The shallow seismic velocity structure of the Kunlun fault zone (KLFZ) was jointly deduced from seismic refraction profiling and the records of trapped waves that were excited by five explosions. The data were collected after the 2001 Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Seismic phases for the in-line record sections (26 records up to a distance of 15 km) along the fault zone were analysed, and 1-D P- and S-wave velocity models of shallow crust within the fault zone were determined by using the seismic refraction method. Sixteen seismic stations were deployed along the off-line profile perpendicular to the fault zone. Fault-zone trapped waves appear clearly on the record sections, which were simulated with a 3-D finite difference algorithm. Quantitative analysis of the correlation coefficients of the synthetic and observed trapped waveforms indicates that the Kunlun fault-zone width is 300 m, and S-wave quality factor Q within the fault zone is 15. Significantly, S-wave velocities within the fault zone are reduced by 30–45 per cent from surrounding rocks to a depth of at least 1–2 km, while P-wave velocities are reduced by 7–20 per cent. A fault-zone with such P- and S-low velocities is an indication of high fluid pressure because Vs is affected more than Vp. The low-velocity and low-Q zone in the KLFZ model is the effect of multiple ruptures along the fault trace of the 2001 Ms8.1 Kunlun earthquake.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04049.x","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Wang, C., Mooney, W.D., Ding, Z., Yang, J., Yao, Z., and Lou, H., 2009, Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake: Geophysical Journal International, v. 177, no. 3, p. 978-1000, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04049.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"978","endPage":"1000","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04049.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 79.716796875,\n 27.293689224852407\n ],\n [\n 109.8193359375,\n 27.293689224852407\n ],\n [\n 109.8193359375,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n 79.716796875,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n 79.716796875,\n 27.293689224852407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"177","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e38e4b08c986b3187d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Chun-Yong","contributorId":98893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Chun-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ding, Z.","contributorId":51045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, J.","contributorId":60780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yao, Z.","contributorId":64057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lou, H.","contributorId":13009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lou","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034807,"text":"70034807 - 2009 - Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034807","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1023,"text":"Biological Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment","docAbstract":"Plant populations are regulated by a diverse assortment of abiotic and biotic factors that influence seed dispersal and viability, and seedling establishment and growth at the microsite. Rarely does one animal guild exert as significant an influence on different plant assemblages as land crabs. We review three tropical coastal ecosystems-mangroves, island maritime forests, and mainland coastal terrestrial forests-where land crabs directly influence forest composition by limiting tree establishment and recruitment. Land crabs differentially prey on seeds, propagules and seedlings along nutrient, chemical and physical environmental gradients. In all of these ecosystems, but especially mangroves, abiotic gradients are well studied, strong and influence plant species distributions. However, we suggest that crab predation has primacy over many of these environmental factors by acting as the first limiting factor of tropical tree recruitment to drive the potential structural and compositional organisation of coastal forests. We show that the influence of crabs varies relative to tidal gradient, shoreline distance, canopy position, time, season, tree species and fruiting periodicity. Crabs also facilitate forest growth and development through such activities as excavation of burrows, creation of soil mounds, aeration of soils, removal of leaf litter into burrows and creation of carbon-rich soil microhabitats. For all three systems, land crabs influence the distribution, density and size-class structure of tree populations. Indeed, crabs are among the major drivers of tree recruitment in tropical coastal forest ecosystems, and their conservation should be included in management plans of these forests. ?? 2009 Cambridge Philosophical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00070.x","issn":"14647931","usgsCitation":"Lindquist, E., Krauss, K., Green, P., O’Dowd, D.J., Sherman, P., and Smith, T.J., 2009, Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment: Biological Reviews, v. 84, no. 2, p. 203-223, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00070.x.","startPage":"203","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00070.x"},{"id":243737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a41a9e4b0c8380cd656ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindquist, E.S.","contributorId":35976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindquist","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, P.T.","contributorId":57682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Dowd, D. J.","contributorId":37099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dowd","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherman, P.M.","contributorId":99397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034806,"text":"70034806 - 2009 - New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T14:07:31","indexId":"70034806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)","docAbstract":"This paper reports the use of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS), parallel factor statistical analysis (PARAFAC), and oxidation-reduction experiments to examine the effect of redox conditions on PARAFAC model results for aqueous samples rich in natural organic matter. Fifty-four aqueous samples from 11 different geographic locations and two plant extracts were analyzed untreated and after chemical treatments or irradiation were used in attempts to change the redox status of the natural organic matter. The EEMS spectra were generated and modeled using a PARAFAC package developed by Cory and McKnight (2005). The PARAFAC model output was examined for consistency with previously reported relations and with changes expected to occur upon experimental oxidation and reduction of aqueous samples. Results indicate the implied fraction of total sample fluorescence attributed to quinone-like moieties was consistent (0.64 to 0.78) and greater than that observed by Cory and McKnight (2005). The fraction of the quinone-like moieties that was reduced (the reducing index, RI) showed relatively little variation (0.46 to 0.71) despite attempts to alter the redox status of the natural organic matter. The RI changed little after reducing samples using zinc metal, oxidizing at high pH with air, or irradiating with a Xenon lamp. Our results, however, are consistent with the correlations between the fluorescence indices (FI) of samples and the ratio of PARAFAC fitting parameters suggested by Cory and McKnight (2005), though we used samples with a much narrower range of FI values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Macalady, D.L., and Walton-Day, K., 2009, New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM): Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 2, p. 135-143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6.","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6"},{"id":243709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e1e4b0c8380cd72c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macalady, Donald L.","contributorId":62049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034805,"text":"70034805 - 2009 - Status of native freshwater mussels in Copper Creek, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:43:50","indexId":"70034805","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of native freshwater mussels in Copper Creek, Virginia","docAbstract":"Previous freshwater mussel surveys conducted in Copper Creek showed a decline in the fauna from 1980 to 1998. In 2004 and 2005, we sampled 47 sites acquiring relative abundance estimates (measured in catch-per-unit-effort) to assess the current status of the mussel fauna relative to previous surveys. We also obtained absolute density estimates for 4 select sites for comparison with future and past surveys. Of the 25 mussel species reported from this and previous surveys, 16 were represented by living specimens, 5 are extant but may soon be extirpated, and 8 are likely extirpated from the creek. Presence-absence analysis showed a significant decline in species per site since 1980. Absolute density estimates (at Copper Creek river km 3.1) decreased significantly from 4.07 mussels/m2 in 1981 to 0.63 mussels/m2 in 2005. The cause of this faunal decline is likely due to several factors, including, most notably, the loss of riparian buffers. Nearly half of the stream banks in Copper Creek have inadequate riparian vegetation to provide even minimal sediment control. Precipitous declines of the Clinch River fauna (a likely source population for several species) may be another significant factor influencing the faunal decline in Copper Creek. Despite these declines, populations of several species may be in a state of recovery. Based on 18 comparable sites, average catch-per-unit-effort in 2005 was 25.16 mussels/hr, significantly higher than the 1998 survey (12.92 mussels/hr).
","language":"English","publisher":"Humboldt Field Research Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.008.0101","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Hanlon, S., Petty, M., and Neves, R.J., 2009, Status of native freshwater mussels in Copper Creek, Virginia: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 8, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.008.0101.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Russell County, Scott County","otherGeospatial":"Copper Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.3702392578125,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 37.155938651244625\n ],\n [\n -81.30432128906249,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -81.331787109375,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -81.551513671875,\n 36.64638529597495\n ],\n [\n -81.7987060546875,\n 36.62875385775956\n ],\n [\n -83.6224365234375,\n 36.60229913579042\n ],\n [\n -83.51806640624999,\n 36.64638529597495\n ],\n [\n -83.33129882812499,\n 36.672824886786564\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -83.0950927734375,\n 36.7344819419568\n ],\n [\n -83.067626953125,\n 36.80048816579081\n ],\n [\n -82.9632568359375,\n 36.83127162140714\n ],\n [\n -82.8314208984375,\n 36.88401445049676\n ],\n [\n -82.7655029296875,\n 36.9806150652861\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 37.046408899699564\n ],\n [\n -82.60620117187499,\n 37.11652618491117\n ],\n [\n -82.4249267578125,\n 37.204081555898526\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 37.23907530202184\n ],\n [\n -82.11181640625,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -81.9085693359375,\n 37.260938147754544\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 37.25219377071157\n ],\n [\n -81.67785644531249,\n 37.217206113254996\n ],\n [\n -81.5789794921875,\n 37.199706196161735\n ],\n [\n -81.463623046875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -81.3702392578125,\n 37.274052809979054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97dce4b08c986b31bcc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanlon, S.D.","contributorId":65298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanlon","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, M.A.","contributorId":91326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034802,"text":"70034802 - 2009 - Semivolatile organic compounds in residential air along the Arizona - Mexico border","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034802","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semivolatile organic compounds in residential air along the Arizona - Mexico border","docAbstract":"Concerns about indoor air quality and the potential effects on people living in these environments are increasing as more reports about the toxicities and the potential indoor air exposure levels of household-use chemicals and chemicals fromhousingandfurnishingmanufactureinairarebeingassessed. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to confirm numerous airborne contaminants obtained from the analysis of semipermeable membrane devices deployed inside of 52 homes situated along the border between Arizona and Mexico. We also describe nontarget analytes in the organochlorine pesticide fractions of 12 of these homes; this fraction is also the most likelytocontainthebroadestscopeofbioconcentratablechemicals accumulated from the indoor air. Approximately 400 individual components were identified, ranging from pesticides to a wide array of hydrocarbons, fragrances such as the musk xylenes, flavors relating to spices, aldehydes, alcohols, esters and phthalate esters, and other miscellaneous types of chemicals. The results presented in this study demonstrate unequivocally that the mixture of airborne chemicals present indoors is far more complex than previously demonstrated. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es803482u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gale, R., Cranor, W., Alvarez, D., Huckins, J., Petty, J.D., and Robertson, G., 2009, Semivolatile organic compounds in residential air along the Arizona - Mexico border: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 9, p. 3054-3060, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803482u.","startPage":"3054","endPage":"3060","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es803482u"},{"id":243641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d1ae4b08c986b31826f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, R.W.","contributorId":81653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, G.L.","contributorId":25734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034800,"text":"70034800 - 2009 - Observation and modeling of source effects in coda wave interferometry at Pavlof volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-16T10:23:45","indexId":"70034800","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observation and modeling of source effects in coda wave interferometry at Pavlof volcano","docAbstract":"Sorting out source and path effects for seismic waves at volcanoes is critical for the proper interpretation of underlying volcanic processes. Source or path effects imply that seismic waves interact strongly with the volcanic subsurface, either through partial resonance in a conduit (Garces et al., 2000; Sturton and Neuberg, 2006) or by random scattering in the heterogeneous volcanic edifice (Wegler and Luhr, 2001). As a result, both source and path effects can cause seismic waves to repeatedly sample parts of the volcano, leading to enhanced sensitivity to small changes in material properties at those locations. The challenge for volcano seismologists is to detect and reliably interpret these subtle changes for the purpose of monitoring eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3124930","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Haney, M.M., van, W.K., Preston, L., and Aldridge, D., 2009, Observation and modeling of source effects in coda wave interferometry at Pavlof volcano: The Leading Edge, v. 28, no. 5, p. 554-560, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3124930.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"554","endPage":"560","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215789,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3124930"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.01400756835938,\n 55.36779554154465\n ],\n [\n -161.73248291015625,\n 55.36779554154465\n ],\n [\n -161.73248291015625,\n 55.4523837983983\n ],\n [\n -162.01400756835938,\n 55.4523837983983\n ],\n [\n -162.01400756835938,\n 55.36779554154465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a52e4b0c8380cd740f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van, Wijik K.","contributorId":48833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van","given":"Wijik","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Preston, L.A.","contributorId":68943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldridge, D.F.","contributorId":96549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034798,"text":"70034798 - 2009 - Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:35:57","indexId":"70034798","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets","docAbstract":"Freshwater lakes are an important component of the global carbon cycle through both organic carbon (OC) sequestration and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission. Most lakes have a net annual loss of CO2 to the atmosphere and substantial current evidence suggests that biologic mineralization of allochthonous OC maintains this flux. Because net CO 2 flux to the atmosphere implies net mineralization of OC within the lake ecosystem, it is also commonly assumed that net annual CO2 emission indicates negative net ecosystem production (NEP). We explored the relationship between atmospheric CO2 emission and NEP in two lakes known to have contrasting hydrologie characteristics and net CO2 emission. We calculated NEP for calendar year 2004 using whole-lake OC and inorganic carbon (IC) budgets, NEPoc and NEPIC, respectively, and compared the resulting values to measured annual CO 2 flux from the lakes. In both lakes, NEPIc and NEP Ic were positive, indicating net autotrophy. Therefore CO2 emission from these lakes was apparently not supported by mineralization of allochthonous organic material. In both lakes, hydrologie CO2 inputs, as well as CO2 evolved from netcalcite precipitation, could account for the net CO2 emission. NEP calculated from diel CO2 measurements was also affected by hydrologie inputs of CO2. These results indicate that CO2 emission and positive NEP may coincide in lakes, especially in carbonate terrain, and that all potential geologic, biogeochemical, and hydrologie sources of CO2 need to be accounted for when using CO2 concentrations to infer lake NEP. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000783","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., Striegl, R.G., Aiken, G., Rosenberry, D., and Winter, T.C., 2009, Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000783.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000783"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a368fe4b0c8380cd607f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, E.G.","contributorId":52791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":447682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034797,"text":"70034797 - 2009 - Flexibility in the parental effort of an Arctic-breeding seabird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T19:20:25","indexId":"70034797","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flexibility in the parental effort of an Arctic-breeding seabird","docAbstract":"Parental investment strategies are considered to represent a trade-off between the benefits of investment in current offspring and costs to future reproduction. Due to their high residual reproductive value, long-lived organisms are predicted to be more reluctant to increase parental effort. 2. We tested the hypothesis that breeding little auks (Alle alle) have a fixed level of reproductive investment, and thus reduce parental effort when costs associated with reproduction increase. 3. To test this hypothesis we experimentally increased the flight costs of breeding little auks via feather clipping. In 2005 we examined changes in the condition of manipulated parents, of the mates of manipulated parents, and of their chick as direct measures of change in parental resource allocation between self-maintenance and current reproduction. In 2007 we increased sample sizes to determine whether there was a physiological cost (elevated corticosterone, CORT) associated with the manipulation. 4. We found that: (i) clipped birds and their mates lost more body mass than controls, but there was no difference in mass loss between members of a pair; (ii) clipped birds had higher CORT levels than control birds; (iii) there were no inter-annual differences in body mass and CORT levels between clipped individuals and their mates at recapture, and (iv) chicks with a clipped parent had lower peak and fledging mass, and higher CORT levels than control chicks in both years. 5. Contrary to our hypothesis, the reduction in body mass of partners to clipped birds suggests that little auks can increase parental effort to some extent. Nonetheless, the lower fledging mass and higher CORT of chicks with a clipped parent indicates provisioning rates may not have been fully maintained. 6. As predicted by life-history theory, there may be a threshold to the additional reproductive costs breeders will accept, with parents prioritizing self-maintenance over increased provisioning effort when foraging costs become too high. ?? 2008 British Ecological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Functional Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01488.x","issn":"02698463","usgsCitation":"Harding, A., Kitaysky, A.S., Hall, M.E., Welcker, J., Karnovsky, N.J., Talbot, S.L., Hamer, K.C., and Gremillet, D., 2009, Flexibility in the parental effort of an Arctic-breeding seabird: Functional Ecology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 348-358, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01488.x.","startPage":"348","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01488.x"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10d6e4b0c8380cd53e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harding, Ann","contributorId":172489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitaysky, Alexander S.","contributorId":13884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitaysky","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Margaret E.","contributorId":194517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welcker, Jorg","contributorId":25441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welcker","given":"Jorg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karnovsky, Nina J.","contributorId":42806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karnovsky","given":"Nina","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hamer, Keith C.","contributorId":51960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamer","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gremillet, David","contributorId":204558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gremillet","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70044943,"text":"70044943 - 2009 - Mineral resource of the month: gallium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T20:24:04","indexId":"70044943","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: gallium","docAbstract":"The metal element gallium occurs in very small concentrations in rocks and ores of other metals — native gallium is not known. As society gets more and more high-tech, gallium becomes more useful. Gallium is one of only five metals that are liquid at or close to room temperature. It has one of the longest liquid ranges of any metal (29.8 degrees Celsius to 2204 degrees Celsius) and has a low vapor pressure even at high temperatures. Ultra-pure gallium has a brilliant silvery appearance, and the solid metal exhibits conchoidal fracture similar to glass.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Jaskula, B.W., 2009, Mineral resource of the month: gallium: Earth, v. 54, no. 10, p. 29-29.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"29","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015138","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270517,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.agiweb.org/store/library/imprint.php?id=2009_10"}],"volume":"54","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf5e4b075500ee5ca77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaskula, Brian W. bjaskula@usgs.gov","contributorId":1935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaskula","given":"Brian","email":"bjaskula@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034795,"text":"70034795 - 2009 - Tree die-off in response to global change-type drought: Mortality insights from a decade of plant water potential measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T08:59:45","indexId":"70034795","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree die-off in response to global change-type drought: Mortality insights from a decade of plant water potential measurements","docAbstract":"Global climate change is projected to produce warmer, longer, and more frequent droughts, referred to here as “global change-type droughts”, which have the potential to trigger widespread tree die-off. However, drought-induced tree mortality cannot be predicted with confidence, because long-term field observations of plant water stress prior to, and culminating in, mortality are rare, precluding the development and testing of mechanisms. Here, we document plant water stress in two widely distributed, co-occurring species, piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma), over more than a decade, leading up to regional-scale die-off of piñon pine trees in response to global change-related drought. Piñon leaf water potentials remained substantially below their zero carbon assimilation point for at least 10 months prior to dying, in contrast to those of juniper, which rarely dropped below their zero-assimilation point. These data suggest that piñon mortality was driven by protracted water stress, leading to carbon starvation and associated increases in susceptibility to other disturbances (eg bark beetles), a finding that should help to improve predictions of mortality during drought.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/080016","usgsCitation":"Breshears, D., Myers, O., Meyer, C.W., Barnes, F., Zou, C., Allen, C.D., McDowell, N., and Pockman, W., 2009, Tree die-off in response to global change-type drought: Mortality insights from a decade of plant water potential measurements: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 7, no. 4, p. 185-189, https://doi.org/10.1890/080016.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"189","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa91fe4b0c8380cd85c25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breshears, D.D.","contributorId":17952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, O.B.","contributorId":47970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Clifton W.","contributorId":43164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, F.J.","contributorId":98561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zou, C.B.","contributorId":60027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDowell, N.G.","contributorId":93296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pockman, W. T.","contributorId":57260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pockman","given":"W. T.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034793,"text":"70034793 - 2009 - Characteristics of a refuge for native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Lake St. Clair","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034793","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of a refuge for native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Lake St. Clair","docAbstract":"The Lake St. Clair delta (??? 100??km2) provides an important refuge for native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) wherein 22 of the ??? 35 historical species co-occur with invasive dreissenids. A total of 1875 live unionids representing 22 species were found during snorkeling surveys of 32 shallow (??? 1??m) sites throughout the delta. Richness and density of unionids and zebra mussel infestation rates varied among sites from 3 to 13 unionid species, 0.02 to 0.12 unionids/m2, and < 1 to 35 zebra mussels/unionid, respectively. Zebra mussel infestation of unionids in the delta appears to be mitigated by dominant offshore currents, which limit densities of zebra mussel veligers in nearshore compared to offshore waters (13,600 vs. 28,000/m3, respectively). Glycogen concentrations in the tissues of a common and widespread species in the delta (Lampsilis siliquoidea) suggest that zebra mussels may be adversely affecting physiological condition of unionids in a portion of the Lake St. Clair delta. Physiological condition and community structure of unionids within the delta may also be influenced by differences in food quantity and quality resulting from the uneven distribution of water flowing from the St. Clair River. The delta likely supports the largest living unionid community in the lower Great Lakes and includes several species that have been listed as Endangered or Threatened in Canada and/or the state of Michigan, making it an important refuge for the conservation of native unionids. Crown Copyright ?? 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.007","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"McGoldrick, D., Metcalfe-Smith, J., Arts, M., Schloesser, D.W., Newton, T., Mackie, G., Monroe, E., Biberhofer, J., and Johnson, K., 2009, Characteristics of a refuge for native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Lake St. Clair: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.007.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.007"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f492e4b0c8380cd4bdc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGoldrick, D.J.","contributorId":98969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGoldrick","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metcalfe-Smith, J. L.","contributorId":106338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe-Smith","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arts, M.T.","contributorId":12685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arts","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schloesser, D. W.","contributorId":9598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mackie, G.L.","contributorId":55233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackie","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Monroe, E.M.","contributorId":105822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Biberhofer, J.","contributorId":19801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biberhofer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin","contributorId":83287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034777,"text":"70034777 - 2009 - Assembling and disassembling california: A zircon and monazite geochronologic framework for proterozoic crustal evolution in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034777","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assembling and disassembling california: A zircon and monazite geochronologic framework for proterozoic crustal evolution in southern California","docAbstract":"The Mojave province in southern California preserves a comparatively complete record of assembly, postorogenic sedimentation, and rifting along the southwestern North American continental margin. The oldest exposed rocks are metasedimentary gneisses and amphibolite, enclosing intrusive suites that range from tonalite and quartz mon-zodiorite to granite with minor trondhjemite. Discrete magmatic episodes occurred at approximately 1790-1730 and 1690-1640 Ma. Evidence from detrital and premagmatic zircons indicates that recycling of 1900-1790 Ma Paleopro-terozoic crust formed the unique isotopic character of the Mojave province. Peak metamorphic conditions in the Mojave province reached middle amphibolite to granulite facies; metamorphism occurred locally from 1795 to 1640 Ma, with widespread evidence for metamorphism at 1711-1689 and 1670-1650 Ma. Structures record early, tight to isoclinal folding and penetrative west-vergent shear during the final metamorphic event in the west Mojave province. Proterozoic basement rocks are overlain by siliciclastic-carbonate sequences of Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Cambrian age, recording environmental change over the course of the transition from stable Mojave crust to the rifted Cordilleran margin. Neoproterozoic quartzites have diverse zircon populations inconsistent with a southwest North American source, which we infer were derived from the western conjugate rift pair within Rodinia, before establishment of the miogeocline. Neoproterozoic-Cambrian miogeoclinal clastic rocks record an end to rifting and establishment of the Cordilleran miogeocline in southern California by latest Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian time. ?? 2009 by The University of Chicago.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/597515","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Barth, A.P., Wooden, J.L., Coleman, D., and Vogel, M., 2009, Assembling and disassembling california: A zircon and monazite geochronologic framework for proterozoic crustal evolution in southern California: Journal of Geology, v. 117, no. 3, p. 221-239, https://doi.org/10.1086/597515.","startPage":"221","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597515"}],"volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc6e4b0c8380cd499cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, A. P.","contributorId":16997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coleman, D.S.","contributorId":57607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogel, M.B.","contributorId":42056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034767,"text":"70034767 - 2009 - The stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate and other dissolved carbon species in deep subseafloor sediments at the northern Cascadia Margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T14:26:24","indexId":"70034767","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate and other dissolved carbon species in deep subseafloor sediments at the northern Cascadia Margin","docAbstract":"Ocean drilling has revealed the existence of vast microbial populations in the deep subseafloor, but to date little is known about their metabolic activities. To better understand the biogeochemical processes in the deep biosphere, we investigate the stable carbon isotope chemistry of acetate and other carbon-bearing metabolites in sediment pore-waters. Acetate is a key metabolite in the cycling of carbon in anoxic sediments. Its stable carbon isotopic composition provides information on the metabolic processes dominating acetate turnover in situ. This study reports our findings for a methane-rich site at the northern Cascadia Margin (NE Pacific) where Expedition 311 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) sampled the upper 190 m of sediment. At Site U1329, δ13C values of acetate span a wide range from −46.0‰ to −11.0‰ vs. VPDB and change systematically with sediment depth. In contrast, δ13C values of both the bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (−21.6 ± 1.3‰ vs. VPDB) and the low-molecular-weight compound lactate (−20.9 ± 1.8‰ vs. VPDB) show little variability. These species are interpreted to represent the carbon isotopic composition of fermentation products. Relative to DOC, acetate is up to 23.1‰ depleted and up to 9.1‰ enriched in 13C. Broadly, 13C-depletions of acetate relative to DOC indicate flux of carbon from acetogenesis into the acetate pool while 13C-enrichments of pore-water acetate relative to DOC suggest consumption of acetate by acetoclastic methanogenesis. Isotopic relationships between acetate and lactate or DOC provide new information on the carbon flow and the presence and activity of specific functional microbial communities in distinct biogeochemical horizons of the sediment. In particular, they suggest that acetogenic CO2-reduction can coexist with methanogenic CO2-reduction, a notion contrary to the hypothesis that hydrogen levels are controlled by the thermodynamically most favorable electron-accepting process. Further, the isotopic relationship suggests a relative increase in acetate flow to acetoclastic methanogenesis with depth although its contribution to total methanogenesis is probably small. Our study demonstrates how the stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate can be used to identify pathways of microbial carbon turnover in subsurface environments. Our observations also raise new questions regarding the factors controlling acetate turnover in marine sediments.
Three-dimensional density-dependent flow and transport modeling of the Floridan aquifer system, USA shows that current chloride concentrations are not in equilibrium with current sea level and, second, that the geometric configuration of the aquifer has a significant effect on system responses. The modeling shows that hydraulic head equilibrates first, followed by temperatures, and then by chloride concentrations. The model was constructed using a modified version of SUTRA capable of simulating multi-species heat and solute transport, and was compared to pre-development conditions using hydraulic heads, chloride concentrations, and temperatures from 315 observation wells. Three hypothetical, sinusoidal sea-level changes occurring over 100,000 years were used to evaluate how the simulated aquifer responds to sea-level changes. Model results show that hydraulic head responses lag behind sea-level changes only where the Miocene Hawthorn confining unit is thick and represents a significant restriction to flow. Temperatures equilibrate quickly except where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick and the duration of the sea-level event is long (exceeding 30,000 years). Response times for chloride concentrations to equilibrate are shortest near the coastline and where the aquifer is unconfined; in contrast, chloride concentrations do not change significantly over the 100,000-year simulation period where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J., Vacher, H.L., and Sanford, W., 2009, Temporal response of hydraulic head, temperature, and chloride concentrations to sea-level changes, Floridan aquifer system, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 4, p. 793-815, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"815","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba516e4b08c986b3207db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, J.D.","contributorId":25539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vacher, H. Leonard","contributorId":90529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacher","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034763,"text":"70034763 - 2009 - Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T16:08:13","indexId":"70034763","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","docAbstract":"We present a mid to late Holocene sea-level record derived from drilling the New Jersey coast that shows a relatively constant rise of 1.8??mm/yr from ~ 5000 to 500 calibrated calendar years before present (yrBP). This contrasts with previous New Jersey estimates that showed only 0.5??mm/yr rise since 2000??yrBP. Comparison with other Mid-Atlantic sea-level records (Delaware to southern New England) indicates surprising uniformity considering different proximities to the peripheral bulge of the Laurentide ice sheet, with a relative rise throughout the region of ~ 1.7-1.9??mm/yr since ~ 5000??yrBP. This regional sea-level rise includes both: 1) global sea-level (eustatic) rise; and 2) far-field geoidal subsidence (estimated as ~ 0.8-1.4??mm/yr today) due to removal of the Laurentide ice sheet and water loading. Correcting for geoidal subsidence, the U.S. east coast records suggest a global sea-level (eustatic) rise of ~ 0.4-1.0??mm/yr (with a best estimate of 0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr) since 5000??yrBP. Comparison with other records provides a best estimate of pre-anthropogenic global sea-level rise of < 1.0??mm/yr from 5000 until ~ 200??yrBP. Tide gauge data indicate a 20th century rate of eustatic rise of 1.8??mm/yr, whereas both tide gauge and satellite data suggest an increase in the rate of rise to ~ 3.3??mm/yr from 1993-2006 AD. This indicates that the modern rise (~ 3.3??mm/yr) is significantly higher than the pre-anthropogenic rise (0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr). ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J.V., Horton, B.P., Stanley, A., Kahn, A., Uptegrove, J., and Aucott, M., 2009, Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes: Global and Planetary Change, v. 66, no. 1-2, p. 10-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b881ae4b08c986b3167df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter J.","contributorId":9251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Alissa","contributorId":26156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Alissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kahn, Alicia","contributorId":45136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahn","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Uptegrove, Jane","contributorId":35406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uptegrove","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aucott, Michael","contributorId":67320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034751,"text":"70034751 - 2009 - Processes that initiate turbidity currents and their influence on turbidites: A marine geology perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T14:14:03","indexId":"70034751","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes that initiate turbidity currents and their influence on turbidites: A marine geology perspective","docAbstract":"How the processes that initiate turbidity currents influence turbidite deposition is poorly understood, and many discussions in the literature rely on concepts that are overly simplistic. Marine geological studies provide information on the initiation and flow path of turbidity currents, including their response to gradient. In case studies of late Quaternary turbidites on the eastern Canadian and western U.S. margins, initiation processes are inferred either from real-time data for historical flows or indirectly from the age and contemporary paleogeography, erosional features, and depositional record. Three major types of initiation process are recognized: transformation of failed sediment, hyperpycnal flow from rivers or ice margins, and resuspension of sediment near the shelf edge by oceanographic processes. Many high-concentration flows result from hyperpycnal supply of hyperconcentrated bedload, or liquefaction failure of coarse-grained sediment, and most tend to deposit in slope conduits and on gradients < 0.5° at the base of slope and on the mid fan. Highly turbulent flows, from transformation of retrogressive failures and from ignitive flows that are triggered by oceanographic processes, tend to cannibalize these more proximal sediments and redeposit them on lower gradients on the basin plain. Such conduit flushing provides most of the sediment in large turbidites. Initiation mechanism exerts a strong control on the duration of turbidity flows. In most basins, there is a complex feedback between different types of turbidity-current initiation, the transformation of the flows, and the associated slope morphology. As a result, there is no simple relationship between initiating process and type of deposit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2009.046","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., and Normark, W.R., 2009, Processes that initiate turbidity currents and their influence on turbidites: A marine geology perspective: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 79, no. 6, p. 347-362, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.046.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-007571","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.046"}],"volume":"79","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dbce4b0c8380cd7edcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, David J. W.","contributorId":28631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034750,"text":"70034750 - 2009 - GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:32:34","indexId":"70034750","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars","docAbstract":"The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (Mars Odyssey spacecraft) has revealed elemental distributions of potassium (K), thorium (Th), and iron (Fe) on Mars that require fractionation of K (and possibly Th and Fe) consistent with aqueous activity. This includes weathering, evolution of soils, and transport, sorting, and deposition, as well as with the location of first-order geomorphological demarcations identified as possible paleoocean boundaries. The element abundances occur in patterns consistent with weathering in situ and possible presence of relict or exhumed paleosols, deposition of weathered materials (salts and clastic minerals), and weathering/transport under neutral to acidic brines. The abundances are explained by hydrogeology consistent with the possibly overlapping alternatives of paleooceans and/or heterogeneous rock compositions from diverse provenances (e.g., differing igneous compositions). ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Baker, V., Boynton, W.V., Fairen, A., Ferris, J., Finch, M., Furfaro, R., Hare, T., Janes, D., Kargel, J., Karunatillake, S., Keller, J., Kerry, K., Kim, K., Komatsu, G., Mahaney, W., Schulze-Makuch, D., Marinangeli, L., Ori, G., Ruiz, J., and Wheelock, S., 2009, GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 5-6, p. 664-684, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008.","startPage":"664","endPage":"684","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502631,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://eprints.ucm.es/10512/2/25-Marte_9_P%C3%A1gina_01.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1485e4b0c8380cd54a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boynton, W. V.","contributorId":44274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boynton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finch, M.","contributorId":11848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Furfaro, R.","contributorId":92887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furfaro","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Janes, D.M.","contributorId":34743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Karunatillake, S.","contributorId":95295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karunatillake","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Keller, J.","contributorId":83313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kerry, K.","contributorId":45905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerry","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kim, K.J.","contributorId":30418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Komatsu, G.","contributorId":35913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mahaney, W.C.","contributorId":41187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahaney","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schulze-Makuch, D.","contributorId":62829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulze-Makuch","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Marinangeli, L.","contributorId":77280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinangeli","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ori, G.G.","contributorId":50352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ori","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Ruiz, J.","contributorId":88886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wheelock, S.J.","contributorId":94523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheelock","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70034749,"text":"70034749 - 2009 - Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:01:56","indexId":"70034749","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Evaluation of the extent of volatile element recycling in convergent margin volcanism requires delineating likely source(s) of magmatic volatiles through stable isotopic characterization of sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen in erupted tephra with appropriate assessment of modification by degassing. The climactic eruption of Mt. Mazama ejected approximately 50 km3 of rhyodacitic magma into the atmosphere and resulted in formation of a 10-km diameter caldera now occupied by Crater Lake, Oregon (lat. 43°N, long. 122°W). Isotopic compositions of whole-rocks, matrix glasses and minerals from Mt. Mazama climactic, pre-climactic and postcaldera tephra were determined to identify the likely source(s) of H2O and S. Integration of stable isotopic data with petrologic data from melt inclusions has allowed for estimation of pre-eruptive dissolved volatile concentrations and placed constraints on the extent, conditions and style of degassing.
Sulfur isotope analyses of climactic rhyodacitic whole rocks yield δ34S values of 2.8–14.8‰ with corresponding matrix glass values of 2.4–13.2‰. δ34S tends to increase with stratigraphic height through climactic eruptive units, consistent with open-system degassing. Dissolved sulfur concentrations in melt inclusions (MIs) from pre-climactic and climactic rhyodacitic pumices varies from 80 to 330 ppm, with highest concentrations in inclusions with 4.8–5.2 wt% H2O (by FTIR). Up to 50% of the initial S may have been lost through pre-eruptive degassing at depths of 4–5 km. Ion microprobe analyses of pyrrhotite in climactic rhyodacitic tephra and andesitic scoria indicate a range in δ34S from −0.4‰ to 5.8‰ and from −0.1‰ to 3.5‰, respectively. Initial δ34S values of rhyodacitic and andesitic magmas were likely near the mantle value of 0‰. Hydrogen isotope (δD) and total H2O analyses of rhyodacitic obsidian (and vitrophyre) from the climactic fall deposit yielded values οf −103 to −53‰ and 0.23–1.74 wt%, respectively. Values of δD and wt% H2O of obsidian decrease towards the top of the fall deposit. Samples with depleted δD, and mantle δ18O values, have elevated δ34S values consistent with open-system degassing. These results imply that more mantle-derived sulfur is degassed to the Earth’s atmosphere/hydrosphere through convergent margin volcanism than previously attributed. Magmatic degassing can modify initial isotopic compositions of sulfur by >14‰ (to δ34S values of 14‰ or more here) and hydrogen isotopic compositions by 90‰ (to δD values of −127‰ in this case).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.019","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Mandeville, C., Webster, J., Tappen, C., Taylor, B., Timbal, A., Sasaki, A., Hauri, E., and Bacon, C., 2009, Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 10, p. 2978-3012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.019.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"2978","endPage":"3012","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake, Mt. Mazama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.21397399902344,\n 42.894076403348976\n ],\n [\n -122.00111389160155,\n 42.894076403348976\n ],\n [\n -122.00111389160155,\n 42.987571901931226\n ],\n [\n -122.21397399902344,\n 42.987571901931226\n ],\n [\n -122.21397399902344,\n 42.894076403348976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b966ce4b08c986b31b4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandeville, C.W.","contributorId":44005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandeville","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, J.D.","contributorId":16582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappen, C.","contributorId":105937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappen","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, B.E.","contributorId":23262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Timbal, A.","contributorId":69808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timbal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sasaki, A.","contributorId":96504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauri, E.","contributorId":11029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauri","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034748,"text":"70034748 - 2009 - Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T13:35:37","indexId":"70034748","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations","docAbstract":"Seismograms of local earthquakes recorded in Seattle exhibit surface waves in the Seattle basin and basin-edge focusing of S waves. Spectral ratios of Swaves and later arrivals at 1 Hz for stiff-soil sites in the Seattle basin show a dependence on the direction to the earthquake, with earthquakes to the south and southwest producing higher average amplification. Earthquakes to the southwest typically produce larger basin surface waves relative to S waves than earthquakes to the north and northwest, probably because of the velocity contrast across the Seattle fault along the southern margin of the Seattle basin. S to P conversions are observed for some events and are likely converted at the bottom of the Seattle basin. We model five earthquakes, including the M 6.8 Nisqually earthquake, using 3D finite-difference simulations accurate up to 1 Hz. The simulations reproduce the observed dependence of amplification on the direction to the earthquake. The simulations generally match the timing and character of basin surface waves observed for many events. The 3D simulation for the Nisqually earth-quake produces focusing of S waves along the southern margin of the Seattle basin near the area in west Seattle that experienced increased chimney damage from the earthquake, similar to the results of the higher-frequency 2D simulation reported by Stephenson et al. (2006). Waveforms from the 3D simulations show reasonable agreement with the data at low frequencies (0.2-0.4 Hz) for the Nisqually earthquake and an M 4.8 deep earthquake west of Seattle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080203","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Stephenson, W., and Carver, D., 2009, Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1579-1611, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080203.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1611","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080203"},{"id":243825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a12e4b08c986b316fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William","contributorId":38804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carver, David","contributorId":55867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034747,"text":"70034747 - 2009 - Characteristics of ground motion at permafrost sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034747","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of ground motion at permafrost sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway","docAbstract":"Based on 14 typical drilling holes distributed in the permafrost areas along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, the distribution of wave velocities of soils in the permafrost regions were determined. Using results of dynamic triaxial tests, the results of dynamic triaxiality test and time histories of ground motion acceleration in this area, characteristics of ground motion response were analyzed for these permafrost sites for time histories of ground accelerations with three exceedance probabilities (63%, 10% and 2%). The influence of ground temperature on the seismic displacement, velocity, acceleration and response spectrum on the surface of permafrost were also studied. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.11.009","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Wang, L., Wu, Z., Sun, J., Liu, X., and Wang, Z., 2009, Characteristics of ground motion at permafrost sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 29, no. 6, p. 974-981, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.11.009.","startPage":"974","endPage":"981","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215958,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.11.009"},{"id":243795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f49ae4b0c8380cd4bdf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Z.","contributorId":102028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034744,"text":"70034744 - 2009 - Sensitivity of system stability to model structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034744","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of system stability to model structure","docAbstract":"A community is stable, and resilient, if the levels of all community variables can return to the original steady state following a perturbation. The stability properties of a community depend on its structure, which is the network of direct effects (interactions) among the variables within the community. These direct effects form feedback cycles (loops) that determine community stability. Although feedback cycles have an intuitive interpretation, identifying how they form the feedback properties of a particular community can be intractable. Furthermore, determining the role that any specific direct effect plays in the stability of a system is even more daunting. Such information, however, would identify important direct effects for targeted experimental and management manipulation even in complex communities for which quantitative information is lacking. We therefore provide a method that determines the sensitivity of community stability to model structure, and identifies the relative role of particular direct effects, indirect effects, and feedback cycles in determining stability. Structural sensitivities summarize the degree to which each direct effect contributes to stabilizing feedback or destabilizing feedback or both. Structural sensitivities prove useful in identifying ecologically important feedback cycles within the community structure and for detecting direct effects that have strong, or weak, influences on community stability. The approach may guide the development of management intervention and research design. We demonstrate its value with two theoretical models and two empirical examples of different levels of complexity. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.033","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Hosack, G., Li, H., and Rossignol, P., 2009, Sensitivity of system stability to model structure: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 8, p. 1054-1062, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.033.","startPage":"1054","endPage":"1062","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215927,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.033"}],"volume":"220","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d36e4b08c986b3182d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosack, G.R.","contributorId":84180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosack","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, H.W.","contributorId":23261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossignol, P.A.","contributorId":90019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossignol","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034742,"text":"70034742 - 2009 - Spectral, mineralogical, and geochemical variations across Home Plate, Gusev Crater, Mars indicate high and low temperature alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034742","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral, mineralogical, and geochemical variations across Home Plate, Gusev Crater, Mars indicate high and low temperature alteration","docAbstract":"Over the last ~ 3??years in Gusev Crater, Mars, the Spirit rover observed coherent variations in color, mineralogy, and geochemistry across Home Plate, an ~ 80??m-diameter outcrop of basaltic tephra. Observations of Home Plate from orbit and from the summit of Husband Hill reveal clear differences in visible/near-infrared (VNIR) colors between its eastern and western regions that are consistent with mineralogical compositions indicated by M??ssbauer spectrometer (MB) and by Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES). Pyroxene and magnetite dominate the east side, while olivine, nanophase Fe oxide (npOx) and glass are more abundant on the western side. Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) observations reveal that eastern Home Plate has higher Si/Mg, Al, Zn, Ni, and K, while Cl and Br are higher in the west. We propose that these variations are the result of two distinct alteration regimes that may or may not be temporally related: a localized, higher temperature recrystallization and alteration of the east side of Home Plate and lower temperature alteration of the western side that produced npOx.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.030","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, M., Farrand, W.H., Johnson, J.R., Schroder, C., Hurowitz, J., McCoy, T., Ruff, S.W., Arvidson, R., Des Marais, D., Lewis, K., Ming, D.W., Squyres, S.W., and De Souza, P., 2009, Spectral, mineralogical, and geochemical variations across Home Plate, Gusev Crater, Mars indicate high and low temperature alteration: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 281, no. 3-4, p. 258-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.030.","startPage":"258","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502632,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Spectral_mineralogical_and_geochemical_variations_across_Home_Plate_Gusev_Crater_Mars_indicate_high_and_low_temperature_alteration/22890701","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215898,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.030"},{"id":243733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b954ee4b08c986b31ae75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, M.E.","contributorId":53075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurowitz, J.A.","contributorId":10994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurowitz","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCoy, T.J.","contributorId":84883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Des Marais, D.J.","contributorId":84075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Des Marais","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lewis, K.W.","contributorId":101784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"De Souza, P.A. Jr.","contributorId":74927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Souza","given":"P.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70034741,"text":"70034741 - 2009 - Streamflow changes in Alaska between the cool phase (1947–1976) and the warm phase (1977–2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: The influence of glaciers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T17:24:36","indexId":"70034741","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streamflow changes in Alaska between the cool phase (1947–1976) and the warm phase (1977–2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: The influence of glaciers","docAbstract":"Streamflow data from 35 stations in and near Alaska were analyzed for changes between the cool phase (1947–1976) and the warm phase (1977–2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Winter, spring, and summer flow changes and maximum annual flow changes were different for glaciated basins (more than 10% glacier‐covered area) than for nonglaciated basins, showing the influence of glaciers on historical streamflow changes. Mean February flows, for example, increased for the median of available stations by 45% for glaciated basins and by 17% for nonglaciated ones.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007575","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., 2009, Streamflow changes in Alaska between the cool phase (1947–1976) and the warm phase (1977–2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: The influence of glaciers: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 6, Article W06502; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007575.","productDescription":"Article W06502; 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007575","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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