The vast majority of numerical investigations of transport phenomena use an Eulerian formulation for the convenience that the computational grids are fixed in space. An Eulerian-Lagrangian method (ELM) of solution for the convection-dispersion equation is discussed and analyzed. The ELM uses the Lagrangian concept in an Eulerian computational grid system. The values of the dependent variable off the grid are calculated by interpolation. When a linear interpolation is used, the method is a slight improvement over the upwind difference method. At this level of approximation both the ELM and the upwind difference method suffer from large numerical dispersion. However, if second-order Lagrangian polynomials are used in the interpolation, the ELM is proven to be free of artificial numerical dispersion for the convection-dispersion equation. The concept of the ELM is extended for treatment of anisotropic dispersion in natural coordinates. In this approach the anisotropic properties of dispersion can be conveniently related to the properties of the flow field. Several numerical examples are given to further substantiate the results of the present analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i007p00944","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Casulli, V., and Milford, S.N., 1984, Eulerian-Lagrangian solution of the convection-dispersion equation in natural coordinates: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 7, p. 944-952, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i007p00944.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"944","endPage":"952","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bcbe4b0c8380cd528a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casulli, Vincenzo","contributorId":42302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milford, S. Nevil","contributorId":92438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milford","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nevil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013895,"text":"70013895 - 1984 - Volcanic glasses, their origins and alteration processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70013895","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2400,"text":"Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic glasses, their origins and alteration processes","docAbstract":"Natural glass can be formed by volcanic processes, lightning (fulgarites) burning coal, and by meteorite impact. By far the most common process is volcanic - basically the glass is rapidly chilled molten rock. All natural glasses are thermodynamically unstable and tend to alter chemically or to crystallize. The rate of these processes is determined by the chemical composition of the magma. The hot and fluid basaltic melts have a structure that allows for rapid crystal growth, and seldom forms glass selvages greater than a few centimeters thick, even when the melt is rapidly cooled by extrusion in the deep sea. In contrast the cooler and very viscous rhyolitic magmas can yield bodies of glass that are tens of meters thick. These highly polymerized magmas have a high silica content - often 71-77% SiO2. Their high viscosity inhibits diffusive crystal growth. Basalt glass in sea water forms an alteration zone called palagonite whose thickness increases linearly with time. The rate of diffusion of water into rhyolitic glass, which follows the relationship - thickness = k (time) 1 2, has been determined as a function of the glass composition and temperature. Increased SiO2 increases the rate, whereas increased CaO, MgO and H2O decrease the rate. The activation energy of water diffusion varies from about 19 to 22 kcal/mol. for the glasses studied. The diffusion of alkali out of rhyolite glass occurs simultaneously with water diffusion into the glass. The rate of devitrification of rhyolitic glass is a function of the glass viscosity, which in turn is a function of water content and temperature. Although all of the aforementioned processes tend to destroy natural glasses, the slow rates of these processes, particularly for rhyolitic glass, has allowed samples of glass to persist for 60 million years. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00223093","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., and Long, W., 1984, Volcanic glasses, their origins and alteration processes: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, v. 67, no. 1-3, p. 127-133.","startPage":"127","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2ede4b08c986b32ae5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, W.","contributorId":59963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013893,"text":"70013893 - 1984 - Gas chromatographic analysis of volatiles in fluid and gas inclusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T16:02:39","indexId":"70013893","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2214,"text":"Journal of Chromatography A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas chromatographic analysis of volatiles in fluid and gas inclusions","docAbstract":"Most geological samples and some synthetic materials contain fluid inclusions. These inclusions preserve for us tiny samples of the liquid and/or the gas phase that was present during formation, although in some cases they may have undergone significant changes from the original material. Studies of the current composition of the inclusions provide data on both the original composition and the change since trapping.
These inclusions are seldom larger than 1 millimeter in diameter. The composition varies from a single major compound (e.g., water) in a single phase to a very complex mixture in one or more phases. The concentration of some of the compounds present may be at trace levels.
We present here some analyses of inclusions in a variety of geological samples, including diamonds. We used a sample crusher and a gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC—MS) system to analyze for organic and inorganic volatiles present as major to trace constituents in inclusions. The crusher is a hardened stainless-steel piston cylinder apparatus with tungsten carbide crusing surfaces, and is operated in a pure helium atmosphere at a controlled temperature.
Samples ranging from 1 mg to 1 g were crushed and the released volatiles were analyzed using multi-chromatographic columns and detectors, including the sensitive helium ionization detector. Identification of the GC peaks was carried out by GC—MS. This combination of procedures has been shown to provide geochemically useful information on the process involved in the history of the samples analyzed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89010-5","issn":"00219673","usgsCitation":"Andrawes, F., Holzer, G., Roedder, E., Gibson, E., and Oro, J., 1984, Gas chromatographic analysis of volatiles in fluid and gas inclusions: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 302, no. C, p. 181-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89010-5.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14c3e4b0c8380cd54b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrawes, F.","contributorId":102643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrawes","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holzer, G.","contributorId":93206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibson, E.K. Jr.","contributorId":108256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"E.K.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oro, John","contributorId":21683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oro","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33349,"text":"Department of Biophysical Science, University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":367107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013544,"text":"70013544 - 1984 - Geophysical investigation of a Suture Zone: The Border Ranges Fault of southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T16:27:39.279453","indexId":"70013544","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical investigation of a Suture Zone: The Border Ranges Fault of southern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Border Ranges fault separates structurally complex accreted Cretaceous rocks from less deformed middle or late Paleozoic and younger rocks in the Cook-Shelikof basin. Of the five types of geophysical data used to investigate this fault, gravity data give the clearest indication of its presence and crustal structure. For at least 400 km along the fault, gravity anomalies include a +20 to +30 mGal peak along the fault's upper plate and a −40 mGal trough along the lower plate. The paired anomaly can be modeled satisfactorily by a simple step, in a deep dense layer, that lies within 3 km of the projected offshore location of the fault. Relatively low-density rocks lie along the fault's lower plate to a depth of about 10 km, and the upper part of the fault dips within 20° of vertical. Satellite altimetry data show that two circular geoid lows lie along the Border Ranges fault and coincide with lows in free air gravity data. Seismic refraction and seismic reflection data suggest that the large-scale density anomalies that cause both types of lows must lie at depths greater than about 1 km within the margin. Three regional magnetic anomalies (Knik Arm, Seldovia, and Shelikof) terminate at the Border Ranges fault, suggesting that the fault truncates obliquely rocks that lie along its northwest side. Six seismic reflection lines cross the Border Ranges fault, but none of them shows reflections from it. The absence of such reflections probably results from the fault's steep dip and from the presence of strong water bottom multiples in the data. From the Late Jurassic until the early Late Cretaceous, the magmatic arc near the Cook-Shelikof basin was inactive, and we infer that the predominant motion along the Border Ranges fault was strike slip. Resurgent Late Cretaceous magmatism was contemporaneous with uplift of rocks along the northwest side of the Border Ranges fault and with deformation of turbidite sequences in the fault's lower plate. We propose that during the Late Cretaceous, motion along the Border Ranges changed from strike slip to reverse. Cenozoic rocks near the fault show no evidence for post-Cretaceous fault movement.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB13p11333","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., and von Huene, R.E., 1984, Geophysical investigation of a Suture Zone: The Border Ranges Fault of southern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B13, p. 11333-11351, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB13p11333.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"11333","endPage":"11351","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2828e4b0c8380cd59ea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013225,"text":"70013225 - 1984 - Application of mineral-solution equilibria to geochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in two basins in west central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:24:07.535841","indexId":"70013225","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of mineral-solution equilibria to geochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in two basins in west central Utah","docAbstract":"A geochemical survey utilizing mainly ground waters was conducted in the Milford and Beaver basins. Waters were collected mainly from wells and springs at 100 sites and analyzed for major and minor elements. A computer model (WATEQ3) was used to calculate the redox potential and the state of saturation of the waters with respect to uraninite, coffinite, and other mineral phases. Several areas in the basins were shown to have ground-water environments of reducing redox potentials which are favorable for precipitation of reduced uranium minerals. In addition, the ground waters in some of these areas were shown to be saturated or near saturation with respect to uraninite and coffinite. These areas do not necessarily coincide with areas containing the highest concentrations of uranium in ground water. The methods described in this study for hydrogeochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits may have wide application, particularly throughout those filled basins in the western United States where nearby sources for uranium exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.79.2.266","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Wanty, R., and McHugh, J.B., 1984, Application of mineral-solution equilibria to geochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in two basins in west central Utah: Economic Geology, v. 79, no. 2, p. 266-283, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.2.266.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca7e4b0c8380cd493ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013223,"text":"70013223 - 1984 - Thermodynamic properties of zeolites: low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. Estimates of the thermochemical properties of zeolitic water at low temperature.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013223","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic properties of zeolites: low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. Estimates of the thermochemical properties of zeolitic water at low temperature.","docAbstract":"Measured heat capacities between 15 and 305 K and calculated heat capacities, entropies, enthalpy functions and Gibbs energy functions are reported and analysed for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. - J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., and Robie, R.A., 1984, Thermodynamic properties of zeolites: low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. Estimates of the thermochemical properties of zeolitic water at low temperature.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 7-8, p. 692-700.","startPage":"692","endPage":"700","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb27be4b08c986b325820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013188,"text":"70013188 - 1984 - ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70013188","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL.","docAbstract":"Data obtained from 59 Landsat scenes were used to estimate the areal extent of irrigated agriculture over the High Plains region of the United States for a ground-water flow model. This model provides information on current trends in the amount and distribution of water used for irrigation. The analysis and reduction process required that each Landsat scene be ratioed, interpreted, and aggregated. Data reduction by aggregation was an efficient technique for handling the volume of data analyzed. This process bypassed problems inherent in geometrically correcting and mosaicking the data at pixel resolution and combined the individual Landsat classification into one comprehensive data set.","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention.","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry and American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294594","usgsCitation":"Thelin, G., Gaydas, L., Donovan, W., and Mladinich, C., 1984, ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL., Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention., San Antonio, TX, USA, p. 737-740.","startPage":"737","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62de4b0c8380cd471f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thelin, Gail gpthelin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"gpthelin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaydas, Leonard","contributorId":31525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydas","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, Walter","contributorId":67652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mladinich, Carol","contributorId":97176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladinich","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013180,"text":"70013180 - 1984 - Accretionary lapilli in altered tuffs associated with coal beds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:28:50.997658","indexId":"70013180","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accretionary lapilli in altered tuffs associated with coal beds","docAbstract":"Accretionary lapilli have been identified in claystones (tonsteins) associated with coal beds of Late Cretaceous age in Wyoming, Utah, and New Mexico. The presence of accretionary lapilli in these tonstein partings confirms their volcanic origin. Similar concentric structures in other claystones not in coal, such as some flint clays, may also be accretionary lapilli, indicating a volcanic origin for these deposits. The lapilli are spherical aggregates of volcanic ash that form in eruption columns, where water vapor and turbulence promote accretion of layers of fine ash about coarse-grained aggregates of ash acting as nuclei. The very fine particle size of the crystalline components of the claystones containing accretionary lapilli, coupled with the relatively small size of the lapilli themselves (2-7.5 mm), suggests that the lapilli formed far downwind from the volcano through interaction with moisture from the atmosphere, rather than with magmatic or phreatic moisture near the source vent.
The first report of avian cholera in North America occurred in northwestern Texas in winter 1944 (Quortrup et al. 1946). In 1975, mortality from avian cholera occurred for the first time in waterfowl in the Rainwater Basin of Nebraska when an estimated 25,000 birds died (Zinkl et al. 1977). Avian cholera has continued to cause mortality in wild birds in specific areas of the Basin each spring since. Losses of waterfowl from avian cholera continue to be much greater in some of the wetlands in the western part of the Basin than in the east. Several wetlands in the west have consistently higher mortality and are most often the wetlands where initial mortality is noticed each spring (Figure 1). The establishment of this disease in Nebraska is of considerable concern because of the importance of the Rainwater Basin as a spring staging area for waterfowl migrating to their breeding grounds. The wetlands in this area are on a major migration route used by an estimated 5 to 9 million ducks and several hundred thousand geese. A large portion of the western mid-continental greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) population stage in the Basin each spring. Occasionally, whooping cranes (Grus americana) use these wetlands during migration, and lesser sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) staging on the nearby Platte River sometimes use wetlands where avian cholera occurs (Anonymous 1981). Our objectives were to determine whether certain water quality variables in the Rainwater Basin differed between areas of high and low avian cholera incidence. These results would then be used for laboratory studies involving the survivability of Pasteurella multocida, the causative bacterium of avian cholera. Those studies will be reported elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Windingstad, R.M., Hurt, J.J., Trout, A.K., and Cary, J., 1984, Avian cholera in Nebraska's Rainwater Basin: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 49, p. 576-583.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"576","endPage":"583","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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K.","contributorId":12019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trout","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cary, J.","contributorId":37305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cary","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135769,"text":"70135769 - 1984 - Spring sapping on the lower continental slope, offshore New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-27T14:42:18","indexId":"70135769","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring sapping on the lower continental slope, offshore New Jersey","docAbstract":"Undersea discharge of ground water during periods of lower sea level may have eroded valleys on part of the lower continental slope, offshore New Jersey. Steep-headed basins, cliffed and terraced walls, and irregular courses of these valleys may have been produced by sapping of exposed near-horizontal Tertiary strata. Joints in Eocene calcareous rocks would have localized ground-water movement. Some karstlike features of the submarine topography and the outcrops suggest that solution of the calcareous rocks also took place.
\nTalus deposits recovered from Site 536 show evidence of aragonite dissolution, secondary porosity development, and calcite cementation. Although freshwater diagenesis could account for the petrographic features of the altered talus deposits, it does not uniquely account for isotopic or trace-element characteristics. Also, the hydrologic setting required for freshwater alteration is not easily demonstrated for the Campeche Bank. A mixing-zone model does not account for the available trace-element data, but does require somewhat less drastic assumptions about the size of the freshwater lens. Although a seawater (bottom-water) alteration model requires no hydrologic difficulties, unusual circumstances are required to account for the geochemical characteristics of the talus deposits using this model.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.77.108.1984","usgsCitation":"Halley, R., Pierson, B.J., and Schlager, W., 1984, Alternative diagenetic models for cretaceous talus deposits, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 536, Gulf of Mexico, chap. 8 of Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 77, p. 397-408, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.77.108.1984.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"408","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.77.108.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 23.28171917560003\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 23.36242859340884\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 25.839449402063185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549165bce4b0d0759afaad7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, B. 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Laboratorium, Rijswijk, Holland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlager, Wolfgang","contributorId":131001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlager","given":"Wolfgang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28644,"text":"wri844087 - 1984 - Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the West Otter area, Ashland and Birney-Broadus coal fields, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T21:36:20.329294","indexId":"wri844087","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4087","title":"Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the West Otter area, Ashland and Birney-Broadus coal fields, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"Shallow aquifers exist primarily within the Tongue River Member of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation and within valley alluvium. Sandstone beds are the principal aquifers for domestic supply and livestock watering, with the Knobloch coal bed being a secondary source of supply. Surface-water resources consist principally of perennial flow in Otter Creek and intermittent flow in eight small drainage basins. The small streams are generally dry at their mouth, except after intense rainfall or sudden snowmelt. Otter Creek is used for livestock watering and, during spring floods, for irrigating alfalfa fields. The water supplied by wells generally is a sodium bicarbonate type. Dissolved-solids concentrations of water samples ranged from 480 to 3,460 milligrams per liter in sandstone beds and from 910 to 6,260 milligrams per liter in the Knobloch coal bed. Water in Otter Creek contains principally sodium, magnesium, and sulfate ions. The dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 2,050 to 2 ,950 milligrams per liter. Mining of the Knobloch coal bed would remove three private wells and adversely affect the yield of two other wells. After mining, water in the alluvium of Otter Creek might show long-term degradation in water quality as a result of waters leaching the soluble salts from the spoils material used to backfill the mine pits. Although mining would alter the existing hydrologic systems and remove several shallow wells, alternative ground-water supplies are available from deeper aquifers that could be developed to replace those lost by mining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844087","usgsCitation":"McClymonds, N.E., 1984, Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the West Otter area, Ashland and Birney-Broadus coal fields, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4087, Report: vi, 70 p.; 1 Plate: 16.58 x 24.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844087.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 70 p.; 1 Plate: 16.58 x 24.21 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57485,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57484,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4087/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414266,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35978.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"West Otter area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.267,\n 45.558\n ],\n [\n -106.267,\n 45.425\n ],\n [\n -106.133,\n 45.425\n ],\n [\n -106.133,\n 45.558\n ],\n [\n -106.267,\n 45.558\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6838a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClymonds, N. E.","contributorId":94653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClymonds","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013205,"text":"70013205 - 1984 - Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:10:56","indexId":"70013205","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico","docAbstract":"Noble gases have been measured mass spectrometrically in samples collected during 1977 from producing wells at Cerro Prieto. Positive correlations between concentrations of radiogenic (He and 40Ar) and atmospheric noble gases (Ne, Ar and Kr) suggest the following dynamic model: the geothermal fluids originated from meteoric water that penetrated to more than 2500 m depth (below the level of first boiling) and mixed with radiogenic He and 40Ar formed in the aquifer rocks. Subsequently, small amounts of steam were lost by a Raleigh process (0 - 30%) and mixing with shallow cold water occurred (0 - 30%). Noble gases are sensitive tracers of boiling in the initial stages of 0 - 3% steam separation and complement other tracers, such as C1 or temperature, which are effective only beyond this range. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(84)90009-9","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Mazor, E., and Truesdell, A., 1984, Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico: Geothermics, v. 13, no. 1-2, p. 91-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(84)90009-9.","startPage":"91","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7369384","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268149,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(84)90009-9"},{"id":219841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a042fe4b0c8380cd50835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazor, E.","contributorId":18104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazor","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":365541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013245,"text":"70013245 - 1984 - Complexation of trace metals by adsorbed natural organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:49:28","indexId":"70013245","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexation of trace metals by adsorbed natural organic matter","docAbstract":"The adsorption behavior and solution speciation of Cu(II) and Cd(II) were studied in model systems containing colloidal alumina particles and dissolved natural organic matter. At equilibrium a significant fraction of the alumina surface was covered by adsorbed organic matter. Cu(II) was partitioned primarily between the surface-bound organic matter and dissolved Cu-organic complexes in the aqueous phase. Complexation of Cu2+ with the functional groups of adsorbed organic matter was stronger than complexation with uncovered alumina surface hydroxyls. It is shown that the complexation of Cu(II) by adsorbed organic matter can be described by an apparent stability constant approximately equal to the value found for solution phase equilibria. In contrast, Cd(II) adsorption was not significantly affected by the presence of organic matter at the surface, due to weak complex formation with the organic ligands. The results demonstrate that general models of trace element partitioning in natural waters must consider the presence of adsorbed organic matter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90095-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., 1984, Complexation of trace metals by adsorbed natural organic matter: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 4, p. 679-691, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90095-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"691","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f911e4b0c8380cd4d3fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171419,"text":"70171419 - 1984 - Causes of acidification of four streams on Laurel Hilld in southwestern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T11:30:54","indexId":"70171419","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of acidification of four streams on Laurel Hilld in southwestern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Atmospheric deposition, soils developed from bedrock, a natural bog, gas wells, and a ski area were all investigated as possible sources of water quality degradation for four streams on Laurel Hill in southwestern Pennsylvania where fish kills have been reported since 1960. An intensive study of the chemistry of atmospheric deposition, soil leachate, and stream water and fish populations was conducted on these basins during 1980–1981 with emphasis on dormant season periods with runoff from snowmelt and rain. Although bedrock geology was found to control the natural buffering capacity of these streams, only acid precipitation could be linked to sharp drops in pH and increases in total Al concentrations observed during stormflows in the poorly buffered streams. Three poorly buffered streams exhibited drops to pH 4.4 to 4.5 and increases in total Al concentrations up to 1.5 mg/L during observed peak flows. Mineral soil leachate from the three major soil series on the basins during this time exhibited a low pH of 4.3 and mean total Al concentrations of 3.6 mg/L, indicating stream response during storms was closely linked to chemistry of soil leachate. Poorly buffered streams did not support reproducing populations of trout (Salmonidae sp.) or other fishes. In contrast, one well-buffered stream (20 mg/L CaCO3) exhibited drops to pH 5.5 during peak flow and supported reproducing trout and sculpin (Cottus bairdi) populations. The acidification of the four streams studied was attributed to atmospheric deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040022x","usgsCitation":"Sharpe, W.E., DeWalle, D.R., Leibfried, R.T., Dinicola, R., Kimmel, W.G., and Sherwin, L.S., 1984, Causes of acidification of four streams on Laurel Hilld in southwestern Pennsylvania: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 13, no. 4, p. 619-631, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040022x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"631","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5b7e4b0ee97d51a839b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharpe, William E.","contributorId":169553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharpe","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWalle, David R.","contributorId":23291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWalle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leibfried, Robert T.","contributorId":169733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leibfried","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinicola, Richard S. 0000-0003-4222-294X dinicola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-294X","contributorId":352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Richard S.","email":"dinicola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kimmel, William G.","contributorId":84929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sherwin, Lysle S.","contributorId":169734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherwin","given":"Lysle","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169212,"text":"70169212 - 1984 - The “anomalous cedar trees” of Lake Ashi, Hakone Volcano, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T12:12:36","indexId":"70169212","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The “anomalous cedar trees” of Lake Ashi, Hakone Volcano, Japan","docAbstract":"On the bottom of Lake Ashi at Hakone, Japan, there stand great trees that, since ancient times, have been widely known as the \"Anomalous Cedar Trees\" of Ashi. It is not known why these trees grow on the bottom of the lake, and it remains one of the mysteries of Hakone. It was formerly thought that, at the time Lake Ashi was born, a great forest of cedar trees which was growing in the caldera of the volcano sank into the water. From radioactive carbon dating techniques, it is known that a steam explosion in the Kami Mountains created the caldera approximately 3,000 years ago. The age of the \"Anomalous Cedars\" is placed at approximately.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Oki, Y., 1984, The “anomalous cedar trees” of Lake Ashi, Hakone Volcano, Japan: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 1, p. 24-27.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ashi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.93722534179688,\n 35.160336728130346\n ],\n [\n 139.06082153320312,\n 35.160336728130346\n ],\n [\n 139.06082153320312,\n 35.27701633139884\n ],\n [\n 138.93722534179688,\n 35.27701633139884\n ],\n [\n 138.93722534179688,\n 35.160336728130346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be55e4b0f59b85e02f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Y.","contributorId":167151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oki","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013378,"text":"70013378 - 1984 - Effect of censoring trace-level water-quality data on trend-detection capability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T15:14:06","indexId":"70013378","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of censoring trace-level water-quality data on trend-detection capability","docAbstract":"Monte Carlo experiments were used to evaluate whether trace-level water-quality data that are routinely censored (not reported) contain valuable information for trend detection. Measurements are commonly censored if they fall below a level associated with some minimum acceptable level of reliability (detection limit). Trace-level organic data were simulated with best- and worst-case estimates of measurement uncertainty, various concentrations and degrees of linear trend, and different censoring rules. The resulting classes of data were subjected to a nonparametric statistical test for trend. For all classes of data evaluated, trends were most effectively detected in uncensored data as compared to censored data even when the data censored were highly unreliable. Thus, censoring data at any concentration level may eliminate valuable information. Whether or not valuable information for trend analysis is, in fact, eliminated by censoring of actual rather than simulated data depends on whether the analytical process is in statistical control and bias is predictable for a particular type of chemical analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00125a009","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., Hirsch, R., and Gilroy, E., 1984, Effect of censoring trace-level water-quality data on trend-detection capability: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 18, no. 7, p. 530-535, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00125a009.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"535","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c8e4b0c8380cd50f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilroy, E.J.","contributorId":20306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":14608,"text":"ofr83939 - 1984 - Ground-water-quality data from the Powder River structural basin and adjacent areas, northeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T22:53:59.73833","indexId":"ofr83939","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-939","title":"Ground-water-quality data from the Powder River structural basin and adjacent areas, northeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for wells and springs in the Powder River basin in northeastern Wyoming are presented in three tables. The first table lists results of analyses of common constituents for 748 ground-water sites. The second table presents dissolved-trace-metal data for 220 ground-water sites. Radiochemical data are listed in the third table for 65 ground-water sites. The locations of the sites listed in the tables are shown on a map of the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83939","usgsCitation":"Larson, L.R., and Daddow, R.L., 1984, Ground-water-quality data from the Powder River structural basin and adjacent areas, northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-939, Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Plate: 26.71 x 28.37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83939.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Plate: 26.71 x 28.37 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422988,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14287.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":148111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0939/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43294,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0939/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43295,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0939/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.057,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -107.649,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -107.649,\n 42.412\n ],\n [\n -104.057,\n 42.412\n ],\n [\n -104.057,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, L. R.","contributorId":41421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daddow, R. L.","contributorId":35748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daddow","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013398,"text":"70013398 - 1984 - Characterization of the oil shale of the New Albany Shale in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013398","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterization of the oil shale of the New Albany Shale in Indiana","docAbstract":"In the 1920's chemical and mineralogic characterization of the New Albany Shale (Mississippian-Devonian) in Indiana showed the dark shale to be rich in organic material and have commercial possibilities. Projects in the 1960's resulted in disparaging descriptions of exiguous fossil record, monotonous mineralogy, and intractable chemistry. Since 1978 expanded efforts have yielded much new information but new problems as well. Although organic carbon and total sulfur show positive correlation, two nearly exclusive populations exist. Material high in organic carbon is more depleted in C13 than material with less organic carbon. A bed usually at the top of the unit hosts anomalous accumulations of heavy metals and contains concentrations in similar ratios to those of sea water except for Mo and Pb and shows very negative ??S34. Heat content as Btu/lb, organic carbon (total less inorganic), and Fischer assay oil-yields generally correlate, but one is not an accurate predictor of the others.","largerWorkTitle":"Preprints","language":"English","issn":"05693799","usgsCitation":"Leininger, R.K., Hailer, J., and Shaffer, N., 1984, Characterization of the oil shale of the New Albany Shale in Indiana, in Preprints, v. 29, no. 1.","startPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e6e4b0c8380cd4bfb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leininger, R. K.","contributorId":96408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leininger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hailer, J.G.","contributorId":90869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hailer","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, N.R.","contributorId":87683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85381,"text":"85381 - 1984 - Water chemistry at selected sites on Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River: A ten-year survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T14:37:01.270201","indexId":"85381","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Water chemistry at selected sites on Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River: A ten-year survey","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Butterworth Publ.","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., Jackson, G.A., and Korschgen, C.E., 1984, Water chemistry at selected sites on Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River: A ten-year survey, chap. 13 of Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River, p. 279-298.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.59356335138909\n ],\n [\n -91.21818267063998,\n 43.58025386259334\n ],\n [\n -91.19776610225634,\n 43.751572890330124\n ],\n [\n -91.23451592534718,\n 43.817901218956905\n ],\n [\n -91.22022432747842,\n 43.88121285751282\n ],\n [\n -91.26922409159957,\n 43.926814440909\n ],\n [\n -91.39376515873988,\n 43.998823115659604\n ],\n [\n -91.43663995234563,\n 43.99001041637359\n ],\n [\n -91.35089036513413,\n 43.897398062925504\n ],\n [\n -91.29984894417504,\n 43.825266490270934\n ],\n [\n -91.29168231682168,\n 43.78990490141615\n ],\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.77516472762318\n ],\n [\n -91.28759900314476,\n 43.67926501656808\n ],\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.59356335138909\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e14","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.C.","contributorId":111357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504461,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.V.","contributorId":18474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504459,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConville, D.R.","contributorId":59528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConville","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504460,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, G. A.","contributorId":73138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85593,"text":"85593 - 1984 - Water chemistry at selected sites on pools 7 and 8 of the upper Mississippi River: a ten-year survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T10:23:30","indexId":"85593","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Water chemistry at selected sites on pools 7 and 8 of the upper Mississippi River: a ten-year survey","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contaminants in the upper Mississippi River","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Butterworth Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., Jackson, G.A., and Korschgen, C.E., 1984, Water chemistry at selected sites on pools 7 and 8 of the upper Mississippi River: a ten-year survey, chap. of Contaminants in the upper Mississippi River, p. 279-298.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa253","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504535,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.V.","contributorId":18474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConville, D.R.","contributorId":59528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConville","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504536,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, G. A.","contributorId":73138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013483,"text":"70013483 - 1984 - Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 2. A dynamic analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:28:09","indexId":"70013483","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 2. A dynamic analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport","docAbstract":"Solute transport in streams is determined by the interaction of physical and chemical processes. Data from an injection experiment for chloride and several cations indicate significant influence of solutestreambed processes on transport in a mountain stream. These data are interpreted in terms of transient storage processes for all tracers and sorption processes for the cations. Process parameter values are estimated with simulations based on coupled quasi-two-dimensional transport and first-order mass transfer sorption. Comparative simulations demonstrate the relative roles of the physical and chemical processes in determining solute transport. During the first 24 hours of the experiment, chloride concentrations were attenuated relative to expected plateau levels. Additional attenuation occurred for the sorbing cation strontium. The simulations account for these storage processes. Parameter values determined by calibration compare favorably with estimates from other studies in mountain streams. Without further calibration, the transport of potassium and lithium is adequately simulated using parameters determined in the chloride-strontium simulation and with measured cation distribution coefficients.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i012p01804","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., 1984, Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 2. A dynamic analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 12, p. 1804-1814, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i012p01804.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1804","endPage":"1814","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd1e4b0c8380cd63085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":366160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013564,"text":"70013564 - 1984 - Land subsidence near oil and gas fields, Houston, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-21T11:22:07.947788","indexId":"70013564","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land subsidence near oil and gas fields, Houston, Texas","docAbstract":"Subsidence profiles across 29 oil and gas fields in the 12,200-km2 Houston, Texas, regional subsidence area, which is caused by decline of ground-water level, suggest that the contribution of petroleum withdrawal to local land subsidence is small. Despite large volumes of petroleum production, subsidence at most fields was not increased by oil and gas withdrawal. Local increases of subsidence were detected at only six fields—Alco-Mag, Chocolate Bayou, Goose Creek, Hastings, Mykawa, and South Houston. With the exception of the 1-m subsidence from 1917 to 1925 at Goose Creek, differential subsidence across oil and gas fields was smaller by a factor of two or more than subsidence caused by aquifer compaction. At four fields—Barbers Hill, Cedar Bayou, Humble, and Pierce Junction—subsidence was substantially less than in the surrounding area. Except for Cedar Bayou, these fields are associated with shallow salt domes that partly occupy the aquifer system; for the three fields, subsidence during the periods of record came to less than half the subsidence in the surrounding area.
In addition to land subsidence, faults with an aggregate length of more than 240 km (150 mi) have offset the land surface in historical time. Natural geologic deformation, ground-water pumping, and petroleum withdrawal have all been considered as potential causes of the historical offset across these faults. The minor amount of localized land subsidence associated with oil and gas fields, however, suggests that petroleum withdrawal is not a major cause of the historical faulting, at least by a differential compaction mechanism.