{"pageNumber":"2071","pageRowStart":"51750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184742,"records":[{"id":70032491,"text":"70032491 - 2009 - Major- and trace-element characterization, expanded distribution, and a new chronology for the latest Pleistocene Glacier Peak tephras in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032491","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major- and trace-element characterization, expanded distribution, and a new chronology for the latest Pleistocene Glacier Peak tephras in western North America","docAbstract":"The Glacier Peak tephra beds are among the most widespread and arguably some of the most important late Pleistocene chronostratigraphic markers in western North America. These beds represent a series of closely-spaced Plinian and sub-Plinian eruptions from Glacier Peak, Washington. The two most widespread beds, Glacier Peak 'G' and 'B', are reliably distinguished by their glass major and trace element abundances. These beds are also more broadly distributed than previously considered, covering at least 550,000 and 260,000??km2, respectively. A third bed, the Irvine bed, known only from southern Alberta, is similar in its major-element composition to the Glacier Peak G bed, but it shows considerable differences in trace element concentrations. The Irvine bed is likely considerably older than the G and B tephras and probably records an additional Plinian eruption, perhaps also from Glacier Peak but from a different magma than G through B. A review of the published radiocarbon ages, new ages in this study, and consideration in a Bayesian framework suggest that the widespread G and B beds are several hundred years older than widely assumed. Our revised age is about 11,600??14C yr BP or a calibrated age (at 2 sigma) of 13,710-13,410??cal yr BP. ?? 2008 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.003","issn":"00335","usgsCitation":"Kuehn, S., Froese, D., Carrara, P., Foit, F., Pearce, N., and Rotheisler, P., 2009, Major- and trace-element characterization, expanded distribution, and a new chronology for the latest Pleistocene Glacier Peak tephras in western North America: Quaternary Research, v. 71, no. 2, p. 201-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.003.","startPage":"201","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.003"},{"id":241552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c27e4b0c8380cd69a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuehn, S.C.","contributorId":95701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehn","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froese, D.G.","contributorId":41197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froese","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrara, P. E.","contributorId":33727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foit, F.F. Jr.","contributorId":77749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foit","given":"F.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearce, N.J.G.","contributorId":75763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"N.J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rotheisler, P.","contributorId":13448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotheisler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032463,"text":"70032463 - 2009 - Species richness, equitability, and abundance of ants in disturbed landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032463","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness, equitability, and abundance of ants in disturbed landscapes","docAbstract":"Ants are used as indicators of environmental change in disturbed landscapes, often without adequate understanding of their response to disturbance. Ant communities in the southeastern United States displayed a hump-backed species richness curve against an index of landscape disturbance. Forty sites at Fort Benning, in west-central Georgia, covered a spectrum of habitat disturbance (military training and fire) in upland forest. Sites disturbed by military training had fewer trees, less canopy cover, more bare ground, and warmer, more compact soils with shallower A-horizons. We sampled ground-dwelling ants with pitfall traps, and measured 15 habitat variables related to vegetation and soil. Ant species richness was greatest with a relative disturbance of 43%, but equitability was greatest with no disturbance. Ant abundance was greatest with a relative disturbance of 85%. High species richness at intermediate disturbance was associated with greater within-site spatial heterogeneity. Species richness was also associated with intermediate values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a correlate of net primary productivity (NPP). Available NPP (the product of NDVI and the fraction of days that soil temperature exceeded 25 ??C), however, was positively correlated with species richness, though not with ant abundance. Species richness was unrelated to soil texture, total ground cover, and fire frequency. Ant species richness and equitability are potential state indicators of the soil arthropod community. Moreover, equitability can be used to monitor ecosystem change. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.003","issn":"14701","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., Krzysik, A., Kovacic, D., Duda, J., Freeman, D., Emlen, J., Zak, J., Long, W., Wallace, M., Chamberlin-Graham, C., Nutter, J., and Balbach, H., 2009, Species richness, equitability, and abundance of ants in disturbed landscapes: Ecological Indicators, v. 9, no. 5, p. 866-877, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.003.","startPage":"866","endPage":"877","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213940,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.003"},{"id":241616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9511e4b08c986b31ad19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, J.H.","contributorId":77322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krzysik, A.J.","contributorId":63188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krzysik","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kovacic, D.A.","contributorId":102207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovacic","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zak, J.C.","contributorId":82097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zak","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Long, W.R.","contributorId":14204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wallace, M.P.","contributorId":66816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chamberlin-Graham, C.","contributorId":41228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamberlin-Graham","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nutter, J.P.","contributorId":24182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutter","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Balbach, H.E.","contributorId":58852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balbach","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70032851,"text":"70032851 - 2009 - Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70032851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle","docAbstract":"The critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) is considered to be one of the rarest birds of prey globally and at significant risk of extinction. In the most recent census, only 222 adult individuals were recorded with an estimated total breeding population of no more than 100-120 pairs. Here, levels of Madagascar fish-eagle population genetic diversity based on 47 microsatellite loci were compared with its sister species, the African fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), and 16 of these loci were also characterized in the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Overall, extremely low genetic diversity was observed in the Madagascar fish-eagle compared to other surveyed Haliaeetus species. Determining whether this low diversity is the result of a recent bottleneck or a more historic event has important implications for their conservation. Using a Bayesian coalescent-based method, we show that Madagascar fish-eagles have maintained a small effective population size for hundreds to thousands of years and that its low level of neutral genetic diversity is not the result of a recent bottleneck. Therefore, efforts made to prevent Madagascar fish-eagle extinction should place high priority on maintenance of habitat requirements and reducing direct and indirect human persecution. Given the current rate of deforestation in Madagascar, we further recommend that the population be expanded to occupy a larger geographical distribution. This will help the population persist when exposed to stochastic factors (e.g. climate and disease) that may threaten a species consisting of only 200 adult individuals while inhabiting a rapidly changing landscape. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x","issn":"09621","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.A., Tingay, R., Culver, M., Hailer, F., Clarke, M., and Mindell, D., 2009, Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle: Molecular Ecology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 54-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x.","startPage":"54","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214090,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49a9e4b0c8380cd687bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. A.","contributorId":88375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tingay, R.E.","contributorId":21765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingay","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culver, M.","contributorId":92462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hailer, F.","contributorId":49184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hailer","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clarke, M.L.","contributorId":101086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mindell, D.P.","contributorId":67187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mindell","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032847,"text":"70032847 - 2009 - Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032847","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 ??g/l, the United States maximum contaminant level and the World Health Organization guideline value, are frequently reported in groundwater from bedrock and unconsolidated aquifers of southeastern Michigan. Although arsenic-bearing minerals (including arsenian pyrite and oxide/hydroxide phases) have been identified in Marshall Sandstone bedrock of the Mississippian aquifer system and in tills of the unconsolidated aquifer system, mechanisms responsible for arsenic mobilization and subsequent transport in groundwater are equivocal. Recent evidence has begun to suggest that groundwater recharge and characteristics of well construction may affect arsenic mobilization and transport. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between dissolved arsenic concentrations, reported groundwater recharge rates, well construction characteristics, and geology in unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers. Results of multiple linear regression analyses indicate that arsenic contamination is more prevalent in bedrock wells that are cased in proximity to the bedrock-unconsolidated interface; no other factors were associated with arsenic contamination in water drawn from bedrock or unconsolidated aquifers. Conditions appropriate for arsenic mobilization may be found along the bedrock-unconsolidated interface, including changes in reduction/oxidation potential and enhanced biogeochemical activity because of differences between geologic strata. These results are valuable for understanding arsenic mobilization and guiding well construction practices in southeastern Michigan, and may also provide insights for other regions faced with groundwater arsenic contamination. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x","issn":"02694","usgsCitation":"Meliker, J., Slotnick, M., Avruskin, G., Haack, S., and Nriagu, J.O., 2009, Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x.","startPage":"147","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x"},{"id":241708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3ee4b0c8380cd62361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meliker, J.R.","contributorId":56456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meliker","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotnick, M.J.","contributorId":38373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotnick","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avruskin, G.A.","contributorId":30463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avruskin","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nriagu, J. O.","contributorId":46316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nriagu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032842,"text":"70032842 - 2009 - Rapid detection of Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032842","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2169,"text":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid detection of Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique","docAbstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to examine a rapid method for detecting Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water. Methods and Results: Water samples were assayed for E. coli and enterococci by traditional and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (IMS/ATP) methods. Three sample treatments were evaluated for the IMS/ATP method: double filtration, single filtration, and direct analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis showed strong, significant, linear relations between IMS/ATP and traditional methods for all sample treatments; strongest linear correlations were with the direct analysis (r = 0.62 and 0.77 for E. coli and enterococci, respectively). Additionally, simple linear regression was used to estimate bacteria concentrations as a function of IMS/ATP results. The correct classification of water-quality criteria was 67% for E. coli and 80% for enterococci. Conclusions: The IMS/ATP method is a viable alternative to traditional methods for faecal-indicator bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: The IMS/ATP method addresses critical public health needs for the rapid detection of faecal-indicator contamination and has potential for satisfying US legislative mandates requiring methods to detect bathing water contamination in 2 h or less. Moreover, IMS/ATP equipment is considerably less costly and more portable than that for molecular methods, making the method suitable for field applications. ?? 2009 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04011.x","issn":"13645","usgsCitation":"Bushon, R., Brady, A., Likirdopulos, C., and Cireddu, J., 2009, Rapid detection of Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique: Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 106, no. 2, p. 432-441, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04011.x.","startPage":"432","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213960,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04011.x"},{"id":241637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94cde4b0c8380cd81614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bushon, R.N.","contributorId":68086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, A.M.","contributorId":13819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Likirdopulos, C.A.","contributorId":6265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likirdopulos","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cireddu, J.V.","contributorId":55653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cireddu","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032841,"text":"70032841 - 2009 - Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:50:29","indexId":"70032841","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","docAbstract":"<p>1. We investigated diurnal nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) concentration variability in the San Joaquin River using an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>optical NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sensor and discrete sampling during a 5‐day summer period characterized by high algal productivity. Dual NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>) and dissolved oxygen isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>DO</sub>) were measured over 2 days to assess NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sources and biogeochemical controls over diurnal time‐scales.</p><p>2. Concerted temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>DO</sub>were consistent with photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>exchange, providing evidence of diurnal biological processes independent of river discharge.</p><p>3. Surface water NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations varied by up to 22% over a single diurnal cycle and up to 31% over the 5‐day study, but did not reveal concerted diurnal patterns at a frequency comparable to DO concentrations. The decoupling of δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>isotopes suggests that algal assimilation and denitrification are not major processes controlling diurnal NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>variability in the San Joaquin River during the study. The lack of a clear explanation for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>variability likely reflects a combination of riverine biological processes and time‐varying physical transport of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from upstream agricultural drains to the mainstem San Joaquin River.</p><p>4. The application of an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>optical NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sensor along with discrete samples provides a view into the fine temporal structure of hydrochemical data and may allow for greater accuracy in pollution assessment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x","issn":"00465","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B.A., Downing, B.D., Kendall, C., Dahlgren, R., Kraus, T.E., Saraceno, J., Spencer, R., and Bergamaschi, B., 2009, Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 376-387, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf0e4b0c8380cd49b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":1452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032401,"text":"70032401 - 2009 - Assessing the response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032401","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach","docAbstract":"Fire is a common disturbance in the North American boreal forest that influences ecosystem structure and function. The temporal and spatial dynamics of fire are likely to be altered as climate continues to change. In this study, we ask the question: how will area burned in boreal North America by wildfire respond to future changes in climate? To evaluate this question, we developed temporally and spatially explicit relationships between air temperature and fuel moisture codes derived from the Canadian Fire Weather Index System to estimate annual area burned at 2.5?? (latitude ?? longitude) resolution using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) approach across Alaska and Canada. Burned area was substantially more predictable in the western portion of boreal North America than in eastern Canada. Burned area was also not very predictable in areas of substantial topographic relief and in areas along the transition between boreal forest and tundra. At the scale of Alaska and western Canada, the empirical fire models explain on the order of 82% of the variation in annual area burned for the period 1960-2002. July temperature was the most frequently occurring predictor across all models, but the fuel moisture codes for the months June through August (as a group) entered the models as the most important predictors of annual area burned. To predict changes in the temporal and spatial dynamics of fire under future climate, the empirical fire models used output from the Canadian Climate Center CGCM2 global climate model to predict annual area burned through the year 2100 across Alaska and western Canada. Relative to 1991-2000, the results suggest that average area burned per decade will double by 2041-2050 and will increase on the order of 3.5-5.5 times by the last decade of the 21st century. To improve the ability to better predict wildfire across Alaska and Canada, future research should focus on incorporating additional effects of long-term and successional vegetation changes on area burned to account more fully for interactions among fire, climate, and vegetation dynamics. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01679.x","issn":"13541","usgsCitation":"Balshi, M.S., McGuire, A., Duffy, P., Flannigan, M., Walsh, J., and Melillo, J., 2009, Assessing the response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 578-600, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01679.x.","startPage":"578","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01679.x"},{"id":241678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edefe4b0c8380cd49b07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balshi, M. S.","contributorId":9469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balshi","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffy, P.","contributorId":40435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flannigan, M.","contributorId":62391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannigan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13540,"text":"Canadian Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsh, J.","contributorId":40813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melillo, J.","contributorId":33081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13206,"text":"Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032808,"text":"70032808 - 2009 - Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Multispectral satellite data have become a common tool used in the mapping of wildland fire effects. Fire severity, defined as the degree to which a site has been altered, is often the variable mapped. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) used in an absolute difference change detection protocol (dNBR), has become the remote sensing method of choice for US Federal land management agencies to map fire severity due to wildland fire. However, absolute differenced vegetation indices are correlated to the pre-fire chlorophyll content of the vegetation occurring within the fire perimeter. Normalizing dNBR to produce a relativized dNBR (RdNBR) removes the biasing effect of the pre-fire condition. Employing RdNBR hypothetically allows creating categorical classifications using the same thresholds for fires occurring in similar vegetation types without acquiring additional calibration field data on each fire. In this paper we tested this hypothesis by developing thresholds on random training datasets, and then comparing accuracies for (1) fires that occurred within the same geographic region as the training dataset and in similar vegetation, and (2) fires from a different geographic region that is climatically and floristically similar to the training dataset region but supports more complex vegetation structure. We additionally compared map accuracies for three measures of fire severity: the composite burn index (CBI), percent change in tree canopy cover, and percent change in tree basal area. User's and producer's accuracies were highest for the most severe categories, ranging from 70.7% to 89.1%. Accuracies of the moderate fire severity category for measures describing effects only to trees (percent change in canopy cover and basal area) indicated that the classifications were generally not much better than random. Accuracies of the moderate category for the CBI classifications were somewhat better, averaging in the 50%-60% range. These results underscore the difficulty in isolating fire effects to individual vegetation strata when fire effects are mixed. We conclude that the models presented here and in Miller and Thode ([Miller, J.D. & Thode, A.E., (2007). Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Remote Sensing of Environment, 109, 66-80.]) can produce fire severity classifications (using either CBI, or percent change in canopy cover or basal area) that are of similar accuracy in fires not used in the original calibration process, at least in conifer dominated vegetation types in Mediterranean-climate California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Knapp, E.E., Key, C., Skinner, C., Isbell, C., Creasy, R., and Sherlock, J., 2009, Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 3, p. 645-656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009.","startPage":"645","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009"},{"id":241669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30fe4b0c8380cd4b59e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, E. E.","contributorId":54938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, C.N.","contributorId":19909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isbell, C.J.","contributorId":19381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isbell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creasy, R.M.","contributorId":33543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasy","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherlock, J.W.","contributorId":87766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherlock","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032655,"text":"70032655 - 2009 - Seasonal stability of Cladophora-associated Salmonella in Lake Michigan watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032655","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal stability of Cladophora-associated Salmonella in Lake Michigan watersheds","docAbstract":"The bacterial pathogens Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were recently found to be associated with Cladophora growing in southern Lake Michigan. Preliminary results indicated that the Salmonella strains associated with Cladophora were genetically identical to each other. However, because of the small sample size (n = 37 isolates) and a lack of information on spatial-temporal relationships, the nature of the association between Cladophora and Salmonella remained speculative. In this study, we investigated the population structure and genetic relatedness of a large number of Cladophora-borne Salmonella isolates from Lake Michigan (n = 133), as well as those isolated from stream and lake water (n = 31), aquatic plants (n = 8), and beach sands and sediments (n = 8) from adjacent watersheds. Salmonella isolates were collected during 2005-2007 between May and August from Lake Michigan beachsheds in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana. The genetic relatedness of Salmonella isolates was examined by using the horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced rep-PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprinting technique. While the Salmonella isolates associated with Cladophora exhibited a high degree of genetic relatedness (???92% similarity), the isolates were not all genetically identical. Spatial and temporal relationships were evident in the populations examined, with tight clustering of the isolates both by year and location. These findings suggest that the relationship between Salmonella and Cladophora is likely casual and is related to input sources (e.g. wastewater, runoff, birds) and the predominant Salmonella genotype surviving in the environment during a given season. Our studies indicate that Cladophora is likely an important reservoir for Salmonella and other enteric bacterial pathogens in Lake Michigan beachsheds, which in turn may influence nearshore water quality. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.012","issn":"00431","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Sawdey, R., Ishii, S., Shively, D., Ferguson, J., Whitman, R., and Sadowsky, M., 2009, Seasonal stability of Cladophora-associated Salmonella in Lake Michigan watersheds: Water Research, v. 43, no. 3, p. 806-814, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.012.","startPage":"806","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213797,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.012"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88d9e4b08c986b316bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawdey, R.","contributorId":35962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawdey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ishii, S.","contributorId":59613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferguson, J.A.","contributorId":100621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sadowsky, M.J.","contributorId":19337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032806,"text":"70032806 - 2009 - The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:58:07","indexId":"70032806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>InSAR is particularly sensitive to vertical displacements, which can be important in distinguishing between mechanisms responsible for the postseismic response to large earthquakes (afterslip, viscoelastic relaxation). We produce maps of the surface displacements resulting from the postseismic response to the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, using data from the Canadian Radarsat-1 satellite from the periods summer 2003, summer 2004 and summer 2005. A peak-to-trough signal of amplitude 4 cm in the satellite line of sight was observed between summer 2003 and summer 2004. By the period between summer 2004 and summer 2005, the displacement rate had dropped below the threshold required for observation with InSAR over a single year. The InSAR observations show that the principal postseismic relaxation process acted at a depth of ∼50 km, equivalent to the top of the mantle. However, the observations are still incapable of distinguishing between distributed (viscoelastic relaxation) and localized (afterslip) deformation. The imposed coseismic stresses are highest in the lower crust and, assuming a Maxwell rheology, a viscosity ratio of at least 5 between lower crust and upper mantle is required to explain the contrast in behaviour. The lowest misfits are produced by mixed models of viscoelastic relaxation in the mantle and shallow afterslip in the upper crust. Profiles perpendicular to the fault show significant asymmetry, which is consistent with differences in rheological structure across the fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x","issn":"09565","usgsCitation":"Biggs, J., Burgmann, R., Freymueller, J., Lu, Z., Parsons, B., Ryder, I., Schmalzle, G., and Wright, T., 2009, The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005: Geophysical Journal International, v. 176, no. 2, p. 353-367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487686,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.03932.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x"}],"volume":"176","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baea7e4b08c986b32424f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, J.","contributorId":59241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, J.T.","contributorId":51482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parsons, B.","contributorId":54017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryder, I.","contributorId":11422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmalzle, G.","contributorId":44364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmalzle","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wright, Tim","contributorId":35942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032556,"text":"70032556 - 2009 - New permian fusulinids from conglomerate mesa, southeastern inyo Mountains, east-central california","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032556","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New permian fusulinids from conglomerate mesa, southeastern inyo Mountains, east-central california","docAbstract":"In the Conglomerate Mesa area in the southeastern Inyo Mountains, east-central California, a series of distinctive fusulinid assemblages ranging in age from late Artinskian to Kungurian or Roadian was developed in units 7-10 of the sedimentary rocks of Santa Rosa Flat (part of the Owens Valley Group). The fauna of unit 7 shows some eastern Klamath Mountains affinity, but most of the species in unit 7 and the lower half of unit 8 are highly endemic and comprise three new genera with 12 new species, two unusual unassigned forms, and two other new species assigned to previously described genera. New taxa include: Crenulosepta new genus with five new species, C. inyoensis, C. delicata, C. fusiformis, C. rossi, and C. wahlmani; Nigribaccinus new genus with three new species, N. giganteus, N. elegans, and N. ? nestelli; and the new genus Inyoschwagerina with four new species, I. magnified, I. elayeri, I. elongata, and I.? linderae. Cuniculinella Skinner and Wilde, 1965, is represented by one new species, C. parva, and Skinnerella Coogan, 1960 by one new species, S.? mcallisteri. Faunas from the upper half of unit 8, unit 9, and unit 10 have a strong West Texas affinity. New species from these units are Skinnerella davydovi, S. hexagona, Parafusulina cerrogordoensis, P. complexa, P. halli, P. owensensis, and P. ubehebensis. Copyright ?? 2009, The Paleontological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/08-021R.1","issn":"00223","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., and Stone, P., 2009, New permian fusulinids from conglomerate mesa, southeastern inyo Mountains, east-central california: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, no. 1, p. 9-29, https://doi.org/10.1666/08-021R.1.","startPage":"9","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-021R.1"},{"id":241483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65f9e4b0c8380cd72cc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, C.H.","contributorId":16102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, P.","contributorId":93632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032555,"text":"70032555 - 2009 - A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T14:13:42","indexId":"70032555","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Restoration of Florida’s Everglades requires scientifically supportable hydrologic targets. This study establishes a restoration baseline by developing a method to simulate hydrologic and salinity conditions prior to anthropogenic changes. The method couples paleoecologic data on long-term historic ecosystem conditions with statistical models derived from observed meteorologic and hydrologic data that provide seasonal and annual variation. Results indicate that pre-drainage freshwater levels and hydroperiods in major sloughs of the Everglades were about 0.15&nbsp;m higher and two to four times greater, respectively, on average compared to today’s values. Pre-drainage freshwater delivered to the wetlands and estuaries is estimated to be 2.5 to four times greater than the modern-day flow, and the largest deficit is during the dry season. In Florida Bay, salinity has increased between 5.3 and 20.1 with the largest differences in the areas near freshwater outflow points. These results suggest that additional freshwater flows to the Everglades are needed for restoration of the freshwater marshes of the Everglades and estuarine environment of Florida Bay, particularly near the end of the dry season.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1","issn":"15592","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F.E., Wingard, G.L., and Pitts, P.A., 2009, A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 1, p. 37-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-006005","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213821,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e596e4b0c8380cd46e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Frank E.","contributorId":88962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitts, Patrick A.","contributorId":90118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032717,"text":"70032717 - 2009 - Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032717","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States","docAbstract":"Measurements of post-fire sediment erosion, transport, and deposition collected within 2 years of a wildfire were compiled from the published literature (19272007) for sites across the western United States. Annual post-fire sediment yields were computed and grouped into four measurement methods (hillslope point and plot measurements, channel measurements of suspended-sediment and sediment erosion or deposition volumes). Post-fire sediment yields for each method were then grouped into eight different rainfall regimes. Mean sediment yield from channels (240 t ha-1) was significantly greater than from hillslopes (82 t ha-1). This indicated that on the time scale of wildfire (10100 years) channels were the primary sources of available sediment. A lack of correlation of sediment yield with topographic slope and soil erodibility further suggested that sediment availability may be more important than slope or soil erodibility in predicting post-fire sediment yields. The maximum post-fire sediment yields were comparable to long-term sediment yields from major rivers of the world. Based on 80 years of data from the literature, wildfires have been an important geomorphic agent of landscape change when linked with sufficient rainfall. These effects are limited in spatial scale to the immediate burned area and to downstream channel corridors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF07162","issn":"10498","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D., 2009, Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 18, no. 1, p. 96-115, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07162.","startPage":"96","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476350,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.557.549","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF07162"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba359e4b08c986b31fc85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, D.A.","contributorId":61548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032593,"text":"70032593 - 2009 - Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:43:04","indexId":"70032593","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift","docAbstract":"To characterize mercury (Hg) isotopes and isotopic fractionation in hydrothermal systems we analyzed fluid and precipitate samples from hot springs in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and vent chimney samples from the Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift. These samples provide an initial indication of the variability in Hg isotopic composition among marine and continental hydrothermal systems that are controlled predominantly by mantle-derived magmas. Fluid samples from Ojo Caliente hot spring in Yellowstone range in &delta;<sup>202</sup>Hg from - 1.02&permil; to 0.58&permil; (&plusmn; 0.11&permil;, 2SD) and solid precipitate samples from Guaymas Basin range in &delta;<sup>202</sup>Hg from - 0.37&permil; to - 0.01&permil; (&plusmn; 0.14&permil;, 2SD). Fluid samples from Ojo Caliente display mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) of Hg from the vent (&delta;<sup>202</sup>Hg = 0.10&permil; &plusmn; 0.11&permil;, 2SD) to the end of the outflow channel (&delta<sup>202</sup>Hg = 0.58&permil; &plusmn; 0.11&permil;, 2SD) in conjunction with a decrease in Hg concentration from 46.6pg/g to 20.0pg/g. Although a small amount of Hg is lost from the fluids due to co-precipitation with siliceous sinter, we infer that the majority of the observed MDF and Hg loss from waters in Ojo Caliente is due to volatilization of Hg<sup>0</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> to Hg<sup>0</sup><sub>(g)</sub> and the preferential loss of Hg with a lower &delta;<sup>202</sup>Hg value to the atmosphere. A small amount of mass-independent fractionation (MIF) was observed in all samples from Ojo Caliente (&Delta;<sup>199</sup>Hg = 0.13&permil; &plusmn;1 0.06&permil;, 2SD) but no significant MIF was measured in the sea-floor rift samples from Guaymas Basin. This study demonstrates that several different hydrothermal processes fractionate Hg isotopes and that Hg isotopes may be used to better understand these processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.032","issn":"00128","usgsCitation":"Sherman, L., Blum, J., Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., Barkay, T., and Vetriani, C., 2009, Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 279, no. 1-2, p. 86-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.032.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.7337760925293,\n              44.40447671189411\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.71188926696777,\n              44.40447671189411\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.71188926696777,\n              44.42004966190147\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7337760925293,\n              44.42004966190147\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7337760925293,\n              44.40447671189411\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"279","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5420e4b0c8380cd6ceb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherman, L.S.","contributorId":36765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, J.D.","contributorId":30829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barkay, T.","contributorId":57617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barkay","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vetriani, C.","contributorId":20166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetriani","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037496,"text":"70037496 - 2009 - Use of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry in environmental forensics: Does it meet the Daubert criteria?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70037496","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1537,"text":"Environmental Forensics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry in environmental forensics: Does it meet the Daubert criteria?","docAbstract":"Dendrochronological methods have been in use for more than 100 years, providing us a record of climate, human activities (archaeology), floods, fire, mudslides and other geological and biological events. More recently, dendrochemisty has been used to assess the time frames of the onset and existence of environmental contamination. This article assesses the scientific status of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry with respect to the admissibility of expert testimony and Daubert legal criteria. The purpose of this article is to identify the crucial scientific aspects of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry that address the Daubert criteria and Rule 702 as amended in 2000. To clarify terminology, dendrochronology is the precise and reliable assignment of the year of formation of tree rings. Dendroecology is the use of dendrochronology to understand ecological and environmental processes (Schweingruber, 1996). Dendrochemistry is a subdiscipline of dendrochronology that analyzes and interprets the wood chemistry of precisely dated tree rings. Forensic dendrochemistry applies dendrochemistry to resolve environmental disputes and generally deal with questions regarding the timing and/or the source of environmental incidents. One significant application of forensic dendrochemistry to expert testimony is to address issues of anthropogenic contamination. Forensic dendroecology is a similar term to forensic dendrochemistry, but forensic dendrochemistry will be used in this discussion as the latter term emphasizes the use of chemical detection methods. Because dendrochemistry is based on the foundation of dendrochronology, both the former specialty and the latter broader discipline will be discussed. ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Forensics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/15275920903347545","issn":"15275922","usgsCitation":"Balouet, J., Smith, K., Vroblesky, D., and Oudijk, G., 2009, Use of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry in environmental forensics: Does it meet the Daubert criteria?: Environmental Forensics, v. 10, no. 4, p. 268-276, https://doi.org/10.1080/15275920903347545.","startPage":"268","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217983,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15275920903347545"},{"id":245958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee1e4b08c986b329831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balouet, J.-C.","contributorId":84597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balouet","given":"J.-C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K.T.","contributorId":94807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vroblesky, D.","contributorId":37581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oudijk, G.","contributorId":98152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oudijk","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035049,"text":"70035049 - 2009 - Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:44:15","indexId":"70035049","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine","docAbstract":"<p>West Nile virus was introduced into the United States in the vicinity of New York, New York, USA in 1999. The virus has since killed large numbers of birds nationwide, especially, but not limited to, crows (<i>Corvus brachyrhinchos</i>). One sandhill crane (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) at the Bridgeport Zoo (Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA) reportedly died from West Nile virus, so sandhill cranes and endangered whooping cranes (<i>Grus americana</i>), both in the wild and in captive breeding colonies at United States Geological Service (USGS) Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Laurel, Maryland, USA) were considered at risk. A killed vaccine in sandhill cranes was evaluated by vaccinating and then challenging these cranes with live West Nile virus. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the killed vaccine developed significant titers when compared with unvaccinated controls. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the vaccine and challenged with the virus died from West Nile virus infection. In addition, no unvaccinated challenged sandhill cranes died. However, 2 days postchallenge, vaccinated cranes had significantly less viremia (P &lt; 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes. Seven days postchallenge vaccinated cranes had significantly less cloacal shedding of the virus (P &lt; 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes and significantly less weight loss (P &lt; 0.05) as compared with unvaccinated cranes. Vaccinated sandhill cranes developed significantly higher titers 14 days postchallenge and were viremic for shorter periods of time after challenge than unvaccinated individuals. Unvaccinated challenged cranes had glial cell aggregates in both the brain and brain stem areas, and this was not observed in vaccinated challenged cranes or in vaccinated unchallenged cranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2008-0017.1","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., Miller, K.J., Docherty, D., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., and Sileo, L., 2009, Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) using a killed vaccine: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 40, no. 2, p. 263-271, https://doi.org/10.1638/2008-0017.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a759ce4b0c8380cd77c45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kimberli J.G. 0000-0002-7947-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0894","contributorId":81447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberli","email":"","middleInitial":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. 0000-0002-5590-6518 vbochsler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-6518","contributorId":3234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","email":"vbochsler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035220,"text":"70035220 - 2009 - Allen's big-eared bat (Idionycteris phyllotis) documented in colorado based on recordings of its distinctive echolocation call","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035220","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allen's big-eared bat (Idionycteris phyllotis) documented in colorado based on recordings of its distinctive echolocation call","docAbstract":"Allen's big-eared bat (Idionycteris phyllotis) inhabits much of the southwestern USA, but has not been documented in Colorado. We recorded echolocation calls consistent with I. phyllotis near La Sal Creek, Montrose County, Colorado. Based on characteristics of echolocation calls and flight behavior, we conclude that the echolocation calls described here were emitted by I. phyllotis and that they represent the first documentation of this species in Colorado.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/JKF-01.1","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.A., Navo, K., Bonewell, L., Mosch, C., and Adams, R.A., 2009, Allen's big-eared bat (Idionycteris phyllotis) documented in colorado based on recordings of its distinctive echolocation call: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 54, no. 4, p. 499-501, https://doi.org/10.1894/JKF-01.1.","startPage":"499","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/JKF-01.1"},{"id":243297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e96be4b0c8380cd48284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, M. A.","contributorId":65055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Navo, K.W.","contributorId":58216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navo","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonewell, L.","contributorId":25786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonewell","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mosch, C.J.","contributorId":105550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosch","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Rick A.","contributorId":91801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035265,"text":"70035265 - 2009 - Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035265","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?","docAbstract":"We combined microbial paleontology and molecular biology methods to study the Eyreville B drill core from the 35.3-Ma-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA. The investigated sample is a pyrite vein collected from the 1353.81- 1353.89 m depth interval, located within a section of biotite granite. The granite is a pre-impact rock that was disrupted by the impact event. A search for inorganic (mineral) biosignatures revealed the presence of micron-size rod morphologies of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) embedded in chlorite coatings on pyrite grains. Neither the Acridine Orange microbial probe nor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifi cation showed the presence of DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA) at the location of anatase rods, implying the absence of viable cells in the investigated area. A Nile Red microbial probe revealed the presence of lipids in the rods. Because most of the lipids are resistant over geologic time spans, they are good biomarkers, and they are an indicator of biogenicity for these possibly 35-Ma-old microbial fossils. The mineral assemblage suggests that rod morphologies are associated with low-temperature (&lt;100 ??C) hydrothermal alteration that involved aqueous fluids. The temporal constraints on the anatase fossils are still uncertain because pre-impact alteration of the granite and postimpact heating may have provided identical conditions for anatase precipitation and microbial preservation. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(42)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Glamoclija, M., Steele, A., Fries, M., Schieber, J., Voytek, M., and Cockell, C., 2009, Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 965-975, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(42).","startPage":"965","endPage":"975","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(42)"},{"id":242972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee90e4b0c8380cd49e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glamoclija, M.","contributorId":11434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glamoclija","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, A.","contributorId":76115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fries, M.","contributorId":40788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schieber, J.","contributorId":98134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schieber","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cockell, C.S.","contributorId":66830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockell","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035107,"text":"70035107 - 2009 - Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035107","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth","docAbstract":"Greenhouse experiments were undertaken to identify soil factors that curtail growth of the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) without significantly inhibiting growth of native perennial grasses (here represented by Hilaria jamesii [Torr.] Benth). We grew B. tectorum and H. jamesii alone (monoculture pots) and together (combination pots) in soil treatments that manipulated levels of soil phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. Hilaria jamesii showed no decline when its aboveground biomass in any of the applied treatments was compared to the control in either the monoculture or combination pots. Monoculture pots of B. tectorum showed a decline in aboveground biomass with the addition of Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4.</sub> Interestingly, in pots where H. jamesii was present, the negative effect of these treatments was ameliorated. Whereas the presence of B. tectorum generally decreased the aboveground biomass of H. jamesii (comparing aboveground biomass in monoculture versus combination pots), the presence of H. jamesii resulted in an enhancement of B. tectorum aboveground biomass by up to 900%. We hypothesize that B. tectorum was able to obtain resources from H. jamesii, an action that benefited B. tectorum while generally harming H. jamesii. Possible ways resources may be gained by B. tectorum from native perennial grasses include (1) B. tectorum is protected from salt stress by native plants or associated soil biota; (2) when B. tectorum is grown with H. jamesii, the native soil biota is altered in a way that favors B. tectorum growth, including B. tectorum tapping into the mycorrhizal network of native plants and obtaining resources from them; (3) B. tectorum can take advantage of root exudates from native plants, including water and nutrients released by natives via hydraulic redistribution; and (4) B. tectorum is able to utilize some combination of the above mechanisms. In summary, land managers may find adding soil treatments can temporarily suppress B. tectorum and enhance the establishment of native plants. However, the extirpation of B. tectorum is unlikely, as many native grasses are likely to facilitate its growth. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., and Sherrod, S.K., 2009, Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth: Plant Ecology, v. 201, no. 2, p. 709-721, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5.","startPage":"709","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9463-5"},{"id":243060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e7e4b08c986b319b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, S. K.","contributorId":9209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherrod","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035219,"text":"70035219 - 2009 - Polydactyly in the central pacific gecko, Lepidodactylus sp. (Squamata: Gekkonidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035219","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1899,"text":"Herpetology Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polydactyly in the central pacific gecko, Lepidodactylus sp. (Squamata: Gekkonidae)","docAbstract":"We report the first known case of naturally occurring polydactyly in a gekkotan lizard. A single individual from Palmyra Atoll exhibited a triplication of digit III of the m hand. No obvious teratogenic sources are present on the atoll and the causal factors of polydactyly in Lepidodactylus sp. remain unknown.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"20715773","usgsCitation":"Bauer, A., Hathaway, S., and Fisher, R., 2009, Polydactyly in the central pacific gecko, Lepidodactylus sp. (Squamata: Gekkonidae): Herpetology Notes, v. 2, no. 1, p. 243-246.","startPage":"243","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d00e4b0c8380cd79cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, A.M.","contributorId":13459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hathaway, S.A.","contributorId":56990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035258,"text":"70035258 - 2009 - Ultraviolet-ozone treatment reduces levels of disease-associated prion protein and prion infectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035258","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":958,"text":"BMC Research Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet-ozone treatment reduces levels of disease-associated prion protein and prion infectivity","docAbstract":"Background. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by novel infectious agents referred to as prions. Prions appear to be composed primarily, if not exclusively, of a misfolded isoform of the cellular prion protein. TSE infectivity is remarkably stable and can resist many aggressive decontamination procedures, increasing human, livestock and wildlife exposure to TSEs. Findings. We tested the hypothesis that UV-ozone treatment reduces levels of the pathogenic prion protein and inactivates the infectious agent. We found that UV-ozone treatment decreased the carbon and prion protein content in infected brain homogenate to levels undetectable by dry-ashing carbon analysis or immunoblotting, respectively. After 8 weeks of ashing, UV-ozone treatment reduced the infectious titer of treated material by a factor of at least 10<sup>5</sup>. A small amount of infectivity, however, persisted despite UV-ozone treatment. When bound to either montmorillonite clay or quartz surfaces, PrP<sup>TSE</sup> was still susceptible to degradation by UV-ozone. Conclusion. Our findings strongly suggest that UV-ozone treatment can degrade pathogenic prion protein and inactivate prions, even when the agent is associated with surfaces. Using larger UV-ozone doses or combining UV-ozone treatment with other decontaminant methods may allow the sterilization of TSE-contaminated materials. ?? 2009 Aiken et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BMC Research Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1186/1756-0500-2-121","issn":"17560500","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Gilbert, P., McKenzie, D., Pedersen, J., and Aiken, J.M., 2009, Ultraviolet-ozone treatment reduces levels of disease-associated prion protein and prion infectivity: BMC Research Notes, v. 2, https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-2-121.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476148,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-2-121","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-2-121"},{"id":242869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0fe4b08c986b3289e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.J.","contributorId":55378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, P.","contributorId":66082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pedersen, J.A.","contributorId":101787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, Judd M.","contributorId":64780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Judd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035434,"text":"70035434 - 2009 - Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:39:18","indexId":"70035434","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","issn":"1547139X","usgsCitation":"Owen, D., Lasca, N., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, Report 11 - Revised articles of organization and procedure of the North American commission on stratigraphic nomenclature: Stratigraphy, v. 6, no. 2, p. 183-184.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa775e4b0c8380cd85429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, D.E.","contributorId":35336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasca, N.P.","contributorId":93293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasca","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036678,"text":"70036678 - 2009 - Recolonization of gravel habitats on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T14:39:58","indexId":"70036678","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recolonization of gravel habitats on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic)","docAbstract":"Gravel habitats on continental shelves around the world support productive fisheries but are also vulnerable to disturbance from bottom fishing. We conducted a 2-year in situ experiment to measure the rate of colonization of a gravel habitat on northern Georges Bank in an area closed to fishing (Closed Area II) since December 1994. Three large (0.25 m<sup>2</sup>) sediment trays containing defaunated pebble gravel were deployed at a study site (47 m water depth) in July 1997 and recovered in June 1999. The undersides of the tray lids positioned 56 cm above the trays served as settlement panels over the same time period. We observed rapid colonization of the gravel substrate (56 species) and the settlement panels (35 species), indicating that colonization of gravel in this region is not limited by the supply of colonists. The species composition of the taxa found in the trays was broadly similar to that we collected over a 10-year period (1994-2004) in dredge samples from gravel sediments at the same site. The increase in abundance of animals in the gravel colonization trays was rapid and reached a level in 2 years that took 4.5 years to achieve in the surrounding gravel sediments once fishing had stopped, based on data from dredge sampling at this site. The increase in biomass of animals found in the sediment trays paralleled the trend of biomass increase observed in dredge samples over the same period (1997-1999) but was lower in value. These data suggest that after rapid initial increase in abundance of organisms, succession proceeded by increasing individual body size. A comparison of settlement panel and tray faunas revealed that the mean biomass of structure-forming epifauna (sponges, bryozoans, anemones, hydroids, colonial tube worms) on the panels was 8 times that found on the trays. Structure-forming taxa constituted 29% of the mean biomass of the panel fauna but only 5.5% of the tray fauna. By contrast, the mean biomass of scavengers (crabs, echinoderms, nudibranchs, gastropods) in the trays was 32 times that on the panels. Colonization of the tray gravel was more rapid for free-living species (many of which are prey for fish) than for structure-forming epifauna, though colonists of the latter species were present. The reduced success of structure-forming species in colonizing the tray gravel possibly is related to factors such as intermittent burial of the gravel by migrating sand and low survival of new recruits due to the presence of high numbers of scavengers on the gravel. These two factors might explain, to varying degree, the slow recolonization of gravel habitats by structure-forming species in Closed Area II of the northern part of Georges Bank. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.025","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Collie, J.S., Hermsen, J.M., and Valentine, P.C., 2009, Recolonization of gravel habitats on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic): Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 56, no. 19-20, p. 1847-1855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1847","endPage":"1855","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-011848","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487872,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/929","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.025"}],"volume":"56","issue":"19-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9684e4b0c8380cd82040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collie, Jeremy S.","contributorId":196036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collie","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hermsen, Jerome M.","contributorId":196037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hermsen","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036677,"text":"70036677 - 2009 - Volcano-tectonic implications of 3-D velocity structures derived from joint active and passive source tomography of the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T12:19:25","indexId":"70036677","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano-tectonic implications of 3-D velocity structures derived from joint active and passive source tomography of the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"We present a velocity model of the onshore and offshore regions around the southern part of the island of Hawaii, including southern Mauna Kea, southeastern Hualalai, and the active volcanoes of Mauna Loa, and Kilauea, and Loihi seamount. The velocity model was inverted from about 200,000 first-arrival traveltime picks of earthquakes and air gun shots recorded at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Reconstructed volcanic structures of the island provide us with an improved understanding of the volcano-tectonic evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes and their interactions. The summits and upper rift zones of the active volcanoes are characterized by high-velocity materials, correlated with intrusive magma cumulates. These high-velocity materials often do not extend the full lengths of the rift zones, suggesting that rift zone intrusions may be spatially limited. Seismicity tends to be localized seaward of the most active intrusive bodies. Low-velocity materials beneath parts of the active rift zones of Kilauea and Mauna Loa suggest discontinuous rift zone intrusives, possibly due to the presence of a preexisting volcanic edifice, e.g., along Mauna Loa beneath Kilauea's southwest rift zone, or alternatively, removal of high-velocity materials by large-scale landsliding, e.g., along Mauna Loa's western flank. Both locations also show increased seismicity that may result from edifice interactions or reactivation of buried faults. New high-velocity regions are recognized and suggest the presence of buried, and in some cases, previously unknown rift zones, within the northwest flank of Mauna Loa, and the south flanks of Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Mauna Kea. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005929","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Park, J., Morgan, J., Zelt, C., and Okubo, P.G., 2009, Volcano-tectonic implications of 3-D velocity structures derived from joint active and passive source tomography of the island of Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005929.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487870,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005929","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217674,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005929"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.5167236328125,\n              18.87510275035649\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5556640625,\n              18.87510275035649\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5556640625,\n              20.2725032501349\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.5167236328125,\n              20.2725032501349\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.5167236328125,\n              18.87510275035649\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc339e4b08c986b32b01c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, J.","contributorId":47164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J.K.","contributorId":83333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, C.A.","contributorId":74911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036926,"text":"70036926 - 2009 - Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:38:44","indexId":"70036926","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) were measured in samples collected from monitoring wells located along a 4.5-km transect of a plume of groundwater contaminated by 60 years of continuous rapid infiltration disposal of wastewater treatment plant effluent. Fifteen percent of the 212 OWCs analyzed were detected, including the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SX), the nonionic surfactant degradation product 4-nonylphenol (NP), the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE), and the disinfectant 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Comparison of the 2005 sampling results to data collected from the same wells in 1985 indicates that PCE and DCB are transported more rapidly in the aquifer than NP, consistent with predictions based on compound hydrophobicity. Natural gradient in situ tracer experiments were conducted to evaluate the subsurface behavior of SX, NP, and the female sex hormone 17&beta;-estradiol (E2) in two oxic zones in the aquifer: (1) a downgradient transition zone at the interface between the contamination plume and the overlying uncontaminated groundwater and (2) a contaminated zone located beneath the infiltration beds, which have not been loaded for 10 years. In both zones, breakthrough curves for the conservative tracer bromide (Br</span><sup><span>&minus;</span></sup><span>) and SX were nearly coincident, whereas NP and E2 were retarded relative to Br</span><span>&minus;</span><span>&nbsp;and showed mass loss. Retardation was greater in the contaminated zone than in the transition zone. Attenuation of NP and E2 in the aquifer was attributed to biotransformation, and oxic laboratory microcosm experiments using sediments from the transition and contaminated zones show that uniform-ring-labeled&nbsp;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C 4-normal-NP was biodegraded more rapidly (30&minus;60% recovered as&nbsp;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>&nbsp;in 13 days) than 4-</span><span>14</span><span>C E2 (20&minus;90% recovered as&nbsp;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>in 54 days). There was little difference in mineralization potential between sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es803292v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Keefe, S.H., LeBlanc, D.R., Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.H., Meyer, M.T., Loftin, K.A., Koplin, D.W., and Rubio, F., 2009, Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 13, p. 4843-4850, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803292v.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4843","endPage":"4850","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es803292v"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.8673095703125,\n              41.52091689636249\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8673095703125,\n              42.0125705565935\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.24108886718749,\n              42.0125705565935\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.24108886718749,\n              41.52091689636249\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8673095703125,\n              41.52091689636249\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f13e4b0c8380cd53753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie H. 0000-0002-3805-6101 shkeefe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-6101","contributorId":2843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie","email":"shkeefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Koplin, Dana W.","contributorId":82174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koplin","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rubio, Fernando","contributorId":92371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubio","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
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