Lava lakes are found at basaltic volcanoes on Earth and other planetary bodies. Density-driven crustal foundering leading to surface renewal occurs repeatedly throughout the life of a lava lake. This process has been observed and described in a qualitative sense, but due to dangerous conditions, no data has been acquired to evaluate the densities of the units involved. Kilauea Iki pit crater in Hawai'i houses a lava lake erupted during a 2 month period in 1959. Part of the surface of the Kilauea Iki lake now preserves the frozen record of a final, incomplete, crustal-overturn cycle. We mapped this region and sampled portions of the foundering crust, as well as overriding and underlying lava, to constrain the density of the units involved in the overturn process. Overturn is driven by the advance of a flow front of fresh, low-density lava over an older, higher density surface crust. The advance of the front causes the older crust to break up, founder, and dive downwards into the lake to expose new, hot, low-density lava. We find density differences of 200 to 740 kg/m3 between the foundering crust and over-riding and under-lying lava respectively. In this case, crustal overturn is driven by large density differences between the foundering and resurfacing units. These differences lead, inevitably, to frequent crustal renewal: simple density differences between the surface crust and underlying lake lava make the upper layers of the lake highly unstable. Springer-Verlag 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s00445-008-0225-y","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Stovall, W., Houghton, B.F., Harris, A., and Swanson, D.A., 2009, A frozen record of density-driven crustal overturn in lava lakes: The example of Kilauea Iki 1959: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 71, no. 3, p. 313-318, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0225-y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Iki ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.25672912597656,\n 19.409004403859463\n ],\n [\n -155.237717628479,\n 19.409004403859463\n ],\n [\n -155.237717628479,\n 19.42078263415394\n ],\n [\n -155.25672912597656,\n 19.42078263415394\n ],\n [\n -155.25672912597656,\n 19.409004403859463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e4e4b0c8380cd462a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stovall, W.K.","contributorId":74590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stovall","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, A.J.L.","contributorId":82878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034688,"text":"70034688 - 2009 - Plant toxicity, adaptive herbivory, and plant community dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034688","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant toxicity, adaptive herbivory, and plant community dynamics","docAbstract":"We model effects of interspecific plant competition, herbivory, and a plant's toxic defenses against herbivores on vegetation dynamics. The model predicts that, when a generalist herbivore feeds in the absence of plant toxins, adaptive foraging generally increases the probability of coexistence of plant species populations, because the herbivore switches more of its effort to whichever plant species is more common and accessible. In contrast, toxin-determined selective herbivory can drive plant succession toward dominance by the more toxic species, as previously documented in boreal forests and prairies. When the toxin concentrations in different plant species are similar, but species have different toxins with nonadditive effects, herbivores tend to diversify foraging efforts to avoid high intakes of any one toxin. This diversification leads the herbivore to focus more feeding on the less common plant species. Thus, uncommon plants may experience depensatory mortality from herbivory, reducing local species diversity. The depensatory effect of herbivory may inhibit the invasion of other plant species that are more palatable or have different toxins. These predictions were tested and confirmed in the Alaskan boreal forest. ?? 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-009-9240-x","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Feng, Z., Liu, R., DeAngelis, D., Bryant, L.C., Kielland, K., Stuart, C.F., and Swihart, R., 2009, Plant toxicity, adaptive herbivory, and plant community dynamics: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 4, p. 534-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9240-x.","startPage":"534","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215570,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9240-x"},{"id":243382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c02e4b0c8380cd79744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Z.","contributorId":84991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, R.","contributorId":23731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bryant, Lee C.","contributorId":62045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":447045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kielland, K.","contributorId":98932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kielland","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stuart, Chapin F.","contributorId":23781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"Chapin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swihart, R.K.","contributorId":90560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swihart","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035173,"text":"70035173 - 2009 - High-resolution seismic-reflection images across the ICDP-USGS Eyreville deep drilling site, Chesapeake Bay impact structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:41:19","indexId":"70035173","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution seismic-reflection images across the ICDP-USGS Eyreville deep drilling site, Chesapeake Bay impact structure","docAbstract":"Mercury-rich coals in the Donets Basin (Donbas region) of Ukraine were sampled in active underground mines to assess the levels of potentially harmful elements and the potential for dispersion of metals through use of this coal. For 29 samples representing c11 to m3 Carboniferous coals, mercury contents range from 0.02 to 3.5 ppm (whole-coal dry basis). Mercury is well correlated with pyritic sulfur (0.01 to 3.2 wt.%), with an r2 of 0.614 (one outlier excluded). Sulfides in these samples show enrichment of minor constituents in late-stage pyrite formed as a result of interaction of coal with hydrothermal fluids. Mine water sampled at depth and at surface collection points does not show enrichment of trace metals at harmful levels, indicating pyrite stability at subsurface conditions. Four samples of coal exposed in the defunct open-cast Nikitovka mercury mines in Gorlovka have extreme mercury contents of 12.8 to 25.5 ppm. This coal was formerly produced as a byproduct of extracting sandstone-hosted cinnabar ore. Access to these workings is unrestricted and small amounts of extreme mercury-rich coal are collected for domestic use, posing a limited human health hazard. More widespread hazards are posed by the abandoned Nikitovka mercury processing plant, the extensive mercury mine tailings, and mercury enrichment of soils extending into residential areas of Gorlovka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Panov, B., Panov, Y., Landa, E.R., Conko, K., Korchemagin, V., Shendrik, T., and McCord, J., 2009, Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003"}],"country":"Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Donbas mines","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 37.0,\n 49.0\n ],\n [\n 37.0,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n 38.4,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n 38.4,\n 49.0\n ],\n [\n 37.0,\n 49.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53e4e4b0c8380cd6cdb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panov, B.S.","contributorId":79735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panov, Y.B.","contributorId":13071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conko, K.M. 0000-0001-6361-4921","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":37503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Korchemagin, V.A.","contributorId":83767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korchemagin","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shendrik, T.","contributorId":47210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shendrik","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, J.D.","contributorId":74199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034693,"text":"70034693 - 2009 - Currents in monterey submarine canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034693","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Currents in monterey submarine canyon","docAbstract":"Flow fields of mean, subtidal, and tidal frequencies between 250 and 3300 m water depths in Monterey Submarine Canyon are examined using current measurements obtained in three yearlong field experiments. Spatial variations in flow fields are mainly controlled by the topography (shape and width) of the canyon. The mean currents flow upcanyon in the offshore reaches (>1000 m) and downcanyon in the shallow reaches (<800 m) of the canyon. Tidal currents, especially the semidiurnal components, are dominant and account for more than 90% of total energy. Pulses of strong currents near the canyon floor, which last several days at a time and have a magnitude as high as 60+ cm/s, are attributed to intense baroclinic processes occurring within the canyon. The V-shaped canyon walls and the near-critical slope of the canyon floor focus the baroclinic tides of semidiurnal and higher frequencies to the canyon bottom to produce the >100-m amplitude isotherm oscillations and associated high-speed rectilinear currents. The 15-day spring-neap cycle and a ???3-day??? band are the two prominent frequencies in subtidal flow field. Neither of them seems directly correlated with the spring-neap cycle of the sea level.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JC004992","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Xu, J.P., and Noble, M., 2009, Currents in monterey submarine canyon: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 114, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004992.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476396,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jc004992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215632,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004992"},{"id":243449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd1be4b0c8380cd4e62b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034695,"text":"70034695 - 2009 - Desmograptus. micronematodes, a silurian dendroid graptolite, and its ultrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034695","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2998,"text":"Palaeontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desmograptus. micronematodes, a silurian dendroid graptolite, and its ultrastructure","docAbstract":"Desmograptus micronematodes from Thornton quarry, Cook County, Illinois, USA, remarkably preserved in relief and encased in pyrite, is described. The internal details of the thecae, and of the stolon system, examined using the SEM, allow the reconstruction of the growth of a stipe. The stolons and stolonal nodes are formed of a dense crassal fabric, and are surrounded by a loose fabric of three-dimensional fibrils. The nodes have a complex structure of three boxes with proximal and distal nozzles. The base of a bitheca, and the base of each autothecal cup, has a central nozzle surrounded by a unique honeycomb fabric. The ultrastructure of the cortical fibrils, with their clockwise striations, is similar to that in Dendrograptus, and may be universal in the graptolites. The nodes of the stolon system appear identical to those of Acanthograptus and other dendroids, but differ from those of the extant hemichordate Rhabdopleura, which have only a diaphragm, and lack box structures. ?? The Palaeontological Association, 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00859.x","issn":"00310239","usgsCitation":"Saunders, K., Bates, D., Kluessendorf, J., Loydell, D.K., and Mikulic, D.G., 2009, Desmograptus. micronematodes, a silurian dendroid graptolite, and its ultrastructure: Palaeontology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 541-559, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00859.x.","startPage":"541","endPage":"559","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00859.x"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff4ae4b0c8380cd4f0f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saunders, K.M.","contributorId":101479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, D.E.B.","contributorId":21367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"D.E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kluessendorf, Joanne","contributorId":41965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluessendorf","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loydell, David K.","contributorId":16189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loydell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikulic, Donald G.","contributorId":61159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikulic","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034697,"text":"70034697 - 2009 - Identification of centrarchid hepcidins and evidence that 17β-estradiol disrupts constitutive expression of hepcidin-1 and inducible expression of hepcidin-2 in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T12:07:51","indexId":"70034697","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of centrarchid hepcidins and evidence that 17β-estradiol disrupts constitutive expression of hepcidin-1 and inducible expression of hepcidin-2 in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","docAbstract":"Hepcidin is a highly conserved antimicrobial peptide and iron-regulatory hormone. Here, we identify two hepcidin genes (hep-1 and hep-2) in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Hepcidin-1 contains a putative ATCUN metal-binding site in the amino-terminus that is missing in hepcidin-2, suggesting that hepcidin-1 may function as an iron-regulatory hormone. Both hepcidins are predominately expressed in the liver of largemouth bass, similar to other fish and mammals. Experimental exposure of pond-raised largemouth bass to 17β-estradiol and/or the bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri led to distinct changes in expression of hep-1 and hep-2. Estradiol reduced the constitutive expression of hep-1 in the liver. Bacterial exposure induced expression of hep-2, suggesting that hepcidin-2 may have an antimicrobial function, and this induction was abolished by estradiol. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the regulation of hepcidin expression by estradiol in either fish or mammals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.023","issn":"10504648","usgsCitation":"Robertson, L., Iwanowicz, L., and Marranca, J., 2009, Identification of centrarchid hepcidins and evidence that 17β-estradiol disrupts constitutive expression of hepcidin-1 and inducible expression of hepcidin-2 in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 898-907, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"898","endPage":"907","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.023"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3823e4b0c8380cd61466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, L.S.","contributorId":32370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":43864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marranca, J.M.","contributorId":69805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marranca","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035201,"text":"70035201 - 2009 - Fine sediment affects on survival to emergence of robust redhorse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035201","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine sediment affects on survival to emergence of robust redhorse","docAbstract":"Robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) is a rare riverine sucker for which life history information is scarce. Spawning occurs over loose gravel substrate and eggs and larvae may be adversely affected by fine sediments among the gravel. A 2-year study was conducted to determine the threshold at which fine sediments are detrimental to successful egg incubation and larval emergence. Year 1 gravel treatments contained 0, 25, 50, and 75% fine sediments. Mean survival during Year 1 ranged from 63.5% in the 0% fine sediment treatment to 0% in the 75% fine sediment treatment. The results also indicated an adverse affect threshold between 0 and 25% fine sediment. Year 2 gravel treatments contained 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% fine sediments. Mean survival during Year 2 ranged from 69.8% in the 0% treatment to 9.1% in the 25% treatment. Year 2 results also identified the 15% fine sediment treatment as the threshold at which survival began to decline. Substrates at one known spawning area used by robust redhorse typically contain 25 to 50% fine sediment, but the spawning act cleans some fines from the egg pocket. Whether the \"cleaning\" that results from the spawning act reduces the fines sufficiently to avoid adverse effects is unknown. According to our results, survival rates of robust redhorse eggs and larvae are predicted to be about 8.0% or less when fine sediment is >25%. ?? US Government 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-009-9561-9","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Jennings, C., Dilts, E., Shelton, J., and Peterson, R.C., 2009, Fine sediment affects on survival to emergence of robust redhorse: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 87, no. 1, p. 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-009-9561-9.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215213,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-009-9561-9"},{"id":243000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1021e4b0c8380cd53b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A.","contributorId":38504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dilts, E.W.","contributorId":38799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilts","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelton, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":90850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Ronald C.","contributorId":103070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034833,"text":"70034833 - 2009 - Symbiotic regulation of plant growth, development and reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-24T13:34:13.037425","indexId":"70034833","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1285,"text":"Communitative and Integrative Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Symbiotic regulation of plant growth, development and reproduction","docAbstract":"The growth and development of rice (Oryzae sativa) seedlings was shown to be regulated epigenetically by a fungal endophyte. In contrast to un-inoculated (nonsymbiotic) plants, endophyte colonized (symbiotic) plants preferentially allocated resources into root growth until root hairs were well established. During that time symbiotic roots expanded at five times the rate observed in nonsymbiotic plants. Endophytes also influenced sexual reproduction of mature big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) plants. Two spatially distinct big sagebrush subspecies and their hybrids were symbiotic with unique fungal endophytes, despite being separated by only 380m distance and 60 m elevation. A double reciprocal transplant experiment of parental and hybrid plants, and soils across the hybrid zone showed that fungal endophytes interact with the soils and different plant genotypes to confer enhanced plant reproduction in soil native to the endophyte and reduced reproduction in soil alien to the endophyte. Moreover, the most prevalent endophyte of the hybrid zone reduced the fitness of both parental subspecies. Because these endophytes are passed to the next generation of plants on seed coats, this interaction provides a selective advantage, habitat specificity, and the means of restricting gene flow, thereby making the hybrid zone stable, narrow, and potentially leading to speciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.4161/cib.7821","issn":"19420889","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R.J., Freeman, D.C., McArthur, E., Kim, Y., and Redman, R.S., 2009, Symbiotic regulation of plant growth, development and reproduction: Communitative and Integrative Biology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 141-143, https://doi.org/10.4161/cib.7821.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"143","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cib.7821","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba336e4b08c986b31fc01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, D. Carl","contributorId":31599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McArthur, E.D.","contributorId":27274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McArthur","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Y.-O.","contributorId":47593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Y.-O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redman, R. S.","contributorId":26094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034919,"text":"70034919 - 2009 - Simulation modeling to understand how selective foraging by beaver can drive the structure and function of a willow community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034919","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation modeling to understand how selective foraging by beaver can drive the structure and function of a willow community","docAbstract":"Beaver-willow (Castor-Salix) communities are a unique and vital component of healthy wetlands throughout the Holarctic region. Beaver selectively forage willow to provide fresh food, stored winter food, and construction material. The effects of this complex foraging behavior on the structure and function of willow communities is poorly understood. Simulation modeling may help ecologists understand these complex interactions. In this study, a modified version of the SAVANNA ecosystem model was developed to better understand how beaver foraging affects the structure and function of a willow community in a simulated riparian ecosystem in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado (RMNP). The model represents willow in terms of plant and stem dynamics and beaver foraging in terms of the quantity and quality of stems cut to meet the energetic and life history requirements of beaver. Given a site where all stems were equally available, the model suggested a simulated beaver family of 2 adults, 2 yearlings, and 2 kits required a minimum of 4 ha of willow (containing about10 stems m-2) to persist in a steady-state condition. Beaver created a willow community where the annual net primary productivity (ANPP) was 2 times higher and plant architecture was more diverse than the willow community without beaver. Beaver foraging created a plant architecture dominated by medium size willow plants, which likely explains how beaver can increase ANPP. Long-term simulations suggested that woody biomass stabilized at similar values even though availability differed greatly at initial condition. Simulations also suggested that willow ANPP increased across a range of beaver densities until beaver became food limited. Thus, selective foraging by beaver increased productivity, decreased biomass, and increased structural heterogeneity in a simulated willow community.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.009","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Peinetti, H., Baker, B., and Coughenour, M., 2009, Simulation modeling to understand how selective foraging by beaver can drive the structure and function of a willow community: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 7, p. 998-1012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.009.","startPage":"998","endPage":"1012","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.009"},{"id":243588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8feae4b08c986b319205","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peinetti, H.R.","contributorId":38115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peinetti","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, B.W.","contributorId":18707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coughenour, M.B.","contributorId":46473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coughenour","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034835,"text":"70034835 - 2009 - Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T13:09:15","indexId":"70034835","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","docAbstract":"This paper provides a summary of the current equations and rescaling factors for converting calibrated Digital Numbers (DNs) to absolute units of at-sensor spectral radiance, Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, and at-sensor brightness temperature. It tabulates the necessary constants for the Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensors. These conversions provide a basis for standardized comparison of data in a single scene or between images acquired on different dates or by different sensors. This paper forms a needed guide for Landsat data users who now have access to the entire Landsat archive at no cost.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Markham, B.L., and Helder, D., 2009, Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 5, p. 893-903, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007.","startPage":"893","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476320,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090027884","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007"},{"id":243710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9e5be4b08c986b31de47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034836,"text":"70034836 - 2009 - Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034836","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls","docAbstract":"The Boyongan and Bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits are part of an emerging belt of intrusion-centered gold-rich deposits in the Surigao district of northeast Mindanao, Philippines. Exhumation and weathering of these Late Pliocene-age deposits has led to the development of the world's deepest known porphyry oxidation profile at Boyongan (600 m), and yet only a modest (30-70 m) oxidation profile at adjacent Bayugo. Debris flows, volcanic rocks, and fluviolacustrine sediments accumulating in the actively extending Mainit graben subsequently covered the deposits and preserved the supergene profiles. At Boyongan and Bayugo, there is a vertical transition from shallower supergene copper oxide minerals (malachite + azurite + cuprite) to deeper sulfide-stable assemblages (chalcocite ?? hypogene sulfides). This transition provides a time-integrated proxy for the position of the water table at the base of the saturated zone during supergene oxidation. Contours of the elevation of the paleopotentiometric surface based on this min- eralogical transition show that the thickest portions of the unsaturated zone coincided with a silt-sand matrix diatreme breccia complex at Boyongan. Within the breccia complex, the thickness of the unsaturated zone approached 600 in, whereas outside the breccia complex (e.g., at Bayugo), the thickness averaged 50 m. Contours of the paleopotentiometric surface suggest that during weathering, groundwater flowed into the breccia complex from the north, south, and east, and exited along a high permeability zone to the west. The high relief (>550 m) on the elevation of the paleopotentiometric surface is consistent with an environment of high topographic relief, and the outflow zone to the west of the breccia complex probably reflects proximity to a steep scarp intersecting the western breccia complex margin. Stable isotope paleoaltimetry has enabled estimation of the elevation of the land surface, which further constrains the physiographic setting during supergene oxidation. Isotopic measurements of oxygen in supergene kaolinite from Boyongan suggest that local paleometeoric water involved in weathering had a ??180 composition of approximately -5.7 per mil. At the latitude of the southern Philippines, this value corresponds to Pleistocene rain water condensing at elevations between 750 and 1,050 m above contemporary sea level, providing a maximum estimate for the surface elevation during weathering of the porphyry systems. Physiographic reconstuctions suggest that the deep oxidation profile at Boyongan formed in an environment of high topographic relief immediately east of a prominent (>550 m) escarpment. The high permeability contrast between the breccia complex and the surrounding wall rocks, coupled with the proximity of the breccia complex to the escarpment, led to a depressed groundwater table and a vertically extensive unsaturated zone in the immediate vicinity of Boyongan. This thick vadose zone and the low hypogene pyrite/copper sulfide ratios (0.6) at Boyongan promoted in situ oxidation of copper sulfides with only modest (<200 m) supergene remobilization of copper. In contrast, higher hypogene pyrite/chalcopyrite ratios (2.3) at Bayugo led to greater acid production during weathering and more complete leaching of copper above the base of oxidation. This process promoted significant (600 m) lateral dispersion of copper down the paleohydraulic gradient into the diatreme breccia comple, ultimately leading to the formation of an exotic copper deposit. ?? 2009 Society of Economices Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Braxton, D., Cooke, D.R., Ignacio, A., Rye, R.O., and Waters, P., 2009, Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls: Economic Geology, v. 104, no. 3, p. 333-349, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333.","startPage":"333","endPage":"349","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333"},{"id":243739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbfce4b08c986b32895d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braxton, D.P.","contributorId":107522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braxton","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooke, D. R.","contributorId":99764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ignacio, A.M.","contributorId":69383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignacio","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waters, P.J.","contributorId":103110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035768,"text":"70035768 - 2009 - Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035768","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach","docAbstract":"The significant impact of extant carnivores, particularly spotted hyenas, on the depo-sitional history and physical characteristics of archaeofaunal and paleontological assemblages is well recognized. We focus on the behavioral ecology of extant spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in relation to bone accumulations produced by one East African clan at communal dens. Limbs and skulls of prey animals more frequently appear at dens than do other carcass portions. These items reflect the relative abundance of prey species near dens; carnivore remains are poorly represented. Comparative analysis reveals that bones are deposited far more slowly (<7 carcass portions per month) and accumulations tend to be smaller at Crocuta dens than at dens of either brown (Para-hyaena brunnea) or striped (Hyaena hyaena) hyenas. We propose that extant Crocuta bone accumu-lation rates and sizes are likely affected by prey species abundance, clan size, social interactions within the clan, and the type and availability of den sites. We also suggest that the potential for intraspecific behavioral variability in bone accumulation patterns is important when comparisons are made among spotted hyena populations and across hyena species. For example, accumulation patterns may be dramatically influenced by the temporal span, potentially ranging from days to hundreds or thousands of years, in which bones are collected, depending on the species-specific history of occupation at a given site. Understanding the behavioral and ecological variability likely to influence bone accumulation patterns at dens used by different hyaenids will allow taphonomists and zooarchaeologists to refine their knowledge of mechanisms underlying site formation pro-cesses and potential causes of variability in deeper-time den assemblages. ?? 2009 The Paleontological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/08009.1","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Lansing, S., Cooper, S., Boydston, E., and Holekamp, K., 2009, Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach: Paleobiology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 289-309, https://doi.org/10.1666/08009.1.","startPage":"289","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08009.1"},{"id":244144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3dce4b08c986b31ff37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lansing, S.W.","contributorId":44006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lansing","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, S.M.","contributorId":11576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boydston, E. E.","contributorId":106045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boydston","given":"E. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holekamp, K.E.","contributorId":34077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holekamp","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034709,"text":"70034709 - 2009 - The role of clay minerals in the preservation of organic matter in sediments of Qinghai Lake, NW China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:51:44","indexId":"70034709","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of clay minerals in the preservation of organic matter in sediments of Qinghai Lake, NW China","docAbstract":"The role of saline lake sediments in preserving organic matter has long been recognized. In order to further understand the preservation mechanisms, the role of clay minerals was studied. Three sediment cores, 25, 57, and 500 cm long, were collected from Qinghai Lake, NW China, and dissected into multiple subsamples. Multiple techniques were employed, including density fractionation, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon compound analyses, and surface area determination. The sediments were oxic near the water-sediment interface, but became anoxic at depth. The clay mineral content was as much as 36.8%, consisting mostly of illite, chlorite, and halloysite. The TEM observations revealed that organic matter occurred primarily as organic matter-clay mineral aggregates. The TOC and clay mineral abundances are greatest in the mid-density fraction, with a positive correlation between the TOC and mineral surface area. The TOC of the bulk sediments ranges from 1 to 3% with the non-hydrocarbon fraction being predominant, followed by bitumen, saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, and chloroform-soluble bitumen. The bimodal distribution of carbon compounds of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction suggests that organic matter in the sediments was derived from two sources: terrestrial plants and microorganisms/algae. Depthrelated systematic changes in the distribution patterns of the carbon compounds suggest that the oxidizing conditions and microbial abundance near the water-sediment interface promote degradation of labile organic matter, probably in adsorbed form. The reducing conditions and small microbial biomass deeper in the sediments favor preservation of organic matter, because of the less labile nature of organic matter, probably occurring within clay mineral-organic matter aggregates that are inaccessible to microorganisms. These results have important implications for our understanding of mechanisms of organic matter preservation in saline lake sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570208","usgsCitation":"Yu, B., Dong, H., Jiang, H., Lv, G., Eberl, D.D., Li, S., and Kim, J., 2009, The role of clay minerals in the preservation of organic matter in sediments of Qinghai Lake, NW China: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 57, no. 2, p. 213-226, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570208.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Qinghai Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 99.371337890625,\n 36.361586786517776\n ],\n [\n 101.07696533203125,\n 36.361586786517776\n ],\n [\n 101.07696533203125,\n 37.35269280367274\n ],\n [\n 99.371337890625,\n 37.35269280367274\n ],\n [\n 99.371337890625,\n 36.361586786517776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf59e4b08c986b324722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Bingsong","contributorId":37564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Bingsong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36002,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dong, Hailiang","contributorId":50802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Hailiang","affiliations":[{"id":36002,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jiang, Hongchen","contributorId":112137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hongchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lv, Guo","contributorId":25787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lv","given":"Guo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36002,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Shanying","contributorId":199327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Shanying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kim, Jinwook","contributorId":53416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Jinwook","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034464,"text":"70034464 - 2009 - Paleosols in central Illinois as potential sources of ammonium in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034464","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleosols in central Illinois as potential sources of ammonium in groundwater","docAbstract":"Glacially buried paleosols of pre-Holocene age were evaluated as potential sources for anomalously large concentrations of ammonium in groundwater in East Central Illinois. Ammonium has been detected at concentrations that are problematic to water treatment facilities (greater than 2.0 mg/L) in this region. Paleosols characterized for this study were of Quaternary age, specifically Robein Silt samples. Paleosol samples displayed significant capacity to both store and release ammonium through experiments measuring processes of sorption, ion exchange, and weathering. Bacteria and fungi within paleosols may significantly facilitate the leaching of ammonium into groundwater by the processes of assimilation and mineralization. Bacterial genetic material (DNA) was successfully extracted from the Robein Silt, purified, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction to produce 16S rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) community analyses. The Robein Silt was found to have established diverse and viable bacterial communities. 16S rRNA TRFLP comparisons to well-known bacterial species yielded possible matches with facultative chemolithotrophs, cellulose consumers, nitrate reducers, and actinomycetes. It was concluded that the Robein Silt is both a source and reservoir for groundwater ammonium. Therefore, the occurrence of relatively large concentrations of ammonium in groundwater monitoring data may not necessarily be an indication of only anthropogenic contamination. The results of this study, however, need to be placed in a hydrological context to better understand whether paleosols can be a significant source of ammonium to drinking water supplies. ?? 2009 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01257.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Glessner, J.J., and Roy, W.R., 2009, Paleosols in central Illinois as potential sources of ammonium in groundwater: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 29, no. 4, p. 56-64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01257.x.","startPage":"56","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01257.x"},{"id":244445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7455e4b0c8380cd775b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glessner, Justin J. G.","contributorId":69391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glessner","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"J. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034710,"text":"70034710 - 2009 - Suspended sediment and carbonate transport in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Fluxes and potential future responses to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T17:21:08","indexId":"70034710","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment and carbonate transport in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Fluxes and potential future responses to climate change","docAbstract":"Loads and yields of suspended sediment and carbonate were measured and modeled at three locations on the Yukon, Tanana, and Porcupine Rivers in Alaska during water years 2001–2005 (1 October 2000 to 30 September 2005). Annual export of suspended sediment and carbonate upstream from the Yukon Delta averaged 68 Mt a−1 and 387 Gg a−1, respectively, with 50% of the suspended sediment load originating in the Tanana River Basin and 88% of the carbonate load originating in the White River Basin. About half the annual suspended sediment export occurred during spring, and half occurred during summer‐autumn, with very little export in winter. On average, a minimum of 11 Mt a−1 of suspended sediment is deposited in floodplains between Eagle, Alaska, and Pilot Station, Alaska, on an annual basis, mostly in the Yukon Flats. There is about a 27% loss in the carbonate load between Eagle and Yukon River near Stevens Village, with an additional loss of about 29% between Stevens Village and Pilot Station, owing to a combination of deposition and dissolution. Comparison of current and historical suspended sediment loads for Tanana River suggests a possible link between suspended sediment yield and the Pacific decadal oscillation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007546","usgsCitation":"Dornblaser, M.M., and Striegl, R.G., 2009, Suspended sediment and carbonate transport in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Fluxes and potential future responses to climate change: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 6, Article W06411; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007546.","productDescription":"Article W06411; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007546","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba300e4b08c986b31faee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035288,"text":"70035288 - 2009 - Migratory patterns and population structure among breeding and wintering red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and common mergansers (M. merganser)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:15:02","indexId":"70035288","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory patterns and population structure among breeding and wintering red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and common mergansers (M. merganser)","docAbstract":"Philopatry has long been assumed to structure populations of waterfowl and other species of birds genetically, especially via maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), yet other migratory behaviors and nesting ecology (use of ground vs. cavity sites) may also contribute to population genetic structure. We investigated the effects of migration and nesting ecology on the population genetic structure of two Holarctic waterfowl, the Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) and Common Merganser (M. merganser), using mtDNA control-region sequence data. Red-breasted Mergansers (a ground-nesting species) exhibited lower levels of population differentiation across their North American range, possibly as a result of post-Pleistocene range expansion and population growth. By contrast, Common Mergansers (a cavity-nesting species) breeding in western and eastern North America were strongly differentiated, as were continental groups in North America and Europe. Our hypothesis that population differentiation of breeding female Common Mergansers results from limited migration during non-breeding periods was not supported, in that equally heterogeneous mtDNA lineages were observed in males and females on several wintering areas. The interspecific differences in mtDNA patterns for these two closely related species may have resulted from factors related to nesting ecology (ground vs. cavity nesting) and responses to historical climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.08182","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., McCracken, K.G., Christensen, T.K., and Zhuravlev, Y., 2009, Migratory patterns and population structure among breeding and wintering red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and common mergansers (M. merganser): The Auk, v. 126, no. 4, p. 784-798, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08182.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"798","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a572ae4b0c8380cd6dacf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCracken, K. G.","contributorId":7431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"K.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Thomas K.","contributorId":69381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6963,"text":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhuravlev, Y.N.","contributorId":82149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuravlev","given":"Y.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034711,"text":"70034711 - 2009 - Coal-to-liquids: Potential impact on U.S. coal reserves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034711","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coal-to-liquids: Potential impact on U.S. coal reserves","docAbstract":"The production of liquid fuels from coal will very likely become an important part of the hydrocarbon energy mix of the future, provided that technical and environmental obstacles are overcome economically. The coal industry should be able to handle a coal-to-liquids (CTL) industry of modest size, using 60-70 million short tons or 54-64 million metric tonnes of coal per annum, without premature depletion of the country's coal reserves. However, attempts to use CTL technology to replace all petroleum imports would deplete the nation's coal reserves by the end of the century. ?? 2009 U.S. Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-009-9093-1","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Milici, R.C., 2009, Coal-to-liquids: Potential impact on U.S. coal reserves: Natural Resources Research, v. 18, no. 2, p. 85-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9093-1.","startPage":"85","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9093-1"},{"id":243702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f76ce4b0c8380cd4caec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milici, R. C.","contributorId":58688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034472,"text":"70034472 - 2009 - Seed dispersal and seedling emergence in a created and a natural salt marsh on the Gulf of Mexico coast in Southwest Louisiana, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034472","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed dispersal and seedling emergence in a created and a natural salt marsh on the Gulf of Mexico coast in Southwest Louisiana, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Early regeneration dynamics related to seed dispersal and seedling emergence can contribute to differences in species composition among a created and a natural salt marsh. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether aquatic and aerial seed dispersal differed in low and high elevations within a created marsh and a natural marsh and (2) whether seedling emergence was influenced by marsh, the presence of openings in the vegetation, and seed availability along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. Aerial seed traps captured a greater quantity of seeds than aquatic traps. Several factors influenced aquatic and aerial seed dispersal in a created and a natural salt marsh, including distance from the marsh edge, cover of existing vegetation, and water depth. The natural marsh had a high seed density of Spartina alterniflora and Distichlis spicata, the low-elevation created marsh had a high seed density of S. alterniflora, and the high-elevation created marsh had a high seed density of Aster subulatus and Iva frutescens. The presence of adult plants and water depth above the marsh surface influenced seed density. In the natural marsh, openings in vegetation increased seedling emergence for all species, whereas in the low-elevation created marsh, S. alterniflora had higher seedling density under a canopy of vegetation. According to the early regeneration dynamics, the future vegetation in areas of the low-elevation created marsh may become similar to that in the natural marsh. In the high-elevation created marsh, vegetation may be upland fringe habitat dominated by high-elevation marsh shrubs and annual herbaceous species. ?? 2009 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00398.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Elsey-Quirk, T., Middleton, B., and Proffitt, C., 2009, Seed dispersal and seedling emergence in a created and a natural salt marsh on the Gulf of Mexico coast in Southwest Louisiana, U.S.A: Restoration Ecology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 422-432, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00398.x.","startPage":"422","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00398.x"},{"id":243592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8abde4b08c986b317348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elsey-Quirk, T.","contributorId":107959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsey-Quirk","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Proffitt, C.E. 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":47339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034745,"text":"70034745 - 2009 - An adaptive strategy for reducing feral cat predation on endangered Hawaiian birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T13:44:35.516379","indexId":"70034745","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2984,"text":"Pacific Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An adaptive strategy for reducing feral cat predation on endangered Hawaiian birds","docAbstract":"Despite the long history of Feral Cats Felis catus in Hawai'i, there has been little research to provide strategies to improve control programmes and reduce depredation on endangered species. Our objective Was to develop a predictive model to determine how landscape features on Mauna Kea, such as habitat, elevation, and proximity to roads, may affect the number of Feral Cats captured at each trap. We used log-link generalized linear models and QAIC c model ranking criteria to determine the effect of these factors. We found that The number of cats captured per trap Was related to effort, habitat type, and Whether traps Were located on The West or North Slope of Mauna Kea. We recommend an adaptive management strategy to minimize trapping interference by non-target Small Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus with toxicants, to focus trapping efforts in M??mane Sophora chrysophylla habitat on the West slope of Mauna Kea, and to cluster traps near others that have previously captured multiple cats.","language":"English","publisher":"Csiro Publishing","doi":"10.1071/pc090056","issn":"10382097","usgsCitation":"Hess, S., Banko, P., and Hansen, H., 2009, An adaptive strategy for reducing feral cat predation on endangered Hawaiian birds: Pacific Conservation Biology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 56-64, https://doi.org/10.1071/pc090056.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawai'i Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.1981201171875,\n 18.802318121688117\n ],\n [\n -154.7698974609375,\n 18.802318121688117\n ],\n [\n -154.7698974609375,\n 20.370377256347663\n ],\n [\n -156.1981201171875,\n 20.370377256347663\n ],\n [\n -156.1981201171875,\n 18.802318121688117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e2e4b0c8380cd484e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, S.C. 0000-0001-6403-9922","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9922","contributorId":86081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banko, P.C. 0000-0002-6035-9803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":99531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, H.","contributorId":76443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034917,"text":"70034917 - 2009 - Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:31:00","indexId":"70034917","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks","docAbstract":"We conducted a natural resource assessment at two national parks, New River Gorge National River and Shenandoah National Park, to help meet the goals of the Natural Resource Challenge-a program to help strengthen natural resource management at national parks. We met this challenge by synthesizing and interpreting natural resource information for planning purposes and we identified information gaps and natural significance of resources. We identified a variety of natural resources at both parks as being globally and/or nationally significant, including large expanses of unfragmented, mixed-mesophytic forests that qualify for wilderness protection, rare plant communities, diverse assemblages of neotropical migratory birds and salamanders, and outstanding aquatic recreational resources. In addition, these parks function, in part, as ecological reserves for plants in and wildlife. With these significant natural resources in mind, we also developed a suite of natural resource management recommendations in light of increasing threats from within and outside park boundaries. We hope that our approach can provide a blueprint for natural resource conservation at publicly owned lands.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Mahan, C., Vanderhorst, J., and Young, J., 2009, Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1301-1312, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1301","endPage":"1312","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x"},{"id":243559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6355e4b0c8380cd72437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahan, C.G.","contributorId":105934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderhorst, J.P.","contributorId":82939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhorst","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":448317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}