{"pageNumber":"2086","pageRowStart":"52125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70035313,"text":"70035313 - 2009 - Can footwall unloading explain late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada crest?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035313","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can footwall unloading explain late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada crest?","docAbstract":"Globally, normal-fault displacement bends and warps rift flanks upwards, as adjoining basins drop downwards. Perhaps the most evident manifestations are the flanks of the East African Rift, which cuts across the otherwise minimally deformed continent. Flank uplift was explained by Vening Meinesz (1950, Institut Royal Colonial Belge, Bulletin des Seances, v. 21, p. 539-552), who recognized that isostasy should cause uplift of a normal-faulted footwall and subsidence of its hanging wall. Uplift occurs because slip on a dipping normal fault creates a broader root of less-dense material beneath the footwall, and a narrowed one beneath the hanging wall. In this paper, we investigate the potential influence of this process on the latest stages of Sierra Nevada uplift. Through theoretical calculations and 3D finite element modelling, we find that cumulative slip of about 4km on range-front faults would have produced about 1.3km peak isostatic uplift at the ridge crest. Numerical models suggest that the zone of uplift is narrow, with the width controlled by bending resistance of the seismogenic crust. We conclude that footwall unloading cannot account for the entire elevation of the Sierran crest above sea level, but if range-front faulting initiated in an already elevated plateau like the adjacent Basin and Range Province, then a hybrid model of pre-existing regional uplift and localized footwall unloading can account for the older and newer uplift phases suggested by the geologic record.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geology Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00206810903059156","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Thompson, G.A., and Parsons, T., 2009, Can footwall unloading explain late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada crest?: International Geology Review, v. 51, no. 9-11, p. 986-993, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810903059156.","startPage":"986","endPage":"993","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810903059156"},{"id":243235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f334e4b0c8380cd4b66b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, G. A.","contributorId":90332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036914,"text":"70036914 - 2009 - A regional soil and sediment geochemical study in northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036914","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional soil and sediment geochemical study in northern California","docAbstract":"Regional-scale variations in soil geochemistry were investigated in a 20,000-km<sup>2</sup> study area in northern California that includes the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, the southern Sacramento Valley and the northern Coast Ranges. Over 1300 archival soil samples collected from the late 1970s to 1980 in El Dorado, Placer, Sutter, Sacramento, Yolo and Solano counties were analyzed for 42 elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry following a near-total dissolution. These data were supplemented by analysis of more than 500 stream-sediment samples from higher elevations in the Sierra Nevada from the same study site. The relatively high-density data (1 sample per 15 km<sup>2</sup> for much of the study area) allows the delineation of regional geochemical patterns and the identification of processes that produced these patterns. The geochemical results segregate broadly into distinct element groupings whose distribution reflects the interplay of geologic, hydrologic, geomorphic and anthropogenic factors. One such group includes elements associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks including Cr, Ni, V, Co, Cu and Mg. Using Cr as an example, elevated concentrations occur in soils overlying ultramafic rocks in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada (median Cr = 160 mg/kg) as well as in the northern Coast Ranges. Low concentrations of these elements occur in soils located further upslope in the Sierra Nevada overlying Tertiary volcanic, metasedimentary and plutonic rocks (granodiorite and diorite). Eastern Sacramento Valley soil samples, defined as those located east of the Sacramento River, are lower in Cr (median Cr = 84 mg/kg), and are systematically lower in this suite compared to soils from the west side of the Sacramento Valley (median Cr = 130 mg/kg). A second group of elements showing a coherent pattern, including Ca, K, Sr and REE, is derived from relatively silicic rocks types. This group occurs at elevated concentrations in soils overlying volcanic and plutonic rocks at higher elevations in the Sierras (e.g. median La = 28 mg/kg) and the east side of the Sacramento Valley (median 20 mg/kg) compared to soils overlying ultramafic rocks in the Sierra Nevada foothills (median 15 mg/kg) and the western Sacramento Valley (median 14 mg/kg). The segregation of soil geochemistry into distinctive groupings across the Sacramento River arises from the former presence of a natural levee (now replaced by an artificial one) along the banks of the river. This levee has been a barrier to sediment transport. Sediment transport to the Valley by glacial outwash from higher elevations in the Sierra Nevada and, more recently, debris from placer Au mining has dominated sediment transport to the eastern Valley. High content of mafic elements (and low content of silicic elements) in surface soil in the west side of the valley is due to a combination of lack of silicic source rocks, transport of ultramafic rock material from the Coast Ranges, and input of sediment from the late Mesozoic Great Valley Group, which is itself enriched in mafic elements. A third group of elements (Zn, Cd, As and Cu) reflect the impact of mining activity. Soil with elevated content of these elements occurs along the Sacramento River in both levee and adjacent flood basin settings. It is interpreted that transport of sediment down the Sacramento River from massive sulfide mines in the Klamath Mountains to the north has caused this pattern. The Pb, and to some extent Zn, distribution patterns are strongly impacted by anthropogenic inputs. Elevated Pb content is localized in major cites and along major highways due to inputs from leaded gasoline. Zinc has a similar distribution pattern but the source is tire wear.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.018","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Goldhaber, M., Morrison, J., Holloway, J., Wanty, R., Helsel, D., and Smith, D.B., 2009, A regional soil and sediment geochemical study in northern California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1482-1499, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.018.","startPage":"1482","endPage":"1499","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.018"},{"id":245561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e543e4b0c8380cd46c47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, J.M.","contributorId":9063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035217,"text":"70035217 - 2009 - Silt and gas accumulation beneath an artificial recharge spreading basin, Southwestern Utah, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035217","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1065,"text":"Boletin Geologico y Minero","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silt and gas accumulation beneath an artificial recharge spreading basin, Southwestern Utah, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Sand Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Utah, USA, is operated for both surface-water storage and artificial recharge to the underlying Navajo Sandstone. The total volume of estimated artificial recharge between 2002 and 2007 is 85 million cubic meters (69,000 acre-feet). Since 2002, artificial recharge rates have generally been declining and are inversely correlated with the increasing surface area of the reservoir. Permeability testing of core samples retrieved from beneath the reservoir indicates that this decline may not be due to silt accumulation. Artificial recharge rates also show much seasonal variability. Calculations of apparent intrinsic permeability show that these variations can only partly be explained by variation in water viscosity associated with seasonal changes in water temperature. Sporadic seasonal trends in recharge rates and intrinsic permeability during 2002-2004 could be associated with the large fluctuations in reservoir elevation and wetted area. From 2005 through 2007, the reservoir was mostly full and there has been a more consistent seasonal pattern of minimum recharge rates during the summer and maximum rates during the autumn. Total dissolved-gas pressure measurements indicate the presence of biogenic gas bubbles in the shallow sediments beneath the shallower parts of Sand Hollow Reservoir when the water is warmer. Permeability reduction associated with this gas clogging may contribute to the decrease in artificial recharge rates during the spring and summer, with a subsequently increasing recharge rates in the autumn associated with a decline in volume of gas bubbles. Other possible causes for seasonal variation in artificial recharge rates require further investigation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Boletin Geologico y Minero","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03660176","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V., Solomon, D.K., and Ortiz, G., 2009, Silt and gas accumulation beneath an artificial recharge spreading basin, Southwestern Utah, U.S.A.: Boletin Geologico y Minero, v. 120, no. 2, p. 185-196.","startPage":"185","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f3ae4b08c986b318de0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ortiz, G.","contributorId":34740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034834,"text":"70034834 - 2009 - The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:24:58","indexId":"70034834","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California","docAbstract":"In order to explore the reasons for the apparent discrepancy between laboratory and field weathering rates and to determine the extent to which weathering rates are controlled by the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium, secondary mineral precipitation, and flow rates, a multicomponent reactive transport model (CrunchFlow) was used to interpret soil profile development and mineral precipitation and dissolution rates at the 226 ka Marine Terrace Chronosequence near Santa Cruz, CA. Aqueous compositions, fluid chemistry, transport, and mineral abundances are well characterized [White A. F., Schulz M. S., Vivit D. V., Blum A., Stonestrom D. A. and Anderson S. P. (2008) Chemical weathering of a Marine Terrace Chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California. I: interpreting the long-term controls on chemical weathering based on spatial and temporal element and mineral distributions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72 (1), 36-68] and were used to constrain the reaction rates for the weathering and precipitating minerals in the reactive transport modeling. When primary mineral weathering rates are calculated with either of two experimentally determined rate constants, the nonlinear, parallel rate law formulation of Hellmann and Tisserand [Hellmann R. and Tisserand D. (2006) Dissolution kinetics as a function of the Gibbs free energy of reaction: An experimental study based on albite feldspar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70 (2), 364-383] or the aluminum inhibition model proposed by Oelkers et al. [Oelkers E. H., Schott J. and Devidal J. L. (1994) The effect of aluminum, pH, and chemical affinity on the rates of aluminosilicate dissolution reactions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58 (9), 2011-2024], modeling results are consistent with field-scale observations when independently constrained clay precipitation rates are accounted for. Experimental and field rates, therefore, can be reconciled at the Santa Cruz site. Additionally, observed maximum clay abundances in the argillic horizons occur at the depth and time where the reaction fronts of the primary minerals overlap. The modeling indicates that the argillic horizon at Santa Cruz can be explained almost entirely by weathering of primary minerals and in situ clay precipitation accompanied by undersaturation of kaolinite at the top of the profile. The rate constant for kaolinite precipitation was also determined based on model simulations of mineral abundances and dissolved Al, SiO<sub>2</sub>(aq) and pH in pore waters. Changes in the rate of kaolinite precipitation or the flow rate do not affect the gradient of the primary mineral weathering profiles, but instead control the rate of propagation of the primary mineral weathering fronts and thus total mass removed from the weathering profile. Our analysis suggests that secondary clay precipitation is as important as aqueous transport in governing the amount of dissolution that occurs within a profile because clay minerals exert a strong control over the reaction affinity of the dissolving primary minerals. The modeling also indicates that the weathering advance rate and the total mass of mineral dissolved is controlled by the thermodynamic saturation of the primary dissolving phases plagioclase and K-feldspar, as is evident from the difference in propagation rates of the reaction fronts for the two minerals despite their very similar kinetic rate laws. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.030","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Maher, K., Steefel, C., White, A.F., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2009, The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 10, p. 2804-2831, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.030.","startPage":"2804","endPage":"2831","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476121,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/951793","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215846,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.030"},{"id":243677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf90e4b08c986b3248ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maher, K.","contributorId":17046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maher","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steefel, Carl","contributorId":66932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steefel","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036976,"text":"70036976 - 2009 - Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky, USA: I. Weathering zones defined by mineralogy and major-element composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036976","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky, USA: I. Weathering zones defined by mineralogy and major-element composition","docAbstract":"Comprehensive understanding of chemical and mineralogical changes induced by weathering is valuable information when considering the supply of nutrients and toxic elements from rocks. Here minerals that release and fix major elements during progressive weathering of a bed of Devonian New Albany Shale in eastern Kentucky are documented. Samples were collected from unweathered core (parent shale) and across an outcrop excavated into a hillside 40 year prior to sampling. Quantitative X-ray diffraction mineralogical data record progressive shale alteration across the outcrop. Mineral compositional changes reflect subtle alteration processes such as incongruent dissolution and cation exchange. Altered primary minerals include K-feldspars, plagioclase, calcite, pyrite, and chlorite. Secondary minerals include jarosite, gypsum, goethite, amorphous Fe(III) oxides and Fe(II)-Al sulfate salt (efflorescence). The mineralogy in weathered shale defines four weathered intervals on the outcrop-Zones A-C and soil. Alteration of the weakly weathered shale (Zone A) is attributed to the 40-a exposure of the shale. In this zone, pyrite oxidization produces acid that dissolves calcite and attacks chlorite, forming gypsum, jarosite, and minor efflorescent salt. The pre-excavation, active weathering front (Zone B) is where complete pyrite oxidation and alteration of feldspar and organic matter result in increased permeability. Acidic weathering solutions seep through the permeable shale and evaporate on the surface forming abundant efflorescent salt, jarosite and minor goethite. Intensely weathered shale (Zone C) is depleted in feldspars, chlorite, gypsum, jarosite and efflorescent salts, but has retained much of its primary quartz, illite and illite-smectite. Goethite and amorphous FE(III) oxides increase due to hydrolysis of jarosite. Enhanced permeability in this zone is due to a 14% loss of the original mass in parent shale. Denudation rates suggest that characteristics of Zone C were acquired over 1 Ma. Compositional differences between soil and Zone C are largely attributed to illuvial processes, formation of additional Fe(III) oxides and incorporation of modern organic matter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.021","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., and Breit, G.N., 2009, Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky, USA: I. Weathering zones defined by mineralogy and major-element composition: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1549-1564, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.021.","startPage":"1549","endPage":"1564","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.021"},{"id":245686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfb9e4b08c986b32ea80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M.L.W.","contributorId":11812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034794,"text":"70034794 - 2009 - The timing of eclogite facies metamorphism and migmatization in the Orlica–Śnieżnik complex, Bohemian Massif: Constraints from a multimethod geochronological study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T09:24:12","indexId":"70034794","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2389,"text":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of eclogite facies metamorphism and migmatization in the Orlica–Śnieżnik complex, Bohemian Massif: Constraints from a multimethod geochronological study","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Orlica&ndash;Śnieżnik complex (OSC) is a key geological element of the eastern Variscides and mainly consists of amphibolite facies orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks. Sporadic occurrences of eclogites and granulites record high-pressure (HP) to ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic conditions. A multimethod geochronological approach (</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar&ndash;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar, Rb&ndash;Sr, Sm&ndash;Nd, U&ndash;Pb) has been used to gain further insights into the polymetamorphic evolution of eclogites and associated country rocks. Special attention was given to the unresolved significance of a 370- to 360&nbsp;Ma age group that was repeatedly described in previous studies. Efforts to verify the accuracy of&nbsp;</span><i>c.</i><span>370&nbsp;Ma K&ndash;Ar phengite and biotite dates reported for an eclogite and associated country-rock gneiss from the location Nowa Wieś suggest that these dates are meaningless, due to contamination with extraneous Ar. Extraneous Ar is also considered to be responsible for a significantly older&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar&ndash;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar phengite date of&nbsp;</span><i>c.</i><span>&nbsp;455&nbsp;Ma for an eclogite from the location Wojtowka. Attempts to further substantiate the importance of 370&ndash;360&nbsp;Ma zircon dates as an indicator for a melt-forming high-temperature (HT) episode did not provide evidence in support of anatectic processes at this time. Instead, SHRIMP U&ndash;Pb zircon dating of leucosomes and leucocratic veins within both orthogneisses and (U)HP granulites revealed two age populations (490&ndash;450 and 345&ndash;330&nbsp;Ma respectively) that correspond to protolith ages of the magmatic precursors and late Variscan anatexis. The results of this study further underline the importance of Late Carboniferous metamorphic processes for the evolution of the OSC that comprise the waning stages of HP metamorphism and lower pressure HT overprinting with partial melting. Eclogites and their country rocks provided no chronometric evidence for an UHP and ultrahigh-temperature episode at 387&ndash;360&nbsp;Ma, as recently suggested for granulites from the OSC, based on Lu&ndash;Hf garnet ages (</span><a class=\"referenceLink\" title=\"Link to bibliographic citation\" rel=\"references:#b1\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00823.x/full#b1\">Anczkiewicz&nbsp;<i>et&nbsp;al.</i>, 2007</a><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00823.x","issn":"02634929","usgsCitation":"Brocker, M., Klemd, R., Cosca, M., Brock, W., Larionov, A., and Rodionov, N., 2009, The timing of eclogite facies metamorphism and migmatization in the Orlica–Śnieżnik complex, Bohemian Massif: Constraints from a multimethod geochronological study: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 385-403, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00823.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"403","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215701,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00823.x"}],"country":"Czech Republic, Poland","otherGeospatial":"Orlica-Snieznik complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              16.58935546875,\n              50.078294547389426\n            ],\n            [\n              16.58935546875,\n              50.47848271564207\n            ],\n            [\n              17.24853515625,\n              50.47848271564207\n            ],\n            [\n              17.24853515625,\n              50.078294547389426\n            ],\n            [\n              16.58935546875,\n              50.078294547389426\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb101e4b08c986b3251b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocker, M.","contributorId":32007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemd, R.","contributorId":43192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemd","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosca, M. 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":107417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, W.","contributorId":28093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larionov, A.N.","contributorId":91708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larionov","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodionov, N.","contributorId":60873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodionov","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034979,"text":"70034979 - 2009 - Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A case study of the Yukon River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:50:56","indexId":"70034979","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A case study of the Yukon River, Alaska","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>The quality and quantity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported by Arctic rivers is known to vary with hydrology and this exported material plays a fundamental role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon at high latitudes. We highlight the potential of optical measurements to examine DOM quality across the hydrograph in Arctic rivers. Furthermore, we establish chromophoric DOM (CDOM) relationships to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and lignin phenols in the Yukon River and model DOC and lignin loads from CDOM measurements, the former in excellent agreement with long‐term DOC monitoring data. Intensive sampling across the historically under‐sampled spring flush period highlights the importance of this time for total export of DOC and particularly lignin. Calculated riverine DOC loads to the Arctic Ocean show an increase from previous estimates, especially when new higher discharge data are incorporated. Increased DOC loads indicate decreased residence times for terrigenous DOM in the Arctic Ocean with important implications for the reactivity and export of this material to the Atlantic Ocean.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GL036831","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R., Aiken, G., Butler, K., Dornblaser, M., Striegl, R.G., and Hernes, P., 2009, Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A case study of the Yukon River, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 6, L06401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036831.","productDescription":"L06401","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215263,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036831"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0dfe4b08c986b32a381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, R.G.M.","contributorId":60361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, K.D.","contributorId":41236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dornblaser, M.M.","contributorId":38765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":448677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033171,"text":"70033171 - 2009 - Can pelagic forage fish and spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) biomass in the western arm of Lake Superior be assessed with a single summer survey?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033171","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can pelagic forage fish and spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) biomass in the western arm of Lake Superior be assessed with a single summer survey?","docAbstract":"Management efforts to rehabilitate lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior have been successful and the recent increase in their numbers has led to interest in measuring biomass of pelagic prey fish species important to these predators. Lake Superior cisco Coregonus artedi currently support roe fisheries and determining the sustainability of these fisheries is an important management issue. We conducted acoustic and midwater trawl surveys of the western arm of Lake Superior during three periods: summer (July-August), October, and November 2006 to determine if a single survey can be timed to estimate biomass of both prey fish and spawning cisco. We evaluated our methods by comparing observed trawl catches of small (<250 mm total length) and large fish to expected trawl catches based on acoustic densities in the trawl path. We found the relationship between observed and expected catches approached unity over a wide range of densities, suggesting that our acoustic method provided reasonable estimates of fish density, and that midwater trawling methods were free of species- and size-selectivity issues. Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax was by number the most common species captured in the nearshore (<80 m bathymetric depth) stratum during all three surveys, while kiyi Coregonus kiyi was predominant offshore except during November. Total biomass estimates of rainbow smelt in the western arm were similar during all three surveys, while total biomass of kiyi was similar between summer and October, but was lower in November. Total biomass of large cisco increased substantially in November, while small bloater Coregonus hoyi biomass was lower. We compared our summer 2006 estimates of total fish biomass to the results of a summer survey in 1997 and obtained similar results. We conclude that the temporal window for obtaining biomass estimates of pelagic prey species in the western arm of Lake Superior is wide (July through October), but estimating spawning cisco abundance is best done with a November survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.012","issn":"01657","usgsCitation":"Yule, D., Stockwell, J., Schreiner, D., Evrard, L., Balge, M., and Hrabik, T., 2009, Can pelagic forage fish and spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) biomass in the western arm of Lake Superior be assessed with a single summer survey?: Fisheries Research, v. 96, no. 1, p. 39-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.012.","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.012"},{"id":241017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f337e4b0c8380cd4b687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreiner, D.R.","contributorId":70571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evrard, L.M.","contributorId":22554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balge, M.","contributorId":105920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balge","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hrabik, T.R.","contributorId":95250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hrabik","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035155,"text":"70035155 - 2009 - Diet and body mass of wintering ducks in adjacent brackish and freshwater habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet and body mass of wintering ducks in adjacent brackish and freshwater habitats","docAbstract":"Field-collected and hunter-donated ducks obtained during September-January of 1997-98 and 1998-99 were used to determine if food habits and body mass of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) and Mallards (A. platyrhynchos) wintering in Suisun Marsh (Suisun), California, a managed estuarine brackish marsh, differed from values in the adjacent Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (the Delta), a freshwater region of grain fields flooded after harvest. Ducks in Suisun fed primarily on seeds of Sea Purslane (Sesuvium verrucosum), followed by Alkali Bulrush (Schoenoplectus maritimus) and Wild Millet (Echinochloa crusgalli), together forming 73-90% (aggregate % dry mass) of the diets. Ducks in the Delta fed primarily on seeds of Smartweed (Polygonum spp.), followed by corn (Zea mays) and tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum), together forming 62-88% of the diets. Pintails and Mallards collected in Suisun each had similar (5 of 11 seasonal comparisons) or greater (6 of the 11 comparisons) body mass compared to their conspecifics collected from the Delta (90% confidence interval analyses), despite a composite diet in the Delta having about 39% greater metabolizable energy content (ME) and 24% greater protein content than in Suisun. Therefore, diet quality alone was not a predictor of body mass in these two areas. Other factors must have been involved, such as greater food abundance and density, lower waterfowl abundance and density, or lower daily energy costs in Suisun. Direct measurement of these factors should explain the apparent inconsistencies in body mass relative to food quality in these brackish and freshwater habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0302","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Burns, E., Wickland, B., and Eadie, J., 2009, Diet and body mass of wintering ducks in adjacent brackish and freshwater habitats: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 3, p. 374-387, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0302.","startPage":"374","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476180,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0302"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00cae4b0c8380cd4f907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, E.G.","contributorId":79723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, B.E.","contributorId":100216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036622,"text":"70036622 - 2009 - Meeting reproductive demands in a dynamic upwelling system: Foraging strategies of a pursuit-diving seabird, the marbled murrelet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70036622","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meeting reproductive demands in a dynamic upwelling system: Foraging strategies of a pursuit-diving seabird, the marbled murrelet","docAbstract":"Seabirds maintain plasticity in their foraging behavior to cope with energy demands and foraging constraints that vary over the reproductive cycle, but behavioral studies comparing breeding and nonbreeding individuals are rare. Here we characterize how Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) adjust their foraging effort in response to changes in reproductive demands in an upwelling system in central California. We radio-marked 32 murrelets of known reproductive status (9 breeders, 12 potential breeders, and 11 nonbreeders) and estimated both foraging ranges and diving rates during the breeding season. Murrelets spent more time diving during upwelling than oceanographic relaxation, increased their foraging ranges as the duration of relaxation grew longer, and reduced their foraging ranges after transitions to upwelling. When not incubating, murrelets moved in a circadian pattern, spending nighttime hours resting near flyways used to reach nesting habitat and foraging during the daytime an average of 5.7 km (SD 6.7 km) from nighttime locations. Breeders foraged close to nesting habitat once they initiated nesting and nest attendance was at a maximum, and then resumed traveling longer distances following the completion of nesting. Nonbreeders had similar nighttime and daytime distributions and tended to be located farther from inland flyways. Breeders increased the amount of time they spent diving by 71-73% when they had an active nest by increasing the number of dives rather than by increasing the frequency of anaerobiosis. Thus, to meet reproductive demands during nesting, murrelets adopted a combined strategy of reducing energy expended commuting to foraging sites and increasing aerobic dive rates. ?? 2009 by The Cooper Ornithological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080094","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Peery, M., Newman, S.H., Storlazzi, C., and Beissinger, S., 2009, Meeting reproductive demands in a dynamic upwelling system: Foraging strategies of a pursuit-diving seabird, the marbled murrelet: Condor, v. 111, no. 1, p. 120-134, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080094.","startPage":"120","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476298,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080094"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5384e4b0c8380cd6cb30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peery, M.Z.","contributorId":52818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peery","given":"M.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beissinger, S. R.","contributorId":10110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beissinger","given":"S. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035827,"text":"70035827 - 2009 - Large, high-intensity fire events in Southern California shrublands: Debunking the fine-grain age patch model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035827","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large, high-intensity fire events in Southern California shrublands: Debunking the fine-grain age patch model","docAbstract":"We evaluate the fine-grain age patch model of fire regimes in southern California shrublands. Proponents contend that the historical condition was characterized by frequent small to moderate size, slow-moving smoldering fires, and that this regime has been disrupted by fire suppression activities that have caused unnatural fuel accumulation and anomalously large and catastrophic wildfires. A review of more than 100 19th-century newspaper reports reveals that large, high-intensity wildfires predate modern fire suppression policy, and extensive newspaper coverage plus first-hand accounts support the conclusion that the 1889 Santiago Canyon Fire was the largest fire in California history. Proponents of the fine-grain age patch model contend that even the very earliest 20th-century fires were the result of fire suppression disrupting natural fuel structure. We tested that hypothesis and found that, within the fire perimeters of two of the largest early fire events in 1919 and 1932, prior fire suppression activities were insufficient to have altered the natural fuel structure. Over the last 130 years there has been no significant change in the incidence of large fires greater than 10000 ha, consistent with the conclusion that fire suppression activities are not the cause of these fire events. Eight megafires (???50 000 ha) are recorded for the region, and half have occurred in the last five years. These burned through a mosaic of age classes, which raises doubts that accumulation of old age classes explains these events. Extreme drought is a plausible explanation for this recent rash of such events, and it is hypothesized that these are due to droughts that led to increased dead fine fuels that promoted the incidence of firebrands and spot fires. A major shortcoming of the fine-grain age patch model is that it requires age-dependent flammability of shrubland fuels, but seral stage chaparral is dominated by short-lived species that create a dense surface layer of fine fuels. Results from the Behave Plus fire model with a custom fuel module for young chaparral shows that there is sufficient dead fuel to spread fire even under relatively little winds. Empirical studies of fuel ages burned in recent fires illustrate that young fuels often comprise a major portion of burned vegetation, and there is no difference between evergreen chaparral and semi-deciduous sage scrub. It has also been argued that the present-day fire size distribution in northern Baja California is a model of the historical patterns that were present on southern California landscapes. Applying this model with historical fire frequencies shows that the Baja model is inadequate to maintain these fire-prone ecosystems and further demonstrates that fire managers in southern California are not likely to learn much from studying modern Baja California fire regimes. Further supporting this conclusion are theoretical cellular automata models of fire spread, which show that, even in systems with age dependent flammability, landscapes evolve toward a complex age mosaic with a plausible age structure only when there is a severe stopping rule that constrains fire size, and only if ignitions are saturating. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0281.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Zedler, P., 2009, Large, high-intensity fire events in Southern California shrublands: Debunking the fine-grain age patch model: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 1, p. 69-94, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0281.1.","startPage":"69","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216256,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0281.1"},{"id":244117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a448ae4b0c8380cd66bbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zedler, P.H.","contributorId":82251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zedler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034975,"text":"70034975 - 2009 - ShakeCast: Caltrans deploys a tool for rapid postearthquake response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034975","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3515,"text":"TR News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ShakeCast: Caltrans deploys a tool for rapid postearthquake response","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"TR News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386826","usgsCitation":"Turner, L., Wald, D., and Lin, K., 2009, ShakeCast: Caltrans deploys a tool for rapid postearthquake response: TR News, no. 261, p. 40-41.","startPage":"40","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"261","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e0fe4b08c986b3186f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, L.L.","contributorId":30793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":37866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, K.-W.","contributorId":64775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"K.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035942,"text":"70035942 - 2009 - Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035942","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry","docAbstract":"The southern Alaskan syntaxis marks the spectacular junction between the >1000-km-long Pacific-North America transform margin and the Chugach-St. Elias belt, where subduction and terrane accretion drive rapid convergent deformation and rock uplift. New low-temperature thermochronometry reveals that intense orogenic deformation is not restricted to one side of the syntaxis but extends nearly 300 km south along the dextral Fairweather fault. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages as young as 0.9 and 2.0 Ma suggest maximum exhumation rates of nearly 2 mm/a in close proximity (<10 km) to the Fairweather fault and average exhumation rates of >0.5 mm/a along the entire plate margin. We estimate that long-term rock uplift accommodates ???3 mm/a of fault-normal convergence in this area. This suggests that the Fairweather fault is slightly transpressive and highly partitioned, analogous to the central San Andreas fault. This convergence only accounts for ???1/5 of the obliquity between Pacific plate motion and the continental margin, however, implying the deficit is taken up by 1-2 cm/a thrust-sinistral motion along the offshore Transition fault. Additionally, thermochronometry shows a marked increase in bedrock cooling coincident with onset of heavy glaciation, similar to what has been observed in other parts of the Pacific Northwest. The tectonically active Fairweather corridor is distinguished, however, by the magnitude of the acceleration and the depth of exhumation since Pliocene climate change. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007TC002240","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"McAleer, R., Spotila, J., Enkelmann, E., and Berger, A., 2009, Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry: Tectonics, v. 28, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002240.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476219,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007tc002240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002240"},{"id":243964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dade4b0c8380cd53134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAleer, R.J.","contributorId":45925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spotila, J.A.","contributorId":41163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotila","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enkelmann, E.","contributorId":27256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enkelmann","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger, A.L.","contributorId":19805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035265,"text":"70035265 - 2009 - Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035265","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?","docAbstract":"We combined microbial paleontology and molecular biology methods to study the Eyreville B drill core from the 35.3-Ma-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA. The investigated sample is a pyrite vein collected from the 1353.81- 1353.89 m depth interval, located within a section of biotite granite. The granite is a pre-impact rock that was disrupted by the impact event. A search for inorganic (mineral) biosignatures revealed the presence of micron-size rod morphologies of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) embedded in chlorite coatings on pyrite grains. Neither the Acridine Orange microbial probe nor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifi cation showed the presence of DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA) at the location of anatase rods, implying the absence of viable cells in the investigated area. A Nile Red microbial probe revealed the presence of lipids in the rods. Because most of the lipids are resistant over geologic time spans, they are good biomarkers, and they are an indicator of biogenicity for these possibly 35-Ma-old microbial fossils. The mineral assemblage suggests that rod morphologies are associated with low-temperature (&lt;100 ??C) hydrothermal alteration that involved aqueous fluids. The temporal constraints on the anatase fossils are still uncertain because pre-impact alteration of the granite and postimpact heating may have provided identical conditions for anatase precipitation and microbial preservation. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(42)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Glamoclija, M., Steele, A., Fries, M., Schieber, J., Voytek, M., and Cockell, C., 2009, Association of anatase (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 965-975, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(42).","startPage":"965","endPage":"975","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(42)"},{"id":242972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee90e4b0c8380cd49e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glamoclija, M.","contributorId":11434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glamoclija","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, A.","contributorId":76115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fries, M.","contributorId":40788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schieber, J.","contributorId":98134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schieber","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cockell, C.S.","contributorId":66830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockell","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032907,"text":"70032907 - 2009 - A lacustrine record from Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China: Implications for paleoclimate change during Late Pleistocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70032907","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lacustrine record from Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China: Implications for paleoclimate change during Late Pleistocene","docAbstract":"Climate variability during the Late Pleistocene is studied from the proxies in core CK-2 drilled from the Luobei Depression (91??03???E, 40??47???N), Lop Nur in the eastern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. Geophysical and geochemical properties, including magnetic susceptibility, granularity, chroma, carbonate content, loss on ignition and trace elements, have been determined to reconstruct the environmental evolution of the area during 32-9 ka BP. The chronology is established by uranium-thorium disequilibrium dating techniques. Our data suggest four paleoclimate stages, indicating glacial variations between cold-humid and warm-arid environments. A period of extreme humidity occurred during 31,900-19,200 yr BP is attributed the last glacial maximum (LGM). The period was followed by a warm-arid episode during 19,200-13,500 yr BP. Then a cold-humid interval during 13,500-12,700 yr BP may correspond to another cooling phases at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The last stage from 12,700 to 9000 yr BP has a trend that the climate turned warm and arid. The Lop Nur region is characterized by particularly humid stadials and arid interstadials. The climate variability in Lop Nur was constrained by global climate change because it is correlated with Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events, which were observed at the northern high latitudes. The synchroneity of the palaeoclimatic events suggested that cold air activity at the northern high latitudes was the most important factor that influenced the climate evolution in the Lop Nur region. A probable mechanism that involves the migration of westerly winds is proposed to interpret this synchroneity. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.03.011","issn":"13679","usgsCitation":"Chao, L., Zicheng, P., Dong, Y., Weiguo, L., Zhaofeng, Z., Jianfeng, H., and Chenlin, C., 2009, A lacustrine record from Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China: Implications for paleoclimate change during Late Pleistocene: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 1, p. 38-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.03.011.","startPage":"38","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213481,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.03.011"},{"id":241108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42fe4b0c8380cd46493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, L.","contributorId":74173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zicheng, P.","contributorId":80805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zicheng","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, Y.","contributorId":88158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiguo, L.","contributorId":63926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiguo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhaofeng, Z.","contributorId":88959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhaofeng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jianfeng, H.","contributorId":71393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jianfeng","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chenlin, C.","contributorId":103093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chenlin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034888,"text":"70034888 - 2009 - Environmental forcing on life history strategies: Evidence for multi-trophic level responses at ocean basin scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T16:08:45","indexId":"70034888","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental forcing on life history strategies: Evidence for multi-trophic level responses at ocean basin scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variation in life history traits of organisms is thought to reflect adaptations to environmental forcing occurring from bottom-up and top-down processes. Such variation occurs not only among, but also within species, indicating demographic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. From a broad literature review, we present evidence for ocean basin- and large marine ecosystem-scale variation in intra-specific life history traits, with similar responses occurring among trophic levels from relatively short-lived secondary producers to very long-lived apex predators. Between North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean basins, for example, species in the Eastern Pacific exhibited either later maturation, lower fecundity, and/or greater annual survival than conspecifics in the Western Atlantic. Parallel variations in life histories among trophic levels also occur in adjacent seas and between eastern vs. western ocean boundaries. For example, zooplankton and seabird species in cooler Barents Sea waters exhibit lower fecundity or greater annual survival than conspecifics in the Northeast Atlantic. Sea turtles exhibit a larger size and a greater reproductive output in the Western Pacific vs. Eastern Pacific. These examples provide evidence for food-web-wide modifications in life history strategies in response to environmental forcing. We hypothesize that such dichotomies result from frequency and amplitude shifts in resource availability over varying temporal and spatial scales. We review data that supports three primary mechanisms by which environmental forcing affects life history strategies: (1) food-web structure; (2) climate variability affecting the quantity and seasonality of primary productivity; (3) bottom-up vs. top-down forcing. These proposed mechanisms provide a framework for comparisons of ecosystem function among oceanic regions (or regimes) and are essential in modeling ecosystem response to climate change, as well as for creating dynamic ecosystem-based marine conservation strategies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.012","issn":"00796611","usgsCitation":"Suryan, R., Saba, V.S., Wallace, B.P., Hatch, S.A., Frederiksen, M., and Wanless, S., 2009, Environmental forcing on life history strategies: Evidence for multi-trophic level responses at ocean basin scales: Progress in Oceanography, v. 81, no. 1-4, p. 214-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c3e4b0c8380cd52059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saba, Vincent S.","contributorId":49098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saba","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Bryan P.","contributorId":45819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frederiksen, Morten","contributorId":96404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Morten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wanless, Sarah","contributorId":45446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanless","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034399,"text":"70034399 - 2009 - Twentieth-century decline of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034399","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twentieth-century decline of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"Studies of forest change in western North America often focus on increased densities of small-diameter trees rather than on changes in the large tree component. Large trees generally have lower rates of mortality than small trees and are more resilient to climate change, but these assumptions have rarely been examined in long-term studies. We combined data from 655 historical (1932-1936) and 210 modern (1988-1999) vegetation plots to examine changes in density of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park (3027 km<sup>2</sup>). We tested the assumption of stability for large-diameter trees, as both individual species and communities of large-diameter trees. Between the 1930s and 1990s, large-diameter tree density in Yosemite declined 24%. Although the decrease was apparent in all forest types, declines were greatest in subalpine and upper montane forests (57.0% of park area), and least in lower montane forests (15.3% of park area). Large-diameter tree densities of 11 species declined while only 3 species increased. Four general patterns emerged: (1) Pinus albicaulis, Quercus chrysolepis, and Quercus kelloggii had increases in density of large-diameter trees occur throughout their ranges; (2) Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, and Pinus ponderosa, had disproportionately larger decreases in large-diameter tree densities in lower-elevation portions of their ranges; (3) Abies concolor and Pinus contorta, had approximately uniform decreases in large-diameter trees throughout their elevational ranges; and (4) Abies magnifica, Calocedrus decurrens, Juniperus occidentalis, Pinus monticola, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Tsuga mertensiana displayed little or no change in large-diameter tree densities. In Pinus ponderosa-Calocedrus decurrens forests, modern large-diameter tree densities were equivalent whether or not plots had burned since 1936. However, in unburned plots, the large-diameter trees were predominantly A. concolor, C. decurrens, and Q. chrysolepis, whereas P. ponderosa dominated the large-diameter component of burned plots. Densities of large-diameter P. ponderosa were 8.1 trees ha<sup>-1</sup> in plots that had experienced fire, but only 0.5 trees ha<sup>-1</sup> in plots that remained unburned. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.009","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Lutz, J., van Wagtendonk, J., and Franklin, J., 2009, Twentieth-century decline of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park, California, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 257, no. 11, p. 2296-2307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.009.","startPage":"2296","endPage":"2307","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.009"},{"id":244885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb909e4b08c986b327b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutz, J.A.","contributorId":71792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franklin, J.F.","contributorId":56583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035960,"text":"70035960 - 2009 - Predation by fallfish (<i>Semotilus corporalis</i>) on Pacific salmon eggs in the Salmon River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T14:16:45","indexId":"70035960","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation by fallfish (<i>Semotilus corporalis</i>) on Pacific salmon eggs in the Salmon River, New York","docAbstract":"Fallfish (<i>Semotilus corporalis</i>) are the largest native cyprinid in the northeastern United States and are the most abundant native species in the Salmon River, New York. The Salmon River is a high-quality spawning and nursery river for Pacific salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus</i> spp.) migrating from Lake Ontario. Because of the large number of Pacific salmon spawning in the river in the fall extensive redd superimposition occurs resulting in salmonid eggs being available on the substrate. We examined the fall diet of 647 fallfish in 2007 and 2008 to determine the extent of predation on Pacific salmon eggs. The contribution of eggs in the diet significantly increased once fallfish attained a size of 100 mm total length. The largest size category of fallfish examined (≥150 mm) had the highest proportion (86.1%) of salmon eggs in their diet. The contribution of Zooplankton and chironomids in the diet of fallfish decreased with fish size. Except for the two largest groups of fallfish examined (i.e., 100–149 mm and ≥150 mm) diet overlap among size groups was low. The high contribution in the diet during the fall and high caloric value of Pacific salmon eggs could increase growth and survival of this species in the Salmon River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.001","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Nack, C., and Chalupnicki, M., 2009, Predation by fallfish (<i>Semotilus corporalis</i>) on Pacific salmon eggs in the Salmon River, New York: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 630-633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.001.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"633","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216445,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.001"},{"id":244315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.5 ], [ -79.76,45.0 ], [ -71.86,45.0 ], [ -71.86,40.5 ], [ -79.76,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8151e4b0c8380cd7b486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nack, C.C.","contributorId":56049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nack","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chalupnicki, M.A.","contributorId":37966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034266,"text":"70034266 - 2009 - Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:47:04","indexId":"70034266","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence","docAbstract":"Many national and regional groundwater studies have correlated land use \"near\" a well, often using a 500 m radius circle, with water quality. However, the use of a 500 m circle may seem counterintuitive given that contributing areas are expected to extend up-gradient from wells, and not be circular in shape. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a 500 m circle is adequate for assigning land use to a well for the statistical correlation between urban land use and the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Land use and VOC data came from 277 supply wells in four study areas in California. Land use was computed using ten different-sized circles and wedges (250 m to 10 km in radius), and three different-sized \"searchlights\" (1-2 km in length). We define these shapes as contributing area surrogates (CASs), recognizing that a simple shape is at best a surrogate for the actual contributing area. The presence or absence of correlation between land use and the occurrence of VOCs was evaluated using Kendall's tau (??). Values of ?? were within 10% of one another for wedges and circles ranging in size from 500 m to 2 km, with correlations remaining statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all CAS sizes and shapes, suggesting that a 500 m circular CAS is adequate for assigning land use to a well. Additional evaluation indicated that urban land use is autocorrelated at distances ranging from 8 to 36 km. Thus, urban land use in a 500 m CAS is likely to be predictive of urban land use in the actual contributing area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Belitz, K., 2009, Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence: Journal of Hydrology, v. 370, no. 1-4, p. 100-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056.","startPage":"100","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056"}],"volume":"370","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8be4b0c8380cd49dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, T.D.","contributorId":32744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035310,"text":"70035310 - 2009 - Factors influencing reporting and harvest probabilities in North American geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035310","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing reporting and harvest probabilities in North American geese","docAbstract":"We assessed variation in reporting probabilities of standard bands among species, populations, harvest locations, and size classes of North American geese to enable estimation of unbiased harvest probabilities. We included reward (US10,20,30,50, or100) and control (0) banded geese from 16 recognized goose populations of 4 species: Canada (Branta canadensis), cackling (B. hutchinsii), Ross's (Chen rossii), and snow geese (C. caerulescens). We incorporated spatially explicit direct recoveries and live recaptures into a multinomial model to estimate reporting, harvest, and band-retention probabilities. We compared various models for estimating harvest probabilities at country (United States vs. Canada), flyway (5 administrative regions), and harvest area (i.e., flyways divided into northern and southern sections) scales. Mean reporting probability of standard bands was 0.73 (95 CI 0.690.77). Point estimates of reporting probabilities for goose populations or spatial units varied from 0.52 to 0.93, but confidence intervals for individual estimates overlapped and model selection indicated that models with species, population, or spatial effects were less parsimonious than those without these effects. Our estimates were similar to recently reported estimates for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). We provide current harvest probability estimates for these populations using our direct measures of reporting probability, improving the accuracy of previous estimates obtained from recovery probabilities alone. Goose managers and researchers throughout North America can use our reporting probabilities to correct recovery probabilities estimated from standard banding operations for deriving spatially explicit harvest probabilities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2008-145","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, G., Moser, T., Kendall, W., Doherty, P., White, G.C., and Caswell, D., 2009, Factors influencing reporting and harvest probabilities in North American geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 5, p. 710-719, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-145.","startPage":"710","endPage":"719","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-145"},{"id":243170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec9e4b0c8380cd53613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, G.S.","contributorId":16126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moser, T.J.","contributorId":55116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caswell, D.F.","contributorId":7101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caswell","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035371,"text":"70035371 - 2009 - What you should know about land-cover data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:07:42","indexId":"70035371","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What you should know about land-cover data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wildlife biologists are using land-characteristics data sets for a variety of applications. Many kinds of landscape variables have been characterized and the resultant data sets or maps are readily accessible. Often, too little consideration is given to the accuracy or traits of these data sets, most likely because biologists do not know how such data are compiled and rendered, or the potential pitfalls that can be encountered when applying these data. To increase understanding of the nature of land-characteristics data sets, I introduce aspects of source information and data-handling methodology that include the following: ambiguity of land characteristics; temporal considerations and the dynamic nature of the landscape; type of source data versus landscape features of interest; data resolution, scale, and geographic extent; data entry and positional problems; rare landscape features; and interpreter variation. I also include guidance for determining the quality of land-characteristics data sets through metadata or published documentation, visual clues, and independent information. The quality or suitability of the data sets for wildlife applications may be improved with thematic or spatial generalization, avoidance of transitional areas on maps, and merging of multiple data sources. Knowledge of the underlying challenges in compiling such data sets will help wildlife biologists to better assess the strengths and limitations and determine how best to use these data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2007-509","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., 2009, What you should know about land-cover data: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 5, p. 796-805, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-509.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"796","endPage":"805","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-509"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd047e4b08c986b32ed7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032947,"text":"70032947 - 2009 - Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032947","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","docAbstract":"Saline waste waters from industrial and water treatment processes are an under-utilized resource in desert urban environments. Management practices to safely use these water sources are still in development. We used a deeprooted native halophyte, Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush), to absorb mildly saline effluent (1800 mg l-1 total dissolved solids, mainly sodium sulfate) from a water treatment plant in the desert community of Twentynine Palms, California. We developed a deficit irrigation strategy to avoid discharging water past the root zone to the aquifer. The plants were irrigated at about one-third the rate of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated from meteorological data over five years and soil moisture levels were monitored to a soil depth of 4.7 m at monthly intervals with a neutron hydroprobe. The deficit irrigation schedule maintained the soil below field capacity throughout the study. Water was presented on a more or less constant schedule, so that the application rates were less than ETo in summer and equal to or slightly greater than ETo in winter, but the plants were able to consume water stored in the profile in winter to support summer ET. Sodium salts gradually increased in the soil profile over the study but sulfate levels remained low, due to formation of gypsum in the calcic soil. The high salt tolerance, deep roots, and drought tolerance of desert halophytes such as A. lentiformis lend these plants to use as deficit-irrigated landscape plants for disposal of effluents in urban setting when protection of the aquifer is important. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008","issn":"01692","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Mckeon, C., Gerhart, V., Nagler, P., Jordan, F., and Artiola, J., 2009, Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008"},{"id":241216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe36e4b0c8380cd4ebc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mckeon, C.","contributorId":83342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckeon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerhart, V.","contributorId":71006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Artiola, J.","contributorId":82136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artiola","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037366,"text":"70037366 - 2009 - Organic geochemistry of resins from modern Agathis australis and Eocene resins from New Zealand: Diagenetic and taxonomic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037366","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic geochemistry of resins from modern Agathis australis and Eocene resins from New Zealand: Diagenetic and taxonomic implications","docAbstract":"A maturation series of resins and fossil resins from New Zealand, ranging in age from Modern to Eocene and ranging from uncoalified to high volatile C bituminous coal, were analyzed by elemental, pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC), Fourier Transform infrared (FTir), and solid-state <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>13</sup>C NMR) techniques. For comparison, four resin samples from the Latrobe Valley, Australia, were analyzed. All of the resins and fossil resins of this study show very high H/C atomic ratios, and are characterized by dominant peaks in the 10-60??ppm range of solid-state <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra and prominent bands in the aliphatic stretching region (2800-3000??cm<sup>- 1</sup>) of FTir spectra, all indicating a highly aliphatic molecular structure. The <sup>13</sup>C NMR and FTir data indicate a diterpenoid structure for these resins. There is an abrupt loss of oxygen that occurs at the Lignite A/Subbituminous C stage, which is attributed to a dramatic loss of carboxyl (COOH) from the diterpenoid molecule. This is a new finding in the diagenesis of resins. This important loss in oxygenated functional groups is attributed to a maturation change. Also, there is a progressive loss of exomethylene (CH<sub>2</sub>) groups with increasing degree of maturation, as shown by both <sup>13</sup>C NMR and FTir data. This change has been noted by previous investigators. Exomethylene is absent in the fossil resins from the Eocene high volatile C bituminous coals. This progressive loss is characteristic of Class I resinites. FTir data indicate that the oxygenated functional groups are strong in all the resin samples except the fossil resin from high volatile C bituminous coal. This important change in oxygenated functional groups is attributed to maturation changes. The <sup>13</sup>C NMR and FTir data indicate there are minor changes in the Agathis australis resin from the living tree and soil, which suggests that alteration of A. australis resins begins shortly after deposition in the soil for as little as 1000??years. The Morwell and Yallourn fossil resins from brown coal (lignite B) Australia do not have some of the FTir characteristics of the New Zealand resins, which most likely indicates they have a different plant source because different degrees of oxidation and weathering and changes due to fires (i.e., charring) can be ruled out. Our results have implications for studies of the maturation, provenance, and botanical sources of fossil resins and resinites in Eocene and Miocene coals and sediments of New Zealand and Australia. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.015","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Mastalerz, M., and Orem, W., 2009, Organic geochemistry of resins from modern Agathis australis and Eocene resins from New Zealand: Diagenetic and taxonomic implications: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 80, no. 1, p. 51-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.015.","startPage":"51","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.015"},{"id":245039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fbfe4b0c8380cd75c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035082,"text":"70035082 - 2009 - Search without boundaries, using simple APls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035082","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1316,"text":"Computers in Libraries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search without boundaries, using simple APls","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers in Libraries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10417915","usgsCitation":"Tong, Q., 2009, Search without boundaries, using simple APls: Computers in Libraries, v. 29, no. 6, p. 26-30.","startPage":"26","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8851e4b08c986b3168f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tong, Q.","contributorId":100215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tong","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035081,"text":"70035081 - 2009 - Survival of radio-implanted drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) in relation to body size and sex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035081","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of radio-implanted drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) in relation to body size and sex","docAbstract":"Drymarchon couperi (eastern indigo snake) has experienced population declines across its range primarily as a result of extensive habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. Conservation efforts for D. couperi have been hindered, in part, because of informational gaps regarding the species, including a lack of data on population ecology and estimates of demographic parameters such as survival. We conducted a 2- year radiotelemetry study of D. couperi on Fort Stewart Military Reservation and adjacent private lands located in southeastern Georgia to assess individual characteristics associated with probability of survival. We used known-fate modeling to estimate survival, and an information-theoretic approach, based on a priori hypotheses, to examine intraspecific differences in survival probabilities relative to individual covariates (sex, size, size standardized by sex, and overwintering location). Annual survival in 2003 and 2004 was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.73-0.97, n = 25) and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.52-0.86; n = 27), respectively. Results indicated that body size, standardized by sex, was the most important covariate determining survival of adult D. couperi, suggesting lower survival for larger individuals within each sex. We are uncertain of the mechanisms underlying this result, but possibilities may include greater resource needs for larger individuals within each sex, necessitating larger or more frequent movements, or a population with older individuals. Our results may also have been influenced by analysis limitations because of sample size, other sources of individual variation, or environmental conditions. ?? 2009 by The Herpetologists' League, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1655/08-004R1.1","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Hyslop, N., Meyers, J., Cooper, R., and Norton, T., 2009, Survival of radio-implanted drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) in relation to body size and sex: Herpetologica, v. 65, no. 2, p. 199-206, https://doi.org/10.1655/08-004R1.1.","startPage":"199","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1655/08-004R1.1"},{"id":243188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2dae4b08c986b31f9f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyslop, N.L.","contributorId":22066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyslop","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norton, Terry M.","contributorId":71020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Terry M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}