, making the overflow into a channel, removing the Oakridge Drive bridge, and adding a combination of an oxbow overflow and culverts on both Oakridge Drive bridge approaches. The modeled inundation and water-surface altitude changes were mapped for use in evaluating the river modifications. The most effective scenario at reducing inundated area was the combination scenario. At the 187.5-ft altitude, the inundated area decreased from 4.24 square miles to 4.00 square miles. The remove-peninsula scenario was the least effective with a reduction in inundated area of less than 0.01 square miles. In all scenarios, the inundated area reduction increased with water-surface altitude, peaking at the 187.5-ft altitude. The inundated area reduction then decreased at the gage altitude of 192.5 ft.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Albany, Georgia, and Dougherty County, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Musser, J.W., 2008, Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5223, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085223.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96512.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany","otherGeospatial":"Flint River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.1833,\n 31.6072\n ],\n [\n -84.1833,\n 31.5375\n ],\n [\n -84.1231,\n 31.5375\n ],\n [\n -84.1231,\n 31.6072\n ],\n [\n -84.1833,\n 31.6072\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a10e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musser, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-3543-0807 jwmusser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0807","contributorId":2266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musser","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwmusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97202,"text":"sir20085087 - 2008 - Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20085087","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5087","title":"Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression","docAbstract":"Water levels beneath parts of Averill Park, a residential hamlet in an upland area of till-mantled shale bedrock in east-central New York, have declined in response to increased withdrawals from new wells. Similar experiences in many upland localities in the northeastern United States have resulted in awareness that the rate of recharge to bedrock can be an important constraint on the density of new development in uplands. Recharge at Averill Park was calculated on the basis of careful estimation of pumpage within a defined cone of depression. The data-collection and recharge-estimation procedures documented herein could be applied in a variety of upland localities in support of community-planning studies.\r\n\r\nStatic water levels measured in 145 wells at Averill Park during the late summer of 2002 defined a 0.54-square-mile cone of depression within which ground-water discharge took place entirely as withdrawals from wells. Rates of withdrawal were estimated largely from surveys in similar neighborhoods a few miles away served by public water supply. Comparison of the water-level measurements in 2002 with measurements on other dates revealed localized declines that could be attributed to new housing developments or commercial demands, but also demonstrated that water levels in 2002 within the cone of depression had stabilized and were not declining persistently over time. Therefore, the current withdrawals were equated to recharge from infiltrating precipitation. Recharge within this area was estimated to average 104 gallons per day per acre, equivalent to 1.4 inches annually, and was sufficient to sustain a residential population of 1.9 persons per acre. This recharge rate is much lower than rates estimated from streamflow records for upland watersheds elsewhere in the northeastern United States. This rate is an average of an unknown larger rate in the 30 percent of the study area where bedrock is discontinuously overlain by less than 30 feet of till and an unknown smaller rate in the remainder of the area where bedrock is overlain by thick till in the form of drumlins. The spatial variation in rate of recharge is inferred from the fact that high heads and strong downward gradients in bedrock, and very hard water with high chloride concentrations caused by winter highway runoff, are largely restricted to the area of discontinuous, thin till.\r\n\r\nWells less than 180 feet deep and distant from highways typically yield water of moderate hardness (50-170 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate) that is caused by dissolution of limestone fragments in the till. Some wells that are more than 180 feet deep yield very soft water (0-50 milligrams per liter) with high pH and high sodium concentrations resulting from ion exchange within the bedrock. Nearly all wells in some areas of thick till yield very soft water.\r\n\r\nMost wells near the center of Averill Park yield less than 3 gallons per minute. The likelihood of obtaining an additional 2 gallons per minute or more by drilling deeper than 200 feet is calculated to be about 25 percent. Most wells west and southwest of the center yield at least 3 gallons per minute, and the liklihood of obtaining an additional 2 gallons per minute or more by drilling deeper than 200 feet is about 50 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085087","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., and Finch, A., 2008, Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5087, Report: vi, 79 p.; 3 Plates: each 18 x 24 inches; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085087.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 79 p.; 3 Plates: each 18 x 24 inches; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":206,"text":"Cooperative Water Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"6000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.56694444444445,42.61694444444444 ], [ -73.56694444444445,42.65 ], [ -73.53361111111111,42.65 ], [ -73.53361111111111,42.61694444444444 ], [ -73.56694444444445,42.61694444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64499a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, Anne","contributorId":27088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97199,"text":"sim2777 - 2008 - Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T10:39:23","indexId":"sim2777","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2777","title":"Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"This 1:100,000-scale digital geologic map details the complex Early Proterozoic granitic rocks, Early Proterozoic supracrustal metamorphic rocks, and Archean crystalline basement of the Black Hills. The granitic rocks host pegmatite deposits renowned for their feldspar, mica, spodumene, and beryl. The supracrustal rocks host the Homestake gold mine, which produced more than 40 million ounces of gold over a 125-year lifetime. The map documents the Laramide deformation of Paleozoic and Mesozoic cover rocks; and shows the distribution of Laramide plutonic rocks associated with precious-metals deposits. Four 1:300,000-scale maps summarize Laramide structures; Early Proterozoic structures; aeromagnetic anomalies; and gravity anomalies. Three 1:500,000-scale maps show geophysical interpretations of buried Early Proterozoic to Archean rocks in western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2777","isbn":"9781411322141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Foundation","usgsCitation":"Redden, J., and DeWitt, E., 2008, Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2777, Report: iv, 44 p.; 2 Map Sheets - Sheet 1: 44 x 61.5 inches, Sheet 2: 43 x 57 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2777.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 44 p.; 2 Map Sheets - Sheet 1: 44 x 61.5 inches, Sheet 2: 43 x 57 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":169,"text":"Central Mineral Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110802,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86264.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86264"},{"id":195790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_pamphlet_508.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349843,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349844,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"14.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349845,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"scale":"0","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,43.5 ], [ -104,44.5 ], [ -103,44.5 ], [ -103,43.5 ], [ -104,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69bd85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redden, Jack A.","contributorId":107347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redden","given":"Jack A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97195,"text":"sir20085002 - 2008 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:13:26.180599","indexId":"sir20085002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5002","displayTitle":"Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, Using Variable-Direction Anisotropy in Hydraulic Conductivity to Represent Bedrock Structure","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow was simulated using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent the folded, fractured sedimentary rocks that underlie the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia and West Virginia. The anisotropy is a consequence of the orientations of fractures that provide preferential flow paths through the rock, such that the direction of maximum hydraulic conductivity is oriented within bedding planes, which generally strike N30 deg E; the direction of minimum hydraulic conductivity is perpendicular to the bedding. The finite-element model SUTRA was used to specify variable directions of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor in order to represent changes in the strike and dip of the bedding throughout the valley.\r\n\r\nThe folded rocks in the valley are collectively referred to as the Massanutten synclinorium, which contains about a 5-km thick section of clastic and carbonate rocks. For the model, the bedrock was divided into four units: a 300-m thick top unit with 10 equally spaced layers through which most ground water is assumed to flow, and three lower units each containing 5 layers of increasing thickness that correspond to the three major rock units in the valley: clastic, carbonate and metamorphic rocks. A separate zone in the carbonate rocks that is overlain by colluvial gravel - called the western-toe carbonate unit - was also distinguished.\r\n\r\nHydraulic-conductivity values were estimated through model calibration for each of the four rock units, using data from 354 wells and 23 streamflow-gaging stations. Conductivity tensors for metamorphic and western-toe carbonate rocks were assumed to be isotropic, while conductivity tensors for carbonate and clastic rocks were assumed to be anisotropic. The directions of the conductivity tensor for carbonate and clastic rocks were interpolated for each mesh element from a stack of 'form surfaces' that provided a three-dimensional representation of bedrock structure. Model simulations were run with (1) variable strike and dip, in which conductivity tensors were aligned with the strike and dip of the bedding, and (2) uniform strike in which conductivity tensors were assumed to be horizontally isotropic with the maximum conductivity direction parallel to the N30 deg E axis of the valley and the minimum conductivity direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Simulated flow penetrated deeper into the aquifer system with the uniform-strike tensor than with the variable-strike-and-dip tensor. Sensitivity analyses suggest that additional information on recharge rates would increase confidence in the estimated parameter values.\r\n\r\nTwo applications of the model were conducted - the first, to determine depth of recent ground-water flow by simulating the distribution of ground-water ages, showed that most shallow ground water is less than 10 years old. Ground-water age distributions computed by variable-strike-and-dip and uniform-strike models were similar, but differed beneath Massanutten Mountain in the center of the valley. The variable-strike-and-dip model simulated flow from west to east parallel to the bedding of the carbonate rocks beneath Massanutten Mountain, while the uniform-strike model, in which flow was largely controlled by topography, simulated this same area as an east-west ground-water divide. The second application, which delineated capture zones for selected well fields in the valley, showed that capture zones delineated with both models were similar in plan view, but differed in vertical extent. Capture zones simulated by the variable-strike-and-dip model extended downdip with the bedding of carbonate rock and were relatively shallow, while those simulated by the uniform-strike model extended to the bottom of the flow system, which is unrealistic. These results suggest that simulations of ground-water flow through folded fractured rock can be constructed using SUTRA to represent variable orientations of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor and produce a","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085002","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Southworth, S.C., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5002, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085002.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/pdf/SIR2008-5002.pdf"},{"id":122425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5002.jpg"},{"id":420918,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86266.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,40 ], [ -77.5,40 ], [ -77.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Southworth, Scott C.","contributorId":93348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}