Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunnienspopulation were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = −5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(84)71806-5","usgsCitation":"Bur, M.T., 1984, Growth, reproduction, mortality, distribution, and biomass of freshwater drum in Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 10, no. 1, p. 48-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(84)71806-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65530e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bur, Michael T.","contributorId":102015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000357,"text":"1000357 - 1984 - Food of young-of-the-year lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Presque Isle Harbor, Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T15:52:36","indexId":"1000357","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food of young-of-the-year lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Presque Isle Harbor, Lake Superior","docAbstract":"The food habits of young lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were studied by examining the digestive tracts of 293 young-of-the-year collected in Presque Isle Harbor, Lake Superior. Lake trout in the 25 to 27-mm length range started to eat food organisms before all of their yolk material was absorbed. Organisms consumed by the 25 to 27-mm young-of-the-year included Chironomidae, Copepoda (Harpacticoida, Calanoida, Cyclopoida), and Cladocerea (Daphnia spp., Bosmina sp., Chydorus sp.). Chironomid pupae and chironomid larvae accounted for 74% and 5%, respectively, of the total volume of food eaten by the young lake trout in Presque Isle Harbor. Although copepods, cladocerans, and mysids were present in many stomachs, their contribution to the total volume of food was only 15%. Some lake trout in the 32 to 54-mm length range had consumed fry of sculpin (Cottus spp.) or rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), but the overall contribution of fish fry to the total volume of food was only 4% (frequency of occurrence, 10%). The lake trout in Presque Isle Harbor fed heavily on planktonic organisms, sparingly on benthic organisms, and were opportunistic feeders that appeared to prey on whatever forage organisms were available in the shallow nearshore waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(84)71841-7","usgsCitation":"Swedberg, D.V., and Peck, J.W., 1984, Food of young-of-the-year lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Presque Isle Harbor, Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 10, no. 3, p. 280-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(84)71841-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"285","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae67c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swedberg, Donald V.","contributorId":50115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swedberg","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, James W.","contributorId":78277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000339,"text":"1000339 - 1984 - Rapid qualitative method for estimating the biomass of submersed macrophytes in large water bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:05","indexId":"1000339","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2180,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid qualitative method for estimating the biomass of submersed macrophytes in large water bodies","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., and Manny, B.A., 1984, Rapid qualitative method for estimating the biomass of submersed macrophytes in large water bodies: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 22, p. 102-104.","productDescription":"p. 102-104","startPage":"102","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":96490,"text":"96490 - 1984 - Pima County water hyacinth pilot treatment plant; a preliminary assessment for Pima County Wastewater Management Department. Task 1 Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"96490","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Pima County water hyacinth pilot treatment plant; a preliminary assessment for Pima County Wastewater Management Department. Task 1 Report","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona-Tucson Office of Arid Lands Studies, College of Agriculture","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Warshall, P., Jennings, M., and Cunningham, B., 1984, Pima County water hyacinth pilot treatment plant; a preliminary assessment for Pima County Wastewater Management Department. Task 1 Report, ix, 110 p.","productDescription":"ix, 110 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68588c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warshall, P.","contributorId":75087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warshall","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, M.","contributorId":6787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, B.","contributorId":46443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000338,"text":"1000338 - 1984 - Distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, in the St. Clair-Detroit River system in 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T15:33:32","indexId":"1000338","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, in the St. Clair-Detroit River system in 1978","docAbstract":"Submersed macrophytes were surveyed at 595 stations located throughout the St. Clair-Detroit River system between Lakes Huron and Erie, 23 August to 13 October 1978. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), first recorded in the system in 1974, became the fourth most common submersed macrophyte in the system by 1978. However, it has not been reported as a widespread nuisance in this system as it has in many other large water bodies in the United States. Observations made during the present study, and interpretation of an aerial photograph, suggest that M. spicatum was a minor nuisance to small boat navigation in portions of the system. Information presented in this study provides a baseline against which future changes in the occurrence of M. spicatum in the St. Clair-Detroit River system can be measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(84)71845-4","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., and Manny, B.A., 1984, Distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, in the St. Clair-Detroit River system in 1978: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 10, no. 3, p. 322-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(84)71845-4.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":96491,"text":"96491 - 1984 - Potential uses of water hyacinths in the Tucson area--an addendum for the Pima County Wastewater Management Department","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"96491","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Potential uses of water hyacinths in the Tucson area--an addendum for the Pima County Wastewater Management Department","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona-Tucson Office of Arid Lands Studies, College of Agriculture","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Warshall, P., and Jennings, M., 1984, Potential uses of water hyacinths in the Tucson area--an addendum for the Pima County Wastewater Management Department, ix, 76 p.","productDescription":"ix, 76 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warshall, P.","contributorId":75087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warshall","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, M.","contributorId":6787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014127,"text":"1014127 - 1984 - Chronobiologic approach to aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T13:33:06.720647","indexId":"1014127","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronobiologic approach to aquaculture","docAbstract":"Diel and seasonal changes in the environment directly or indirectly control many biological functions. Chronobiology, the study of biological functions in relation to time of day, time of year, lunar phases, and other consistent cues, could have important applications in aquaculture. Physiological conditions that vary seasonally include feeding time, tolerance of fish to stress, the state of gonad development, lipid and water content of muscle tissue, and the dress‐out weight of food fish. The quality of cultured fish may vary with the time of day when fish are fed, seined, graded, treated with therapeutic chemicals, injected with hormones, or physically disturbed. Efficiency of production and quality of aquacultural products might be improved if the activities of fish husbandry were timed to coincide with the biological rhythms of fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1984)113<545:CATA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parker, N., 1984, Chronobiologic approach to aquaculture: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 113, no. 4, p. 545-552, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1984)113<545:CATA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"552","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0fa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013982,"text":"70013982 - 1984 - Casto Ring Zone: A 4,500-km2 fossil hydrothermal system in the Challis Volcanic Field, central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T12:33:15.63151","indexId":"70013982","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Casto Ring Zone: A 4,500-km2 fossil hydrothermal system in the Challis Volcanic Field, central Idaho","docAbstract":"δ18O analyses of granitic and volcanic rocks reveal the largest hydrothermal system ever documented around a single granite pluton, occupying a 4,500-km2 area in central Idaho. The remains of this meteoric-hydrothermal system are principally preserved within a sharply bounded, 15-km-wide, 70-km-diameter annulus of low δ18O rock (+2.0 to −8.8‰) termed the Casto Ring Zone. The zone centered on a less depleted (+4.5) core zone consisting of granitic rocks of the Casto pluton. This 700-km2 Eocene subvolcanic batholith has intruded, domed, and hydrothermally metamorphosed a thick sequence of Challis Volcanics, the stratigraphically low rocks in the 2,000-km2 Van Horn Peak and the 1,000-km2 Thunder Mountain cauldron complexes being most strongly altered. Less extreme 18O depletions occur in the youngest major ash-flow sheets of these complexes, indicating a vertical 18O gradient. Water/rock ratios of geothermal systems are surprisingly insensitive to the circulation scale.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Butterworth Publ.","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., Jackson, G.A., and Korschgen, C.E., 1984, Water chemistry at selected sites on Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River: A ten-year survey, chap. 13 of Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River, p. 279-298.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.59356335138909\n ],\n [\n -91.21818267063998,\n 43.58025386259334\n ],\n [\n -91.19776610225634,\n 43.751572890330124\n ],\n [\n -91.23451592534718,\n 43.817901218956905\n ],\n [\n -91.22022432747842,\n 43.88121285751282\n ],\n [\n -91.26922409159957,\n 43.926814440909\n ],\n [\n -91.39376515873988,\n 43.998823115659604\n ],\n [\n -91.43663995234563,\n 43.99001041637359\n ],\n [\n -91.35089036513413,\n 43.897398062925504\n ],\n [\n -91.29984894417504,\n 43.825266490270934\n ],\n [\n -91.29168231682168,\n 43.78990490141615\n ],\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.77516472762318\n ],\n [\n -91.28759900314476,\n 43.67926501656808\n ],\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.59356335138909\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e14","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.C.","contributorId":111357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504461,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.V.","contributorId":18474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504459,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConville, D.R.","contributorId":59528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConville","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504460,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, G. A.","contributorId":73138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, C. 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T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, F.B.","contributorId":30174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duebbert, Harold F.","contributorId":11544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebbert","given":"Harold F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, G.A.","contributorId":49299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013848,"text":"70013848 - 1984 - CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY ALTERATION IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASALT BY BACKSCATTERED ELECTRON IMAGING AND ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013848","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY ALTERATION IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASALT BY BACKSCATTERED ELECTRON IMAGING AND ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY.","docAbstract":"The thick sequences of flood basalts which underlie the Columbia River basin are important aquifiers, providing water for both agricultural and domestic use. Secondary alteration in these rocks occurs primarily as coatings or fillings in fractures and vesicles; alteration is generally believed to have occurred at low temperatures ( less than 100 C) by reaction with meteroic waters. The distribution and compositional variation of secondary minerals are therefore of major interest. This paper focuses on the compositional variation of the major alteration products and on present formulas based on the mean composition of these phases, and suggests possible reactions for the observed sequence of alteration.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Annual Conference - Microbeam Analysis Society","conferenceTitle":"Microbeam Analysis 1984, Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Microbeam Analysis Society.","conferenceLocation":"Bethlehem, PA, USA","language":"English","issn":"01466275","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Steinkampf, W., and Brown, Z.A., 1984, CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY ALTERATION IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASALT BY BACKSCATTERED ELECTRON IMAGING AND ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY., in Proceedings, Annual Conference - Microbeam Analysis Society, Bethlehem, PA, USA, p. 145-148.","startPage":"145","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cbe4b0c8380cd4b39a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Romig Alton D.Jr.Goldstein Joseph I.","contributorId":128315,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Romig Alton D.Jr.Goldstein Joseph I.","id":536283,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, P.P.","contributorId":18380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinkampf, W.C.","contributorId":8137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinkampf","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180838,"text":"70180838 - 1984 - Waste water management techniques at the United States national fish hatcheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:26:40","indexId":"70180838","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Waste water management techniques at the United States national fish hatcheries","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","conferenceTitle":"13th annual aquaculture panel of the United States/Japan natural resources meeting","conferenceDate":"October-November 1984","conferenceLocation":"Osaka, Japan","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fox, A., 1984, Waste water management techniques at the United States national fish hatcheries, 13th annual aquaculture panel of the United States/Japan natural resources meeting, Osaka, Japan, October-November 1984.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d6e4b0fa1e59bc1ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, Adam G.","contributorId":179021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85642,"text":"85642 - 1984 - Waterfowl get sick, too","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85642","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Waterfowl get sick, too","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flyways: Pioneering Waterfowl Management in North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1984, Waterfowl get sick, too, chap. of Flyways: Pioneering Waterfowl Management in North America, p. 478-485.","productDescription":"p. 478-485","startPage":"478","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15372,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10899627&referer=brief_results","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5303.000000000000000"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c40","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hawkins, A.S.","contributorId":29085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504626,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, R.C.","contributorId":111613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504628,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, H.K.","contributorId":21489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504625,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, H.M.","contributorId":92634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223628,"text":"5223628 - 1984 - The toxicity of chlorine to a common vascular aquatic plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T16:06:52.763079","indexId":"5223628","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The toxicity of chlorine to a common vascular aquatic plant","docAbstract":"Myriophyllum spicatum was exposed to various chlorine concentrations on a continuous and intermittent basis in 96-h toxicity studies utilizing a proportional diluter. Continuous exposure to chlorine concentrations as low as 0.05 mg l−1 total residual chlorine (TRC) depressed shoot and total plant dry weights approx. 30% relative to controls. Shoot length was depressed approx. 16% at this concentration. Chlorophyll a was depressed 25% at 0.1 mg l−1 TRC. However, intermittent exposure of plants to chlorine for three 2-h periods daily for 96 h indicated an insensitivity to repeated short term chlorine exposure at all concentrations but 1.0 mg l−1 TRC. These results indicate that high level chlorine discharges from waste water facilities and electric generating plants could be a contributing factor impacting nearby submerged aquatic vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0043-1354(84)90256-2","usgsCitation":"Watkins, C., and Hammerschlag, R., 1984, The toxicity of chlorine to a common vascular aquatic plant: Water Research, v. 18, no. 8, p. 1037-1043, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(84)90256-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634bbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, C.H.","contributorId":82026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammerschlag, R.S.","contributorId":78050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschlag","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013225,"text":"70013225 - 1984 - Application of mineral-solution equilibria to geochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in two basins in west central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:24:07.535841","indexId":"70013225","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of mineral-solution equilibria to geochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in two basins in west central Utah","docAbstract":"A geochemical survey utilizing mainly ground waters was conducted in the Milford and Beaver basins. Waters were collected mainly from wells and springs at 100 sites and analyzed for major and minor elements. A computer model (WATEQ3) was used to calculate the redox potential and the state of saturation of the waters with respect to uraninite, coffinite, and other mineral phases. Several areas in the basins were shown to have ground-water environments of reducing redox potentials which are favorable for precipitation of reduced uranium minerals. In addition, the ground waters in some of these areas were shown to be saturated or near saturation with respect to uraninite and coffinite. These areas do not necessarily coincide with areas containing the highest concentrations of uranium in ground water. The methods described in this study for hydrogeochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits may have wide application, particularly throughout those filled basins in the western United States where nearby sources for uranium exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.79.2.266","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Wanty, R., and McHugh, J.B., 1984, Application of mineral-solution equilibria to geochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in two basins in west central Utah: Economic Geology, v. 79, no. 2, p. 266-283, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.2.266.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca7e4b0c8380cd493ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013310,"text":"70013310 - 1984 - Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:29:01","indexId":"70013310","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream","docAbstract":"An experimental injection was performed to study the transport of stream water solutes under conditions of significant interaction with streambed sediments in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream. Experiments were conducted in Little Lost Man Creek, Humboldt County, California, in a period of low flow duringwhich only a part of the bank-full channel held active surface flow. The injection of chloride and several trace cations lasted 20 days. In this report we discuss the results of the first 24 hours of the injection and survey the results of the first 10 days. Solute-streambed interactions of two types were observed. First, the physical transport of the conservative tracer, chloride, was affected by intergravel flow and stagnant watt, zones created by the bed relief. Second, the transport of the cations (strontium, potassium, and lithium) was appreciably modified by sorption onto streambed sediment. In the stream the readily observable consequence of the solute-streambed interactions was an attenuation of the dissolved concentration of each of the tracers. The attenuation in the stream channel occurred concurrently with the storage of tracers in the streambed via both physical and chemical processes. All tracers were subsequently present in shallow wells dug several meters from the wetted part of the channel. Sediment samples collected approximately 3 weeks after the start of the injection contained increased concentrations of the injected cations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i012p01797","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Kennedy, V.C., Zellweger, G.W., Jackman, A.P., and Avanzino, R.J., 1984, Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 12, p. 1797-1803, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i012p01797.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1803","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Little Lost Man Creek","volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd0e4b0c8380cd6307f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013309,"text":"70013309 - 1984 - Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T11:03:59","indexId":"70013309","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese crusts on raised areas of the ocean floor have joined abyssal manganese nodules and hydrothermal sulfides as potential marine resources. Significant volumes of cobalt-rich (about 1% Co) crusts have been identified to date within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Central Pacific: in the NW Hawaiian Ridge and Seamount region and in the seamounts in the Johnston Island and Palmyra Island regions. Large volumes of lower grade crusts, slabs, and nodules are also present in shallow ( greater than 1000 m) waters on the Blake plateau, off Florida-South Carolina in the Atlantic Ocean. Data on ferromanganese crusts have been increased by recent German and USGS cruises, but are still sparse, and other regions having crust potential are under current investigation. The authors discuss economic potentials for cobalt-rich crusts in the Central Pacific and Western North Atlantic oceans, with special reference to US EEZ areas. Additional research is needed before more quantitative resource estimates can be made.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceans '84 : Conference record : Industry, government, education - Designs for the future","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Oceans '84 Conference & Exposition, Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education, Designs for the Future.","conferenceDate":"September 10-12, 1984","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152203","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Commeau, R., Clark, A., Johnson, C., Manheim, F., Aruscavage, P.J., and Lane, C., 1984, Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, in Oceans '84 : Conference record : Industry, government, education - Designs for the future, Washington, DC, September 10-12, 1984, p. 421-430, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152203.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e73e4b0c8380cd5346a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Commeau, R.F.","contributorId":62194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, A.","contributorId":50476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aruscavage, P. J.","contributorId":41411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aruscavage","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, C.M.","contributorId":97488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70013306,"text":"70013306 - 1984 - Hydrogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline meromictic desert lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:14:27.761589","indexId":"70013306","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline meromictic desert lake","docAbstract":"Big Soda Lake, located near Fallon, Nevada, occupies an explosion crater rimmed by basaltic debris; volcanic activity apparently ceased within the last 10,000 years. This lake has been selected for a detailed multidisciplinary study that will ultimately cover the organic and inorganic hydrogeochemistry of water and sediments because the time at which chemical stratification was initiated is known (~1920) and chemical analyses are available for a period of more than 100 years.
Detailed chemical analyses of the waters show that the lake is at present alkaline (
Chemical and stable isotope analyses of the waters,
(1) evaporation and exchange with atmosphere, the dominant processes,
(2) mineral-water interactions, including dissolution, precipitation and ion exchange,
(3) inflow and outflow of ground water and
(4) biological activity of macro- and microorganisms, including sulfate reduction in the water column of the deeper layer at a very high rate of 6.6 μmol L−1 day−1.
The two-phase boundary of seawater was determined by isothermal decompression of fully condensed seawater in the range of 200–500°C. The pressure at which phase separation occurred for each isotherm was determined by a comparison of the refractive index of fluid removed from the top and bottom of the reaction vessel. The critical point was determined to be in the range of 403–406°C, 285–302 bar and was located by the inflection in the two-phase boundary and by the relative volume of fluid and vapor as a function of temperature. The two-phase boundary of 3.2% NaCl solution was found to coincide exactly with that of seawater over the range tested in the present study. The boundary for both is described by a single seventh-order polynomial equation. The two-phase boundary defines the maximum temperature of seawater circulating at depth in the oceanic crust. Thus the boundary puts a limit of about 390°C for seawater circulating near the seafloor at active ocean ridges (2.5 km water depth), and about 465°C at the top of a magma chamber occurring at 2 km below the seafloor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(84)90149-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1984, The critical point and two-phase boundary of seawater, 200–500°C: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 68, no. 1, p. 172-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90149-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa70e4b08c986b32282c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013274,"text":"70013274 - 1984 - Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T01:16:04.658224","indexId":"70013274","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"Six hydrothermal vent sites and associated benthic communities were located in the axial valley of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge using transponder-navigated bottom photography. The hydrothermal deposits form ledges and shallow mounds within a central zone characterized by a linear bathymetric depression and numerous collapse features. The flat valley floor adjacent to the central zone consists of ferrobasalt lobate flows and sheet flows; sediment cover is minimal. Vent sites are characterized by concentrations of tube worms, clams, benthic siphonophores, and several unidentified fauna.
Two types of massive sulfide were dredged from one of the vent sites. Type A samples are angular slabs of dark gray Zn-rich sulfide with interlayers and a thin, partly oxidized crust of Fe sulfide. These layered sulfide aggregates appear to be fragments of a sulfide wall enclosing an active hydrothermal vent. The outer sulfide wall is composed mainly of colloform Fe sulfide and Fe-poor sphalerite deposited under lower-temperature conditions whereby sea water and hydrothermal fluid mix above the discharge point. With continued sulfide deposition, the wall inhibits mixing of sea water and hydrothermal fluid. Inside the wall, the intensifying hydrothermal system deposits a higher-temperature assemblage of granular Fe-rich sphalerite, wurtzite, pyrite, and minor Cu-Fe sulfide. The zonation in wurtzite from Fe-rich cores to Fe-poor rims may result from a late-stage cooling of the hydrothermal fluid and(or) a change in fluid chemistry. The sulfide wall grows outward where a rupture in it permits the escape of high-temperature fluid and then deposition of a secondary shell over the breakthrough point. As temperature increases, earlier-formed minerals dissolve, and Zn, Fe, and Pb migrate toward the outer sulfide wall. Tube worms flourished in the outer wall of type A samples, and abandoned tube structures served as conduits for the late-stage hydrothermal fluids.
Type B sulfide samples are subrounded, spongy-textured fragments composed almost entirely of dendritic aggregates of pale, Fe-poor colloform sphalerite and opaline silica. This type of sulfide is deposited in open space by moderate- to low-temperature fluid discharging at a slow but variable rate; the fluid becomes increasingly oxidizing, resulting in late-stage deposition of hematite, barite, and sulfur. Type B samples show little evidence of burrowing animals; this type of sulfide may be deposited in settings peripheral to sites of focused discharge.