{"pageNumber":"2071","pageRowStart":"51750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70013255,"text":"70013255 - 1984 - Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R-Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:16:08.308122","indexId":"70013255","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R-Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes","docAbstract":"<p>The chemical composition of ferromanganese nodules from the three nodule-bearing MANOP sites in the Pacific can be accounted for in a qualitative way by variable contributions of distinct accretionary processes. These accretionary modes are:</p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">1.</span><p>(1) hydrogenous,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>i.e</i>., direct precipitation or accumulation of colloidal metal oxides in seawater,</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">2.</span><p>(2) oxic diagenesis which refers to a variety of ferromanganese accretion processes occurring in oxic sediments; and</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">3.</span><p>(3) suboxic diagenesis which results from reduction of Mn<sup>+4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>by oxidation of organic matter in the sediments. Geochemical evidence suggests processes (1) and (2) occur at all three MANOP nodule-bearing sites, and process (3) occurs only at the hemipelagic site, H, which underlies the relatively productive waters of the eastern tropical Pacific.</p></li></ul><p>A normative model quantitatively accounts for the variability observed in nearly all elements. Zn and Na, however, are not well explained by the three end-member model, and we suggest that an additional accretionary process results in greater variability in the abundances of these elements. Variable contributions from the three accretionary processes result in distinct top-bottom compositional differences at the three sites. Nodule tops from H are enriched in Ni, Cu, and Zn, instead of the more typical enrichments of these elements in nodule bottoms. In addition, elemental correlations typical of most pelagic nodules are reversed at site H.</p><p>The three accretionary processes result in distinct mineralogies. Hydrogenous precipitation produces δMnO<sub>2</sub>. Oxic diagenesis, however, produces Cu-Ni-rich todorokite, and suboxic diagenesis results in an unstable todorokite which transforms to a 7 Å phase (“birnessite”) upon dehydration. The presence of Cu and Ni as charge-balancing cations influence the stability of the todorokite structure. In the bottoms of H nodules, which accrete dominantly by suboxic diagenesis, Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and possibly Mn<sup>+2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>provide much of the charge balance for the todorokite structure.</p><p>Limited growth rate data for H nodules suggest suboxic accretion is the fastest of the three processes, with rates at least 200 mm/10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>yr. Oxic accretion is probably 10 times slower and hydrogenous 100 times slower. Since these rates predict more suboxic component in bulk nodules than is calculated by the normative analysis, we propose that suboxic accretion is a non-steady-state process. Variations in surface water productivity cause pulses of particulate flux to the sea floor which result in transient Mn reduction in the surface sediments and reprecipitation on nodule surfaces.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Dymond, J., Lyle, M., Finney, B., Piper, D., Murphy, K., Conard, R., and Pisias, N., 1984, Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R-Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 5, p. 931-949, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f87e4b0c8380cd53937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dymond, J.","contributorId":98461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dymond","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyle, M.","contributorId":40344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, B.","contributorId":72125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, K.","contributorId":89865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conard, R.","contributorId":63531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conard","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pisias, N.","contributorId":25290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70013245,"text":"70013245 - 1984 - Complexation of trace metals by adsorbed natural organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:49:28","indexId":"70013245","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexation of trace metals by adsorbed natural organic matter","docAbstract":"<p>The adsorption behavior and solution speciation of Cu(II) and Cd(II) were studied in model systems containing colloidal alumina particles and dissolved natural organic matter. At equilibrium a significant fraction of the alumina surface was covered by adsorbed organic matter. Cu(II) was partitioned primarily between the surface-bound organic matter and dissolved Cu-organic complexes in the aqueous phase. Complexation of Cu2+ with the functional groups of adsorbed organic matter was stronger than complexation with uncovered alumina surface hydroxyls. It is shown that the complexation of Cu(II) by adsorbed organic matter can be described by an apparent stability constant approximately equal to the value found for solution phase equilibria. In contrast, Cd(II) adsorption was not significantly affected by the presence of organic matter at the surface, due to weak complex formation with the organic ligands. The results demonstrate that general models of trace element partitioning in natural waters must consider the presence of adsorbed organic matter.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90095-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., 1984, Complexation of trace metals by adsorbed natural organic matter: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 4, p. 679-691, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90095-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"691","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f911e4b0c8380cd4d3fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013243,"text":"70013243 - 1984 - Contrasting fluid/rock interaction between the Notch Peak granitic intrusion and argillites and limestones in western Utah: evidence from stable isotopes and phase assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013243","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting fluid/rock interaction between the Notch Peak granitic intrusion and argillites and limestones in western Utah: evidence from stable isotopes and phase assemblages","docAbstract":"The Jurassic Notch Peak granitic stock, western Utah, discordantly intrudes Cambrian interbedded pure limestones and calcareous argillites. Contact metamorphosed argillite and limestone samples, collected along traverses away from the intrusion, were analyzed for ??18O, ??13C, and ??D. The ??13C and ??18O values for the limestones remain constant at about 0.5 (PDB) and 20 (SMOW), respectively, with increasing metamorphic grade. The whole rock ??18O values of the argillites systematically decrease from 19 to as low as 8.1, and the ??13C values of the carbonate fraction from 0.5 to -11.8. The change in ??13C values can be explained by Rayleigh decarbonation during calcsilicate reactions, where calculated {Mathematical expression} is about 4.5 permil for the high-grade samples and less for medium and low-grade samples suggesting a range in temperatures at which most decarbonation occurred. However, the amount of CO2 released was not anough to decrease the whole rock ??18O to the values observed in the argillites. The low ??18O values close to the intrusion suggest interaction with magmatic water that had a ??18O value of 8.5. The extreme lowering of ??13C by fractional devolatilization and the lowering of ??18O in argillites close to the intrusion indicates oxgen-equivalent fluid/rock ratios in excess of 1.0 and X(CO2)F of the fluid less than 0.2. Mineral assemblages in conjunction with the isotopic data indicate a strong influence of water infiltration on the reaction relations in the argillites and separate fluid and thermal fronts moving thru the argillites. The different stable isotope relations in limestones and argillites attest to the importance of decarbonation in the enhancement of permeability. The flow of fluids was confined to the argillite beds (argillite aquifers) whereas the limestones prevented vertical fluid flow and convective cooling of the stock. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00373708","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Nabelek, P., Labotka, T., O’Neil, J.R., and Papike, J.J., 1984, Contrasting fluid/rock interaction between the Notch Peak granitic intrusion and argillites and limestones in western Utah: evidence from stable isotopes and phase assemblages: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 86, no. 1, p. 25-34, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373708.","startPage":"25","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373708"},{"id":220362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa78e4b0c8380cd4daf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nabelek, P.I.","contributorId":71315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabelek","given":"P.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labotka, T.C.","contributorId":43494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labotka","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013317,"text":"70013317 - 1984 - Uplift and submarine formation of some Melanesian porphyry copper deposits: Stable isotope evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:59:19.772362","indexId":"70013317","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uplift and submarine formation of some Melanesian porphyry copper deposits: Stable isotope evidence","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of sericites and kaolinites from four young porphyry copper deposits (Ok Tedi (1.2 Ma) and Yandera (6.5 Ma), Papua New Guinea; Koloula (1.5 Ma), Solomon Islands; and Waisoi (&lt;5 Ma), Fiji) indicate that the fluids from which these minerals precipitated were of mixed magmatic and non-magmatic sources. The non-magmatic component of the fluid from the island arc deposits (Koloula, Waisoi) was ocean water.</p><p>For Ok Tedi, the non-magmatic component was a meteoric water with an isotopic composition different from that of the present meteoric water in the region. The isotopic signature of the former meteoric water is consistent with a surface elevation of 200 m a.s.l. or less at the time of mineralization. The deposit was later exposed and supergene kaolinitization commenced at approximately 1200 m a.s.l. Uplift and erosion has continued to the present at which time the elevation of the exposed deposit is 1800 m a.s.l. This rate of uplift is consistent with that known from other geological evidence. If the rate of uplift were approximately constant during the last 1.2 Ma, the age of supergene enrichment can be dated at approximately 0.4 Ma B.P.</p><p>Similarly, influx of meteoric water at Yandera occurred when the ground surface above the deposit was at an elevation of approximately 600 m a.s.l. The deposit's present elevation is 1600 m a.s.l. In this case a total uplift of approximately 2.2 km is indicated, with removal of 1.2 km of overburden by erosion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(84)90163-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Chivas, A., O’Neil, J.R., and Katchan, G., 1984, Uplift and submarine formation of some Melanesian porphyry copper deposits: Stable isotope evidence: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 68, no. 2, p. 326-334, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90163-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd26e4b08c986b328ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chivas, A.R.","contributorId":16573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chivas","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katchan, G.","contributorId":101009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katchan","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013223,"text":"70013223 - 1984 - Thermodynamic properties of zeolites: low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. Estimates of the thermochemical properties of zeolitic water at low temperature.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013223","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic properties of zeolites: low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. Estimates of the thermochemical properties of zeolitic water at low temperature.","docAbstract":"Measured heat capacities between 15 and 305 K and calculated heat capacities, entropies, enthalpy functions and Gibbs energy functions are reported and analysed for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. - J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., and Robie, R.A., 1984, Thermodynamic properties of zeolites: low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. Estimates of the thermochemical properties of zeolitic water at low temperature.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 7-8, p. 692-700.","startPage":"692","endPage":"700","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb27be4b08c986b325820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013206,"text":"70013206 - 1984 - A standard-reference water-suspended sediment sample for total recoverable metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:58:52.778997","indexId":"70013206","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2474,"text":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A standard-reference water-suspended sediment sample for total recoverable metals","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey has been preparing and maintaining a library of standard-reference water samples for dissolved inorganic constituents for 19 years. Recently, the reference-sample program was expanded to include a water-suspended sediment mixture for the determination of total recoverable metals. An interlaboratory round-robin study was conducted. Digestion procedures used by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were used to solubilize the metals before their measurement. The data indicate the both digestion procedures for total recoverable metals are essentially equivalent. Precision data are comparable to those data obtained in standard-reference water samples for dissolved metals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASME","doi":"10.1520/JTE11072J","issn":"00903973","usgsCitation":"Fishman, M., Malo, B.A., and Boyle, D.K., 1984, A standard-reference water-suspended sediment sample for total recoverable metals: Journal of Testing and Evaluation, v. 12, no. 3, p. 182-186, https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE11072J.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf87e4b0c8380cd8763a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, Marvin J.","contributorId":87110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Marvin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malo, Bernard A.","contributorId":78868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malo","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Delora K.","contributorId":79944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Delora","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013205,"text":"70013205 - 1984 - Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:10:56","indexId":"70013205","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico","docAbstract":"Noble gases have been measured mass spectrometrically in samples collected during 1977 from producing wells at Cerro Prieto. Positive correlations between concentrations of radiogenic (He and 40Ar) and atmospheric noble gases (Ne, Ar and Kr) suggest the following dynamic model: the geothermal fluids originated from meteoric water that penetrated to more than 2500 m depth (below the level of first boiling) and mixed with radiogenic He and 40Ar formed in the aquifer rocks. Subsequently, small amounts of steam were lost by a Raleigh process (0 - 30%) and mixing with shallow cold water occurred (0 - 30%). Noble gases are sensitive tracers of boiling in the initial stages of 0 - 3% steam separation and complement other tracers, such as C1 or temperature, which are effective only beyond this range. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(84)90009-9","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Mazor, E., and Truesdell, A., 1984, Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico: Geothermics, v. 13, no. 1-2, p. 91-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(84)90009-9.","startPage":"91","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7369384","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268149,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(84)90009-9"},{"id":219841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a042fe4b0c8380cd50835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazor, E.","contributorId":18104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazor","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":365541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013188,"text":"70013188 - 1984 - ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70013188","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL.","docAbstract":"Data obtained from 59 Landsat scenes were used to estimate the areal extent of irrigated agriculture over the High Plains region of the United States for a ground-water flow model. This model provides information on current trends in the amount and distribution of water used for irrigation. The analysis and reduction process required that each Landsat scene be ratioed, interpreted, and aggregated. Data reduction by aggregation was an efficient technique for handling the volume of data analyzed. This process bypassed problems inherent in geometrically correcting and mosaicking the data at pixel resolution and combined the individual Landsat classification into one comprehensive data set.","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention.","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry and American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294594","usgsCitation":"Thelin, G., Gaydas, L., Donovan, W., and Mladinich, C., 1984, ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL., Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention., San Antonio, TX, USA, p. 737-740.","startPage":"737","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62de4b0c8380cd471f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thelin, Gail gpthelin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"gpthelin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaydas, Leonard","contributorId":31525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydas","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, Walter","contributorId":67652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mladinich, Carol","contributorId":97176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladinich","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013180,"text":"70013180 - 1984 - Accretionary lapilli in altered tuffs associated with coal beds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:28:50.997658","indexId":"70013180","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accretionary lapilli in altered tuffs associated with coal beds","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458784\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Accretionary lapilli have been identified in claystones (tonsteins) associated with coal beds of Late Cretaceous age in Wyoming, Utah, and New Mexico. The presence of accretionary lapilli in these tonstein partings confirms their volcanic origin. Similar concentric structures in other claystones not in coal, such as some flint clays, may also be accretionary lapilli, indicating a volcanic origin for these deposits. The lapilli are spherical aggregates of volcanic ash that form in eruption columns, where water vapor and turbulence promote accretion of layers of fine ash about coarse-grained aggregates of ash acting as nuclei. The very fine particle size of the crystalline components of the claystones containing accretionary lapilli, coupled with the relatively small size of the lapilli themselves (2-7.5 mm), suggests that the lapilli formed far downwind from the volcano through interaction with moisture from the atmosphere, rather than with magmatic or phreatic moisture near the source vent.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F8409-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Bohor, B., and Triplehorn, D.M., 1984, Accretionary lapilli in altered tuffs associated with coal beds: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 317-325, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8409-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e671e4b0c8380cd47428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triplehorn, Don M.","contributorId":73211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Triplehorn","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013175,"text":"70013175 - 1984 - Bonded-phase extraction column isolation of organic compounds in groundwater at a hazardous waste site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:30:25","indexId":"70013175","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bonded-phase extraction column isolation of organic compounds in groundwater at a hazardous waste site","docAbstract":"A procedure for isolation of hazardous organic compounds from water for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis Is presented and applied to creosote- and pentachlorophenol-contaminated groundwater resulting from wood-treatment processes. This simple procedure involved passing a 50-100-mL sample through a bonded-phase extraction column, eluting the trapped organic compounds from the column with 2-4 mL of solvent, and evaporating the sample to 100 ??L with a stream of dry nitrogen, after which the sample was ready for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Representative compounds indicative of creosote contamination were used for recovery and precision studies from the cyclohexyl-bonded phase. Recovery of these compounds from n-octyl-, n-octadecyl-, cyclohexyl-, and phenyl-bonded phases was compared. The bonded phase that exhibited the best recovery and least bias toward acidic or basic cmpounds was the n-octadecyl phase. Detailed compound Identification Is given for compounds Isolated from creosote- and pentachlorophenol-contaminated groundwater using the cyclohexyl-bonded phase.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00278a052","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., Pereira, W.E., and Ratcliff, S., 1984, Bonded-phase extraction column isolation of organic compounds in groundwater at a hazardous waste site: Analytical Chemistry, v. 56, no. 14, p. 2856-2860, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00278a052.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2856","endPage":"2860","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269216,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00278a052"}],"volume":"56","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1fbe4b0c8380cd4af38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ratcliff, S.M.","contributorId":39244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliff","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013170,"text":"70013170 - 1984 - Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Water-quality changes and potential for recovery of injected sewage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:24:04","indexId":"70013170","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Water-quality changes and potential for recovery of injected sewage","docAbstract":"The city of St. Petersburg is testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future nonpotable reuse. The injection zone at the test site at the start of injection contained saline water with chloride concentrations ranging from 14,000 to 20,000 milligrams per liter (mg/l). Treated sewage with a mean chloride concentration of 170 mg/ml was injected through a single well for 12 months at a mean rate of 4.7 x 105 cubic feet per day. The volume of water injected during the year was 1.7x108 cubic feet. Dissolved oxygen was contained in the sewage prior to injection. Water removed from the injection zone during injection was essentially free of oxygen. Probable growth of denitrifying bacteria and, thus, microbial denitrification, was suggested by bacterial counts in water from two observation wells that were close to the injection well. The volume fraction of treated sewage in water from wells located 35 feet and 733 feet from the injection well and open to the upper part of the injection zone stabilized at about 0.9 and 0.75, respectively. Chloride concentrations stabilized at about 1,900 mg/l in water from the well that was 35 feet from the injection well and stabilized at about 4,000 mg/l in water from the well that was 733 feet from the injection well. These and other data suggest that very little near injection-quality treated sewage would be recoverable from storage in the injection zone.The city of St. Petersburg is testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future nonpotable reuse. The injection zone at the test site at the start of injection contained saline water with chloride concentrations ranging from 14,000 to 20,000 milligrams per liter (mg/l). Data suggest that very little near injection-quality treated sewage would be recoverable from storage in the injection zone.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01409.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J., and Ehrlich, G.G., 1984, Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Water-quality changes and potential for recovery of injected sewage: Ground Water, v. 22, no. 4, p. 397-405, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01409.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"405","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"St. Petersburg","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              27.444915505146934\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              27.444915505146934\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              28.057438520876673\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              28.057438520876673\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              27.444915505146934\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d7be4b08c986b31d89b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, J.J.","contributorId":57010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehrlich, G. G.","contributorId":89126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehrlich","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013161,"text":"70013161 - 1984 - Sampling design optimization for spatial functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013161","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling design optimization for spatial functions","docAbstract":"A new procedure is presented for minimizing the sampling requirements necessary to estimate a mappable spatial function at a specified level of accuracy. The technique is based on universal kriging, an estimation method within the theory of regionalized variables. Neither actual implementation of the sampling nor universal kriging estimations are necessary to make an optimal design. The average standard error and maximum standard error of estimation over the sampling domain are used as global indices of sampling efficiency. The procedure optimally selects those parameters controlling the magnitude of the indices, including the density and spatial pattern of the sample elements and the number of nearest sample elements used in the estimation. As an illustration, the network of observation wells used to monitor the water table in the Equus Beds of Kansas is analyzed and an improved sampling pattern suggested. This example demonstrates the practical utility of the procedure, which can be applied equally well to other spatial sampling problems, as the procedure is not limited by the nature of the spatial function. ?? 1984 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01029887","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., 1984, Sampling design optimization for spatial functions: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 369-392, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01029887.","startPage":"369","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029887"},{"id":220180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab07be4b0c8380cd87b23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013144,"text":"70013144 - 1984 - Catastrophic isotopic modification of rhyolitic magma at times of caldera subsidence, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T16:53:21.29494","indexId":"70013144","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catastrophic isotopic modification of rhyolitic magma at times of caldera subsidence, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field has undergone repeated eruption of rhyolitic magma strongly depleted in&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O. Large calderas subsided 2.0, 1.3, and 0.6 Ma ago, on eruption of ash flow sheets that represent at least 2500, 280, and 1000 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of zoned magma. More than 60 other rhyolite lavas and tuffs permit reconstruction of the long-term chemical and isotopic evolution of the silicic system. Narrow δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O ranges in the ash flow sheets contrast with wide δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O variations in postcaldera lavas of the first and third caldera cycles. Earliest postcollapse lavas are 3 to 6‰ lighter than the preceding ash flow sheets. The O</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;depletions were short-lived events that immediately followed caldera subsidence; hundreds of cubic kilometers of magma were drastically&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O depleted and thousands were depleted by 1–2‰. Sequences of postcaldera lavas record partial recovery toward precaldera δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values; secular trends between collapse events thus reflect gradual reenrichment of the roofmost magma in δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O. Much of the subcaldera reservoir was affected, because lavas that erupted as far apart as 115 km reflect the same pattern of depletion and partial recovery. Contemporaneous extracaldera rhyolites have the highest δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values in the volcanic field and show no effects of the repeated depletions. Sr and Pb isotope ratios of intracaldera rhyolites jump to more radiogenic values at times of caldera formation and show a longterm zigzag pattern like that of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O. Although some contamination by foundering roof rocks seenis to be required, water was probably the predominant contaminant. Even if roof rocks had been strongly depleted in O</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;before engulfment, their assimilation would have been far from sufficient to account for the large O</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;shift. The low- O</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;lavas contain no xenocrysts and show no trace element or phenocryst evidence of massive contamination. Their Fe-Ti-oxide temperatures indicate no cooling relative to the caldera-forming ash flow magma, and their whole-rock, glass, and phenoeryst chemistry suggests compositional continuity with the ash flow sequence. Oxygen exchange between the magma and a mass of low-O</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;water greatly exceeding solubility limits may require (1) recurrent explosive activity to sustain access and mixing of water with the magma and (2) convection of the magma reservoir to prevent local saturation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB10p08339","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., Christiansen, R., and O’Neil, J.R., 1984, Catastrophic isotopic modification of rhyolitic magma at times of caldera subsidence, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B10, p. 8339-8369, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08339.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"8339","endPage":"8369","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3c9e4b0c8380cd4b961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009978,"text":"70009978 - 1984 - The occurrence and behavior of radium in saline formation water of the U.S. Gulf Coast region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:39:44","indexId":"70009978","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence and behavior of radium in saline formation water of the U.S. Gulf Coast region","docAbstract":"Radium has been measured in deep saline formation waters produced from a variety of U.S. Gulf Coast subsurface environments, including oil reservoirs, gas reservoirs and water-producing geopressured aquifers. A strong positive correlation has been found between formation-water salinity and Ra activity, resulting from the interaction of formation water with aquifer matrix. Ra isotopes enter the fluid phase after being produced by the decay of parent elements U and Th, which are located at sites on and within the solid matrix. Processes that are belived to be primarily responsible for transferring Ra from matrix to formation water are chemical leaching and alpha-particle recoil. Factors controlling the observed salinity-Ra relationship may be one or a combination of the following factors: (a) ion exchange; (b) increased solubility of matrix silica surrounding Ra atoms, coupled with a salinity-controlled rate of reequilibration of silica between solution and quartz grains; and (c) the equilibration of Ra in solution with detrial barite within the aquifer. No difference was found in the brine-Ra relation in water produced from oil or gas wells and water produced from wells penetrating only water-bearing aquifers, although the relation was more highly correlated for water-bearing aquifers than hydrocarbon-containing reservoirs. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(84)90186-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kraemer, T.F., and Reid, D., 1984, The occurrence and behavior of radium in saline formation water of the U.S. Gulf Coast region: Chemical Geology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 153-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(84)90186-4.","startPage":"153","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266106,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(84)90186-4"},{"id":219659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae31e4b08c986b323f48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, D.F.","contributorId":27188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010303,"text":"70010303 - 1984 - Inter-pulse high-resolution gamma-ray spectra using a 14 MeV pulsed neutron generator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:15:24","indexId":"70010303","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2907,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-pulse high-resolution gamma-ray spectra using a 14 MeV pulsed neutron generator","docAbstract":"A neutron generator pulsed at 100 s-1 was suspended in an artificial borehole containing a 7.7 metric ton mixture of sand, aragonite, magnetite, sulfur, and salt. Two Ge(HP) gamma-ray detectors were used: one in a borehole sonde, and one at the outside wall of the sample tank opposite the neutron generator target. Gamma-ray spectra were collected by the outside detector during each of 10 discrete time windows during the 10 ms period following the onset of gamma-ray build-up after each neutron burst. The sample was measured first when dry and then when saturated with water. In the dry sample, gamma rays due to inelastic neutron scattering, neutron capture, and decay were counted during the first (150 ??s) time window. Subsequently only capture and decay gamma rays were observed. In the wet sample, only neutron capture and decay gamma rays were observed. Neutron capture gamma rays dominated the spectrum during the period from 150 to 400 ??s after the neutron burst in both samples, but decreased with time much more rapidly in the wet sample. A signal-to-noise-ratio (S/N) analysis indicates that optimum conditions for neutron capture analysis occurred in the 350-800 ??s window. A poor S/N in the first 100-150 ??s is due to a large background continuum during the first time interval. Time gating can be used to enhance gamma-ray spectra, depending on the nuclides in the target material and the reactions needed to produce them, and should improve the sensitivity of in situ well logging. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)90159-5","issn":"01675087","usgsCitation":"Evans, L., Trombka, J., Jensen, D., Stephenson, W., Hoover, R.A., Mikesell, J., Tanner, A., and Senftle, F.E., 1984, Inter-pulse high-resolution gamma-ray spectra using a 14 MeV pulsed neutron generator: Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research, v. 219, no. 1, p. 233-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5087(84)90159-5.","startPage":"233","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268838,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5087(84)90159-5"}],"volume":"219","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ca3e4b0c8380cd62ee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, L.G.","contributorId":107426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trombka, J.I.","contributorId":8985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trombka","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, D.H.","contributorId":46684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephenson, W.A.","contributorId":76462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoover, R. A.","contributorId":50287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mikesell, J.L.","contributorId":46113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70012890,"text":"70012890 - 1984 - A nonparametric trend test for seasonal data with serial dependence.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T17:44:10","indexId":"70012890","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nonparametric trend test for seasonal data with serial dependence.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Statistical tests for monotonic trend in seasonal (e.g., monthly) hydrologic time series are commonly confounded by some of the following problems: nonnormal data, missing values, seasonality, censoring (detection limits), and serial dependence. An extension of the Mann-Kendall test for trend (designed for such data) is presented here. Because the test is based entirely on ranks, it is robust against nonnormality and censoring. Seasonality and missing values present no theoretical or computational obstacles to its application. Monte Carlo experiments show that, in terms of type I error, it is robust against serial correlation except when the data have strong long-term persistence (e.g., ARMA (1, 1) monthly processes with ϕ &gt; 0.6) or short records (∼ 5 years). When there is no serial correlation, it is less powerful than a related simpler test which is not robust against serial correlation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i006p00727","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., and Slack, J.R., 1984, A nonparametric trend test for seasonal data with serial dependence.: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 6, p. 727-732, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i006p00727.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c0e4b0c8380cd468c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, James R.","contributorId":43778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012887,"text":"70012887 - 1984 - HOT WATER DRILL FOR TEMPERATE ICE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012887","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"HOT WATER DRILL FOR TEMPERATE ICE.","docAbstract":"The development of a high-pressure hot-water drill is described, which has been used reliably in temperate ice to depths of 400 meters with an average drill rate of about 1. 5 meters per minute. One arrangement of the equipment weighs about 500 kilograms, and can be contained on two sleds, each about 3 meters long. Simplified performance equations are given, and experiments with nozzle design suggest a characteristic number describing the efficiency of each design, and a minimum bore-hole diameter very close to 6 centimeters for a hot water drill. Also discussed is field experience with cold weather, water supply, and contact with englacial cavities and the glacier bed.","largerWorkTitle":"CRREL Special Report (US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory)","conferenceTitle":"Ice Drilling Technology, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop/Symposium.","conferenceLocation":"Calgary, Alberta, Can","language":"English","publisher":"US Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab","publisherLocation":"Hanover, NH, USA","issn":"03757935","usgsCitation":"Taylor, P.L., 1984, HOT WATER DRILL FOR TEMPERATE ICE., <i>in</i> CRREL Special Report (US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory), Calgary, Alberta, Can, p. 105-117.","startPage":"105","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e82e4b0c8380cd5c5e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Philip L.","contributorId":96829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012884,"text":"70012884 - 1984 - RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - EEZ SYMPOSIUM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012884","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - EEZ SYMPOSIUM.","docAbstract":"The Presidential proclamation on March 10, 1983, of a 200-nautical-mile-wide Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) focuses attention on the mineral resources of a vast submarine area. The hard-mineral resources in the EEZ include shallow-water placer deposits, polymetallic sulfide deposits, and cobalt-enriched manganese crusts in deeper water. The petroleum resource potential of basins within the EEZ is of importance especially in the deep water of the continental slope and rise. In order to formulate a national program to assess the resources in the EEZ, a symposium on 'A National Program for the Assessment and Development of the Mineral Resources of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone', was held at the National Center of the US Geological Survey. The symposium covered resource evaluation, engineering development needs, and the legal framework for management of the assessment and development of this vast area. Recommendations resulting from the symposium are discussed as well as the initial steps for implementing those recommendations and formulating an effective national program.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Oceans '84 Conference & Exposition, Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education, Designs for the Future.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Rowland, R.W., and McGregor, B.A., 1984, RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - EEZ SYMPOSIUM., <i>in</i> Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Washington, DC, USA, p. 409-414.","startPage":"409","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9335e4b0c8380cd80c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowland, Robert W.","contributorId":42200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGregor, Bonnie A.","contributorId":61022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012873,"text":"70012873 - 1984 - A Model of Regional Ground-Water Flow in Secondary-Permeability Terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-21T12:11:24.86057","indexId":"70012873","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Model of Regional Ground-Water Flow in Secondary-Permeability Terrane","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The ground-water flow system in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania and Maryland can be considered as one complex unconfined aquifer in which secondary porosity and permeability are the dominant influences on the occurrence and flow of ground water. The degree of development of secondary porosity and permeability in the various lithologies of the lower basin determines the aquifer characteristics of each lithology. Based on qualitative evidence, the use of a porous-media model was assumed to be appropriate on a regional scale and a finite-difference ground-water flow model was constructed for the lower basin.</p><p>The conceptual model of ground-water flow in the lower basin incorporates the major features of the flow system. Through the use of two layers, 21 hydrogeologic units, and five topographic settings, the conceptual model was systematically reduced to arrive at a simplified conceptual model. Further reduction produced a numerical model representation of the conceptual model, in which the essential features of the lower-basin flow system were quantified for input into the numerical model.</p><p>The model was calibrated under both steady-state and transient conditions, and was used to evaluate the water-supply potential of the 21 hydrogeologic units. The carbonate units have the greatest potential for ground-water development and the Triassic sedimentary and crystalline units have the least potential. A total ground-water yield potential of about 900 million gallons per day could be obtained from the lower basin with a consequent 50-percent reduction of base flow in streams.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01486.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gerhart, J.M., 1984, A Model of Regional Ground-Water Flow in Secondary-Permeability Terrane: Groundwater, v. 22, no. 2, p. 168-175, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01486.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e480e4b0c8380cd4668a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhart, J. M.","contributorId":12855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012858,"text":"70012858 - 1984 - Sedimentary fluorite in a lacustrine zeolitic tuff of the Gila Conglomerate near Buckhorn, Grant County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:31:22.564103","indexId":"70012858","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary fluorite in a lacustrine zeolitic tuff of the Gila Conglomerate near Buckhorn, Grant County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458911\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Fluorite makes up 20-30% of a zeolitic tuff in a Pliocene or Pleistocene lacustrine facies of the Gila Conglomerate that has not been subjected to hydrothermal activity. The light gray zeolitic tuff is 40 cm thick and crops out over a 0.6-km<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>area about 2.5 km east of Buckhorn, New Mexico. This tuff is overlain by zeolitic mudstone that contains abundant and conspicuous Magadi-type chert. The fluorite occurs as prolate pellets and, rarely, as ooids that are mostly 0.14.3 mm in size. Broken pellets and ooids are extremely rare. Studies by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show that the pellets and ooids consist mainly of submicrometer-size fluorite and quartz and that both minerals have poorly defined morphology. These pellets and ooids are embedded in a matrix that consists chiefly of micrometer-size mordenite and smectite and that has a vague vitroclastic texture. The pellets and ooids probably are the result of primary precipitation of fluorite and magadiite where dilute, calcium-bearing water from springs or streams mixed with the saline, alkaline lake water that had a high fluorine content. The pellets and ooids were then transported basinward and were incorporated with reworked vitric ash. During diagenesis, the magadiite of the pellets and ooids was converted to quartz, and the glass of the ash was altered to mordenite and smectite.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F8517-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, R., and Mumpton, F., 1984, Sedimentary fluorite in a lacustrine zeolitic tuff of the Gila Conglomerate near Buckhorn, Grant County, New Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 853-860, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8517-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"853","endPage":"860","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a23e4b08c986b317059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, R.A.","contributorId":22361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumpton, F. A.","contributorId":69303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumpton","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012854,"text":"70012854 - 1984 - Origin and distribution of carbon dioxide in the unsaturated zone of the southern High Plains of Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:51:20","indexId":"70012854","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and distribution of carbon dioxide in the unsaturated zone of the southern High Plains of Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Partial pressures of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, N</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and Ar were monitored at two locations in the Ogallala aquifer system on the Southern High Plains of Texas. Samples were collected monthly during parts of 1980–1981 from nine depths ranging from 0.6 to 36 meters below land surface.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was observed to be greater at depth than in the active soil zone and thus appears to contradict the normal process in which CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is generated in the soil zone and diffuses upward to the atmosphere and downward to the water table. The δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C of the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>gas was quite uniform and averaged −17.9 per mil.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>declined with depth, suggesting in situ generation of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>by the oxidation of carbon. Several hypotheses were considered to explain the origin of the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>at depth. It was concluded that the most probable hypothesis was that dissolved and particulate organic carbon introduced by recharging water was oxidized to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>by the aerobic microbial community that utilized oxygen diffusing in from the atmosphere. This hypothesis is consistent with the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration profile, calculated production profile of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>gas, caliche, soil humic acid fraction, and dissolved carbonate in groundwater. The abundance of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, its concentration profile, and its probable origin provide information for evaluating the observed complex sequence of caliche dissolution and precipitation known to occur in the aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i009p01193","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Petraitis, M.J., 1984, Origin and distribution of carbon dioxide in the unsaturated zone of the southern High Plains of Texas: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 9, p. 1193-1208, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i009p01193.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1208","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Southern High 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 \"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70a1e4b0c8380cd76143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":364678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petraitis, Michael J.","contributorId":52724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petraitis","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012853,"text":"70012853 - 1984 - EFFECTS OF LOCALIZED AQUIFER BOILING ON FLUID PRODUCTION AT CERRO PRIETO.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012853","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EFFECTS OF LOCALIZED AQUIFER BOILING ON FLUID PRODUCTION AT CERRO PRIETO.","docAbstract":"Localized aquifer boiling in the shallow two-phase reservoir of Cerro Prieto has produced excess steam and increased electrical output. Unfortunately it has also caused near-well mineral deposition that has decreased permeability and fluid flow. Inflow of cold water has limited the extent of aquifer boiling and permeability loss. The deeper reservoir at Cerro Prieto may need injection of cold water to decrease boiling and prevent loss of production. Refs.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Energy: Bet on It! Geothermal Resources Council 1984 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412588","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A.H., D’Amore, F., and Nieva, D., 1984, EFFECTS OF LOCALIZED AQUIFER BOILING ON FLUID PRODUCTION AT CERRO PRIETO., <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 8, Reno, NV, USA, p. 223-229.","startPage":"223","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045ae4b0c8380cd5091c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, Alfred H.","contributorId":33448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Amore, Franco","contributorId":72534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amore","given":"Franco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nieva, David","contributorId":41143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieva","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012852,"text":"70012852 - 1984 - Permeability of fault gouge under confining pressure and shear stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:04:58.749711","indexId":"70012852","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeability of fault gouge under confining pressure and shear stress","docAbstract":"<p><span>The permeability of both clay-rich and non-clay gouges, as well as several pure clays, was studied as a function of confining pressures from 5 to 200 MPa and shear strain to 10. Permeability ranged over four orders of magnitude, from around 10</span><sup>−22</sup><span>&nbsp;to 10</span><sup>−18</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(1 darcy = 0.987 × 10</span><sup>−12</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>). The lowest values were characteristic of the montmorillonite-rich and finer grained non-clay gouges. Illite, kaolinite, and chlorite had intermediate permeabilities, while the highest values were typical of the serpentine and coarser grained non-clay gouges. Grain size was an important factor in determining permeability, particularly for the clay-rich samples. The coarse grained gouges were the most permeable and decreased in permeability after shearing. Conversely, the fine grained gouges had characteristically lower permeabilities that did not vary significantly after various amounts of shearing. The permeabilities of the non-clay samples were not significantly different than those of the clays. Therefore, comminuted rock flours can be equally as effective in reducing the flow of water as the characteristically low permeability clay gouges. The strengths of the samples were quite variable. The non-clay gouges were consistently the strongest, with yield points (beginning of nonelastic behavior) around 850 MPa, while montmorillonite had an anomalously low strength in relation to all the other gouges at 250 MPa. Strength of the saturated samples under drained (low pore pressure) conditions did not correlate with high or low permeability. However, the low permeabilities of these gouges could be a factor in the measured low shear stresses along fault regions if excess pore pressures were created as a result of shearing or compaction, and this pressure was unable to dissipate through a thick section of the material.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB05p03193","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morrow, C., Shi, L., and Byerlee, J., 1984, Permeability of fault gouge under confining pressure and shear stress: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B5, p. 3193-3200, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB05p03193.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3193","endPage":"3200","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76aee4b0c8380cd78263","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrow, C.A.","contributorId":99977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shi, L.Q.","contributorId":86109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"L.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012724,"text":"70012724 - 1984 - Long-term observations of bottom conditions and sediment movement on the Atlantic continental shelf; time-lapse photography from instrumented tripod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T14:37:16","indexId":"70012724","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long-term observations of bottom conditions and sediment movement on the Atlantic continental shelf; time-lapse photography from instrumented tripod","docAbstract":"An instrument system that measures bottom current, temperature, light transmission, and pressure, and that photographs the bottom at 2- to 6-hour intervals has been developed to study sediment transport on the Atlantic Continental Shelf. Instruments have been deployed extensively along the United States East Coast Continental Shelf for periods of from 2 to 6 months to study the frequency, direction, and rate of bottom sediment movement, and the processes causing movement. The time-lapse photographs are used to (1) characterize the bottom benthic community and surface microtopography; (2) monitor changes in the bottom topography and near-bottom water column caused by currents and storms (for example, ripple generation and migration, sediment resuspension); and (3) monitor seasonal changes in the bottom benthic community and qualitative effects of this community on the bottom sediments.","conferenceTitle":"Underwater Photography: Scientific and Engineering Applications.","conferenceLocation":"Woodshole, MA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold Co","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0442279620","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Bryden, C.G., Pfirman, S.L., Strahle, W.J., and Noble, M.A., 1984, Long-term observations of bottom conditions and sediment movement on the Atlantic continental shelf; time-lapse photography from instrumented tripod, Underwater Photography: Scientific and Engineering Applications., Woodshole, MA, USA, p. 414-415.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"415","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40efe4b0c8380cd65170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryden, Cynthia G.","contributorId":45837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryden","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfirman, Stephanie L.","contributorId":52723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfirman","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strahle, William J.","contributorId":55962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strahle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012705,"text":"70012705 - 1984 - Spectral properties of ice‐particulate mixtures and implications for remote sensing: 1. Intimate mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-13T17:48:15.796361","indexId":"70012705","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7167,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral properties of ice‐particulate mixtures and implications for remote sensing: 1. Intimate mixtures","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spectral properties of water ice-particulate mixtures are studied for the purpose of deriving the ice and particulate abundances from remotely obtained spectra (particulates referring to nonicy materials in the form of grains). Reflectance levels and ice absorption band depths are a complex function of the single scattering albedo of the particulates embedded in the ice. The ice absorption band depths are related to the mean optical path length of photons in ice through Beers law, Fresnel reflection from the ice-crystal faces on the surface, and ice absorption coefficient as a function of wavelength. Laboratory spectra of many ice-particulate mixtures are studied with high-, medium-, and low-albedo particulates. From the laboratory spectra the band depth, the continuum reflectance, and the ratio of band depth to continuum reflectance are derived for each particulate albedo as a function of the logarithm of the particulate weight fraction in the sample. Ice band depths are dependent on the particulate albedo and increase with smaller weight fractions of particulates until the bands saturate and their depths decrease. The continuum reflectance is a complex function of the particulate albedo and wavelength of light, while the band depth to continuum reflectance ratio appear independent of particulate albedo such that, for a given grain size of particulate, a calibration curve to abundance of ice and particulates is derived. The derived abundance calibrations are accurate if the source of scattering is dominated by particulates and not ice-vacuum (air) interfaces. If ice-vacuum interfaces are dominant, then the derived particulate abundance is an upper limit. Theoretically produced frost spectra show similar curves of growth of band depth, continuum reflectance, and corresponding ratio versus the photon mean optical path length similar to that for intimate mixtures of ice and high-albedo particulates. In all scattering cases the ice absorption coefficients determine the path length needed to produce a given band depth; thus different absorptions are sensitive to different amounts of particulates, with the 3-μm fundamental being the most sensitive to the presence of ice (very low ice abundance) and the 1.04-μm overtone being the most sensitive to the presence of particulates (very high ice abundance).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB07p06341","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., and Lucey, P.G., 1984, Spectral properties of ice‐particulate mixtures and implications for remote sensing: 1. Intimate mixtures: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B7, p. 6341-6348, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB07p06341.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6341","endPage":"6348","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9541e4b08c986b31ae28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucey, Paul G.","contributorId":100218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}