{"pageNumber":"208","pageRowStart":"5175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16458,"records":[{"id":70037358,"text":"70037358 - 2010 - Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:57:13","indexId":"70037358","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence","docAbstract":"<p>Although livestock operations are known to harbor elevated levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria, few studies have examined the potential of livestock waste lagoons to reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and examine the behavior of tetracycline [tet(O) and tet(W)] and sulfonamide [sul(I) and su/(II)] ARGsin a broad cross-section of livestock lagoons within the same semiarid western watershed. ARGs were monitored for one year in the water and the settled solids of eight lagoon systems by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, antibiotic residues and various bulk water quality constituents were analyzed. It was found that the lagoons of the chicken layer operation had the lowest concentrations of both tet and sul ARGs and low total antibiotic concentrations, whereas su ARGs were highest in the swine lagoons, which generally corresponded to the highest total antibiotic concentrations. A marginal benefit of organic and small dairy operations also was observed compared to conventional and large dairies, respectively. In all lagoons, su ARGs were observed to be generally more recalcitrant than tet ARGs. Also, positive correlations of various bulk water quality constituents were identified with tet ARGs but not sul ARGs. Significant positive correlations were identified between several metals and tet ARGs, but Pearson's correlation coefficients were mostly lower than those determined between antibiotic residues and ARGs. This study represents a quantitative characterization of ARGs in lagoons across a variety of livestock operations and provides insight into potential options for managing antibiotic resistance emanating from agricultural activities.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es9038165","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McKinney, C., Loftin, K.A., Meyer, M.T., Davis, J., and Pruden, A., 2010, Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 16, p. 6102-6109, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9038165.","productDescription":"8p.","startPage":"6102","endPage":"6109","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9038165"}],"volume":"44","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5e5e4b08c986b320d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, C.W.","contributorId":7943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.G.","contributorId":9447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruden, A.","contributorId":11451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037359,"text":"70037359 - 2010 - Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals, nursery and slaughter house, wastewater treatment plant and source water in Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T18:00:07","indexId":"70037359","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals, nursery and slaughter house, wastewater treatment plant and source water in Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sewage samples from 4 hospitals, 1 nursery, 1 slaughter house, 1&nbsp;wastewater treatment plant&nbsp;and 5 source water samples of Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir were analyzed for macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim, fluorouinolone, sulfonamide and tetracycline&nbsp;antibiotics&nbsp;by online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that the concentration of ofloxacin (OFX) in hospital was the highest among all water environments ranged from 1.660&nbsp;μg/L to 4.240&nbsp;μg/L and norfloxacin (NOR, 0.136–1.620&nbsp;μg/L), ciproflaxacin (CIP, ranged from 0.011&nbsp;μg/L to 0.136&nbsp;μg/L), trimethoprim (TMP, 0.061–0.174&nbsp;μg/L) were commonly detected. Removal range of antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plant was 18–100% and the removal ratio of tylosin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were 100%. Relatively higher removal efficiencies were observed for tylosin (TYL), oxytetracycline (OXY) and tetracycline (TET)(100%), while lower removal efficiencies were observed for Trimethoprim (TMP, 1%), Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (EICIC, 18%) and Erythromycin-H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O (ERY-H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, 24%). Antibiotics were removed more efficiently in&nbsp;primary treatment compared with those in&nbsp;secondary treatment.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Chang, X., Meyer, M.T., Liu, X., Zhao, Q., Hao, C., Chen, J., Qiu, Z., Yang, L., Cao, J., and Shu, W., 2010, Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals, nursery and slaughter house, wastewater treatment plant and source water in Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China: Environmental Pollution, v. 158, no. 5, p. 1444-1450, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1444","endPage":"1450","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Chongqing region, Three Gorge Reservoir","volume":"158","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff92e4b0c8380cd4f277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Xiaotian","contributorId":64834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Xiaotian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhao, Q.","contributorId":74985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hao, Chen","contributorId":89306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hao","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, J.-a.","contributorId":27715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.-a.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Qiu, Z.","contributorId":99802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cao, J.","contributorId":64483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shu, W.","contributorId":6290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70037442,"text":"70037442 - 2010 - Mapping of road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge and estimation of chloride load to a small stream in southern New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037442","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge and estimation of chloride load to a small stream in southern New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"Concentrations of chloride in excess of State of New Hampshire water-quality standards (230 mg/l) have been measured in watersheds adjacent to an interstate highway (I-93) in southern New Hampshire. A proposed widening plan for I-93 has raised concerns over further increases in chloride. As part of this effort, road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge was mapped with terrain electrical conductivity (EC) electromagnetic (EM) methods in the fall of 2006 to identify potential sources of chloride during base-flow conditions to a small stream, Policy Brook. Three different EM meters were used to measure different depths below the streambed (ranging from 0 to 3 m). Results from the three meters showed similar patterns and identified several reaches where high EC groundwater may have been discharging. Based on the delineation of high (up to 350 mmhos/m) apparent terrain EC, seven-streambed piezometers were installed to sample shallow groundwater. Locations with high specific conductance in shallow groundwater (up to 2630 mmhos/m) generally matched locations with high streambed (shallow subsurface) terrain EC. A regression equation was used to convert the terrain EC of the streambed to an equivalent chloride concentration in shallow groundwater unique for this site. Utilizing the regression equation and estimates of onedimensional Darcian flow through the streambed, a maximum potential groundwater chloride load was estimated at 188 Mg of chloride per year. Changes in chloride concentration in stream water during streamflow recessions showed a linear response that indicates the dominant process affecting chloride is advective flow of chloride-enriched groundwater discharge. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7645","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Harte, P., and Trowbridge, P., 2010, Mapping of road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge and estimation of chloride load to a small stream in southern New Hampshire, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 24, no. 17, p. 2349-2368, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7645.","startPage":"2349","endPage":"2368","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7645"},{"id":245269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5069e4b0c8380cd6b6a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trowbridge, P.R.","contributorId":11035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trowbridge","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037480,"text":"70037480 - 2010 - An approach to quantify sources, seasonal change, and biogeochemical processes affecting metal loading in streams: Facilitating decisions for remediation of mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:16:02","indexId":"70037480","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach to quantify sources, seasonal change, and biogeochemical processes affecting metal loading in streams: Facilitating decisions for remediation of mine drainage","docAbstract":"Historical mining has left complex problems in catchments throughout the world. Land managers are faced with making cost-effective plans to remediate mine influences. Remediation plans are facilitated by spatial mass-loading profiles that indicate the locations of metal mass-loading, seasonal changes, and the extent of biogeochemical processes. Field-scale experiments during both low- and high-flow conditions and time-series data over diel cycles illustrate how this can be accomplished. A low-flow experiment provided spatially detailed loading profiles to indicate where loading occurred. For example, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2 -</sup> was principally derived from sources upstream from the study reach, but three principal locations also were important for SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2 -</sup> loading within the reach. During high-flow conditions, Lagrangian sampling provided data to interpret seasonal changes and indicated locations where snowmelt runoff flushed metals to the stream. Comparison of metal concentrations between the low- and high-flow experiments indicated substantial increases in metal loading at high flow, but little change in metal concentrations, showing that toxicity at the most downstream sampling site was not substantially greater during snowmelt runoff. During high-flow conditions, a detailed temporal sampling at fixed sites indicated that Zn concentration more than doubled during the diel cycle. Monitoring programs must account for diel variation to provide meaningful results. Mass-loading studies during different flow conditions and detailed time-series over diel cycles provide useful scientific support for stream management decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.005","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R., and Walton-Day, K., 2010, An approach to quantify sources, seasonal change, and biogeochemical processes affecting metal loading in streams: Facilitating decisions for remediation of mine drainage: Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 5, p. 728-740, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.005.","startPage":"728","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.005"},{"id":245042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea0ce4b0c8380cd485d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037519,"text":"70037519 - 2010 - Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70037519","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River","docAbstract":"Large flood events were part of the historical disturbance regime within the lower basin of most large river systems around the world. Large flood events are now rare in the lower basins of most large river systems due to flood control structures. Endemic organisms that are adapted to this historical disturbance regime have become less abundant due to these dramatic changes in the hydrology and the resultant changes in vegetation structure. The Yuma Clapper Rail is a federally endangered bird that breeds in emergent marshes within the lower Colorado River basin in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. We evaluated whether prescribed fire could be used as a surrogate disturbance event to help restore historical conditions for the benefit of Yuma Clapper Rails and four sympatric marsh-dependent birds. We conducted call-broadcast surveys for marsh birds within burned and unburned (control) plots both pre-and post-burn. Fire increased the numbers of Yuma Clapper Rails and Virginia Rails, and did not affect the numbers of Black Rails, Soras, and Least Bitterns. We found no evidence that detection probability of any of the five species differed between burn and control plots. Our results suggest that prescribed fire can be used to set back succession of emergent marshlands and help mimic the natural disturbance regime in the lower Colorado River basin. Hence, prescribed fire can be used to help increase Yuma Clapper Rail populations without adversely affecting sympatric species. Implementing a coordinated long-term fire management plan within marshes of the lower Colorado River may allow regulatory agencies to remove the Yuma Clapper Rail from the endangered species list. ?? 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/09-1624.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., Nadeau, C., and Piest, L., 2010, Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 7, p. 2024-2035, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1624.1.","startPage":"2024","endPage":"2035","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1624.1"},{"id":245890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a103fe4b0c8380cd53bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nadeau, C.P.","contributorId":98426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piest, L.","contributorId":27724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piest","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037539,"text":"70037539 - 2010 - Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037539","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties","docAbstract":"The presence of clays in fault rocks influences both the mechanical and hydrologic properties of clay-bearing faults, and therefore it is critical to understand the origin of clays in fault rocks and their distributions is of great importance for defining fundamental properties of faults in the shallow crust. Field mapping shows that layers of clay gouge and shale smear are common along the Moab Fault, from exposures with throws ranging from 10 to ???1000 m. Elemental analyses of four locations along the Moab Fault show that fault rocks are enriched in clays at R191 and Bartlett Wash, but that this clay enrichment occurred at different times and was associated with different fluids. Fault rocks at Corral and Courthouse Canyons show little difference in elemental composition from adjacent protolith, suggesting that formation of fault rocks at those locations is governed by mechanical processes. Friction tests show that these authigenic clays result in fault zone weakening, and potentially influence the style of failure along the fault (seismogenic vs. aseismic) and potentially influence the amount of fluid loss associated with coseismic dilation. Scanning electron microscopy shows that authigenesis promotes that continuity of slip surfaces, thereby enhancing seal capacity. The occurrence of the authigenesis, and its influence on the sealing properties of faults, highlights the importance of determining the processes that control this phenomenon. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Solum, J., Davatzes, N., and Lockner, D., 2010, Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 32, no. 12, p. 1899-1911, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1911","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218059,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009"},{"id":246039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f20e4b0c8380cd537a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solum, J.G.","contributorId":79280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solum","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davatzes, N.C.","contributorId":59219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davatzes","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037696,"text":"70037696 - 2010 - Development of a new toxic-unit model for the bioassessment of metals in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T17:03:54","indexId":"70037696","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a new toxic-unit model for the bioassessment of metals in streams","docAbstract":"Two toxic-unit models that estimate the toxicity of trace-metal mixtures to benthic communities were compared. The chronic criterion accumulation ratio (CCAR), a modification of biotic ligand model (BLM) outputs for use as a toxic-unit model, accounts for the modifying and competitive influences of major cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, H<sup>+</sup>), anions (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>,SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, S<sup>2−</sup>) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in determining the free metal ion available for accumulation on the biotic ligand. The cumulative criterion unit (CCU) model, an empirical statistical model of trace-metal toxicity, considers only the ameliorative properties of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> (hardness) in determining the toxicity of total dissolved trace metals. Differences in the contribution of a metal (e.g., Cu, Cd, Zn) to toxic units as determined by CCAR or CCU were observed and attributed to how each model incorporates the influences of DOC, pH, and alkalinity. Akaike information criteria demonstrate that CCAR is an improved predictor of benthic macroinvertebrate community metrics as compared with CCU. Piecewise models depict great declines (thresholds) in benthic macroinvertebrate communities at CCAR of 1 or more, while negative changes in benthic communities were detected at a CCAR of less than 1. We observed a 7% reduction in total taxa richness and a 43% decrease in Heptageniid abundance between background (CCAR = 0.1) and the threshold of chronic toxicity on the basis of continuous chronic criteria (CCAR = 1). In this first application of the BLM as a toxic-unit model, we found it superior to CCU.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.302","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Clements, W., Mitchell, K., Church, S.E., Wanty, R.B., Fey, D.L., Verplanck, P.L., and San Juan, C.A., 2010, Development of a new toxic-unit model for the bioassessment of metals in streams: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 11, p. 2432-2442, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.302.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2432","endPage":"2442","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475786,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.302"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003fe4b0c8380cd4f67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clements, W.H.","contributorId":78855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, K.A.","contributorId":38825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Church, Stanley E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":199165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stanley","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"San Juan, Carma A. 0000-0002-9151-1919 csanjuan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":1146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","email":"csanjuan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037658,"text":"70037658 - 2010 - Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water - A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:59:21","indexId":"70037658","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water - A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","docAbstract":"<p><span>Transformations of phosphate (Pi) in different soil fractions were tracked using the stable isotopic composition of oxygen in phosphate (</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>p</sub><span>) and Pi concentrations. Clay soil from Israel was treated with either reclaimed waste water (secondary, low grade) or with fresh water amended with a chemical fertilizer of a known isotopic signature. Changes of&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>p</sub><span>and Pi within different soil fractions, during a month of incubation, elucidate biogeochemical processes in the soil, revealing the biological and the chemical transformation impacting the various P pools. P in the soil solution is affected primarily by enzymatic activity that yields isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. The dissolved P interacts rapidly with the loosely bound P (extracted by bicarbonate). The oxides and mineral P fractions (extracted by NaOH and HCl, respectively), which are considered as relatively stable pools of P, also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to the activity of microbial populations associated with soil surfaces. Specifically, isotopic depletion which could result from organic P mineralization was followed by isotopic enrichment which could result from preferential biological uptake of depleted P from the mineralized pool. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with reclaimed waste water compared to the fertilizer treated soil.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.002","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Zohar, I., Shaviv, A., Young, M., Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., and Paytan, A., 2010, Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water - A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate: Geoderma, v. 159, no. 1-2, p. 109-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.002"},{"id":245951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78b7e4b0c8380cd78774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zohar, I.","contributorId":73858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohar","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaviv, A.","contributorId":19413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaviv","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, M.","contributorId":57428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037641,"text":"70037641 - 2010 - Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037641","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1198,"text":"Catena","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts","docAbstract":"We compared short-term effects of lug-soled boot trampling disturbance on water infiltration and soil erodibility on coarse-textured soils covered by a mixture of fine gravel and coarse sand over weak cyanobacterially-dominated biological soil crusts. Trampling significantly reduced final infiltration rate and total infiltration and increased sediment generation from small (0.5m2) rainfall simulation plots (p&lt;0.01). Trampling had no effect on time to runoff or time to peak runoff. Trampling had similar effects at sites with both low and very low levels of cyanobacterial biomass, as indicated by chlorophyll a concentrations. We concluded that trampling effects are relatively independent of differences in the relatively low levels of cyanobacterial biomass in this environment. Instead, trampling appears to reduce infiltration by significantly reducing the cover of gravel and coarse sand on the soil surface, facilitating the development of a physical crust during rainfall events. The results of this study underscore the importance of carefully characterizing both soil physical and biological properties to understand how disturbance affects ecosystem processes. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catena","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007","issn":"03418162","usgsCitation":"Herrick, J.E., Van Zee, J.W., Belnap, J., Johansen, J., and Remmenga, M., 2010, Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts: Catena, v. 83, no. 2-3, p. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218091,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a101fe4b0c8380cd53b28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrick, J. E.","contributorId":84709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Zee, J. W.","contributorId":61012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Zee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johansen, J.R.","contributorId":25773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johansen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Remmenga, M.","contributorId":13846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remmenga","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037566,"text":"70037566 - 2010 - Future dryness in the Southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70037566","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future dryness in the Southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought","docAbstract":"Recently the Southwest has experienced a spate of dryness, which presents a challenge to the sustainability of current water use by human and natural systems in the region. In the Colorado River Basin, the early 21st century drought has been the most extreme in over a century of Colorado River flows, and might occur in any given century with probability of only 60%. However, hydrological model runs from downscaled Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment climate change simulations suggest that the region is likely to become drier and experience more severe droughts than this. In the latter half of the 21st century the models produced considerably greater drought activity, particularly in the Colorado River Basin, as judged from soil moisture anomalies and other hydrological measures. As in the historical record, most of the simulated extreme droughts build up and persist over many years. Durations of depleted soil moisture over the historical record ranged from 4 to 10 years, but in the 21st century simulations, some of the dry events persisted for 12 years or more. Summers during the observed early 21st century drought were remarkably warm, a feature also evident in many simulated droughts of the 21st century. These severe future droughts are aggravated by enhanced, globally warmed temperatures that reduce spring snowpack and late spring and summer soil moisture. As the climate continues to warm and soil moisture deficits accumulate beyond historical levels, the model simulations suggest that sustaining water supplies in parts of the Southwest will be a challenge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0912391107","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Das, T., Pierce, D., Barnett, T., Tyree, M., and Gershunova, A., 2010, Future dryness in the Southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 107, no. 50, p. 21271-21276, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912391107.","startPage":"21271","endPage":"21276","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475782,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3003012","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912391107"},{"id":245963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1431e4b0c8380cd5494c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tyree, Mary","contributorId":85414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyree","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gershunova, A.","contributorId":35993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gershunova","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70180384,"text":"70180384 - 2010 - Mercury dynamics in relation to dissolved organic carbon concentration and quality during high flow events in three northeastern U.S. streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T08:31:33","indexId":"70180384","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury dynamics in relation to dissolved organic carbon concentration and quality during high flow events in three northeastern U.S. streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mercury (Hg) contamination is widespread in remote areas of the northeastern United States. Forested uplands have accumulated a large reservoir of Hg in soil from decades of elevated anthropogenic deposition that can be released episodically to stream water during high flows. The objective of this study was to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in stream water Hg species and organic matter fractions over a range of hydrologic conditions in three forested upland watersheds (United States). Mercury and organic matter concentrations increased with discharge at all three sites; however, the partitioning of Hg fractions (dissolved versus particulate) differed among sites and seasons. Associated with increased discharge, flow paths shifted from mineral soil under base flow to upper soil horizons. As flow paths shifted, greater concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) richer in aromatic substances were flushed from upper soil horizons to stream water. The hydrophobic organic matter associated with humic material from upper soils appears to have had a greater capacity to bind Hg. Because of the strong correlation between Hg and DOC, we hypothesize that there was a concurrent shift in the source of Hg with DOC from lower mineral soil to upper soil horizons. Our study suggests that stream discharge is an effective predictor of dissolved total Hg flux.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008351","usgsCitation":"Dittman, J.A., Shanley, J.B., Driscoll, C.T., Aiken, G.R., Chalmers, A.T., Towse, J.E., and Selvendiran, P., 2010, Mercury dynamics in relation to dissolved organic carbon concentration and quality during high flow events in three northeastern U.S. streams: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 7, W07522; 15 p. , https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008351.","productDescription":"W07522; 15 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-018969","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef3e4b072a7ac0cad47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dittman, Jason A.","contributorId":178890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dittman","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, Charles T.","contributorId":167460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Towse, Janet E.","contributorId":178889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towse","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Selvendiran, Pranesh","contributorId":178891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selvendiran","given":"Pranesh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189196,"text":"70189196 - 2010 - Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T09:51:49","indexId":"70189196","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media","title":"Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to gain more information about the fate of&nbsp;</span><i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>oocysts in tropical volcanic soils, the transport and attachment behaviors of oocysts and oocyst-sized polystyrene microspheres were studied in the presence of two soils. These soils were chosen because of their differing chemical and physical properties, i.e., an organic-rich (43–46% by mass) volcanic ash-derived soil from the island of Hawaii, and a red, iron (22–29% by mass), aluminum (29–45% by mass), and clay-rich (68–76% by mass) volcanic soil from the island of Oahu. A third agricultural soil, an organic- (13% by mass) and quartz-rich (40% by mass) soil from Illinois, was included for reference. In 10-cm long flow-through columns, oocysts and microspheres advecting through the red volcanic soil were almost completely (98% and 99%) immobilized. The modest breakthrough resulted from preferential flow-path structure inadvertently created by soil-particle aggregation during the re-wetting process. Although a high (99%) removal of oocysts and microsphere within the volcanic ash soil occurred initially, further examination revealed that transport was merely retarded because of highly reversible interactions with grain surfaces. Judging from the slope of the substantive and protracted tail of the breakthrough curve for the 1.8-μm microspheres, almost all (&gt;99%) predictably would be recovered within ∼4000 pore volumes. This suggests that once contaminated, the volcanic ash soil could serve as a reservoir for subsequent contamination of groundwater, at least for pathogens of similar size or smaller. Because of the highly reversible nature of organic colloid immobilization in this soil type,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C. parvum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>could contaminate surface water should overland flow during heavy precipitation events pick up near-surface grains to which they are attached. Surprisingly, oocyst and microsphere attachment to the reference soil from Illinois appeared to be at least as sensitive to changes in pH as was observed for the red, metal-oxide rich soil from Oahu. In contrast, colloidal attachment in the organic-rich, volcanic ash soil was relatively insensitive to changes in pH in spite of the high iron content. Given the fundamental differences in transport behavior of oocyst-sized colloids within the two volcanic soils of similar origin, agricultural practices modified to lessen<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C. parvum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>contamination of ground or surface water would necessitate taking the individual soil properties into account.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.015","usgsCitation":"Mohanram, A., Ray, C., Harvey, R.W., Metge, D.W., Ryan, J.N., Chorover, J., and Eberl, D.D., 2010, Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media: Water Research, v. 44, no. 18, p. 5334-5344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5334","endPage":"5344","ipdsId":"IP-014207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfab9e4b0d1f9f056a7c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mohanram, Arvind","contributorId":194201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohanram","given":"Arvind","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, Chittaranjan","contributorId":194209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Chittaranjan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chorover, Jon 0000-0001-9497-0195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-0195","contributorId":139472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chorover","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70180383,"text":"70180383 - 2010 - Comparison of XAD with other dissolved lignin isolation techniques and a compilation of analytical improvements for the analysis of lignin in aquatic settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-17T14:45:27.775028","indexId":"70180383","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of XAD with other dissolved lignin isolation techniques and a compilation of analytical improvements for the analysis of lignin in aquatic settings","docAbstract":"<p><span>This manuscript highlights numerous incremental improvements in dissolved lignin measurements over the nearly three decades since CuO oxidation of lignin phenols was first adapted for environmental samples. Intercomparison of the recovery efficiency of three common lignin phenol concentration and isolation techniques, namely XAD, C</span><sub>18</sub><span>with both CH</span><sub>3</sub><span>OH (C</span><sub>18</sub><span>M) and CH</span><sub>3</sub><span>CN (C</span><sub>18</sub><span>A) used independently for priming and elution steps, and tangential flow filtration (TFF) for a range of aquatic samples including fresh, estuarine and marine waters, was undertaken. With freshwater samples XAD8-1, C</span><sub>18</sub><span>M and TFF were all observed to recover ca. 80–90% of the lignin phenols and showed no fractionation effects with respect to diagnostic lignin parameters. With estuarine and marine samples more lignin phenols were recovered with C</span><sub>18</sub><span>M and XAD8-1 than TFF because of the increased prevalence of low molecular weight lignin phenols in marine influenced samples. For marine systems, differences were also observed between diagnostic lignin parameters isolated via TFF vs. C</span><sub>18</sub><span>M and XAD8-1 as a result of the high molecular weight lignin phenols being less degraded than the bulk. Therefore, it is recommended for future studies of marine systems that only one technique is utilized for ease of intercomparison within studies. It is suggested that for studies solely aimed at recovering bulk dissolved lignin in marine environments that C</span><sub>18</sub><span>M and XAD8-1 appear to be more suitable than TFF as they recover more lignin. Our results highlight that, for freshwater samples, all three common lignin phenol concentration and isolation techniques are comparable to whole water concentrated by rotary evaporation (i.e. not isolated) but, that for marine systems, the choice of concentration and isolation techniques needs to be taken into consideration with respect to both lignin concentration and diagnostic parameters. Finally, as the study highlights XAD8-1 to be a suitable method for the isolation of dissolved lignin phenols from aquatic systems (statistically indistinguishable from C</span><sub>18</sub><span>M, </span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.1), lignin data representative of whole waters can be produced for IHSS reference materials or other XAD sample archives.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.02.004","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R., Aiken, G.R., Dyda, R.Y., Butler, K.D., Bergamaschi, B.A., and Hernes, P.J., 2010, Comparison of XAD with other dissolved lignin isolation techniques and a compilation of analytical improvements for the analysis of lignin in aquatic settings: Organic Geochemistry, v. 41, no. 5, p. 445-453, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.02.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"453","ipdsId":"IP-019043","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef3e4b072a7ac0cad49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":139731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyda, Rachael Y.","contributorId":33966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyda","given":"Rachael","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. 0000-0001-9604-4603 kebutler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4603","contributorId":178885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hernes, Peter J.","contributorId":85311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70192559,"text":"70192559 - 2010 - Coupled hydrology and biogeochemistry of Paleocene–Eocene coal beds, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:47:23","indexId":"70192559","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled hydrology and biogeochemistry of Paleocene–Eocene coal beds, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thirty-six formation waters, gas, and microbial samples were collected and analyzed from natural gas and oil wells producing from the Paleocene to Eocene Wilcox Group coal beds and adjacent sandstones in north-central Louisiana, USA, to investigate the role hydrology plays on the generation and distribution of microbial methane. Major ion chemistry and Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span>Br relations of Wilcox Group formation waters suggest mixing of freshwater with halite-derived brines. High alkalinities (up to 47.8 meq/L), no detectable SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and elevated δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (up to 20.5‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite [VPDB]) and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(up to 17.67‰ VPDB) in the Wilcox Group coals and adjacent sandstones indicate the dominance of microbial methanogenesis. The δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C and δD values of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and carbon isotope fractionation of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, suggest CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>reduction is the major methanogenic pathway. Geochemical indicators for methanogenesis drop off significantly at chloride concentrations above ∼1.7 mol/L, suggesting that high salinities inhibit microbial activity at depths greater than ∼1.6 km. Formation waters in the Wilcox Group contain up to 1.6% modern carbon (A</span><sup>14</sup><span>C) to at least 1690 m depth; the covariance of δD values of co-produced H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>indicate that the microbial methane was generated in situ with these Late Pleistocene or younger waters. The most enriched carbon isotope values for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and highest alkalinities, were detected in Wilcox Group sandstone reservoirs that were CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>flooded in the 1980s for enhanced oil recovery, leading to the intriguing hypothesis that CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>sequestration may actually enhance methanogenesis in organic-rich formations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30039.1","usgsCitation":"McIntosh, J.C., Warwick, P.D., Martini, A.M., and Osborn, S.G., 2010, Coupled hydrology and biogeochemistry of Paleocene–Eocene coal beds, northern Gulf of Mexico: GSA Bulletin, v. 122, no. 7-8, p. 1248-1264, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30039.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1248","endPage":"1264","ipdsId":"IP-012265","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.031982421875,\n              31.015278981711266\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.307861328125,\n              31.015278981711266\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.307861328125,\n              33.02708758002874\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.031982421875,\n              33.02708758002874\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.031982421875,\n              31.015278981711266\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"7-8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f62ee4b09af898c8cdf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntosh, Jennifer C. 0000-0001-5055-4202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-4202","contributorId":150557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, Anna M.","contributorId":192675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martini","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35249,"text":"Department of Geology, Amherst College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osborn, Stephen G.","contributorId":198479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborn","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189916,"text":"70189916 - 2010 - Modeling methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189916,"text":"70189916 - 2010 - Modeling methods","indexId":"70189916","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Modeling methods"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:31:35.616126","indexId":"70189916","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Modeling methods","docAbstract":"<p>Simulation models are widely used in all types of hydrologic studies, and many of these models can be used to estimate recharge. Models can provide important insight into the functioning of hydrologic systems by identifying factors that influence recharge. The predictive capability of models can be used to evaluate how changes in climate, water use, land use, and other factors may affect recharge rates. Most hydrological simulation models, including watershed models and groundwater-flow models, are based on some form of water-budget equation, so the material in this chapter is closely linked to that in Chapter 2. Empirical models that are not based on a water-budget equation have also been used for estimating recharge; these models generally take the form of simple estimation equations that define annual recharge as a function of precipitation and possibly other climatic data or watershed characteristics.</p><p>Model complexity varies greatly. Some models are simple accounting models; others attempt to accurately represent the physics of water movement through each compartment of the hydrologic system. Some models provide estimates of recharge explicitly; for example, a model based on the Richards equation can simulate water movement from the soil surface through the unsaturated zone to the water table. Recharge estimates can be obtained indirectly from other models. For example, recharge is a parameter in groundwater-flow models that solve for hydraulic head (i.e. groundwater level). Recharge estimates can be obtained through a model calibration process in which recharge and other model parameter values are adjusted so that simulated water levels agree with measured water levels. The simulation that provides the closest agreement is called the best fit, and the recharge value used in that simulation is the model-generated estimate of recharge.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating groundwater recharge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745.004","isbn":"9780511780745","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2010, Modeling methods, chap. 3 <i>of</i> Estimating groundwater recharge, p. 43-73, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.004.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-017222","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bde4b038630d022120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180381,"text":"70180381 - 2010 - Source water controls on the character and origin of dissolved organic matter in streams of the Yukon River basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T08:32:59","indexId":"70180381","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source water controls on the character and origin of dissolved organic matter in streams of the Yukon River basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"Climate warming and permafrost degradation at high latitudes will likely impact watershed hydrology, and consequently, alter the concentration and character of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in northern rivers. We examined seasonal variation of DOC chemistry in 16 streams of the Yukon River basin, Alaska. Our primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between source water (shallow versus deep groundwater flow paths) and DOC chemical composition. Using base cation chemistry and principal component analysis, we observed high contributions of deep groundwater to glacial and clearwater streams, whereas blackwater streams received larger contributions from shallow groundwater sources. DOC concentration and specific ultraviolet absorbance peaked during spring snowmelt in all streams, and were consistently higher in blackwater streams than in glacial and clearwater streams. The hydrophobic acid fraction of DOC dominated across all streams and seasons, comprising between 35% and 56% of total DOC. The hydrophilic acid fraction of DOC was more prominent in glacial (23% ± 3%) and clearwater streams (19% ± 1%) than in blackwater streams (16% ± 1%), and was enriched during winter base flow (29% ± 1%) relative to snowmelt and summer base flow. We observed that an increase in the contribution of deep groundwater to streamflow resulted in decreased DOC concentration, aromaticity, and DOC-to-dissolved organic nitrogen ratio, and an increase in the proportion of hydrophilic acids relative to hydrophobic acids. Our findings suggest that future permafrost degradation and higher contributions of groundwater to streamflow may result in a higher fraction of labile DOM in streams of the Yukon basin.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2009JG001153","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Aiken, G.R., Kane, E.S., and Jones, J.B., 2010, Source water controls on the character and origin of dissolved organic matter in streams of the Yukon River basin, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 115, no. G3, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001153.","productDescription":"G03025; 12 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-021241","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jg001153","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"G3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef4e4b072a7ac0cad4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kane, Evan S.","contributorId":11903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Jeremy B.","contributorId":113650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046732,"text":"dds49110 - 2010 - Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Hydrologic Landscape Regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-25T16:08:33","indexId":"dds49110","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"491-10","title":"Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Hydrologic Landscape Regions","docAbstract":"This tabular data set represents the area of Hydrologic Landscape Regions (HLR) compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of the Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set is a 100-meter version of Hydrologic Landscape Regions of the United States (Wolock, 2003). HLR groups watersheds on the basis of similarities in land-surface form, geologic texture, and climate characteristics. The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dds49110","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, M., and LaMotte, A.E., 2010, Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Hydrologic Landscape Regions: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 491-10, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds49110.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274341,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mrb_e2rf1_hlr.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.910792,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,23.243486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e2e4b0ca18483389e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael mewieczo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156906,"text":"70156906 - 2010 - Water-budget methods","indexId":"70156906","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Water-budget methods"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70189916,"text":"70189916 - 2010 - Modeling methods","indexId":"70189916","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Modeling methods"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70189917,"text":"70189917 - 2010 - Heat tracer methods","indexId":"70189917","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"8","title":"Heat tracer methods"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:33:28.485087","indexId":"70189200","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding groundwater recharge is essential for successful management of water resources and modeling fluid and contaminant transport within the subsurface. This book provides a critical evaluation of the theory and assumptions that underlie methods for estimating rates of groundwater recharge. Detailed explanations of the methods are provided - allowing readers to apply many of the techniques themselves without needing to consult additional references. Numerous practical examples highlight benefits and limitations of each method. Approximately 900 references allow advanced practitioners to pursue additional information on any method. For the first time, theoretical and practical considerations for selecting and applying methods for estimating groundwater recharge are covered in a single volume with uniform presentation. Hydrogeologists, water-resource specialists, civil and agricultural engineers, earth and environmental scientists and agronomists will benefit from this informative and practical book. It can serve as the primary text for a graduate-level course on groundwater recharge or as an adjunct text for courses on groundwater hydrology or hydrogeology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2010, Estimating groundwater recharge, 256 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.","productDescription":"256 p.","ipdsId":"IP-017602","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c48e4b0d1f9f057e38f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046763,"text":"dds49126 - 2010 - Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: STATSGO Soil Characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-25T16:06:02","indexId":"dds49126","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"491-26","title":"Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: STATSGO Soil Characteristics","docAbstract":"This tabular data set represents estimated soil variables compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of selected Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The variables included are cation exchange capacity, percent calcium carbonate, slope, water-table depth, soil thickness, hydrologic soil group, soil erodibility (k-factor), permeability, average water capacity, bulk density, percent organic material, percent clay, percent sand, and percent silt. The source data set is the State Soil ( STATSGO ) Geographic Database (Wolock, 1997). The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dds49126","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, M., and LaMotte, A.E., 2010, Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: STATSGO Soil Characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 491-26, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds49126.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274427,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mrb_e2rf1_statsgo.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.910792,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,23.243486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d3f663e4b09630fbdc527d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael mewieczo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70146201,"text":"70146201 - 2010 - Predictive modeling of transient storage and nutrient uptake: Implications for stream restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:30:51","indexId":"70146201","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive modeling of transient storage and nutrient uptake: Implications for stream restoration","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study examined two key aspects of reactive transport modeling for stream restoration purposes: the accuracy of the nutrient spiraling and transient storage models for quantifying reach-scale nutrient uptake, and the ability to quantify transport parameters using measurements and scaling techniques in order to improve upon traditional conservative tracer fitting methods. Nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup><span>) uptake rates inferred using the nutrient spiraling model underestimated the total NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup><span>&nbsp;mass loss by 82%, which was attributed to the exclusion of dispersion and transient storage. The transient storage model was more accurate with respect to the NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup><span>&nbsp;mass loss (&plusmn;20%) and also demonstrated that uptake in the main channel was more significant than in storage zones. Conservative tracer fitting was unable to produce transport parameter estimates for a riffle-pool transition of the study reach, while forward modeling of solute transport using measured/scaled transport parameters matched conservative tracer breakthrough curves for all reaches. Additionally, solute exchange between the main channel and embayment surface storage zones was quantified using first-order theory. 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,{"id":70189917,"text":"70189917 - 2010 - Heat tracer methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189917,"text":"70189917 - 2010 - Heat tracer methods","indexId":"70189917","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"8","title":"Heat tracer methods"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:30:26.056794","indexId":"70189917","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Heat tracer methods","docAbstract":"<p>The flow of heat in the subsurface is closely linked to the movement of water (Ingebritsen <span class=\"italic\">et al</span>., 2006). As such, heat has been used as a tracer in groundwater studies for more than 100 years (Anderson, 2005). As with chemical and isotopic tracers (Chapter 7), spatial or temporal trends in surface and subsurface temperatures can be used to infer rates of water movement. Temperature can be measured accurately, economically, at high frequencies, and without the need to obtain water samples, facts that make heat an attractive tracer. Temperature measurements made over space and time can be used to infer rates of recharge from a stream or other surface water body (Lapham, 1989; Stonestrom and Constantz, 2003); measurements can also be used to estimate rates of steady drainage through depth intervals within thick unsaturated zones (Constantz <span class=\"italic\">et al</span>., 2003; Shan and Bodvarsson, 2004). Several thorough reviews of heat as a tracer in hydrologic studies have recently been published (Constantz <span class=\"italic\">et al</span>., 2003; Stonestrom and Constantz, 2003; Anderson, 2005; Blasch <span class=\"italic\">et al</span>., 2007; Constantz <span class=\"italic\">et al</span>., 2008). This chapter summarizes heat-tracer approaches that have been used to estimate recharge.</p><p>Some clarification in terminology is presented here to avoid confusion in descriptions of the various approaches that follow. <span class=\"italic\">Diffuse recharge</span> is that which occurs more or less uniformly across large areas in response to precipitation, infiltration, and drainage through the unsaturated zone. Estimates of diffuse recharge determined using measured temperatures in the unsaturated zone are referred to as <span class=\"italic\">potential recharge</span> because it is possible that not all of the water moving through the unsaturated zone will recharge the aquifer; some may be lost to the atmosphere by evaporation or plant transpiration. Estimated fluxes across confining units in the saturated zone are referred to as <span class=\"italic\">interaquifer flow</span> (Chapter 1). <span class=\"italic\">Focused recharge</span> is that which occurs directly from a point or line source, such as a stream, on land surface. Focused recharge may vary widely in space and time. If the water table intersects a stream channel, estimates of stream loss are called actual recharge, or just recharge. If the water table lies below the stream channel, estimates are referred to as potential recharge. For simplicity, all vertical water fluxes are referred to as <span class=\"italic\">drainage</span> throughout this chapter. Whether the estimated quantity represents actual or potential recharge or drainage depends on the circumstances of each individual study.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating groundwater recharge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745.009","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2010, Heat tracer methods, chap. 8 <i>of</i> Estimating groundwater recharge, p. 166-179, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.009.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"179","ipdsId":"IP-012662","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bde4b038630d02211c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70272978,"text":"70272978 - 2010 - Tamarisk biocontrol in the western United States: Ecological and societal implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T16:40:15.857219","indexId":"70272978","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-04T10:31:08","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tamarisk biocontrol in the western United States: Ecological and societal implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tamarisk species (genus Tamarix), also commonly known as saltcedar, are among the most successful plant invaders in the western United States. At the same time, tamarisk has been cited as having enormous economic costs. Accordingly, local, state, and federal agencies have undertaken considerable efforts to eradicate this invasive plant and restore riparian habitats to pre-invasion status. Traditional eradication methods, including herbicide treatments, are now considered undesirable, because they are costly and often have unintended negative impacts on native species. A new biological control agent, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata), has been released along many watersheds in the western US, to reduce the extent of tamarisk cover in riparian areas. However, the use of this insect as a biological control agent may have unintended ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic consequences that need to be anticipated by land managers and stakeholders undertaking restoration efforts. Here, we examine the possible ramifications of tamarisk control and offer recommendations to reduce potential negative impacts on valued riparian systems in the western US.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/090031","usgsCitation":"Hultine, K., Belnap, J., van Riper, C., Ehleringer, J.R., Dennison, P.E., Lee, M.E., Nagler, P., Snyder, K.A., Uselman, S.M., and West, J.B., 2010, Tamarisk biocontrol in the western United States: Ecological and societal implications: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 8, no. 9, p. 467-474, https://doi.org/10.1890/090031.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"474","ipdsId":"IP-011143","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"8","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hultine, Kevin","contributorId":363779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":86735,"text":"Department of Biology, U of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne","contributorId":363776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":951965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":951967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ehleringer, James R","contributorId":363780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"James","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":86735,"text":"Department of Biology, U of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dennison, Philip E.","contributorId":363781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dennison","given":"Philip","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":86736,"text":"Dept.of Geolgraphy, U of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Martha E.","contributorId":363782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Martha","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":86737,"text":"School of Forestry, NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":363777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":951966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snyder, Keirith A.","contributorId":363783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Keirith","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":86738,"text":"USDA, Ag Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Uselman, Shauna M.","contributorId":261618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uselman","given":"Shauna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":52928,"text":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"West, Jason B.","contributorId":221019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70200499,"text":"70200499 - 2010 - Mercury contamination in three species of anuran amphibians from the Cache Creek watershed, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:40:20","indexId":"70200499","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-08T09:58:07","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury contamination in three species of anuran amphibians from the Cache Creek watershed, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fish and wildlife may bioaccumulate mercury (Hg) to levels that adversely affect reproduction, growth, and survival. Sources of Hg within the Cache Creek Watershed in northern California have been identified, and concentrations of Hg in invertebrates and fish have been documented. However, bioaccumulation of Hg by amphibians has not been evaluated. In this study, adult and juvenile American bullfrogs (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Lithobates catesbeianus</i><span>) and foothill yellow-legged frogs (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Rana boylii</i><span>), adult Northern Pacific treefrogs (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Pseudacris regilla</i><span>), and larval bullfrogs were collected and analyzed for total Hg. One or more species of amphibians from 40% of the 35 sites had mean Hg concentrations greater than the US Environmental Protection Agency’s tissue residue criterion for fish (0.3&nbsp;μg/g). Of the bullfrog tissues analyzed, the liver had the highest concentrations of both total Hg and methyl mercury. Total Hg in carcasses of bullfrogs was highly correlated with total Hg in leg muscle, the tissue most often consumed by humans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-009-0847-3","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Jennings, M.R., and Crayon, J.J., 2010, Mercury contamination in three species of anuran amphibians from the Cache Creek watershed, California, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 163, no. 1-4, p. 433-448, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0847-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"448","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cache Creek Watershed","volume":"163","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c9bde4b034bf6a7f72a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Mark R.","contributorId":31345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crayon, John J.","contributorId":174935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crayon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171013,"text":"70171013 - 2010 - Monitoring and characterizing natural hazards with satellite InSAR imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T16:39:36.991136","indexId":"70171013","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5089,"text":"Annals of GIS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring and characterizing natural hazards with satellite InSAR imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) provides an all-weather imaging capability for measuring ground-surface deformation and inferring changes in land surface characteristics. InSAR enables scientists to monitor and characterize hazards posed by volcanic, seismic, and hydrogeologic processes, by landslides and wildfires, and by human activities such as mining and fluid extraction or injection. Measuring how a volcano's surface deforms before, during, and after eruptions provides essential information about magma dynamics and a basis for mitigating volcanic hazards. Measuring spatial and temporal patterns of surface deformation in seismically active regions is extraordinarily useful for understanding rupture dynamics and estimating seismic risks. Measuring how landslides develop and activate is a prerequisite to minimizing associated hazards. Mapping surface subsidence or uplift related to extraction or injection of fluids during exploitation of groundwater aquifers or petroleum reservoirs provides fundamental data on aquifer or reservoir properties and improves our ability to mitigate undesired consequences. Monitoring dynamic water-level changes in wetlands improves hydrological modeling predictions and the assessment of future flood impacts. In addition, InSAR imagery can provide near-real-time estimates of fire scar extents and fire severity for wildfire management and control. All-weather satellite radar imagery is critical for studying various natural processes and is playing an increasingly important role in understanding and forecasting natural hazards.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/19475681003700914","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., and Dzurisin, D., 2010, Monitoring and characterizing natural hazards with satellite InSAR imagery: Annals of GIS, v. 16, no. 1, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475681003700914.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475681003700914","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913dae4b07657d19ff1b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":629537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Jixian","contributorId":36396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jixian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Yonghong","contributorId":82563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yonghong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70007521,"text":"70007521 - 2009 - Contributions of nitrogen to the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary: Updated loading estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:32:31","indexId":"70007521","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-14T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Contributions of nitrogen to the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary: Updated loading estimates","docAbstract":"<p>Based on the most recent and most accurate data available through 2008, the total load of nitrogen to the Barnegat Bay‐Little Egg Harbor (BB‐LEH) estuary from the most substantial sources (surface water, including surface‐water discharge and direct storm runoff; ground‐water discharge; and atmospheric deposition) is estimated to be 650,000 kilograms of nitrogen per year (kg N/yr). Surface water contributes 66 percent (431,000 kg N/yr), direct ground‐ water discharge accounts for 12 percent (78,000 kg N/yr), and atmospheric deposition accounts for 22 percent (141,000 kg N/yr). This new loading estimate was compared to a previously published estimate produced by using similar methodology but less current data through 1997. Findings of the present study include a substantially lower estimate of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the estuary compared to the previous estimate. The study results also offer further support of the relation between land use and nitrogen levels, and indicate that the Toms and Metedeconk River basins account for more than 60 percent of the nitrogen load to the estuary from surface‐water discharge. Differences between the two estimates can be attributed to both the use of more accurate and more recent data in the revised estimate, and actual changes in the magnitude of nitrogen loads from various sources. Gaps in available water‐quality and hydrologic data are documented, and additional analysis and monitoring that may improve the reliability of future nitrogen loading estimates are presented.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Barnegat Bay Partnership State of the Bay Technical Report","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Barnegat Bay National Estuary Program","usgsCitation":"Wieben, C.M., and Baker, R.J., 2009, Contributions of nitrogen to the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary: Updated loading estimates, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017449","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bbp.ocean.edu/pages/184.asp"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay‐Little Egg Harbor estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.014892578125,\n              40.14318974292438\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.04510498046875,\n              40.03392360399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.07257080078125,\n              39.87812720644829\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.0863037109375,\n              39.74521015328692\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.15496826171874,\n              39.65011210186371\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.22088623046875,\n              39.5633531658293\n            ],\n            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