{"pageNumber":"2077","pageRowStart":"51900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70035075,"text":"70035075 - 2009 - Environmental and climatic variables as potential drivers of post-fire cover of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in seeded and unseeded semiarid ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035075","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and climatic variables as potential drivers of post-fire cover of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in seeded and unseeded semiarid ecosystems","docAbstract":"Cheatgrass, a non-native annual grass, dominates millions of hectares in semiarid ecosystems of the Intermountain West (USA). Post-fire invasions can reduce native species diversity and alter ecological processes. To curb cheatgrass invasion, land managers often seed recently burned areas with perennial competitor species. We sampled vegetation within burned (19 years post-fire) and nearby unburned (representing pre-fire) pionjuniper (Pinus edulisJuniperus osteosperma) woodland and sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) in western Colorado to analyze variables that might explain cheatgrass cover after fire. A multiple regression model suggests higher cheatgrass cover after fire with: (1) sagebrush v. pionjuniper; (2) higher pre-fire cover of annual forbs; (3) increased time since fire; (4) lower pre-fire cover of biological soil crust; and (5) lower precipitation the year before fire. Time since fire, which coincided with higher precipitation, accounts for most of the variability in cheatgrass cover. No significant difference was found in mean cheatgrass cover between seeded and unseeded plots over time. However, negative relationships with pre-fire biological soil crust cover and native species richness suggest livestock-degraded areas are more susceptible to post-fire invasion. Proactive strategies for combating cheatgrass should include finding effective native competitors and restoring livestock-degraded areas. ?? 2009 IAWF.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF07043","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Shinneman, D., and Baker, W., 2009, Environmental and climatic variables as potential drivers of post-fire cover of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in seeded and unseeded semiarid ecosystems: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 18, no. 2, p. 191-202, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07043.","startPage":"191","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215326,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF07043"},{"id":243121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a099be4b0c8380cd51fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinneman, D.J.","contributorId":71015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, W.L.","contributorId":89471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035284,"text":"70035284 - 2009 - Large area scene selection interface (LASSI): Methodology of selecting landsat imagery for The Global Land Survey 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:14:14","indexId":"70035284","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large area scene selection interface (LASSI): Methodology of selecting landsat imagery for The Global Land Survey 2005","docAbstract":"<p>The Global Land Survey (GLS) 2005 is a cloud-free, orthorec-tified collection of Landsat imagery acquired during the 2004 to 2007 epoch intended to support global land-cover and ecological monitoring. Due to the numerous complexities in selecting imagery for the GLS2005, NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sponsored the development of an automated scene selection tool, the Large Area Scene Selection Interface (LASSI), to aid in the selection of imagery for this data set. This innovative approach to scene selection applied a user-defined weighting system to various scene parameters: image cloud cover, image vegetation greenness, choice of sensor, and the ability of the Landsat-7 Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-off pair to completely fill image gaps, among others. The parameters considered in scene selection were weighted according to their relative importance to the data set, along with the algorithm’s sensitivity to that weight. This paper describes the methodology and analysis that established the parameter weighting strategy, as well as the post-screening processes used in selecting the optimal data set for GLS2005.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.11.1287","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Franks, S., Masek, J.G., Headley, R., Gasch, J., and Arvidson, T., 2009, Large area scene selection interface (LASSI): Methodology of selecting landsat imagery for The Global Land Survey 2005: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 11, p. 1287-1296, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.11.1287.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1287","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.11.1287","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4476e4b0c8380cd66b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franks, S.","contributorId":40803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masek, J. G.","contributorId":105883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Headley, R.M.K.","contributorId":10245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Headley","given":"R.M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gasch, J.","contributorId":87388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arvidson, T.","contributorId":35147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033999,"text":"70033999 - 2009 - Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:19:47","indexId":"70033999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of key water balance components of the Nile River will provide important information for the management of its water resources. This study used satellite-derived rainfall and other key weather variables derived from the Global Data Assimilation System to estimate and map the distribution of rainfall, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff. Daily water balance components were modelled in a grid-cell environment at 0·1 degree (∼10 km) spatial resolution for 7 years from 2001 through 2007. Annual maps of the key water balance components and derived variables such as runoff and ETa as a percent of rainfall were produced. Generally, the spatial patterns of rainfall and ETa indicate high values in the upstream watersheds (Uganda, southern Sudan, and southwestern Ethiopia) and low values in the downstream watersheds. However, runoff as a percent of rainfall is much higher in the Ethiopian highlands around the Blue Nile subwatershed. The analysis also showed the possible impact of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands in reducing ETa magnitudes despite the availability of sufficient rainfall. Although the model estimates require field validation for the different subwatersheds, the runoff volume estimate for the Blue Nile subwatershed is within 7·0% of a figure reported from an earlier study. Further research is required for a thorough validation of the results and their integration with ecohydrologic models for better management of water and land resources in the various Nile Basin ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7364","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Asante, K., and Artan, G.A., 2009, Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 26, p. 3675-3681, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7364.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3675","endPage":"3681","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7364"}],"volume":"23","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7c2e4b08c986b32c5f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asante, Kwabena 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":65948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035438,"text":"70035438 - 2009 - Geoengineering and seismological aspects of the Niigata-Ken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake of 16 July 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035438","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoengineering and seismological aspects of the Niigata-Ken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake of 16 July 2007","docAbstract":"The M6.6 Niigata-Ken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake of 16 July 2007 occurred off the west coast of Japan with a focal depth of 10 km, immediately west of Kashiwazaki City and Kariwa Village in southern Niigata Prefecture. Peak horizontal ground accelerations of 0.68 g were measured in Kashiwazaki City, as well as at the reactor floor level of the world's largest nuclear reactor, located on the coast at Kariwa Village. Liquefaction of historic and modern river deposits, aeolian dune sand, and manmade fill was widespread in the coastal region nearest the epicenter and caused ground deformations that damaged bridges, embankments, roadways, buildings, ports, railways and utilities. Landslides along the coast of southern Niigata Prefecture and in mountainous regions inland of Kashiwazaki were also widespread affecting transportation infrastructure. Liquefaction and a landslide also damaged the nuclear power plant sites. This paper, along with a companion digital map database available at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gOv/infobank/n/nii07jp/html/n-ii-07-jp.sites.kmz, describes the seismological and geo-engineering aspects of the event. ?? 2009, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.3240397","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Brandenberg, S., CoIlins, B., Dickenson, S., Ashford, S., Kawamata, Y., Tanaka, Y., Koumoto, H., Abrahamson, N., Cluff, L., and Tokimatsu, K., 2009, Geoengineering and seismological aspects of the Niigata-Ken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake of 16 July 2007: Earthquake Spectra, v. 25, no. 4, p. 777-802, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3240397.","startPage":"777","endPage":"802","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3240397"},{"id":243275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1747e4b0c8380cd5546e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandenberg, S.J.","contributorId":27287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandenberg","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"CoIlins, B.D.","contributorId":96499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"CoIlins","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickenson, S.","contributorId":102706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickenson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ashford, S.","contributorId":23350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashford","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kawamata, Y.","contributorId":36378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawamata","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tanaka, Y.","contributorId":14214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Koumoto, H.","contributorId":34741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koumoto","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Abrahamson, N.","contributorId":60358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cluff, L.","contributorId":73789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cluff","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tokimatsu, K.","contributorId":85756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokimatsu","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70033864,"text":"70033864 - 2009 - Characterisation of carbon nanotubes in the context of toxicity studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:14:10","indexId":"70033864","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5522,"text":"Environmental Health","onlineIssn":"1476-069X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterisation of carbon nanotubes in the context of toxicity studies","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionise our futures, but has also prompted concerns about the possibility that nanomaterials may harm humans or the biosphere. The unique properties of nanoparticles, that give them novel size dependent functionalities, may also have the potential to cause harm. Discrepancies in existing human health and environmental studies have shown the importance of good quality, well-characterized reference nanomaterials for toxicological studies.</p><p class=\"Para\">Here we make a case for the importance of the detailed characterization of nanoparticles, using several methods, particularly to allow the recognition of impurities and the presence of chemically identical but structurally distinct phases. Methods to characterise fully, commercially available multi-wall carbon nanotubes at different scales, are presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S3","issn":"1476069X","usgsCitation":"Berhanu, D., Dybowska, A., Misra, S., Stanley, C., Ruenraroengsak, P., Boccaccini, A., Tetley, T., Luoma, S., Plant, J., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2009, Characterisation of carbon nanotubes in the context of toxicity studies: Environmental Health, v. 8, no. Suppl. 1, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S3.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476199,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069x-8-s1-s3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S3"},{"id":242039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"Suppl. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f48ae4b0c8380cd4bd97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berhanu, D.","contributorId":86177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berhanu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dybowska, A.","contributorId":47171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Misra, S.K.","contributorId":47989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, C.J.","contributorId":31636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruenraroengsak, P.","contributorId":85845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruenraroengsak","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boccaccini, A.R.","contributorId":59637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boccaccini","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tetley, T.D.","contributorId":52796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetley","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Plant, J.A.","contributorId":84137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70034751,"text":"70034751 - 2009 - Processes that initiate turbidity currents and their influence on turbidites: A marine geology perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T14:14:03","indexId":"70034751","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes that initiate turbidity currents and their influence on turbidites: A marine geology perspective","docAbstract":"<p><span>How the processes that initiate turbidity currents influence turbidite deposition is poorly understood, and many discussions in the literature rely on concepts that are overly simplistic. Marine geological studies provide information on the initiation and flow path of turbidity currents, including their response to gradient. In case studies of late Quaternary turbidites on the eastern Canadian and western U.S. margins, initiation processes are inferred either from real-time data for historical flows or indirectly from the age and contemporary paleogeography, erosional features, and depositional record. Three major types of initiation process are recognized: transformation of failed sediment, hyperpycnal flow from rivers or ice margins, and resuspension of sediment near the shelf edge by oceanographic processes. Many high-concentration flows result from hyperpycnal supply of hyperconcentrated bedload, or liquefaction failure of coarse-grained sediment, and most tend to deposit in slope conduits and on gradients &lt; 0.5° at the base of slope and on the mid fan. Highly turbulent flows, from transformation of retrogressive failures and from ignitive flows that are triggered by oceanographic processes, tend to cannibalize these more proximal sediments and redeposit them on lower gradients on the basin plain. Such conduit flushing provides most of the sediment in large turbidites. Initiation mechanism exerts a strong control on the duration of turbidity flows. In most basins, there is a complex feedback between different types of turbidity-current initiation, the transformation of the flows, and the associated slope morphology. As a result, there is no simple relationship between initiating process and type of deposit.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2009.046","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., and Normark, W.R., 2009, Processes that initiate turbidity currents and their influence on turbidites: A marine geology perspective: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 79, no. 6, p. 347-362, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.046.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-007571","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.046"}],"volume":"79","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dbce4b0c8380cd7edcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, David J. W.","contributorId":28631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034750,"text":"70034750 - 2009 - GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:32:34","indexId":"70034750","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars","docAbstract":"The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (Mars Odyssey spacecraft) has revealed elemental distributions of potassium (K), thorium (Th), and iron (Fe) on Mars that require fractionation of K (and possibly Th and Fe) consistent with aqueous activity. This includes weathering, evolution of soils, and transport, sorting, and deposition, as well as with the location of first-order geomorphological demarcations identified as possible paleoocean boundaries. The element abundances occur in patterns consistent with weathering in situ and possible presence of relict or exhumed paleosols, deposition of weathered materials (salts and clastic minerals), and weathering/transport under neutral to acidic brines. The abundances are explained by hydrogeology consistent with the possibly overlapping alternatives of paleooceans and/or heterogeneous rock compositions from diverse provenances (e.g., differing igneous compositions). ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Baker, V., Boynton, W.V., Fairen, A., Ferris, J., Finch, M., Furfaro, R., Hare, T., Janes, D., Kargel, J., Karunatillake, S., Keller, J., Kerry, K., Kim, K., Komatsu, G., Mahaney, W., Schulze-Makuch, D., Marinangeli, L., Ori, G., Ruiz, J., and Wheelock, S., 2009, GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 5-6, p. 664-684, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008.","startPage":"664","endPage":"684","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502631,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://eprints.ucm.es/10512/2/25-Marte_9_P%C3%A1gina_01.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1485e4b0c8380cd54a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boynton, W. V.","contributorId":44274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boynton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finch, M.","contributorId":11848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Furfaro, R.","contributorId":92887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furfaro","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Janes, D.M.","contributorId":34743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Karunatillake, S.","contributorId":95295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karunatillake","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Keller, J.","contributorId":83313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kerry, K.","contributorId":45905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerry","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kim, K.J.","contributorId":30418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Komatsu, G.","contributorId":35913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mahaney, W.C.","contributorId":41187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahaney","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schulze-Makuch, D.","contributorId":62829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulze-Makuch","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Marinangeli, L.","contributorId":77280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinangeli","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ori, G.G.","contributorId":50352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ori","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Ruiz, J.","contributorId":88886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wheelock, S.J.","contributorId":94523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheelock","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70034553,"text":"70034553 - 2009 - Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 1. Water column chemistry and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T09:41:45","indexId":"70034553","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 1. Water column chemistry and transport","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">We studied total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in eight streams, located in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, that span large ranges in climate, landscape characteristics, atmospheric Hg deposition, and water chemistry. While atmospheric deposition was the source of Hg at each site, basin characteristics appeared to mediate this source by providing controls on methylation and fluvial THg and MeHg transport. Instantaneous concentrations of filtered total mercury (FTHg) and filtered methylmercury (FMeHg) exhibited strong positive correlations with both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and streamflow for most streams, whereas mean FTHg and FMeHg concentrations were correlated with wetland density of the basins. For all streams combined, whole water concentrations (sum of filtered and particulate forms) of THg and MeHg correlated strongly with DOC and suspended sediment concentrations in the water column.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es802694n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Brigham, M.E., Wentz, D., Aiken, G., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2009, Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 1. Water column chemistry and transport: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 8, p. 2720-2725, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802694n.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2720","endPage":"2725","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476344,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es802694n","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802694n"},{"id":243753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53f9e4b0c8380cd6ce46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wentz, D.A.","contributorId":85206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035600,"text":"70035600 - 2009 - Producing fired bricks using coal slag from a gasification plant in indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035600","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Producing fired bricks using coal slag from a gasification plant in indiana","docAbstract":"Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a promising power generation technology which increases the efficiency of coal-to-power conversion and enhances carbon dioxide concentration in exhaust emissions for better greenhouse gas capture. Two major byproducts from IGCC plants are bottom slag and sulfur. The sulfur can be processed into commercially viable products, but high value applications need to be developed for the slag material in order to improve economics of the process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of incorporating coal slag generated by the Wabash River IGCC plant in Indiana as a raw material for the production of fired bricks. Full-size bricks containing up to 20 wt% of the coal slag were successfully produced at a bench-scale facility. These bricks have color and texture similar to those of regular fired bricks and their water absorption properties met the ASTM specifications for a severe weathering grade. Other engineering properties tests, including compressive strength tests, are in progress.","largerWorkTitle":"3rd World of Coal Ash, WOCA Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"3rd World of Coal Ash, WOCA Conference","conferenceDate":"4 May 2009 through 7 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Lexington, KY","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chen, L., Chou, I., Chou, S.J., and Stucki, J., 2009, Producing fired bricks using coal slag from a gasification plant in indiana, <i>in</i> 3rd World of Coal Ash, WOCA Conference - Proceedings, Lexington, KY, 4 May 2009 through 7 May 2009.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dcbe4b0c8380cd7ee2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, L.-M.","contributorId":18602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"L.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, Sheng-Fu J.","contributorId":9777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"Sheng-Fu","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stucki, J.W.","contributorId":61640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stucki","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035408,"text":"70035408 - 2009 - Use of morphometric measurements to differentiate between species and sex of king and clapper rails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035408","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of morphometric measurements to differentiate between species and sex of king and clapper rails","docAbstract":"King Rails (Rallus elegans) and Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris) are large, secretive waterbirds whose ranges overlap in brackish marshes along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. King and Clapper Rails are difficult to separate by physical appearance and there is currently no reliable method to distinguish between the two species. Here, the relative effectiveness of using discriminant analysis of morphometric measurements to identify and sex King and Clapper Rails was examined. Mean measurements of wing, tarsus, and weight were different between male King and Clapper Rails and between female King and Clapper Rails. However, for all measurements except culmen, male Clapper Rails and female King Rails were not different. Discriminate analysis of morphometric measurements revealed that wing, tarsus, and culmen measurements differentiated between King and Clapper Rails, but cross-validation results for male Clapper Rails were only 73%. Male King Rails were larger than female King Rails for all morphometric measurements and male Clapper Rails were larger than female Clapper Rails for all morphometric measurements except for the tail. Wing and tarsus measurements differentiated between male and female King Rails and wing, tarsus, and culmen measurements differentiated between male and female Clapper Rails.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0411","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Perkins, M., King, S., Travis, S., and Linscombe, J., 2009, Use of morphometric measurements to differentiate between species and sex of king and clapper rails: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 4, p. 579-584, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0411.","startPage":"579","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215316,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0411"},{"id":243111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf47e4b08c986b329a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Marie","contributorId":22957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, S.L.","contributorId":105663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Travis, S.E. 0000-0001-9338-8953","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-8953","contributorId":28718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linscombe, J.","contributorId":95712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linscombe","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034130,"text":"70034130 - 2009 - Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","docAbstract":"Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) are considered sensitive, threatened, or endangered in all western states and western Canadian provinces. Historically present in eastern Washington in 6 major river drainages, leopard frogs are now only known to occur at 2 localized areas in the Crab Creek drainage in Grant County. During the summers of 2002-2005, we surveyed both areas to document extent of leopard frog distributions and to describe habitat and vertebrate community characteristics associated with leopard frog site occupancy. At Gloyd Seeps, 2 juvenile leopard frogs were observed in a total of 8.2 person-days of searching along a 5-km stream reach. At Potholes Reservoir, we surveyed 243 wetland sites in 7 management units known to have been occupied by leopard frogs during the 1980s. We confirmed leopard frog presence at only 87 sites (36%) in 4 management units. Site occupancy models for individual ponds indicated that, compared to unoccupied sites, occupied sites had slightly greater pond depths, less tall emergent vegetation, more herbaceous vegetative cover, and fewer neighboring ponds containing nonnative predatory fish. Models developed at the 1-km2 scale indicated that occupied areas had greater average midsummer pond depths, fewer ponds occupied by bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana) and carp (Cyprinus carpio), and more herbaceous vegetation surrounding ponds. The Gloyd Seeps population now appears defunct, and the Potholes Reservoir population is in sharp decline. Unless management actions are taken to reduce nonnative fish and bullfrogs and to enhance wetland vegetation, leopard frogs may soon be extirpated from both sites and possibly, therefore, from Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0413","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S., and Hays, D., 2009, Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 537-547, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413.","startPage":"537","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502637,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413"},{"id":244771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a029ce4b0c8380cd50116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, S.S.","contributorId":101525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, D.W.","contributorId":70967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034747,"text":"70034747 - 2009 - Characteristics of ground motion at permafrost sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034747","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of ground motion at permafrost sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway","docAbstract":"Based on 14 typical drilling holes distributed in the permafrost areas along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, the distribution of wave velocities of soils in the permafrost regions were determined. Using results of dynamic triaxial tests, the results of dynamic triaxiality test and time histories of ground motion acceleration in this area, characteristics of ground motion response were analyzed for these permafrost sites for time histories of ground accelerations with three exceedance probabilities (63%, 10% and 2%). The influence of ground temperature on the seismic displacement, velocity, acceleration and response spectrum on the surface of permafrost were also studied. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.11.009","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Wang, L., Wu, Z., Sun, J., Liu, X., and Wang, Z., 2009, Characteristics of ground motion at permafrost sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 29, no. 6, p. 974-981, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.11.009.","startPage":"974","endPage":"981","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215958,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.11.009"},{"id":243795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f49ae4b0c8380cd4bdf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Z.","contributorId":102028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034765,"text":"70034765 - 2009 - Temporal response of hydraulic head, temperature, and chloride concentrations to sea-level changes, Floridan aquifer system, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:15:08","indexId":"70034765","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal response of hydraulic head, temperature, and chloride concentrations to sea-level changes, Floridan aquifer system, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three-dimensional density-dependent flow and transport modeling of the Floridan aquifer system, USA shows that current chloride concentrations are not in equilibrium with current sea level and, second, that the geometric configuration of the aquifer has a significant effect on system responses. The modeling shows that hydraulic head equilibrates first, followed by temperatures, and then by chloride concentrations. The model was constructed using a modified version of SUTRA capable of simulating multi-species heat and solute transport, and was compared to pre-development conditions using hydraulic heads, chloride concentrations, and temperatures from 315 observation wells. Three hypothetical, sinusoidal sea-level changes occurring over 100,000&nbsp;years were used to evaluate how the simulated aquifer responds to sea-level changes. Model results show that hydraulic head responses lag behind sea-level changes only where the Miocene Hawthorn confining unit is thick and represents a significant restriction to flow. Temperatures equilibrate quickly except where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick and the duration of the sea-level event is long (exceeding 30,000&nbsp;years). Response times for chloride concentrations to equilibrate are shortest near the coastline and where the aquifer is unconfined; in contrast, chloride concentrations do not change significantly over the 100,000-year simulation period where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J., Vacher, H.L., and Sanford, W., 2009, Temporal response of hydraulic head, temperature, and chloride concentrations to sea-level changes, Floridan aquifer system, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 4, p. 793-815, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"815","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba516e4b08c986b3207db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, J.D.","contributorId":25539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vacher, H. Leonard","contributorId":90529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacher","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035276,"text":"70035276 - 2009 - The glacial/deglacial history of sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035276","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The glacial/deglacial history of sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"Bear Lake, in northeastern Utah and southern Idaho, lies in a large valley formed by an active half-graben. Bear River, the largest river in the Great Basin, enters Bear Lake Valley ???15 km north of the lake. Two 4-m-long cores provide a lake sediment record extending back ???26 cal k.y. The penetrated section can be divided into a lower unit composed of quartz-rich clastic sediments and an upper unit composed largely of endogenic carbonate. Data from modern fluvial sediments provide the basis for interpreting changes in provenance of detrital material in the lake cores. Sediments from small streams draining elevated topography on the east and west sides of the lake are characterized by abundant dolomite, high magnetic susceptibility (MS) related to eolian magnetite, and low values of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM, indicative of hematite content). In contrast, sediments from the headwaters of the Bear River in the Uinta Mountains lack carbonate and have high HIRM and low MS. Sediments from lower reaches of the Bear River contain calcite but little dolomite and have low values of MS and HIRM. These contrasts in catchment properties allow interpretation of the following sequence from variations in properties of the lake sediment: (1) ca. 26 cal ka-onset of glaciation; (2) ca. 26-20 cal ka-quasicyclical, millennial-scale variations in the concentrations of hematite-rich glacial fl our derived from the Uinta Mountains, and dolomite- and magnetite-rich material derived from the local Bear Lake catchment (reflecting variations in glacial extent); (3) ca. 20-19 cal ka-maximum content of glacial fl our; (4) ca. 19-17 cal ka-constant content of Bear River sediment but declining content of glacial fl our from the Uinta Mountains; (5) ca. 17-15.5 cal ka-decline in Bear River sediment and increase in content of sediment from the local catchment; and (6) ca. 15.5-14.5 cal ka-increase in content of endogenic calcite at the expense of detrital material. The onset of glaciation indicated in the Bear Lake record postdates the initial rise of Lake Bonneville and roughly corresponds to the Stansbury shoreline. The lake record indicates that maximum glaciation occurred as Lake Bonneville reached its maximum extent ca. 20 cal ka and that deglaciation was under way while Lake Bonneville remained at its peak. The transition from siliciclastic to carbonate sedimentation probably indicates increasingly evaporative conditions and may coincide with the climatically driven fall of Lake Bonneville from the Provo shoreline. Although lake levels fluctuated during the Younger Dryas, the Bear Lake record for this period is more consistent with drier conditions, rather than cooler, moister conditions interpreted from many studies from western North America. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(11)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Rosenbaum, J.G., and Heil, C., 2009, The glacial/deglacial history of sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 247-261, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(11).","startPage":"247","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(11)"},{"id":243167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac87e4b08c986b323564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heil, C.W. Jr.","contributorId":26901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heil","given":"C.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034763,"text":"70034763 - 2009 - Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T16:08:13","indexId":"70034763","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","docAbstract":"We present a mid to late Holocene sea-level record derived from drilling the New Jersey coast that shows a relatively constant rise of 1.8??mm/yr from ~ 5000 to 500 calibrated calendar years before present (yrBP). This contrasts with previous New Jersey estimates that showed only 0.5??mm/yr rise since 2000??yrBP. Comparison with other Mid-Atlantic sea-level records (Delaware to southern New England) indicates surprising uniformity considering different proximities to the peripheral bulge of the Laurentide ice sheet, with a relative rise throughout the region of ~ 1.7-1.9??mm/yr since ~ 5000??yrBP. This regional sea-level rise includes both: 1) global sea-level (eustatic) rise; and 2) far-field geoidal subsidence (estimated as ~ 0.8-1.4??mm/yr today) due to removal of the Laurentide ice sheet and water loading. Correcting for geoidal subsidence, the U.S. east coast records suggest a global sea-level (eustatic) rise of ~ 0.4-1.0??mm/yr (with a best estimate of 0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr) since 5000??yrBP. Comparison with other records provides a best estimate of pre-anthropogenic global sea-level rise of < 1.0??mm/yr from 5000 until ~ 200??yrBP. Tide gauge data indicate a 20th century rate of eustatic rise of 1.8??mm/yr, whereas both tide gauge and satellite data suggest an increase in the rate of rise to ~ 3.3??mm/yr from 1993-2006 AD. This indicates that the modern rise (~ 3.3??mm/yr) is significantly higher than the pre-anthropogenic rise (0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr). ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J.V., Horton, B.P., Stanley, A., Kahn, A., Uptegrove, J., and Aucott, M., 2009, Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes: Global and Planetary Change, v. 66, no. 1-2, p. 10-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.63037109375,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.63037109375,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b881ae4b08c986b3167df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter J.","contributorId":9251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Alissa","contributorId":26156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Alissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kahn, Alicia","contributorId":45136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahn","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Uptegrove, Jane","contributorId":35406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uptegrove","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aucott, Michael","contributorId":67320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034748,"text":"70034748 - 2009 - Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T13:35:37","indexId":"70034748","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations","docAbstract":"Seismograms of local earthquakes recorded in Seattle exhibit surface waves in the Seattle basin and basin-edge focusing of S waves. Spectral ratios of Swaves and later arrivals at 1 Hz for stiff-soil sites in the Seattle basin show a dependence on the direction to the earthquake, with earthquakes to the south and southwest producing higher average amplification. Earthquakes to the southwest typically produce larger basin surface waves relative to S waves than earthquakes to the north and northwest, probably because of the velocity contrast across the Seattle fault along the southern margin of the Seattle basin. S to P conversions are observed for some events and are likely converted at the bottom of the Seattle basin. We model five earthquakes, including the M 6.8 Nisqually earthquake, using 3D finite-difference simulations accurate up to 1 Hz. The simulations reproduce the observed dependence of amplification on the direction to the earthquake. The simulations generally match the timing and character of basin surface waves observed for many events. The 3D simulation for the Nisqually earth-quake produces focusing of S waves along the southern margin of the Seattle basin near the area in west Seattle that experienced increased chimney damage from the earthquake, similar to the results of the higher-frequency 2D simulation reported by Stephenson et al. (2006). Waveforms from the 3D simulations show reasonable agreement with the data at low frequencies (0.2-0.4 Hz) for the Nisqually earthquake and an M 4.8 deep earthquake west of Seattle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080203","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Stephenson, W., and Carver, D., 2009, Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1579-1611, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080203.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1611","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080203"},{"id":243825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a12e4b08c986b316fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William","contributorId":38804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carver, David","contributorId":55867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034749,"text":"70034749 - 2009 - Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:01:56","indexId":"70034749","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Evaluation of the extent of volatile element recycling in convergent margin volcanism requires delineating likely source(s) of magmatic volatiles through stable isotopic characterization of sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen in erupted tephra with appropriate assessment of modification by degassing. The climactic eruption of Mt. Mazama ejected approximately 50&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of rhyodacitic magma into the atmosphere and resulted in formation of a 10-km diameter caldera now occupied by Crater Lake, Oregon (lat. 43°N, long. 122°W). Isotopic compositions of whole-rocks, matrix glasses and minerals from Mt. Mazama climactic, pre-climactic and postcaldera tephra were determined to identify the likely source(s) of H<sub>2</sub>O and S. Integration of stable isotopic data with petrologic data from melt inclusions has allowed for estimation of pre-eruptive dissolved volatile concentrations and placed constraints on the extent, conditions and style of degassing.</p><p>Sulfur isotope analyses of climactic rhyodacitic whole rocks yield δ<sup>34</sup>S values of 2.8–14.8‰ with corresponding matrix glass values of 2.4–13.2‰. δ<sup>34</sup>S tends to increase with stratigraphic height through climactic eruptive units, consistent with open-system degassing. Dissolved sulfur concentrations in melt inclusions (MIs) from pre-climactic and climactic rhyodacitic pumices varies from 80 to 330&nbsp;ppm, with highest concentrations in inclusions with 4.8–5.2&nbsp;wt% H<sub>2</sub>O (by FTIR). Up to 50% of the initial S may have been lost through pre-eruptive degassing at depths of 4–5&nbsp;km. Ion microprobe analyses of pyrrhotite in climactic rhyodacitic tephra and andesitic scoria indicate a range in δ<sup>34</sup>S from −0.4‰ to 5.8‰ and from −0.1‰ to 3.5‰, respectively. Initial δ<sup>34</sup>S values of rhyodacitic and andesitic magmas were likely near the mantle value of 0‰. Hydrogen isotope (δD) and total H<sub>2</sub>O analyses of rhyodacitic obsidian (and vitrophyre) from the climactic fall deposit yielded values οf −103 to −53‰ and 0.23–1.74&nbsp;wt%, respectively. Values of δD and wt% H<sub>2</sub>O of obsidian decrease towards the top of the fall deposit. Samples with depleted δD, and mantle δ<sup>18</sup>O values, have elevated δ<sup>34</sup>S values consistent with open-system degassing. These results imply that more mantle-derived sulfur is degassed to the Earth’s atmosphere/hydrosphere through convergent margin volcanism than previously attributed. Magmatic degassing can modify initial isotopic compositions of sulfur by &gt;14‰ (to δ<sup>34</sup>S values of 14‰ or more here) and hydrogen isotopic compositions by 90‰ (to δD values of −127‰ in this case).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.019","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Mandeville, C., Webster, J., Tappen, C., Taylor, B., Timbal, A., Sasaki, A., Hauri, E., and Bacon, C., 2009, Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 10, p. 2978-3012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.019.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"2978","endPage":"3012","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake, Mt. Mazama","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.21397399902344,\n              42.894076403348976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00111389160155,\n              42.894076403348976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00111389160155,\n              42.987571901931226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21397399902344,\n              42.987571901931226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21397399902344,\n              42.894076403348976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b966ce4b08c986b31b4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandeville, C.W.","contributorId":44005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandeville","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, J.D.","contributorId":16582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappen, C.","contributorId":105937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappen","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, B.E.","contributorId":23262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Timbal, A.","contributorId":69808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timbal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sasaki, A.","contributorId":96504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauri, E.","contributorId":11029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauri","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035528,"text":"70035528 - 2009 - Unusual raptor nests around the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:35:04","indexId":"70035528","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual raptor nests around the world","docAbstract":"From surveys in many countries, we report raptors using unusual nesting materials (e.g., paper money, rags, metal, antlers, and large bones) and unusual nesting situations. For example, we documented nests of Steppe Eagles Aquila nipalensis and Upland Buzzards Buteo hemilasius on the ground beside well-traveled roads, Saker Falcon Falco cherrug eyries in attics and a cistern, and Osprey Pandion haliaetus nests on the masts of boats and on a suspended automobile. Other records include a Golden Eagle A. chrysaetos nest 7.0 m in height, believed to be the tallest nest ever described, and, for the same species, we report nesting in rudimentary nests. Some nest sites are within a few meters of known predators or competitors. These unusual observations may be important in revealing the plasticity of a species' behavioral repertoire. ?? 2009 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3356/JRR-08-110.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Craig, T., Craig, E., Postupalsky, S., LaRue, C., Nelson, R., Anderson, D.W., Henny, C.J., Watson, J., Millsap, B., Dawson, J., Cole, K., Martin, E., Margalida, A., and Kung, P., 2009, Unusual raptor nests around the world: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 43, no. 3, p. 175-198, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-110.1.","startPage":"175","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487804,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-08-110.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-110.1"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd06e4b08c986b328e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craig, T.","contributorId":56472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craig, E.","contributorId":12710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Postupalsky, S.","contributorId":91957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Postupalsky","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LaRue, C.T.","contributorId":88449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRue","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, R.W.","contributorId":99260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, D. W.","contributorId":48519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Watson, J.","contributorId":95296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Millsap, B.A.","contributorId":30716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millsap","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dawson, J.W.","contributorId":106339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":451107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Martin, E.M.","contributorId":55917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Margalida, A.","contributorId":30070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margalida","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kung, P.","contributorId":7527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kung","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70179547,"text":"70179547 - 2009 - Gopherus Agassizii (Desert Tortoise). Predation/Mountain Lions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:49:26","indexId":"70179547","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gopherus Agassizii (Desert Tortoise). Predation/Mountain Lions","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Review","usgsCitation":"Greger, P.D., and Medica, P.A., 2009, Gopherus Agassizii (Desert Tortoise). Predation/Mountain Lions: Herpetological Review, v. 40, no. 1.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1829e4b0f5ce109fcaf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greger, Paul D.","contributorId":177952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greger","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medica, Philip A.","contributorId":55780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035601,"text":"70035601 - 2009 - Nesting ecology of Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian and palustrine wetlands of eastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T10:57:16","indexId":"70035601","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology of Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian and palustrine wetlands of eastern Idaho","docAbstract":"Little information exists on breeding Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian wetlands of the Intermountain West. We examined the nesting ecology of Sandhill Cranes associated with riparian and palustrine wetlands in the Henry's Fork Watershed in eastern Idaho in 2003. We located 36 active crane nests, 19 in riparian wetlands and 17 in palustrine wetlands. Nesting sites were dominated by rushes (Juncus spp.), sedges (Carex spp.), Broad-leaved Cattail (Typha latifolia) and willow (Salix spp.), and adjacent foraging areas were primarily composed of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), cinquefoil (Potentilla spp.),Rabbitbrush (Ericameria bloomeri) bunch grasses, upland forbs, Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and cottonwood (Populus spp.). Mean water depth surrounding nests was 23 cm (SD = 22). A majority of nests (61%) were surrounded by vegetation between 3060 cm, 23% by vegetation <30 cm, and 16% by vegetation >60 cm in height. We were able to determine the fate of 29 nests, of which 20 were successful (69%). Daily nest survival was 0.986 (95% LCI 0.963, UCI 0.995), equivalent to a Mayfield nest success of 0.654 (95% LCI 0.324, UCI 0.853). Model selection favored models with the covariates vegetation type, vegetation height, and water depth. Nest survival increased with increasing water depth surrounding nest sites. Mean water depth was higher around successful nests (30 cm, SD = 21) than unsuccessful nests (15 cm, SD 22). Further research is needed to evaluate the relative contribution of cranes nesting in palustrine and riparian wetlands distributed widely across the Intermountain West.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0112","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"McWethy, D., and Austin, J.E., 2009, Nesting ecology of Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian and palustrine wetlands of eastern Idaho: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 1, p. 106-115, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0112.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0112"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64bce4b0c8380cd72a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McWethy, D.B.","contributorId":10639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWethy","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035071,"text":"70035071 - 2009 - Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1028,"text":"Biology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild","docAbstract":"Human-mediated hybridization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. How hybridization affects fitness and what level of hybridization is permissible pose difficult conservation questions with little empirical information to guide policy and management decisions. This is particularly true for salmonids, where widespread introgression among non-native and native taxa has often created hybrid swarms over extensive geographical areas resulting in genomic extinction. Here, we used parentage analysis with multilocus microsatellite markers to measure how varying levels of genetic introgression with non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) affect reproductive success (number of offspring per adult) of native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in the wild. Small amounts of hybridization markedly reduced fitness of male and female trout, with reproductive success sharply declining by approximately 50 per cent, with only 20 per cent admixture. Despite apparent fitness costs, our data suggest that hybridization may spread due to relatively high reproductive success of first-generation hybrids and high reproductive success of a few males with high levels of admixture. This outbreeding depression suggests that even low levels of admixture may have negative effects on fitness in the wild and that policies protecting hybridized populations may need reconsideration. ?? 2009 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2009.0033","issn":"17449561","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C., Kalinowski, S., McMahon, T., Taper, M., Painter, S., Leary, R., and Allendorf, F., 2009, Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild: Biology Letters, v. 5, no. 3, p. 328-331, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0033.","startPage":"328","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476388,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2679930","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0033"},{"id":243058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32c3e4b0c8380cd5ea66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, C.C.","contributorId":97850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalinowski, S.T.","contributorId":26899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, T.E.","contributorId":56463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"T.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taper, M.L.","contributorId":36514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Painter, S.","contributorId":28799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leary, R.F.","contributorId":31221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leary","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Allendorf, F.W.","contributorId":99937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allendorf","given":"F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035067,"text":"70035067 - 2009 - Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range","docAbstract":"The roles of dispersal and population dynamics in determining species' range boundaries recently have received theoretical attention but little empirical work. Here we provide data on survival, reproduction, and movement for a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) population at a local distributional edge in central Massachusetts (USA). Most juvenile females that apparently exploited anthropogenic resources survived their first winter, whereas those using adjacent natural resources died of starvation. In spring, adult females recolonized natural areas. A life-table model suggests that a population exploiting anthropogenic resources may grow, acting as source to a geographically interlaced sink of opossums using only natural resources, and also providing emigrants for further range expansion to new human-dominated landscapes. In a geographical model, this source-sink dynamic is consistent with the local distribution identified through road-kill surveys. The Virginia opossum's exploitation of human resources likely ameliorates energetically restrictive winters and may explain both their local distribution and their northward expansion in unsuitable natural climatic regimes. Landscape heterogeneity, such as created by urbanization, may result in source-sink dynamics at highly localized scales. Differential fitness and individual dispersal movements within local populations are key to generating regional distributions, and thus species ranges, that exceed expectations. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1263.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Kanda, L., Fuller, T., Sievert, P., and Kellogg, R., 2009, Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range: Ecology, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1574-1585, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1263.1.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1585","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1263.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88d8e4b08c986b316bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanda, L.L.","contributorId":74978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanda","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellogg, R.L.","contributorId":74080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034712,"text":"70034712 - 2009 - Late Quaternary paleoclimate of western Alaska inferred from fossil chironomids and its relation to vegetation histories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T13:00:14","indexId":"70034712","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary paleoclimate of western Alaska inferred from fossil chironomids and its relation to vegetation histories","docAbstract":"Fossil Chironomidae assemblages (with a few Chaoboridae and Ceratopogonidae) from Zagoskin and Burial Lakes in western Alaska provide quantitative reconstructions of mean July air temperatures for periods of the late-middle Wisconsin (&#126;39,000-34,000 cal yr B.P.) to the present. Inferred temperatures are compared with previously analyzed pollen data from each site summarized here by indirect ordination. Paleotemperature trends reveal substantial differences in the timing of climatic warming following the late Wisconsin at each site, although chronological uncertainty exists. Zagoskin Lake shows early warming beginning at about 21,000 cal yr B.P., whereas warming at Burial Lake begins &#126;4000 years later. Summer climates during the last glacial maximum (LGM) were on average &#126;3.5C&deg; below the modern temperatures at each site. Major shifts in vegetation occurred from &#126;19,000 to 10,000 cal yr B.P. at Zagoskin Lake and from &#126;17,000 to 10,000 cal yr B.P. at Burial Lake. Vegetation shifts followed climatic warming, when temperatures neared modern values. Both sites provide evidence of an early postglacial thermal maximum at &#126;12,300 cal yr B.P. These chironomid records, combined with other insect-based climatic reconstructions from Beringia, indicate that during the LGM: (1) greater continentality likely influenced regions adjacent to the Bering Land Bridge and (2) summer climates were, at times, not dominated by severe cold.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.001","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Kurek, J., Cwynar, L.C., Ager, T.A., Abbott, M.B., and Edwards, M., 2009, Late Quaternary paleoclimate of western Alaska inferred from fossil chironomids and its relation to vegetation histories: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 28, no. 9-10, p. 799-811, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.001.","startPage":"799","endPage":"811","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215897,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.001"},{"id":243732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4532e4b0c8380cd670f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurek, Joshua","contributorId":29237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurek","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cwynar, Les C.","contributorId":86586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cwynar","given":"Les","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ager, Thomas A. 0000-0002-5029-7581 tager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-7581","contributorId":736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"Thomas","email":"tager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abbott, Mark B.","contributorId":97733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Mary E.","contributorId":103490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Mary E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034265,"text":"70034265 - 2009 - Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034265","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors","docAbstract":"Dispersal is a behavioral process having consequences for individual fitness and population dynamics. Recent advances in technology have spawned new theoretical examinations and empirical studies of the dispersal process in birds, providing opportunities for examining how this information may be applied to studies of the dispersal process in raptors. Many raptors are the focus of conservation efforts; thus, reliable data on all aspects of a species' population dynamics, including dispersal distances, movement rates, and mortality rates of dispersers, are required for population viability analyses that are increasingly used to inform management. Here, we address emerging issues and novel approaches used in the study of avian dispersal, and provide suggestions to consider when developing and implementing studies of dispersal in raptors. Clarifying study objectives is essential for selection of an appropriate methodology and sample size needed to obtain accurate estimates of movement distances and rates. Identifying an appropriate study-area size will allow investigators to avoid underestimating population connectivity and important population parameters. Because nomadic individuals of some species use temporary settling areas or home ranges before breeding, identification of these areas is critical for conservation efforts focusing on habitats other than breeding sites. Study designs for investigating raptor dispersal also should include analysis of environmental and social factors influencing dispersal, to improve our understanding of condition-dependent dispersal strategies. Finally, we propose a terminology for use in describing the variety of movements associated with dispersal behavior in raptors, and we suggest this terminology could be used consistently to facilitate comparisons among studies. ?? 2009 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3356/JRR-08-33.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J.L., and Wood, P., 2009, Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 43, no. 2, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-33.1.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476211,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-08-33.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-33.1"},{"id":244779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f288e4b0c8380cd4b225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, J. L.","contributorId":28012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, P.B. 0000-0002-8575-1705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":103992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034713,"text":"70034713 - 2009 - Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034713","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape","docAbstract":"At the Little River Watershed (LRW) heterogeneous landscape near Tifton Georgia US an in situ network of stations operated by the US Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Lab (USDA-ARS-SEWRL) was established in 2003 for the long term study of climatic and soil biophysical processes. To develop an accurate interpolation of the in situ readings that can be used to produce distributed representations of soil moisture (SM) and energy balances at the landscape scale for remote sensing studies, we studied (1) the temporal and spatial variations of ground temperature (GT) and infra red temperature (IRT) within 30 by 30 m plots around selected network stations; (2) the relationship between the readings from the eight 30 by 30 m plots and the point reading of the network stations for the variables SM, GT and IRT; and (3) the spatial and temporal variation of GT and IRT within agriculture landuses: grass, orchard, peanuts, cotton and bare soil in the surrounding landscape. The results showed high correlations between the station readings and the adjacent 30 by 30 m plot average value for SM; high seasonal independent variation in the GT and IRT behavior among the eight 30 by 30 m plots; and site specific, in-field homogeneity in each 30 by 30 m plot. We found statistical differences in the GT and IRT between the different landuses as well as high correlations between GT and IRT regardless of the landuse. Greater standard deviations for IRT than for GT (in the range of 2-4) were found within the 30 by 30 m, suggesting that when a single point reading for this variable is selected for the validation of either remote sensing data or water-energy models, errors may occur. The results confirmed that in this landscape homogeneous 30 by 30 m plots can be used as landscape spatial units for soil moisture and ground temperature studies. Under this landscape conditions small plots can account for local expressions of environmental processes, decreasing the errors and uncertainties in remote sensing estimates caused by landscape heterogeneity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Giraldo, M., Bosch, D., Madden, M., Usery, L., and Finn, M., 2009, Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape: Journal of Hydrology, v. 368, no. 1-4, p. 214-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010.","startPage":"214","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010"}],"volume":"368","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a8be4b0c8380cd5b26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giraldo, M.A.","contributorId":65591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraldo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bosch, D.","contributorId":83241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, L.","contributorId":76442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, M.","contributorId":45539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}