{"pageNumber":"2087","pageRowStart":"52150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70034917,"text":"70034917 - 2009 - Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:31:00","indexId":"70034917","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted a natural resource assessment at two national parks, New River Gorge National River and Shenandoah National Park, to help meet the goals of the Natural Resource Challenge-a program to help strengthen natural resource management at national parks. We met this challenge by synthesizing and interpreting natural resource information for planning purposes and we identified information gaps and natural significance of resources. We identified a variety of natural resources at both parks as being globally and/or nationally significant, including large expanses of unfragmented, mixed-mesophytic forests that qualify for wilderness protection, rare plant communities, diverse assemblages of neotropical migratory birds and salamanders, and outstanding aquatic recreational resources. In addition, these parks function, in part, as ecological reserves for plants in and wildlife. With these significant natural resources in mind, we also developed a suite of natural resource management recommendations in light of increasing threats from within and outside park boundaries. We hope that our approach can provide a blueprint for natural resource conservation at publicly owned lands.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Mahan, C., Vanderhorst, J., and Young, J., 2009, Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1301-1312, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1301","endPage":"1312","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x"},{"id":243559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6355e4b0c8380cd72437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahan, C.G.","contributorId":105934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderhorst, J.P.","contributorId":82939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhorst","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":448317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034914,"text":"70034914 - 2009 - Elemental signatures in otoliths of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Distinctiveness and utility fo detecting origins and movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034914","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elemental signatures in otoliths of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Distinctiveness and utility fo detecting origins and movement","docAbstract":"Otolith chemistry in freshwater has considerable potential to reveal patterns of origin and movement, which would benefit traditional fisheries management and provide a valuable tool to curb the spread of invasive and illicitly stocked species. We evaluated the relationship between otolith and water chemistry for five markers (Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/ Ca, Zn/Ca, and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using the existing hatchery system in Colorado and Wyoming, USA, to provide controlled, seminatural conditions. Otolith Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca, and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr reflected ambient levels, whereas Mn/Ca and Zn/Ca did not. Using only the markers correlated with water chemistry, we classified fish to their hatchery of origin with up to 96% accuracy when element and isotope data were used together. Large changes in <sup>87Sr/</sup>Sr were evident in otolith transects, although subtler changes in Sr/Ca were also detectable. Our results suggest the relatively few otolith markers that reflect ambient chemistry can discriminate among locations and track movements well enough to provide valuable insight in a variety of applied contexts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-015","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Gibson-Reinemer, D., Johnson, B., Martinez, P., Winkelman, D., Koenig, A., and Woodhead, J., 2009, Elemental signatures in otoliths of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Distinctiveness and utility fo detecting origins and movement: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 4, p. 513-524, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-015.","startPage":"513","endPage":"524","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215678,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-015"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08bee4b0c8380cd51c5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson-Reinemer, D. K.","contributorId":90988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson-Reinemer","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, B. M.","contributorId":71511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, P.J.","contributorId":45492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winkelman, D.L. 0000-0002-5247-0114","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":48739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koenig, A.E. 0000-0002-5230-0924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":23679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woodhead, J.D.","contributorId":70608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhead","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034912,"text":"70034912 - 2009 - Interbasin flow in the Great Basin with special reference to the southern Funeral Mountains and the source of Furnace Creek springs, Death Valley, California, U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034912","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interbasin flow in the Great Basin with special reference to the southern Funeral Mountains and the source of Furnace Creek springs, Death Valley, California, U.S.","docAbstract":"Interbasin flow in the Great Basin has been established by scientific studies during the past century. While not occurring uniformly between all basins, its occurrence is common and is a function of the hydraulic gradient between basins and hydraulic conductivity of the intervening rocks. The Furnace Creek springs in Death Valley, California are an example of large volume springs that are widely accepted as being the discharge points of regional interbasin flow. The flow path has been interpreted historically to be through consolidated Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the southern Funeral Mountains. This work reviews the preponderance of evidence supporting the concept of interbasin flow in the Death Valley region and the Great Basin and addresses the conceptual model of pluvial and recent recharge [Nelson, S.T., Anderson, K., Mayo, A.L., 2004. Testing the interbasin flow hypothesis at Death Valley, California. EOS 85, 349; Anderson, K., Nelson, S., Mayo, A., Tingey, D., 2006. Interbasin flow revisited: the contribution of local recharge to high-discharge springs, Death Valley, California. Journal of Hydrology 323, 276-302] as the source of the Furnace Creek springs. We find that there is insufficient modern recharge and insufficient storage potential and permeability within the basin-fill units in the Furnace Creek basin for these to serve as a local aquifer. Further, the lack of high sulfate content in the spring waters argues against significant flow through basin-fill sediments and instead suggests flow through underlying consolidated carbonate rocks. The maximum temperature of the spring discharge appears to require deep circulation through consolidated rocks; the Tertiary basin fill is of insufficient thickness to generate such temperatures as a result of local fluid circulation. Finally, the stable isotope data and chemical mass balance modeling actually support the interbasin flow conceptual model rather than the alternative presented in Nelson et al. [Nelson, S.T., Anderson, K., Mayo, A.L., 2004. Testing the interbasin flow hypothesis at Death Valley, California. EOS 85, 349] and Anderson et al. [Anderson, K., Nelson, S., Mayo, A., Tingey, D., 2006. Interbasin flow revisited: the contribution of local recharge to high-discharge springs, Death Valley, California. Journal of Hydrology 323, 276-302]. In light of these inconsistencies, interbasin flow is the only readily apparent explanation for the large spring discharges at Furnace Creek and, in our view, is the likely explanation for most large volume, low elevation springs in the Great Basin. An understanding of hydrogeologic processes that control the rate and direction of ground-water flow in eastern and central Nevada is necessary component of regional water-resource planning and management of alluvial and bedrock aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.048","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Belcher, W., Bedinger, M.S., Back, J., and Sweetkind, D.S., 2009, Interbasin flow in the Great Basin with special reference to the southern Funeral Mountains and the source of Furnace Creek springs, Death Valley, California, U.S.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 369, no. 1-2, p. 30-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.048.","startPage":"30","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.048"},{"id":243463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"369","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cece4b0c8380cd63161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belcher, W.R.","contributorId":30667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Back, J.T.","contributorId":89740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweetkind, D. S.","contributorId":61507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034911,"text":"70034911 - 2009 - Vertical distribution of total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in riparian soils of Walnut Creek, southern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034911","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1198,"text":"Catena","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical distribution of total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in riparian soils of Walnut Creek, southern Iowa","docAbstract":"Subsurface lithology plays an important role in many riparian zone processes, but few studies have examined how sediment nutrient concentrations vary with depth. In this study, we evaluated concentrations of nutrients (N, C and P) with depth in a riparian zone of the glaciated Midwest. A total of 146 sediment samples were collected from 24 cores that extended to a maximum depth of 3.6??m at eight sites in the riparian zone of Walnut Creek. Subsurface deposits were predominantly silt loam, becoming coarser and more variable with depth. Nitrogen and carbon content ranged from < 0.01 to 0.42% and < 0.01 to 7.08%, respectively, and exhibited a strong trend of decreasing nutrient content with depth. In contrast, P concentrations averaged 574??mg/kg and did not vary systematically. Systematic variations in texture and nutrient content with depth largely corresponded to stratigraphic differentiation among the Camp Creek, Roberts Creek and Gunder members of the regionally recognized Holocene-age DeForest Formation. Variations in subsurface nutrient content were not found to be significantly related to present land cover, but land cover may have influenced nutrient content at the time of original sediment accumulation. Subsurface lithology and stratigraphy should be considered an important component in riparian zone studies where nutrient losses to streams via streambank erosion or groundwater discharge are assessed. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catena","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2009.02.006","issn":"03418162","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., Palmer, J., Bettis, E., Jacobson, P., Schultz, R., and Isenhart, T., 2009, Vertical distribution of total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in riparian soils of Walnut Creek, southern Iowa: Catena, v. 77, no. 3, p. 266-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.02.006.","startPage":"266","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215645,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.02.006"},{"id":243462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc236e4b08c986b32a9d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, J.A.","contributorId":52807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobson, P.","contributorId":11412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schultz, R.C.","contributorId":44380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Isenhart, T.M.","contributorId":76963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isenhart","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034809,"text":"70034809 - 2009 - Salinity effects on behavioural response to hypoxia in the non-native Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus from Florida Everglades wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034809","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity effects on behavioural response to hypoxia in the non-native Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus from Florida Everglades wetlands","docAbstract":"This study quantified the hypoxia tolerance of the Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus over a range of salinities. The species was very tolerant of hypoxia, using aquatic surface respiration (ASR) and buccal bubble holding when oxygen tensions dropped to &lt;20 mmHg (c. 1??0 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) and 6 mmHg, respectively. Salinity had little effect on the hypoxia tolerance of C. urophthalmus, except that bubble holding was more frequent at the higher salinities tested. Levels of aggression were greatest at the highest salinity. The ASR thresholds of C. urophthalmus were similar to native centrarchid sunfishes from the Everglades, however, aggression levels for C. uropthalmus were markedly higher. ?? 2009 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02192.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P., Loftus, W., and Fontaine, J., 2009, Salinity effects on behavioural response to hypoxia in the non-native Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus from Florida Everglades wetlands: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 74, no. 6, p. 1245-1258, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02192.x.","startPage":"1245","endPage":"1258","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215930,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02192.x"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafe9e4b0c8380cd87832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, P. J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":80215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fontaine, J.A.","contributorId":95716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034808,"text":"70034808 - 2009 - Assessment tools for urban catchments: developing biological indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T16:26:43","indexId":"70034808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment tools for urban catchments: developing biological indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates","docAbstract":"Biological indicators, particularly benthic macroinvertebrates, are widely used and effective measures of the impact of urbanization on stream ecosystems. A multimetric biological index of urbanization was developed using a large benthic macroinvertebrate dataset (n = 1,835) from the Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area and then validated with datasets from Cleveland, Ohio (n = 79); San Jose, California (n = 85); and a different subset of the Baltimore data (n = 85). The biological metrics used to develop the multimetric index were selected using several criteria and were required to represent ecological attributes of macroinvertebrate assemblages including taxonomic composition and richness (number of taxa in the insect orders of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera), functional feeding group (number of taxa designated as filterers), and habit (percent of individuals which cling to the substrate). Quantile regression was used to select metrics and characterize the relationship between the final biological index and an urban gradient (composed of population density, road density, and urban land use). Although more complex biological indices exist, this simplified multimetric index showed a consistent relationship between biological indicators and urban conditions (as measured by quantile regression) in three climatic regions of the United States and can serve as an assessment tool for environmental managers to prioritize urban stream sites for restoration and protection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00279.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Purcell, A., Bressler, D., Paul, M., Barbour, M., Rankin, E., Carter, J., and Resh, V., 2009, Assessment tools for urban catchments: developing biological indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 2, p. 306-319, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00279.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"319","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00279.x"},{"id":243738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee88e4b0c8380cd49dda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, A.H.","contributorId":47191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bressler, D.W.","contributorId":17064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bressler","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, M.J.","contributorId":71300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbour, M.T.","contributorId":98971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rankin, E.T.","contributorId":60043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Resh, V.H.","contributorId":64876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034804,"text":"70034804 - 2009 - Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034804","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton","docAbstract":"Atmospheric aerosol deposition is an important source of nutrients and trace metals to the open ocean that can enhance ocean productivity and carbon sequestration and thus influence atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate. Using aerosol samples from different back trajectories in incubation experiments with natural communities, we demonstrate that the response of phytoplankton growth to aerosol additions depends on specific components in aerosols and differs across phytoplankton species. Aerosol additions enhanced growth by releasing nitrogen and phosphorus, but not all aerosols stimulated growth. Toxic effects were observed with some aerosols, where the toxicity affected picoeukaryotes and Synechococcus but not Prochlorococcus.We suggest that the toxicity could be due to high copper concentrations in these aerosols and support this by laboratory copper toxicity tests preformed with Synechococcus cultures. However, it is possible that other elements present in the aerosols or unknown synergistic effects between these elements could have also contributed to the toxic effect. Anthropogenic emissions are increasing atmospheric copper deposition sharply, and based on coupled atmosphere-ocean calculations, we show that this deposition can potentially alter patterns of marine primary production and community structure in high aerosol, low chlorophyll areas, particularly in the Bay of Bengal and downwind of South and East Asia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0811486106","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Paytan, A., Mackey, K., Chen, Y., Lima, I., Doney, S., Mahowald, N., Labiosa, R., and Post, A., 2009, Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. 12, p. 4601-4605, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811486106.","startPage":"4601","endPage":"4605","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476125,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2653564","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811486106"},{"id":243675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5f6e4b08c986b3269b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mackey, K.R.M.","contributorId":25009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackey","given":"K.R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lima, I.D.","contributorId":87778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lima","given":"I.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doney, S.C.","contributorId":80110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doney","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahowald, N.","contributorId":56878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahowald","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Labiosa, R.","contributorId":33138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Post, A.F.","contributorId":104729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034803,"text":"70034803 - 2009 - Assessing reservoir operations risk under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034803","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing reservoir operations risk under climate change","docAbstract":"Risk-based planning offers a robust way to identify strategies that permit adaptive water resources management under climate change. This paper presents a flexible methodology for conducting climate change risk assessments involving reservoir operations. Decision makers can apply this methodology to their systems by selecting future periods and risk metrics relevant to their planning questions and by collectively evaluating system impacts relative to an ensemble of climate projection scenarios (weighted or not). This paper shows multiple applications of this methodology in a case study involving California's Central Valley Project and State Water Project systems. Multiple applications were conducted to show how choices made in conducting the risk assessment, choices known as analytical design decisions, can affect assessed risk. Specifically, risk was reanalyzed for every choice combination of two design decisions: (1) whether to assume climate change will influence flood-control constraints on water supply operations (and how), and (2) whether to weight climate change scenarios (and how). Results show that assessed risk would motivate different planning pathways depending on decision-maker attitudes toward risk (e.g., risk neutral versus risk averse). Results also show that assessed risk at a given risk attitude is sensitive to the analytical design choices listed above, with the choice of whether to adjust flood-control rules under climate change having considerably more influence than the choice on whether to weight climate scenarios. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006941","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Brekke, L., Maurer, E., Anderson, J., Dettinger, M.D., Townsley, E., Harrison, A., and Pruitt, T., 2009, Assessing reservoir operations risk under climate change: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006941.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476348,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr006941","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215844,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006941"},{"id":243674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddfe4b0c8380cd49a81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brekke, L.D.","contributorId":66395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, E.P.","contributorId":30338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, J.D.","contributorId":80510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Townsley, E.S.","contributorId":8693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsley","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrison, A.","contributorId":18998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pruitt, T.","contributorId":60876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034801,"text":"70034801 - 2009 - Using oxygen isotopes of phosphate to trace phosphorus sources and cycling in lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T07:36:29","indexId":"70034801","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using oxygen isotopes of phosphate to trace phosphorus sources and cycling in lake Erie","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water samples collected during three sampling trips to Lake Erie displayed oxygen isotopic values of dissolved phosphate (δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>p</sub><span>) that were largely out of equilibrium with ambient conditions, indicating that source signatures may be discerned. δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;values in the Lake ranged from +10‰ to +17‰, whereas the equilibrium value was expected to be around +14‰. The riverine weighted average δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;value was +11‰ and may represent one source of phosphate to the Lake. The lake δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;values indicated that there must be one or more as yet uncharacterized source(s) of phosphate with a high δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;value. Potential sources other than rivers are not yet well-characterized with respect to δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of phosphate, but we speculate that a likely source may be the release of phosphate from sediments under reducing conditions created during anoxic events in the hypolimnion of the central basin of Lake Erie. Identifying potential phosphorus sources to the Lake is vital for designing effective management plans for reducing nutrient inputs and associated eutrophication.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es8034126","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Elsbury, K., Paytan, A., Ostrom, N., Kendall, C., Young, M., McLaughlin, K., Rollog, M., and Watson, S., 2009, Using oxygen isotopes of phosphate to trace phosphorus sources and cycling in lake Erie: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 9, p. 3108-3114, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8034126.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3108","endPage":"3114","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215814,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es8034126"}],"volume":"43","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc08ce4b08c986b32a1b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elsbury, K.E.","contributorId":45540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsbury","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostrom, N.E.","contributorId":73433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrom","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, M.B.","contributorId":21001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLaughlin, K.","contributorId":41383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rollog, M.E.","contributorId":103112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollog","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Watson, S.","contributorId":14216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034799,"text":"70034799 - 2009 - Surveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:43:38","indexId":"70034799","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006-2007","docAbstract":"<p>In 2006 the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Interior, and cooperating state fish and wildlife agencies began surveillance for high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. This surveillance effort was highly integrated in California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and western Montana, with collection of samples coordinated with state agencies. Sampling focused on live wild birds, hunterkilled waterfowl during state hunting seasons, and wild bird mortality events. Of 20,888 samples collected, 18,139 were from order Anseriformes (waterfowl) and 2010 were from order Charadriiformes (shorebirds), representing the two groups of birds regarded to be the primary reservoirs of avian influenza viruses. Although 83 birds were positive by H5 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), no HPAI H5N1 virus was found. Thirty-two virus isolates were obtained from the H5- positive samples, including low-pathogenicity H5 viruses identified as H5N2, H5N3, and H5N9.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/8462-082908-Reg.1","issn":"00052086","usgsCitation":"Dusek, R., Bortner, J., DeLiberto, T., Hoskins, J., Franson, J., Bales, B., Yparraguirre, D., Swafford, S., and Ip, H., 2009, Surveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006-2007: Avian Diseases, v. 53, no. 2, p. 222-230, https://doi.org/10.1637/8462-082908-Reg.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1637/8462-082908-Reg.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              48.63290858589532\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.70605468750001,\n              48.48748647988415\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.4423828125,\n              49.15296965617039\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.544921875,\n              49.210420445650286\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.28125,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8740234375,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8740234375,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9404296875,\n              41.178653972331695\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.8525390625,\n              31.203404950917395\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              31.090574094954192\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              32.287132632616355\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1142578125,\n              32.287132632616355\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5419921875,\n              33.100745405144245\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4755859375,\n              35.96022296929667\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.365234375,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.0244140625,\n              41.1455697310095\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              44.84029065139799\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              48.63290858589532\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba27de4b08c986b31f74c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":30203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bortner, J.B.","contributorId":101771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortner","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLiberto, T.J.","contributorId":79328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLiberto","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoskins, J.","contributorId":24181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoskins","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":107882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. 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,{"id":70034796,"text":"70034796 - 2009 - Is there a shortage of fisheries stock assessment scientists?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T10:32:01","indexId":"70034796","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is there a shortage of fisheries stock assessment scientists?","docAbstract":"<p>[No abstract available]</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446-34.5.217","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Berkson, J., Hunt, K., Whitehead, J., Murie, D., Kwak, T., and Boreman, J., 2009, Is there a shortage of fisheries stock assessment scientists?: Fisheries, v. 34, no. 5, p. 217-219, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-34.5.217.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"219","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05ade4b0c8380cd50ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkson, J.","contributorId":96502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, K.M.","contributorId":34724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitehead, J.C.","contributorId":98562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murie, D.J.","contributorId":89741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murie","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boreman, J.","contributorId":55372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boreman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034711,"text":"70034711 - 2009 - Coal-to-liquids: Potential impact on U.S. coal reserves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034711","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coal-to-liquids: Potential impact on U.S. coal reserves","docAbstract":"The production of liquid fuels from coal will very likely become an important part of the hydrocarbon energy mix of the future, provided that technical and environmental obstacles are overcome economically. The coal industry should be able to handle a coal-to-liquids (CTL) industry of modest size, using 60-70 million short tons or 54-64 million metric tonnes of coal per annum, without premature depletion of the country's coal reserves. However, attempts to use CTL technology to replace all petroleum imports would deplete the nation's coal reserves by the end of the century. ?? 2009 U.S. Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-009-9093-1","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Milici, R.C., 2009, Coal-to-liquids: Potential impact on U.S. coal reserves: Natural Resources Research, v. 18, no. 2, p. 85-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9093-1.","startPage":"85","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9093-1"},{"id":243702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f76ce4b0c8380cd4caec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milici, R. C.","contributorId":58688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034710,"text":"70034710 - 2009 - Suspended sediment and carbonate transport in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Fluxes and potential future responses to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T17:21:08","indexId":"70034710","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment and carbonate transport in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Fluxes and potential future responses to climate change","docAbstract":"<p><span>Loads and yields of suspended sediment and carbonate were measured and modeled at three locations on the Yukon, Tanana, and Porcupine Rivers in Alaska during water years 2001–2005 (1 October 2000 to 30 September 2005). Annual export of suspended sediment and carbonate upstream from the Yukon Delta averaged 68 Mt a</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and 387 Gg a</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively, with 50% of the suspended sediment load originating in the Tanana River Basin and 88% of the carbonate load originating in the White River Basin. About half the annual suspended sediment export occurred during spring, and half occurred during summer‐autumn, with very little export in winter. On average, a minimum of 11 Mt a</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of suspended sediment is deposited in floodplains between Eagle, Alaska, and Pilot Station, Alaska, on an annual basis, mostly in the Yukon Flats. There is about a 27% loss in the carbonate load between Eagle and Yukon River near Stevens Village, with an additional loss of about 29% between Stevens Village and Pilot Station, owing to a combination of deposition and dissolution. Comparison of current and historical suspended sediment loads for Tanana River suggests a possible link between suspended sediment yield and the Pacific decadal oscillation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007546","usgsCitation":"Dornblaser, M.M., and Striegl, R.G., 2009, Suspended sediment and carbonate transport in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Fluxes and potential future responses to climate change: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 6, Article W06411; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007546.","productDescription":"Article W06411; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007546","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba300e4b08c986b31faee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034709,"text":"70034709 - 2009 - The role of clay minerals in the preservation of organic matter in sediments of Qinghai Lake, NW China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:51:44","indexId":"70034709","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of clay minerals in the preservation of organic matter in sediments of Qinghai Lake, NW China","docAbstract":"The role of saline lake sediments in preserving organic matter has long been recognized. In order to further understand the preservation mechanisms, the role of clay minerals was studied. Three sediment cores, 25, 57, and 500 cm long, were collected from Qinghai Lake, NW China, and dissected into multiple subsamples. Multiple techniques were employed, including density fractionation, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon compound analyses, and surface area determination. The sediments were oxic near the water-sediment interface, but became anoxic at depth. The clay mineral content was as much as 36.8%, consisting mostly of illite, chlorite, and halloysite. The TEM observations revealed that organic matter occurred primarily as organic matter-clay mineral aggregates. The TOC and clay mineral abundances are greatest in the mid-density fraction, with a positive correlation between the TOC and mineral surface area. The TOC of the bulk sediments ranges from 1 to 3% with the non-hydrocarbon fraction being predominant, followed by bitumen, saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, and chloroform-soluble bitumen. The bimodal distribution of carbon compounds of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction suggests that organic matter in the sediments was derived from two sources: terrestrial plants and microorganisms/algae. Depthrelated systematic changes in the distribution patterns of the carbon compounds suggest that the oxidizing conditions and microbial abundance near the water-sediment interface promote degradation of labile organic matter, probably in adsorbed form. The reducing conditions and small microbial biomass deeper in the sediments favor preservation of organic matter, because of the less labile nature of organic matter, probably occurring within clay mineral-organic matter aggregates that are inaccessible to microorganisms. These results have important implications for our understanding of mechanisms of organic matter preservation in saline lake sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570208","usgsCitation":"Yu, B., Dong, H., Jiang, H., Lv, G., Eberl, D.D., Li, S., and Kim, J., 2009, The role of clay minerals in the preservation of organic matter in sediments of Qinghai Lake, NW China: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 57, no. 2, p. 213-226, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570208.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Qinghai Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              99.371337890625,\n              36.361586786517776\n            ],\n            [\n              101.07696533203125,\n              36.361586786517776\n            ],\n            [\n              101.07696533203125,\n              37.35269280367274\n            ],\n            [\n              99.371337890625,\n              37.35269280367274\n            ],\n            [\n              99.371337890625,\n              36.361586786517776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf59e4b08c986b324722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Bingsong","contributorId":37564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Bingsong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36002,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dong, Hailiang","contributorId":50802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Hailiang","affiliations":[{"id":36002,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jiang, Hongchen","contributorId":112137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hongchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lv, Guo","contributorId":25787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lv","given":"Guo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36002,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Shanying","contributorId":199327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Shanying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kim, Jinwook","contributorId":53416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Jinwook","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034697,"text":"70034697 - 2009 - Identification of centrarchid hepcidins and evidence that 17&beta;-estradiol disrupts constitutive expression of hepcidin-1 and inducible expression of hepcidin-2 in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T12:07:51","indexId":"70034697","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of centrarchid hepcidins and evidence that 17&beta;-estradiol disrupts constitutive expression of hepcidin-1 and inducible expression of hepcidin-2 in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","docAbstract":"Hepcidin is a highly conserved antimicrobial peptide and iron-regulatory hormone. Here, we identify two hepcidin genes (hep-1 and hep-2) in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Hepcidin-1 contains a putative ATCUN metal-binding site in the amino-terminus that is missing in hepcidin-2, suggesting that hepcidin-1 may function as an iron-regulatory hormone. Both hepcidins are predominately expressed in the liver of largemouth bass, similar to other fish and mammals. Experimental exposure of pond-raised largemouth bass to 17&beta;-estradiol and/or the bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri led to distinct changes in expression of hep-1 and hep-2. Estradiol reduced the constitutive expression of hep-1 in the liver. Bacterial exposure induced expression of hep-2, suggesting that hepcidin-2 may have an antimicrobial function, and this induction was abolished by estradiol. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the regulation of hepcidin expression by estradiol in either fish or mammals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.023","issn":"10504648","usgsCitation":"Robertson, L., Iwanowicz, L., and Marranca, J., 2009, Identification of centrarchid hepcidins and evidence that 17&beta;-estradiol disrupts constitutive expression of hepcidin-1 and inducible expression of hepcidin-2 in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 898-907, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"898","endPage":"907","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.023"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3823e4b0c8380cd61466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, L.S.","contributorId":32370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":43864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marranca, J.M.","contributorId":69805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marranca","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034695,"text":"70034695 - 2009 - Desmograptus. micronematodes, a silurian dendroid graptolite, and its ultrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034695","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2998,"text":"Palaeontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desmograptus. micronematodes, a silurian dendroid graptolite, and its ultrastructure","docAbstract":"Desmograptus micronematodes from Thornton quarry, Cook County, Illinois, USA, remarkably preserved in relief and encased in pyrite, is described. The internal details of the thecae, and of the stolon system, examined using the SEM, allow the reconstruction of the growth of a stipe. The stolons and stolonal nodes are formed of a dense crassal fabric, and are surrounded by a loose fabric of three-dimensional fibrils. The nodes have a complex structure of three boxes with proximal and distal nozzles. The base of a bitheca, and the base of each autothecal cup, has a central nozzle surrounded by a unique honeycomb fabric. The ultrastructure of the cortical fibrils, with their clockwise striations, is similar to that in Dendrograptus, and may be universal in the graptolites. The nodes of the stolon system appear identical to those of Acanthograptus and other dendroids, but differ from those of the extant hemichordate Rhabdopleura, which have only a diaphragm, and lack box structures. ?? The Palaeontological Association, 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00859.x","issn":"00310239","usgsCitation":"Saunders, K., Bates, D., Kluessendorf, J., Loydell, D.K., and Mikulic, D.G., 2009, Desmograptus. micronematodes, a silurian dendroid graptolite, and its ultrastructure: Palaeontology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 541-559, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00859.x.","startPage":"541","endPage":"559","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00859.x"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff4ae4b0c8380cd4f0f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saunders, K.M.","contributorId":101479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, D.E.B.","contributorId":21367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"D.E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kluessendorf, Joanne","contributorId":41965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluessendorf","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loydell, David K.","contributorId":16189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loydell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikulic, Donald G.","contributorId":61159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikulic","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034693,"text":"70034693 - 2009 - Currents in monterey submarine canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034693","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Currents in monterey submarine canyon","docAbstract":"Flow fields of mean, subtidal, and tidal frequencies between 250 and 3300 m water depths in Monterey Submarine Canyon are examined using current measurements obtained in three yearlong field experiments. Spatial variations in flow fields are mainly controlled by the topography (shape and width) of the canyon. The mean currents flow upcanyon in the offshore reaches (>1000 m) and downcanyon in the shallow reaches (<800 m) of the canyon. Tidal currents, especially the semidiurnal components, are dominant and account for more than 90% of total energy. Pulses of strong currents near the canyon floor, which last several days at a time and have a magnitude as high as 60+ cm/s, are attributed to intense baroclinic processes occurring within the canyon. The V-shaped canyon walls and the near-critical slope of the canyon floor focus the baroclinic tides of semidiurnal and higher frequencies to the canyon bottom to produce the >100-m amplitude isotherm oscillations and associated high-speed rectilinear currents. The 15-day spring-neap cycle and a ???3-day??? band are the two prominent frequencies in subtidal flow field. Neither of them seems directly correlated with the spring-neap cycle of the sea level.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JC004992","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Xu, J.P., and Noble, M., 2009, Currents in monterey submarine canyon: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 114, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004992.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476396,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jc004992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215632,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004992"},{"id":243449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd1be4b0c8380cd4e62b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034692,"text":"70034692 - 2009 - Water quality characterization in some birimian aquifers of the Birim Basin, Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034692","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2578,"text":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality characterization in some birimian aquifers of the Birim Basin, Ghana","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the main controls on the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the study area. Mass balance modeling was used simultaneously with multivariate R-mode hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the significant sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. Two water types have been revealed in this area: (1) waters influenced more significantly by the weathering of silicate minerals from the underlying geology, and are rich in silica, sodium, calcium, bicarbonate, and magnesium ions, and (2) waters that have been influenced by the effects of fertilizers and other anthropogenic activities in the area. Mineral speciation and silicate mineral stability diagrams generated from the data suggest that montmorillonite, probably derived from the incongruent dissolution of feldspars and micas, is the most stable silicate phase in the groundwater. The apparent incongruent weathering of silicate minerals in the groundwater system has led to the enrichment of sodium, calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions as well as silica, leading to the supersaturation of calcite, aragonite, dolomite and quartz. Stability in the montmorillonite field suggests restricted flow conditions whereby groundwater residence time is relatively high, leading to greater contact of groundwater with the rock to enhance weathering. Cation exchange processes have also been determined to play minor roles in the hydrochemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12205-009-0179-4","issn":"12267988","usgsCitation":"Bruce, B., Yidana, S., Anku, Y., Akabzaa, T., and Asiedu, D., 2009, Water quality characterization in some birimian aquifers of the Birim Basin, Ghana: KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, v. 13, no. 3, p. 179-187, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0179-4.","startPage":"179","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476443,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0179-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0179-4"},{"id":243448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc88fe4b08c986b32c9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, B.-Y.","contributorId":101477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"B.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anku, Y.","contributorId":96083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anku","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akabzaa, T.","contributorId":39580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akabzaa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Asiedu, D.","contributorId":76131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asiedu","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034688,"text":"70034688 - 2009 - Plant toxicity, adaptive herbivory, and plant community dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034688","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant toxicity, adaptive herbivory, and plant community dynamics","docAbstract":"We model effects of interspecific plant competition, herbivory, and a plant's toxic defenses against herbivores on vegetation dynamics. The model predicts that, when a generalist herbivore feeds in the absence of plant toxins, adaptive foraging generally increases the probability of coexistence of plant species populations, because the herbivore switches more of its effort to whichever plant species is more common and accessible. In contrast, toxin-determined selective herbivory can drive plant succession toward dominance by the more toxic species, as previously documented in boreal forests and prairies. When the toxin concentrations in different plant species are similar, but species have different toxins with nonadditive effects, herbivores tend to diversify foraging efforts to avoid high intakes of any one toxin. This diversification leads the herbivore to focus more feeding on the less common plant species. Thus, uncommon plants may experience depensatory mortality from herbivory, reducing local species diversity. The depensatory effect of herbivory may inhibit the invasion of other plant species that are more palatable or have different toxins. These predictions were tested and confirmed in the Alaskan boreal forest. ?? 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-009-9240-x","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Feng, Z., Liu, R., DeAngelis, D., Bryant, L.C., Kielland, K., Stuart, C.F., and Swihart, R., 2009, Plant toxicity, adaptive herbivory, and plant community dynamics: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 4, p. 534-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9240-x.","startPage":"534","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215570,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9240-x"},{"id":243382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c02e4b0c8380cd79744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Z.","contributorId":84991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, R.","contributorId":23731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bryant, Lee C.","contributorId":62045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":447045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kielland, K.","contributorId":98932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kielland","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stuart, Chapin F.","contributorId":23781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"Chapin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swihart, R.K.","contributorId":90560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swihart","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034582,"text":"70034582 - 2009 - New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034582","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records","docAbstract":"Regional aquifers in thick sequences of continentally derived heterolithic deposits, such as the High Plains of the North American Great Plains, are difficult to characterize hydrostratigraphically because of their framework complexity and the lack of high-quality subsurface information from drill cores and geophysical logs. However, using a database of carefully evaluated drillers' and sample logs and commercially available visualization software, it is possible to qualitatively characterize these complex frameworks based on the concept of relative permeability. Relative permeability is the permeable fraction of a deposit expressed as a percentage of its total thickness. In this methodology, uncemented coarse and fine sediments are arbitrarily set at relative permeabilities of 100% and 0%, respectively, with allowances made for log entries containing descriptions of mixed lithologies, heterolithic strata, and cementation. To better understand the arrangement of high- and low-permeability domains within the High Plains aquifer, a pilot study was undertaken in southwest Kansas to create three-dimensional visualizations of relative permeability using a database of >3000 logs. Aggregate relative permeability ranges up to 99% with a mean of 51%. Laterally traceable, thick domains of >80% relative permeability embedded within a lower relative permeability matrix strongly suggest that preferred pathways for lateral and vertical water transmission exist within the aquifer. Similarly, domains with relative permeabilities of <45% are traceable laterally over appreciable distances in the sub-surface and probably act as leaky confining layers. This study shows that the aquifer does not consist solely of local, randomly distributed, hydrostratigraphic units, as suggested by previous studies. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00203.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Macfarlane, P.A., 2009, New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records: Geosphere, v. 5, no. 1, p. 51-58, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00203.1.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487799,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00203.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215889,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00203.1"},{"id":243724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65dce4b0c8380cd72c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034580,"text":"70034580 - 2009 - Using stable isotopes to investigate individual diet specialization in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:11:47","indexId":"70034580","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using stable isotopes to investigate individual diet specialization in California sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i>)","title":"Using stable isotopes to investigate individual diet specialization in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Differences in diet composition among conspecifics (dietary specialization) have been documented across a broad range of taxonomic groups and habitats, and such variation at the individual level is increasingly recognized as an important component of diversity in trophic interactions. Accurate identification of individual dietary specialization, however, requires longitudinal dietary records that are labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive to obtain for many species. Here we explore the use of stable isotopes (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N) as a promising technique for detecting and quantifying patterns of individual dietary specialization. Southern sea otters (</span><i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i><span>) offer a unique opportunity for testing this approach because (1) they consume a wide variety of prey that span multiple trophic levels, habitats, and ecologically defined functional groups; and (2) individual diet specialization can be validated with existing observational data. We analyzed the isotopic composition of sea otter vibrissae (</span><i>n</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 31) in order to characterize inter- and intra-individual variation in sea otter diets at Monterey Bay, California, USA. At the population level, sea otters showed substantial variation in both δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values, occupying nearly all of the “isotopic space” created by the diversity of isotopic signatures of potential prey taxa. Most of the variation in sea otter vibrissae was accounted for by differences between individuals, with much less contributed by within-individual variation. A majority of sea otters (∼80%) showed relatively little temporal variability in isotopic composition, suggesting that the proportional composition of most individuals' diets is relatively constant over time; a few individuals (∼20%) exhibited a high degree of intra-vibrissa isotopic variability, suggesting seasonal shifts in diet composition. These results and our interpretation of them were supported by long-term observational data on the diets of radio-tagged sea otters from the same population (</span><i>n</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 23). Our results demonstrate that stable isotopes can provide an efficient tool for measuring individual- and population-level dietary breadth and may be useful for studying populations where longitudinal data on individuals would otherwise be impossible to acquire. This will be critical for examining the causes and consequences of dietary variation within and among consumer populations, thereby improving our understanding of these important ecological and evolutionary processes at the community level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/07-1812.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Newsome, S., Tinker, M.T., Monson, D., Oftedal, O., Ralls, K., Staedler, M., Fogel, M., and Estes, J.A., 2009, Using stable isotopes to investigate individual diet specialization in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis): Ecology, v. 90, no. 4, p. 961-974, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1812.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"961","endPage":"974","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0a8e4b08c986b32a255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newsome, S.D.","contributorId":66928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsome","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":446485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oftedal, O.T.","contributorId":35562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oftedal","given":"O.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ralls, K.","contributorId":107222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralls","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staedler, M. M.","contributorId":101603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staedler","given":"M. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fogel, M. L.","contributorId":31588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogel","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036738,"text":"70036738 - 2009 - Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:26:53","indexId":"70036738","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury-rich coals in the Donets Basin (Donbas region) of Ukraine were sampled in active underground mines to assess the levels of potentially harmful elements and the potential for dispersion of metals through use of this coal. For 29 samples representing c<sub>11</sub> to m<sub>3</sub> Carboniferous coals, mercury contents range from 0.02 to 3.5 ppm (whole-coal dry basis). Mercury is well correlated with pyritic sulfur (0.01 to 3.2 wt.%), with an r<sup>2</sup> of 0.614 (one outlier excluded). Sulfides in these samples show enrichment of minor constituents in late-stage pyrite formed as a result of interaction of coal with hydrothermal fluids. Mine water sampled at depth and at surface collection points does not show enrichment of trace metals at harmful levels, indicating pyrite stability at subsurface conditions. Four samples of coal exposed in the defunct open-cast Nikitovka mercury mines in Gorlovka have extreme mercury contents of 12.8 to 25.5 ppm. This coal was formerly produced as a byproduct of extracting sandstone-hosted cinnabar ore. Access to these workings is unrestricted and small amounts of extreme mercury-rich coal are collected for domestic use, posing a limited human health hazard. More widespread hazards are posed by the abandoned Nikitovka mercury processing plant, the extensive mercury mine tailings, and mercury enrichment of soils extending into residential areas of Gorlovka.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Panov, B., Panov, Y., Landa, E.R., Conko, K., Korchemagin, V., Shendrik, T., and McCord, J., 2009, Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003"}],"country":"Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Donbas mines","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              37.0,\n              49.0\n            ],\n            [\n              37.0,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              38.4,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              38.4,\n              49.0\n            ],\n            [\n              37.0,\n              49.0\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53e4e4b0c8380cd6cdb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panov, B.S.","contributorId":79735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panov, Y.B.","contributorId":13071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conko, K.M. 0000-0001-6361-4921","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":37503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Korchemagin, V.A.","contributorId":83767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korchemagin","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shendrik, T.","contributorId":47210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shendrik","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, J.D.","contributorId":74199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034501,"text":"70034501 - 2009 - Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034501","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts","docAbstract":"Using empirical field data for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), we evaluated the trade-off between power and sampling effort-cost using Monte Carlo simulations of commonly collected mark-recapture-resight and count data, and we estimated the power to detect changes in abundance across different time intervals. We also evaluated the effects of monitoring different components of a population and stratification methods on the precision of each method. Our results illustrate substantial variability in the relative precision, cost, and information gained from each approach. While grouping estimates by age or stage class substantially increased the precision of estimates, spatial stratification of sampling units resulted in limited increases in precision. Although mark-resight methods allowed for estimates of abundance versus indices of abundance, our results suggest snorkel surveys may be a more affordable monitoring approach across large spatial scales. Detecting a 25% decline in abundance after 5 years was not possible, regardless of technique (power = 0.80), without high sampling effort (48% of study site). Detecting a 25% decline was possible after 15 years, but still required high sampling efforts. Our results suggest detecting moderate changes in abundance of freshwater salmonids requires considerable resource and temporal commitments and highlight the difficulties of using abundance measures for monitoring bull trout populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-026","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R., Budy, P., and Conner, M., 2009, Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 4, p. 649-658, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-026.","startPage":"649","endPage":"658","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-026"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff60e4b0c8380cd4f159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, R.","contributorId":42431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, P.","contributorId":68091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conner, M.","contributorId":71787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034497,"text":"70034497 - 2009 - Factors influencing densities of non-indigenous species in the ballast water of ships arriving at ports in Puget Sound, Washington, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034497","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing densities of non-indigenous species in the ballast water of ships arriving at ports in Puget Sound, Washington, United States","docAbstract":"Oceanographic characteristics and the presence of international shipping in Puget Sound, Washington, USA contribute to its vulnerability to non-indigenous species (NIS) invasions. To evaluate NIS arriving in ballast water, zooplankton was sampled in 380 ballast tanks of ships after they entered Puget Sound. Taxa were classified into a higher risk group of coastal organisms (including known NIS), and a lower risk group of largely oceanic species. Most ships reported conducting mid-ocean ballast water exchange (BWE). However, despite state regulations requiring BWE, and apparent compliance by ship operators, most sampled tanks from both transpacific and coastal routes had coastal zooplankton densities exceeding internationally proposed discharge standards. BWE efficiency models and controlled before-and-after BWE experiments indicate that BWE consistently removes most coastal zooplankton. However, this study found that although the empty-refill method of BWE significantly reduced coastal plankton compared with un-exchanged tanks, the flow-through method did not, and in either case remaining coastal plankton densities presented appreciable risks of introducing NIS. Densities of high risk taxa were consistently and significantly higher from US domestic trips dominated by tank ships carrying ballast water from California, and lower in samples from trans-Pacific trips dominated by container ships and bulk carriers with ballast from Asia. These findings are probably a result of the dense and diverse NIS assemblages present in California and other US west coast estuaries and the comparatively short transit times between them and Puget Sound. While it appears that BWE can effectively replace NIS with less risky ocean species, new reporting, verification, and operational procedures may be necessary to enhance BWE efficacy. In the long-term, the introduction of ballast water treatment technologies may be required to significantly reduce the discharge of risky organisms from commercial ships if BWE practices do not become more effective. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/aqc.986","issn":"10527613","usgsCitation":"Cordell, J., Lawrence, D.J., Ferm, N., Tear, L., Smith, S., and Herwig, R., 2009, Factors influencing densities of non-indigenous species in the ballast water of ships arriving at ports in Puget Sound, Washington, United States: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 19, no. 3, p. 322-343, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.986.","startPage":"322","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.986"},{"id":243437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec3e4b0c8380cd535f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordell, J.R.","contributorId":108333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordell","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferm, N.C.","contributorId":32748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferm","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tear, L.M.","contributorId":70614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tear","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, S.S.","contributorId":65610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herwig, R.P.","contributorId":56468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herwig","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036877,"text":"70036877 - 2009 - Erosional consequence of saltcedar control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T14:06:24","indexId":"70036877","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosional consequence of saltcedar control","docAbstract":"Removal of nonnative riparian trees is accelerating to conserve water and improve habitat for native species. Widespread control of dominant species, however, can lead to unintended erosion. Helicopter herbicide application in 2003 along a 12-km reach of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico, eliminated the target invasive species saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), which dominated the floodplain, as well as the native species sandbar willow (Salix exigua Nuttall), which occurred as a fringe along the channel. Herbicide application initiated a natural experiment testing the importance of riparian vegetation for bank stability along this data-rich river. A flood three years later eroded about 680,000 m<sup>3</sup> of sediment, increasing mean channel width of the sprayed reach by 84%. Erosion upstream and downstream from the sprayed reach during this flood was inconsequential. Sand eroded from channel banks was transported an average of 5 km downstream and deposited on the floodplain and channel bed. Although vegetation was killed across the floodplain in the sprayed reach, erosion was almost entirely confined to the channel banks. The absence of dense, flexible woody stems on the banks reduced drag on the flow, leading to high shear stress at the toe of the banks, fluvial erosion, bank undercutting, and mass failure. The potential for increased erosion must be included in consideration of phreatophyte control projects. ?? 2009 U.S. Government.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-009-9314-8","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Vincent, K., Friedman, J.M., and Griffin, E., 2009, Erosional consequence of saltcedar control: Environmental Management, v. 44, no. 2, p. 218-227, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9314-8.","startPage":"218","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72N50CM","text":"Lower Rio Puerco geospatial data, 1935 - 2014"},{"id":217516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9314-8"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a42e4b0c8380cd5228c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vincent, K.R.","contributorId":42563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, E.R.","contributorId":15143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}