Assessments of pyroclastic flow (PF) hazards are commonly based on mapping of PF and surge deposits and estimations of inundation limits, and/or computer models of varying degrees of sophistication. In volcanic crises a PF hazard map may be sorely needed, but limited time, exposures, or safety aspects may preclude fieldwork, and insufficient time or baseline data may be available for reliable dynamic simulations. We have developed a statistically constrained simulation model for block-and-ash type PFs to estimate potential areas of inundation by adapting methodology from Iverson et al. (Geol Soc America Bull 110:972-984, (1998) for lahars. The predictive equations for block-and-ash PFs are calibrated with data from several volcanoes and given by A = (0.05 to 0.1) V2/3, B = (35 to 40) V2/3, where A is cross-sectional area of inundation, B is planimetric area and V is deposit volume. The proportionality coefficients were obtained from regression analyses and comparison of simulations to mapped deposits. The method embeds the predictive equations in a GIS program coupled with DEM topography, using the LAHARZ program of Schilling (1998). Although the method is objective and reproducible, any PF hazard zone so computed should be considered as an approximate guide only, due to uncertainties on the coefficients applicable to individual PFs, the authenticity of DEM details, and the volume of future collapses. The statistical uncertainty of the predictive equations, which imply a factor of two or more in predicting A or B for a specified V, is superposed on the uncertainty of forecasting V for the next PF to descend a particular valley. Multiple inundation zones, produced by simulations using a selected range of volumes, partly accommodate these uncertainties. The resulting maps show graphically that PF inundation potentials are highest nearest volcano sources and along valley thalwegs, and diminish with distance from source and lateral distance from thalweg. The model does not explicitly consider dynamic behavior, which can be important. Ash-cloud surge impact limits must be extended beyond PF hazard zones and we provide several approaches to do this. The method has been used to supply PF and surge hazard maps in two crises: Merapi 2006; and Montserrat 2006-2007. Springer-Verlag 2008.
","largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-008-0254-6","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Widiwijayanti, C., Voight, B., Hidayat, D., and Schilling, S., 2009, Objective rapid delineation of areas at risk from block-and-ash pyroclastic flows and surges: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 71, no. 6, p. 687-703, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0254-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"703","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216233,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0254-6"},{"id":244091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a28e4b0c8380cd74021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Widiwijayanti, C.","contributorId":65689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widiwijayanti","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voight, B.","contributorId":16575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voight","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidayat, D.","contributorId":33874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidayat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035603,"text":"70035603 - 2009 - Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035603","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century","docAbstract":"Sediment discharged into the portion of the Southern California Bight extending from Santa Barbara to Dana Point enters a complex system of semi-isolated coastal cells, narrow continental shelves, submarine canyons, and offshore basins. On both the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, 210Pb accumulation rates decrease in an offshore direction (from ??0.5 g cm-2yr-1 to 0.02 g cm-2yr -1), in concert with a fining in sediment grain size (from 4.5?? to 8.5??), suggesting that offshore transport of wave-resuspended material occurs as relatively dilute nepheloid layers and that hemiplegic sedimentation dominates the supply of sediment to the outer shelf, slope, and basins. Together, these areas are effectively sequestering up to 100% of the annual fluvial input. In contrast to the Santa Monica margin, which does not display evidence of mass wasting as an important process of sediment delivery and redistribution, the San Pedro margin does provide numerous examples of failures and mass wasting, suggesting that intraslope sediment redistribution may play a more important role there. Basin deposits in both areas exhibit evidence of turbidites tentatively associated with both major floods and earthquakes, sourced from either the Redondo Canyon (San Pedro Basin) or Dume Canyon (Santa Monica Basin). On the Palos Verdes shelf, sediment-accumulation rates decrease along and across the shelf away from the White's Point outfall, which has been a major source of contaminants to the shelf deposits. Accumulation rates prior to the construction of the outfall were ??0.2 g cm-2yr-1 and increased 1.5-3.7 times during peak discharges from the outfall in 1971. The distal rate of accumulation has decreased by ??50%, from 0.63 g cm -2yr-1 during the period 1971-1992 to 0.29 g cm -2yr-1 during the period 1992-2003. The proximal rate of accumulation, however, has only decreased ??10%, from 0.83 g cm -2yr-1 during the period 1971-1992 to 0.73 g cm -2yr-1 during the period 1992-2003. Effluent-affected sediment layers on the Palos Verdes shelf can be identified in seabed profiles of naturally occurring 238U, which is sequestered in reducing sediments. The Santa Clara River shelf, just north and west of the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, is fine-grained and flood-dominated. Core profiles of excess 210Pb from sites covering the extent of documented major flood deposition exhibit evidence of rapidly deposited sediment up to 25 cm thick. These beds are developing in an active depocenter in water depths of 30-50 m at an average rate of 0.72 g cm-2yr-1. Budget calculations for annual and 50-yr timescale sediment storage on this shelf shows that 20%-30% of the sediment discharge is retained on the shelf, leaving 70%-80% to be redistributed to the outer shelf, slope, Santa Barbara Basin, and Santa Monica Basin. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(2.4)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Alexander, C.R., and Lee, H., 2009, Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 69-87, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(2.4).","startPage":"69","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(2.4)"},{"id":244134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8951e4b08c986b316d9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, C. R.","contributorId":88855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035572,"text":"70035572 - 2009 - Fractionation of metal stable isotopes by higher plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035572","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractionation of metal stable isotopes by higher plants","docAbstract":"Higher plants induce chemical reactions in the rhizosphere, facilitating metal uptake by roots. Fractionation of the isotopes in nutrients such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc produces a stable isotope composition in the plants that generally differs from that of the growth medium. Isotope fractionation also occurs during transport of the metals within most plants, but its extent depends on plant species and on the metal, in particular, on the metal's redox state and what ligand it is bound to. The metal stable isotope variations observed in plants create an isotope signature of life at the Earth's surface, contributing substantially to our understanding of metal cycling processes in the environment and in individual organisms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Elements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gselements.5.6.375","issn":"18115209","usgsCitation":"Von Blanckenburg, F., Von Wiren, N., Guelke, M., Weiss, D., and Bullen, T., 2009, Fractionation of metal stable isotopes by higher plants: Elements, v. 5, no. 6, p. 375-380, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.375.","startPage":"375","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476355,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_240212","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.375"},{"id":244166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13aae4b0c8380cd54724","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Von Blanckenburg, F.","contributorId":6199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Blanckenburg","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Von Wiren, N.","contributorId":98141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Wiren","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guelke, M.","contributorId":23784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guelke","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiss, D.J.","contributorId":78574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034916,"text":"70034916 - 2009 - The 1911 M ~6.6 Calaveras earthquake: Source parameters and the role of static, viscoelastic, and dynamic coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034916","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1911 M ~6.6 Calaveras earthquake: Source parameters and the role of static, viscoelastic, and dynamic coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake","docAbstract":"The occurrence of a right-lateral strike-slip earthquake in 1911 is inconsistent with the calculated 0.2-2.5 bar static stress decrease imparted by the 1906 rupture at that location on the Calaveras fault, and 5 yr of calculated post-1906 viscoelastic rebound does little to reload the fault. We have used all available first-motion, body-wave, and surface-wave data to explore possible focal mechanisms for the 1911 earthquake. We find that the event was most likely a right-lateral strikeslip event on the Calaveras fault, larger than, but otherwise resembling, the 1984 Mw 6.1 Morgan Hill earthquake in roughly the same location. Unfortunately, we could recover no unambiguous surface fault offset or geodetic strain data to corroborate the seismic analysis despite an exhaustive archival search. We calculated the static and dynamic Coulomb stress changes for three 1906 source models to understand stress transfer to the 1911 site. In contrast to the static stress shadow, the peak dynamic Coulomb stress imparted by the 1906 rupture promoted failure at the site of the 1911 earthquake by 1.4-5.8 bar. Perhaps because the sample is small and the aftershocks are poorly located, we find no correlation of 1906 aftershock frequency or magnitude with the peak dynamic stress, although all aftershocks sustained a calculated dynamic stress of ???3 bar. Just 20 km to the south of the 1911 epicenter, we find that surface creep of the Calaveras fault at Hollister paused for ~17 yr after 1906, about the expected delay for the calculated static stress drop imparted by the 1906 earthquake when San Andreas fault postseismic creep and viscoelastic relaxation are included. Thus, the 1911 earthquake may have been promoted by the transient dynamic stresses, while Calaveras fault creep 20 km to the south appears to have been inhibited by the static stress changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080305","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Doser, D.I., Olsen, K., Pollitz, F., Stein, R., and Toda, S., 2009, The 1911 M ~6.6 Calaveras earthquake: Source parameters and the role of static, viscoelastic, and dynamic coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1746-1759, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080305.","startPage":"1746","endPage":"1759","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215706,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080305"},{"id":243528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba619e4b08c986b320ebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doser, D. I.","contributorId":93256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, K.B.","contributorId":66022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036781,"text":"70036781 - 2009 - Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036781","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents","docAbstract":"The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight '03 program during February 2004 and February-March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river discharges: the Santa Clara River, Ballona Creek, the San Pedro Shelf (including the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers), the San Diego River, and the Tijuana River. Exceedances of bacterial standards were observed in most of the systems. However, the areas of impact were generally spatially limited, and contaminant concentrations decreased below California Ocean Plan standards typically within 2-3 days. The largest bacterial concentrations occurred in the Tijuana River system where exceedances of fecal indicator bacteria were noted well away from the river mouth. Maximum nitrate concentrations (~40 ??M) occurred in the San Pedro Shelf region near the mouth of the Los Angeles River. Based on the results of general linear models, individual sources of stormwater differ in both nutrient concentrations and the concentration and composition of fecal indicator bacteria. While nutrients appeared to decrease in plume waters due to simple mixing and dilution, the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria in plumes depends on more than loading and dilution rates. The relationships between contaminants (nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria) and plume indicators (salinity and total suspended solids) were not strong indicating the presence of other potentially important sources and/or sinks of both nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. California Ocean Plan standards were often exceeded in waters containing greater than 10% stormwater (<28-30 salinity range). The median concentration dropped below the standard in the 32-33 salinity range (1-4% stormwater) for total coliforms and Enterococcus spp. and in the 28-30 salinity range (10-16% stormwater) for fecal coliforms. Nutrients showed a similar pattern with the highest median concentrations in water with greater than 10% stormwater. Relationships between colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and salinity and between total suspended solids and beam attenuation indicate that readily measurable, optically active variables can be used as proxies to provide at least a qualitative, if not quantitative, evaluation of the distribution of the dissolved, as well as the particulate, components of stormwater plumes. In this context, both CDOM absorption and the beam attenuation coefficient can be derived from satellite ocean color measurements of inherent optical properties suggesting that remote sensing of ocean color should be useful in mapping the spatial areas and durations of impacts from these contaminants. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Reifel, K., Johnson, S., DiGiacomo, P., Mengel, M., Nezlin, N., Warrick, J., and Jones, B., 2009, Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents: Continental Shelf Research, v. 29, no. 15, p. 1821-1835, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011.","startPage":"1821","endPage":"1835","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011"}],"volume":"29","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f6e4b0c8380cd6175f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reifel, K.M.","contributorId":49327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reifel","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.C.","contributorId":93008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DiGiacomo, P.M.","contributorId":39501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mengel, M.J.","contributorId":21267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nezlin, N.P.","contributorId":77644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nezlin","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, B.H.","contributorId":96810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032653,"text":"70032653 - 2009 - Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T07:59:25","indexId":"70032653","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures","docAbstract":"Aquatic organisms exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) at early life-stages may have reduced reproductive fitness via disruption of reproductive and non-reproductive behavioral and physiological pathways. Survival to reproductive age relies upon optimal non-reproductive trait expression, such as adequate predator avoidance responses, which may be impacted through EDC exposure. During a predator–prey confrontation, larval fish use an innate C-start escape behavior to rapidly move away from an approaching threat. We tested the hypotheses that (1) larval fathead minnows exposed to estrogens, a primary class of EDCs, singularly or in mixture, suffer a reduced ability to perform an innate C-start behavior when faced with a threat stimulus; (2) additive effects will cause greater reductions in C-start behavior; and (3) effects will differ among developmental stages. In this study, embryos (post-fertilization until hatching) were exposed for 5 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) singularly and in mixture. Exposed embryos were allowed to hatch and grow in control well water until 12 days old. Similarly, post-hatch fathead minnows were exposed for 12 days to these compounds. High-speed (1000 frames/s) video recordings of escape behavior were collected and transferred to National Institutes of Health Image for frame-by-frame analysis of latency period, escape velocity, and total escape response (combination of latency period and escape velocity). When tested 12 days post-hatch, only E1 adversely affected C-start performance of larvae exposed as embryos. Conversely, larvae exposed for 12 days post-hatch did not exhibit altered escape responses when exposed to E1, while adverse responses were seen in E2 and the estrogen mixture. Ethinylestradiol exposure did not elicit changes in escape behaviors at either developmental stage. The direct impact of reduced C-start performance on survival, and ultimately, reproductive fitness provides an avenue to assess the ecological relevance of exposure in an assay of relatively short duration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002","issn":"01664","usgsCitation":"McGee, M., Julius, M., Vajda, A., Norris, D., Barber, L.B., and Schoenfuss, H., 2009, Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 91, no. 4, p. 355-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"361","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a816ce4b0c8380cd7b514","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, M.R.","contributorId":82930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julius, M.L.","contributorId":11775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julius","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vajda, A.M.","contributorId":35961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vajda","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, D.O.","contributorId":58475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032336,"text":"70032336 - 2009 - Fractionation of the platinum-group elments and Re during crystallization of basalt in Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032336","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractionation of the platinum-group elments and Re during crystallization of basalt in Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Kilauea Iki lava lake formed during the 1959 summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, then crystallized and differentiated over a period of 35??years. It offers an opportunity to evaluate the fractionation behavior of trace elements in a uniquely well-documented basaltic system. A suite of 14 core samples recovered from 1967 to 1981 has been analyzed for 5 platinum-group elements (PGE: Ir, Os, Ru, Pt, Pd), plus Re. These samples have MgO ranging from 2.4 to 26.9??wt.%, with temperatures prior to quench ranging from 1140????C to ambient (110????C). Five eruption samples were also analyzed. Osmium and Ru concentrations vary by nearly four orders of magnitude (0.0006-1.40??ppb for Os and 0.0006-2.01??ppb for Ru) and are positively correlated with MgO content. These elements behaved compatibly during crystallization, mostly likely being concentrated in trace phases (alloy or sulfide) present in olivine phenocrysts or included chromite. Iridium also correlates positively with MgO, although less strongly than Os and Ru. The somewhat poorer correlation for Ir, compared with Os and Ru, may reflect variable loss of Ir as volatile IrF6 in some of the most magnesian samples. Rhenium is negatively correlated with MgO, behaving as an incompatible trace element. Its behavior in the lava lake is complicated by apparent volatile loss of Re, as suggested by a decrease in Re concentration with time of quenching for lake samples vs. eruption samples. Platinum and Pd concentrations are negatively, albeit weakly, correlated with MgO, so these elements were modestly incompatible during crystallization of the major silicate phases. Palladium contents peaked before precipitation of immiscible sulfide liquid, however, and decline sharply in the most differentiated samples. In contrast, Pt appears to have been unaffected by sulfide precipitation. Microprobe data confirm that Pd entered the sulfide liquid before Re, and that Pt is not strongly chalcophile in this system. Occasional high Pt values in both eruption and lava lake samples suggest the presence of unevenly distributed, unidentified Pt-rich trace phases in some Kilauea Iki materials. Estimated mineral (olivine + chromite)/melt D values for Os, Ir, Ru and Pt for equilibrium crystallization for samples from ~ 7 to 27??wt.% MgO are 26, 8.2, 19 and 0.55, respectively. These Os, Ir and Ru estimates are somewhat higher than previous estimates for similar systems. If fractional crystallization is instead assumed, D values are much more similar. Results confirm many prior observations in other mafic systems that olivine (together with included phases) has a major effect on absolute and relative abundances of Re and the PGE. The relatively linear correlations between these elements and MgO potentially permit accurate estimation of the concentrations of these elements in the primary melts of comparable systems, especially in instances where the MgO content of the primary melt is well constrained. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.022","issn":"00092","usgsCitation":"Pitcher, L., Helz, R., Walker, R., and Piccoli, P., 2009, Fractionation of the platinum-group elments and Re during crystallization of basalt in Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii: Chemical Geology, v. 260, no. 3-4, p. 196-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.022.","startPage":"196","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.022"},{"id":242811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"260","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13ade4b0c8380cd54733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitcher, L.","contributorId":49625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitcher","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piccoli, P.","contributorId":13054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piccoli","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035514,"text":"70035514 - 2009 - Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035514","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment","docAbstract":"Intensive management of wetlands to improve wildlife habitat typically includes the manipulation of water depth, duration, and timing to promote desired vegetation communities. Increased societal, industrial, and agricultural demands for water may encourage the use of alternative sources such as wastewater effluents in managed wetlands. However, water quality is commonly overlooked as an influence on wetland soil seed banks and soils. In four separate greenhouse trials conducted over a 2-yr period, we examined the effects of municipal wastewater effluent (WWE) on vegetation of wetland seed banks and soils excavated from a wildlife management area in Missouri, USA. We used microcosms filled with one of two soil materials and irrigated with WWE, Missouri River water, or deionized water to simulate moist-soil conditions. Vegetation that germinated from the soil seed bank was allowed to grow in microcosms for approximately 100 d. Vegetative taxa richness, plant density, and biomass were significantly reduced in WWE-irrigated soil materials compared with other water sources. Salinity and sodicity rapidly increased in WWE-irrigated microcosms and probably was responsible for inhibiting germination or interfering with seedling development. Our results indicate that irrigation with WWE promoted saline-sodic soil conditions, which alters the vegetation community by inhibiting germination or seedling development. ?? 2009, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-58.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Finocchiaro, R., Kremer, R., and Fredrickson, L., 2009, Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 713-723, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-58.1.","startPage":"713","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216449,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-58.1"},{"id":244319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c2e4b0c8380cd616a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finocchiaro, R.G.","contributorId":15038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kremer, R.J.","contributorId":47608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kremer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, L.H.","contributorId":91042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036062,"text":"70036062 - 2009 - The adrenocortical response of greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) to capture, ACTH injection, and confinement, as measured in fecal samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T14:11:11","indexId":"70036062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3075,"text":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The adrenocortical response of greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) to capture, ACTH injection, and confinement, as measured in fecal samples","docAbstract":"Investigators of wildlife populations often utilize demographic indicators to understand the relationship between habitat characteristics and population viability. Assessments of corticosterone may enable earlier detection of populations at risk of decline because physiological adjustments to habitat disturbance occur before reproductive diminutions. Noninvasive methods to accomplish these assesments are important in species of concern, such as the greater sage grouse (GRSG). Therefore, we validated a radioimmunoassay that measures immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites (ICM) in fecal samples and used it to characterize the adrenocortical response of 15 GRSG exposed to capture, intravenous injection of 50 IU/kg adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or saline, and 22 h of confinement. Those animals injected with ACTH exhibited a more sustained (P = 0.0139) and less variable (P = 0.0012) response than those injected with saline, indicating different levels of adrenocortical activity. We also found that potential field-collection protocols of fecal samples did not alter ICM concentrations: samples held at 4??C for up to 16 h contained similar levels of ICM as those frozen (-20??C) immediately. This study demonstrates a multiphasic adrenocortical response that varied with the level of stimulation and indicates that the assay used to measure this phenomenon is applicable for studies of wild GRSG. ?? 2009 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/596513","issn":"15222152","usgsCitation":"Jankowski, M., Wittwer, D., Heisey, D., Franson, J., and Hofmeister, E.K., 2009, The adrenocortical response of greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) to capture, ACTH injection, and confinement, as measured in fecal samples: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 82, no. 2, p. 190-201, https://doi.org/10.1086/596513.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476257,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2666624","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/596513"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.81964111328124,\n 42.25800001792787\n ],\n [\n -119.80728149414064,\n 42.3037216984154\n ],\n [\n -119.82650756835938,\n 42.32910829547648\n ],\n [\n -119.85671997070312,\n 42.363617631805496\n ],\n [\n -119.84710693359375,\n 42.44068764258161\n ],\n [\n -119.81552124023438,\n 42.533856237848504\n ],\n [\n -119.78942871093749,\n 42.57229842044638\n ],\n [\n -119.72488403320311,\n 42.59454359788448\n ],\n [\n -119.64935302734374,\n 42.66426107379467\n ],\n [\n -119.61227416992188,\n 42.696567309696974\n ],\n [\n -119.56146240234375,\n 42.76919491914051\n ],\n [\n -119.34791564941406,\n 42.770707089907546\n ],\n [\n -119.36302185058594,\n 42.59757641618889\n ],\n [\n -119.4378662109375,\n 42.595554553719204\n ],\n [\n -119.45915222167967,\n 42.23766862211923\n ],\n [\n -119.82513427734375,\n 42.2366518803206\n ],\n [\n -119.81964111328124,\n 42.25800001792787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9a4e4b08c986b3223dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jankowski, M.D.","contributorId":12725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wittwer, D.J.","contributorId":54446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittwer","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heisey, D.M.","contributorId":77496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":127740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-6360-3912 ehofmeister@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-3912","contributorId":3230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik","email":"ehofmeister@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035992,"text":"70035992 - 2009 - Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T12:27:03","indexId":"70035992","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands","docAbstract":"Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used to detect relative water level changes in wetlands. We developed an innovative method to integrate InSAR and satellite radar altimetry for measuring absolute or geocentric water level changes and applied the methodology to remote areas of swamp forest in coastal Louisiana. Coherence analysis of InSAR pairs suggested that the HH polarization is preferred for this type of observation, and polarimetric analysis can help to identify double-bounce backscattering areas in the wetland. ENVISAT radar altimeter-measured 18-Hz (along-track sampling of 417 m) water level data processed with regional stackfile method have been used to provide vertical references for water bodies separated by levees. The high-resolution (~ 40 m) relative water changes measured from ALOS PALSAR L-band and Radarsat-1 C-band InSAR are then integrated with ENVISAT radar altimetry to obtain absolute water level. The resulting water level time series were validated with in situ gauge observations within the swamp forest. We anticipate that this new technique will allow retrospective reconstruction and concurrent monitoring of water conditions and flow dynamics in wetlands, especially those lacking gauge networks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Lu, Z., Lee, H., Shum, C., Swarzenski, C., Doyle, T., and Baek, S., 2009, Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 11, p. 2356-2365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2356","endPage":"2365","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-017650","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c59e4b0c8380cd62c8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, J.-W.","contributorId":75731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, C.M.","contributorId":74856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baek, S.-H.","contributorId":84187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032946,"text":"70032946 - 2009 - Structural characterization of terrestrial microbial Mn oxides from Pinal Creek, AZ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T08:24:55","indexId":"70032946","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural characterization of terrestrial microbial Mn oxides from Pinal Creek, AZ","docAbstract":"The microbial catalysis of Mn(II) oxidation is believed to be a dominant source of abundant sorption- and redox-active Mn oxides in marine, freshwater, and subsurface aquatic environments. In spite of their importance, environmental oxides of known biogenic origin have generally not been characterized in detail from a structural perspective. Hyporheic zone Mn oxide grain coatings at Pinal Creek, Arizona, a metals-contaminated stream, have been identified as being dominantly microbial in origin and are well studied from bulk chemistry and contaminant hydrology perspectives. This site thus presents an excellent opportunity to study the structures of terrestrial microbial Mn oxides in detail. XRD and EXAFS measurements performed in this study indicate that the hydrated Pinal Creek Mn oxide grain coatings are layer-type Mn oxides with dominantly hexagonal or pseudo-hexagonal layer symmetry. XRD and TEM measurements suggest the oxides to be nanoparticulate plates with average dimensions on the order of 11 nm thick × 35 nm diameter, but with individual particles exhibiting thickness as small as a single layer and sheets as wide as 500 nm. The hydrated oxides exhibit a 10-Å basal-plane spacing and turbostratic disorder. EXAFS analyses suggest the oxides contain layer Mn(IV) site vacancy defects, and layer Mn(III) is inferred to be present, as deduced from Jahn–Teller distortion of the local structure. The physical geometry and structural details of the coatings suggest formation within microbial biofilms. The biogenic Mn oxides are stable with respect to transformation into thermodynamically more stable phases over a time scale of at least 5 months. The nanoparticulate layered structural motif, also observed in pure culture laboratory studies, appears to be characteristic of biogenic Mn oxides and may explain the common occurrence of this mineral habit in soils and sediments.
Nitrification and nitrate reduction were examined in an ephemeral drainage channel receiving discharge from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. CBNG co-produced water typically contains dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), primarily as ammonium. In this study, a substantial portion of discharged ammonium was oxidized within 50 m of downstream transport, but speciation was markedly influenced by diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (> 300 µM). After 300 m of transport, 60% of the initial DIN load had been removed. The effect of benthic nitrogen-cycling processes on stream water chemistry was assessed at 2 locations within the stream channel using acrylic chambers to conduct short-term (2–6 h), in-stream incubations. The highest ambient DIN removal rates (2103 µmol N m− 2h− 1) were found at a location where ammonium concentrations > 350 µM. This occurred during light incubations when oxygen concentrations were highest. Nitrification was occurring at the site, however, net accumulation of nitrate and nitrite accounted for < 12% of the ammonium consumed, indicating that other ammonium-consuming processes were also occurring. In dark incubations, nitrite and nitrate consumption were dominant processes, while ammonium was produced rather than consumed. At a downstream location nitrification was not a factor and changes in DIN removal rates were controlled by nitrate reduction, diel fluctuations in oxygen concentration, and availability of electron donor. This study indicates that short-term adaptation of stream channel processes can be effective for removing CBNG DIN loads given sufficient travel distances, but the long-term potential for nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen saturation remain to be determined.
The growth of carbonate formations in caves (speleothems) is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions at the surface (temperature, precipitation and vegetation) and can provide useful paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information. We use 73 230Th dates from speleothems collected from a cave in southwestern Oregon (USA) to constrain speleothem growth for the past 380 000 years. Most speleothem growth occurred during interglacial periods, whereas little growth occurred during glacial intervals. To evaluate potential environmental controls on speleothem growth we use two new modeling approaches: i) a one-dimensional thermal advection–diffusion model to estimate cave temperatures during the last glacial cycle, and ii) a regional climate model simulation for the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 years before present) that assesses a range of potential controls on speleothem growth under peak glacial conditions. The two models are mutually consistent in indicating that permafrost formation did not influence speleothem growth during glacial periods. Instead, the regional climate model simulation combined with proxy data suggest that the influence of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets on atmospheric circulation induced substantial changes in water balance in the Pacific Northwest and affected speleothem growth at our location. The overall drier conditions during glacial intervals and associated periods of frozen topsoil at times of maximum surface runoff likely induced drastic changes in cave recharge and limited speleothem growth. This mechanism could have affected speleothem growth in other mid-latitude caves without requiring the presence of permafrost.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Ersek, V., Hostetler, S.W., Cheng, H., Clark, P., Anslow, F.S., Mix, A.C., and Edwards, R.L., 2009, Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 279, no. 3-4, p. 316-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"325","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215679,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 42.016651835568226\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -116.52099609375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -119.0478515625,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -122.58544921875,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 46.11894150610708\n ],\n [\n -124.03564453125,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -124.60693359374999,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -124.25537109375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 42.016651835568226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"279","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09d2e4b0c8380cd520a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ersek, Vasile","contributorId":37560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ersek","given":"Vasile","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, Hai","contributorId":85896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Hai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Peter U.","contributorId":68994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Peter U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anslow, Faron S.","contributorId":35442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anslow","given":"Faron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mix, Alan C.","contributorId":83346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, R. Lawrence","contributorId":69760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035690,"text":"70035690 - 2009 - Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-10T15:23:11","indexId":"70035690","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands","docAbstract":"Communities of plants, biological soil crusts (BSCs), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to influence soil stability individually, but their relative contributions, interactions, and combined effects are not well understood, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. In a landscape-scale field study we quantified plant, BSC, and AM fungal communities at 216 locations along a gradient of soil stability levels in southern Utah, USA. We used multivariate modeling to examine the relative influences of plants, BSCs, and AM fungi on surface and subsurface stability in a semiarid shrubland landscape. Models were found to be congruent with the data and explained 35% of the variation in surface stability and 54% of the variation in subsurface stability. The results support several tentative conclusions. While BSCs, plants, and AM fungi all contribute to surface stability, only plants and AM fungi contribute to subsurface stability. In both surface and subsurface models, the strongest contributions to soil stability are made by biological components of the system. Biological soil crust cover was found to have the strongest direct effect on surface soil stability (0.60; controlling for other factors). Surprisingly, AM fungi appeared to influence surface soil stability (0.37), even though they are not generally considered to exist in the top few millimeters of the soil. In the subsurface model, plant cover appeared to have the strongest direct influence on soil stability (0.42); in both models, results indicate that plant cover influences soil stability both directly (controlling for other factors) and indirectly through influences on other organisms. Soil organic matter was not found to have a direct contribution to surface or subsurface stability in this system. The relative influence of AM fungi on soil stability in these semiarid shrublands was similar to that reported for a mesic tallgrass prairie. Estimates of effects that BSCs, plants, and AM fungi have on soil stability in these models are used to suggest the relative amounts of resources that erosion control practitioners should devote to promoting these communities. This study highlights the need for system approaches in combating erosion, soil degradation, and arid-land desertification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/07-2076.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Chaudhary, V.B., Bowker, M.A., O’Dell, T.E., Grace, J.B., Redman, A.E., Rillig, M.C., and Johnson, N.C., 2009, Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 1, p. 110-122, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2076.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476133,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://ecommons.luc.edu/ies_facpubs/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-2076.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Cannonville;Escalante","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.114,37.351 ], [ -112.114,37.973 ], [ -111.325,37.973 ], [ -111.325,37.351 ], [ -112.114,37.351 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf6e4b08c986b328e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaudhary, V. Bala","contributorId":101483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaudhary","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bala","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":451909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Dell, Thomas E.","contributorId":36518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redman, Andrea E.","contributorId":96506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rillig, Matthias C.","contributorId":54427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rillig","given":"Matthias","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Nancy C.","contributorId":107524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034694,"text":"70034694 - 2009 - GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034694","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones","docAbstract":"In order to successfully support current and future US military operations in coastal zones, geospatial information must be rapidly integrated and analyzed to meet ongoing force structure evolution and new mission directives. Coastal zones in a military-operational environment are complex regions that include sea, land and air features that demand high-volume databases of extreme detail within relatively narrow geographic corridors. Static products in the form of analog maps at varying scales traditionally have been used by military commanders and their operational planners. The rapidly changing battlefield of 21st Century warfare, however, demands dynamic mapping solutions. Commercial geographic information system (GIS) software for military-specific applications is now being developed and employed with digital databases to provide customized digital maps of variable scale, content and symbolization tailored to unique demands of military units. Research conducted by the Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science at the University of Georgia demonstrated the utility of GIS-based analysis and digital map creation when developing large-scale (1:10,000) products from littoral warfare databases. The methodology employed-selection of data sources (including high resolution commercial images and Lidar), establishment of analysis/modeling parameters, conduct of vehicle mobility analysis, development of models and generation of products (such as a continuous sea-land DEM and geo-visualization of changing shorelines with tidal levels)-is discussed. Based on observations and identified needs from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Department of Defense, prototype GIS models for military operations in sea, land and air environments were created from multiple data sets of a study area at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Results of these models, along with methodologies for developing large-scale littoral warfare databases, aid the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in meeting littoral warfare analysis, modeling and map generation requirements for US military organizations. ?? 2008 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004","issn":"09242716","usgsCitation":"Fleming, S., Jordan, T., Madden, M., Usery, E., and Welch, R., 2009, GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 64, no. 2, p. 213-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004.","startPage":"213","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004"},{"id":243482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1465e4b0c8380cd54a08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, S.","contributorId":90954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, T.","contributorId":18197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welch, R.","contributorId":6996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032907,"text":"70032907 - 2009 - A lacustrine record from Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China: Implications for paleoclimate change during Late Pleistocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70032907","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lacustrine record from Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China: Implications for paleoclimate change during Late Pleistocene","docAbstract":"Climate variability during the Late Pleistocene is studied from the proxies in core CK-2 drilled from the Luobei Depression (91??03???E, 40??47???N), Lop Nur in the eastern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. Geophysical and geochemical properties, including magnetic susceptibility, granularity, chroma, carbonate content, loss on ignition and trace elements, have been determined to reconstruct the environmental evolution of the area during 32-9 ka BP. The chronology is established by uranium-thorium disequilibrium dating techniques. Our data suggest four paleoclimate stages, indicating glacial variations between cold-humid and warm-arid environments. A period of extreme humidity occurred during 31,900-19,200 yr BP is attributed the last glacial maximum (LGM). The period was followed by a warm-arid episode during 19,200-13,500 yr BP. Then a cold-humid interval during 13,500-12,700 yr BP may correspond to another cooling phases at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The last stage from 12,700 to 9000 yr BP has a trend that the climate turned warm and arid. The Lop Nur region is characterized by particularly humid stadials and arid interstadials. The climate variability in Lop Nur was constrained by global climate change because it is correlated with Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events, which were observed at the northern high latitudes. The synchroneity of the palaeoclimatic events suggested that cold air activity at the northern high latitudes was the most important factor that influenced the climate evolution in the Lop Nur region. A probable mechanism that involves the migration of westerly winds is proposed to interpret this synchroneity. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.03.011","issn":"13679","usgsCitation":"Chao, L., Zicheng, P., Dong, Y., Weiguo, L., Zhaofeng, Z., Jianfeng, H., and Chenlin, C., 2009, A lacustrine record from Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China: Implications for paleoclimate change during Late Pleistocene: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 1, p. 38-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.03.011.","startPage":"38","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213481,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.03.011"},{"id":241108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42fe4b0c8380cd46493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, L.","contributorId":74173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zicheng, P.","contributorId":80805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zicheng","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, Y.","contributorId":88158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiguo, L.","contributorId":63926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiguo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhaofeng, Z.","contributorId":88959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhaofeng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jianfeng, H.","contributorId":71393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jianfeng","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chenlin, C.","contributorId":103093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chenlin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036778,"text":"70036778 - 2009 - Mathematical modelling of anisotropy of illite-rich shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036778","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mathematical modelling of anisotropy of illite-rich shale","docAbstract":"The estimation of illite-rich shale anisotropy to account for the alignment of clays and gas- or brine-filled cracks is presented via mathematical modelling. Such estimation requires analysis to interpret the dominance of one effect over another. This knowledge can help to evaluate the permeability in the unconventional reservoir, stress orientation, and the seal capacity for the conventional reservoir. Effective media modelling is used to predict the elastic properties of the illite-rich shale and to identify the dominant contributions to the shale anisotropy. We consider two principal reasons of the shale anisotropy: orientation of clay platelets and orientation of fluid-filled cracks. In reality, both of these two factors affect the shale anisotropy. The goal of this study is, first, to separately analyse the effect of these two factors to reveal the specific features in P- and S-wave velocity behaviour typical of each of the factors, and, then, consider a combined effect of the factors when the cracks are horizontally or vertically aligned. To do this, we construct four models of shale. The behaviour of P- and S-wave velocities is analysed when gas- and water-filled cracks embedded in a host matrix are randomly oriented, or horizontally or vertically aligned. The host matrix can be either isotropic or anisotropic (of VTI symmetry). In such a modelling, we use published data on mineralogy and clay platelet alignment along with other micromechanical measurements. In the model, where the host matrix is isotropic, the presence of a singularity point (when the difference VS1 - VS2 changes its sign) in shear wave velocities is an indicator of brine-filled aligned cracks. In the model with the VTI host matrix and horizontally aligned cracks filled with gas, an increase in their volume concentration leads to that the azimuth at which the singularity is observed moves toward the symmetry axis. In this case, if the clay content is small (around 20 per cent), the singularity point may even vanish. The Thomsen parameters are helpful in fluid type indication in shale. An indicator of gas-filled aligned cracks is ?? > ??. If aligned cracks in illite-rich shale are brine-filled, ?? < ??. Negative value of ?? indicates brine-filled cracks in illite-rich shale. A shale with brine-filled cracks exhibits higher Vp/Vs ratio in the vertical direction as compared to the gas-filled shale. A disorientation of clay platelets and brine-filled cracks may lead to that the singularity point is absent for brine-saturated shale as well. In this case one can also observe ?? > ?? and decreased values of Vp/Vs in the vertical direction as in the case of gas-filled cracks. In the presence of vertically aligned cracks, shales exhibit distinctly revealed features of orthorhombic symmetry. The results have important applications where seismic measurements are applied to predict the maturity state of the shale. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04244.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Chesnokov, E., Tiwary, D., Bayuk, I., Sparkman, M., and Brown, R., 2009, Mathematical modelling of anisotropy of illite-rich shale, in Geophysical Journal International, v. 178, no. 3, p. 1625-1648, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04244.x.","startPage":"1625","endPage":"1648","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476254,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04244.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04244.x"},{"id":245705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a528ae4b0c8380cd6c4bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesnokov, E.M.","contributorId":69823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesnokov","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiwary, D.K.","contributorId":54827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiwary","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bayuk, I.O.","contributorId":44393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayuk","given":"I.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sparkman, M.A.","contributorId":28463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparkman","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037343,"text":"70037343 - 2009 - Land 3D-seismic data: Preprocessing quality control utilizing survey design specifications, noise properties, normal moveout, first breaks, and offset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037343","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Land 3D-seismic data: Preprocessing quality control utilizing survey design specifications, noise properties, normal moveout, first breaks, and offset","docAbstract":"The recent proliferation of the 3D reflection seismic method into the near-surface area of geophysical applications, especially in response to the emergence of the need to comprehensively characterize and monitor near-surface carbon dioxide sequestration in shallow saline aquifers around the world, justifies the emphasis on cost-effective and robust quality control and assurance (QC/QA) workflow of 3D seismic data preprocessing that is suitable for near-surface applications. The main purpose of our seismic data preprocessing QC is to enable the use of appropriate header information, data that are free of noise-dominated traces, and/or flawed vertical stacking in subsequent processing steps. In this article, I provide an account of utilizing survey design specifications, noise properties, first breaks, and normal moveout for rapid and thorough graphical QC/QA diagnostics, which are easy to apply and efficient in the diagnosis of inconsistencies. A correlated vibroseis time-lapse 3D-seismic data set from a CO2-flood monitoring survey is used for demonstrating QC diagnostics. An important by-product of the QC workflow is establishing the number of layers for a refraction statics model in a data-driven graphical manner that capitalizes on the spatial coverage of the 3D seismic data. ?? China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2009.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Earth Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12583-009-0053-9","issn":"1674487X","usgsCitation":"Raef, A., 2009, Land 3D-seismic data: Preprocessing quality control utilizing survey design specifications, noise properties, normal moveout, first breaks, and offset, in Journal of Earth Science, v. 20, no. 3, p. 640-648, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0053-9.","startPage":"640","endPage":"648","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0053-9"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4180e4b0c8380cd6559d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raef, A.","contributorId":76557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raef","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032874,"text":"70032874 - 2009 - Hydraulic anisotropy characterization of pneumatic-fractured sediments using azimuthal self potential gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032874","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic anisotropy characterization of pneumatic-fractured sediments using azimuthal self potential gradient","docAbstract":"The pneumatic fracturing technique is used to enhance the permeability and porosity of tight unconsolidated soils (e.g. clays), thereby improving the effectiveness of remediation treatments. Azimuthal self potential gradient (ASPG) surveys were performed on a compacted, unconsolidated clay block in order to evaluate their potential to delineate contaminant migration pathways in a mechanically-induced fracture network. Azimuthal resistivity (ARS) measurements were also made for comparative purposes. Following similar procedures to those used in the field, compressed kaolinite sediments were pneumatically fractured and the resulting fracture geometry characterized from strike analysis of visible fractures combined with strike data from optical borehole televiewer (BHTV) imaging. We subsequently injected a simulated treatment (electrolyte/dye) into the fractures. Both ASPG and ARS data exhibit anisotropic geoelectric signatures resulting from the fracturing. Self potentials observed during injection of electrolyte are consistent with electrokinetic theory and previous laboratory results on a fracture block model. Visual (polar plot) analysis and linear regression of cross plots show ASPG lobes are correlated with azimuths of high fracture strike density, evidence that the ASPG anisotropy is a proxy measure of hydraulic anisotropy created by the pneumatic fracturing. However, ARS data are uncorrelated with fracture strike maxima and resistivity anisotropy is probably dominated by enhanced surface conduction along azimuths of weak 'starter paths' formed from pulverization of the clay and increases in interfacial surface area. We find the magnitude of electrokinetic SP scales with the applied N2 gas pressure gradient (??PN2) for any particular hydraulically-active fracture set and that the positive lobe of the ASPG anomaly indicates the flow direction within the fracture network. These findings demonstrate the use of ASPG in characterizing the effectiveness of (1) pneumatic fracturing and (2) defining likely flow directions of remedial treatments in unconsolidated sediments and rock. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.09.023","issn":"01697","usgsCitation":"Wishart, D., Slater, L., Schnell, D., and Herman, G., 2009, Hydraulic anisotropy characterization of pneumatic-fractured sediments using azimuthal self potential gradient: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 103, no. 3-4, p. 134-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.09.023.","startPage":"134","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.09.023"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32dbe4b0c8380cd5eb21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wishart, D.N.","contributorId":32359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wishart","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, L.D.","contributorId":63229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnell, D.L.","contributorId":48770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnell","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herman, G.C.","contributorId":102215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032628,"text":"70032628 - 2009 - Assessing rates of forest change and fragmentation in Alabama, USA, using the vegetation change tracker model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T12:49:56","indexId":"70032628","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing rates of forest change and fragmentation in Alabama, USA, using the vegetation change tracker model","docAbstract":"Forest change is of great concern for land use decision makers and conservation communities. Quantitative and spatial forest change information is critical for addressing many pressing issues, including global climate change, carbon budgets, and sustainability. In this study, our analysis focuses on the differences in geospatial patterns and their changes between federal forests and nonfederal forests in Alabama over the time period 1987–2005, by interpreting 163 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes using a vegetation change tracker (VCT) model. Our analysis revealed that for the most part of 1990 s and between 2000 and 2005, Alabama lost about 2% of its forest on an annual basis due to disturbances, but much of the losses were balanced by forest regeneration from previous disturbances. The disturbance maps revealed that federal forests were reasonably well protected, with the fragmentation remaining relatively stable over time. In contrast, nonfederal forests, which are predominant in area share (about 95%), were heavily disturbed, clearly demonstrating decreasing levels of fragmentation during the time period 1987–1993 giving way to a subsequent accelerating fragmentation during the time period 1994–2005. Additionally, the identification of the statistical relationships between forest fragmentation status and forest loss rate and forest net change rate in relation to land ownership implied the distinct differences in forest cutting rate and cutting patterns between federal forests and nonfederal forests. The forest spatial change information derived from the model has provided valuable insights regarding regional forest management practices and disturbance regimes, which are closely associated with regional economics and environmental concerns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.023","issn":"03781","usgsCitation":"Li, M., Huang, C., Zhu, Z., Shi, H., Lu, H., and Peng, S., 2009, Assessing rates of forest change and fragmentation in Alabama, USA, using the vegetation change tracker model: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 257, no. 6, p. 1480-1488, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.023.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1480","endPage":"1488","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.023"}],"volume":"257","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddee4b0c8380cd49a79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Mingshi","contributorId":202731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Mingshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan","contributorId":25378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, Hua 0000-0001-7013-1565 hshi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-1565","contributorId":646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Hua","email":"hshi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lu, Heng","contributorId":202744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Heng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peng, Shikui","contributorId":202745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Shikui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036630,"text":"70036630 - 2009 - Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:47:20","indexId":"70036630","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","docAbstract":"Arc magmatism at subduction zones (SZs) most voluminously supplies juvenile igneous material to build rafts of continental and intra-oceanic or island arc (CIA) crust. Return or recycling of accumulated CIA material to the mantle is also most vigorous at SZs. Recycling is effected by the processes of sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and detachment and sinking of deeply underthrust sectors of CIA crust. Long-term (>10-20 Ma) rates of additions and losses can be estimated from observational data gathered where oceanic crust underruns modern, long-running (Cenozoic to mid-Mesozoic) ocean-margin subduction zones (OMSZs, e.g. Aleutian and South America SZs). Long-term rates can also be observationally assessed at Mesozoic and older crust-suturing subduction zone (CSSZs) where thick bodies of CIA crust collided in tectonic contact (e.g. Wopmay and Appalachian orogens, India and SE Asia). At modern OMSZs arc magmatic additions at intra-oceanic arcs and at continental margins are globally estimated at c. 1.5 AU and c. 1.0 AU, respectively (1 AU, or Armstrong Unit,= 1 km3 a-1 of solid material). During collisional suturing at fossil CSSZs, global arc magmatic addition is estimated at 0.2 AU. This assessment presumes that in the past the global length of crustal collision zones averaged c. 6000 km, which is one-half that under way since the early Tertiary. The average long-term rate of arc magmatic additions extracted from modern OMSZs and older CSSZs is thus evaluated at 2.7 AU. Crustal recycling at Mesozoic and younger OMSZs is assessed at c. 60 km3 Ma-1 km-1 (c. 60% by subduction erosion). The corresponding global recycling rate is c. 2.5 AU. At CSSZs of Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and Proterozoic age, the combined upper and lower plate losses of CIA crust via subduction erosion, sediment subduction, and lower plate crustal detachment and sinking are assessed far less securely at c. 115 km3 Ma-1 km-1. At a global length of 6000 km, recycling at CSSZs is accordingly c. 0.7 AU. The collective loss of CIA crust estimated for modern OMSZs and for older CSSZs is thus estimated at c. 3.2 AU. SZ additions (2.7 AU) and subtractions (23.2 AU) are similar. Because many uncertainties and assumptions are involved in assessing and applying them to the deep past, the net growth of CIA crust during at least Phanerozoic time is viewed as effectively nil. With increasing uncertainty, the long-term balance can be applied to the Proterozoic, but not before the initiation of the present style of subduction at c. 3 Ga. Allowing that since this time a rounded-down rate of recycling of 3 AU is applicable, a startlingly high volume of CIA crust equal to that existing now has been recycled to the mantle. Although the recycled volume (c. 9 ?? 109 km3) is small (c. 1%) compared with that of the mantle, it is large enough to impart to the mantle the signature of recycled CIA crust. Because subduction zones are not spatially fixed, and their average global lengths have episodically been less or greater than at present, recycling must have contributed significantly to creating recognized heterogeneities in mantle geochemistry. ?? The Geological Society of London 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/SP318.4","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., and von Huene, R.E., 2009, Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 318, p. 105-125, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4.","startPage":"105","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4"}],"issue":"318","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3922e4b0c8380cd617f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034775,"text":"70034775 - 2009 - Estimating selenium removal by sedimentation from the Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034775","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating selenium removal by sedimentation from the Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"The mass of Se deposited annually to sediment in the Great Salt Lake (GSL) was estimated to determine the significance of sedimentation as a permanent Se removal mechanism. Lake sediment cores were used to qualitatively delineate sedimentation regions (very high to very low), estimate mass accumulation rates (MARs) and determine sediment Se concentrations. Sedimentation regions were defined by comparison of isopach contours of Holocene sediment thicknesses to linear sedimentation rates determined via analysis of 210Pb, 226Ra, 7Be and 137Cs activity in 20 short cores (<5 cm), yielding quantifiable results in 13 cores. MARs were developed via analysis of the same radioisotopes in eight long cores (>10 cm). These MARs in the upper 1-2 cm of each long core ranged from 0.019 to 0.105 gsed/cm2/a. Surface sediment Se concentrations in the upper 1 or 2 cm of each long core ranged from 0.79 to 2.47 mg/kg. Representative MARs and Se concentrations were used to develop mean annual Se removal by sedimentation in the corresponding sedimentation region. The spatially integrated Se sedimentation rate was estimated to be 624 kg/a within a range of uncertainty between 285 and 960 kg/a. Comparison to annual Se loading and other potential removal processes suggests burial by sedimentation is not the primary removal process for Se from the GSL. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.023","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Oliver, W., Fuller, C., Naftz, D.L., Johnson, W., and Diaz, X., 2009, Estimating selenium removal by sedimentation from the Great Salt Lake, Utah: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 5, p. 936-949, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.023.","startPage":"936","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.023"},{"id":243735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b41e4b0c8380cd52645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, W.","contributorId":62050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C.","contributorId":106640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, W.P.","contributorId":43315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diaz, X.","contributorId":87380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032627,"text":"70032627 - 2009 - Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032627","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene","docAbstract":"The first high resolution thallium (Tl) isotope records in two ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts), CD29 and D11 from the Pacific Ocean are presented. The crusts record pronounced but systematic changes in 205Tl/203Tl that are unlikely to reflect diagenetic overprinting or changes in isotope fractionation between seawater and Fe-Mn crusts. It appears more likely that the Fe-Mn crusts track the Tl isotope composition of seawater over time. The present-day oceanic residence time of Tl is estimated to be about 20,000??yr, such that the isotopic composition should reflect ocean-wide events. New and published Os isotope data are used to construct age models for these crusts that are consistent with each other and significantly different from previous age models. Application of these age models reveals that the Tl isotope composition of seawater changed systematically between ~ 55??Ma and ~ 45??Ma. Using a simple box model it is shown that the present day Tl isotope composition of seawater depends almost exclusively on the ratio between the two principal output fluxes of marine Tl. These fluxes are the rate of removal of Tl from seawater via scavenging by authigenic Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide precipitation and the uptake rate of Tl during low temperature alteration of oceanic crust. It is highly unlikely that the latter has changed greatly. Therefore, assuming that the marine Tl budget has also not changed significantly during the Cenozoic, the low 205Tl/203Tl during the Paleocene is best explained by a more than four-fold higher sequestration of Tl by Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides compared with at the present day. The calculated Cenozoic Tl isotopic seawater curve displays a striking similarity to that of S, providing evidence that both systems may have responded to the same change in the marine environment. A plausible explanation is a marked and permanent increase in organic carbon export from ~ 55??Ma to ~ 45??Ma, which led to higher pyrite burial rates and a significantly reduced flux of Fe-Mn oxide removal as a result of increased biological uptake of Fe and Mn. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010","issn":"00128","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, S., Mar-Gerrison, S., Gannoun, A., LaRowe, D., Klemm, V., Halliday, A.N., Burton, K., and Hein, J., 2009, Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 278, no. 3-4, p. 297-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010.","startPage":"297","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487769,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1480213","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010"},{"id":241487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba608e4b08c986b320e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, S.G.","contributorId":49171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mar-Gerrison, S.","contributorId":63629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mar-Gerrison","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gannoun, A.","contributorId":39204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannoun","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRowe, D.","contributorId":74210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRowe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klemm, V.","contributorId":43898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burton, K.W.","contributorId":101399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034979,"text":"70034979 - 2009 - Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A case study of the Yukon River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:50:56","indexId":"70034979","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A case study of the Yukon River, Alaska","docAbstract":"[1] The quality and quantity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported by Arctic rivers is known to vary with hydrology and this exported material plays a fundamental role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon at high latitudes. We highlight the potential of optical measurements to examine DOM quality across the hydrograph in Arctic rivers. Furthermore, we establish chromophoric DOM (CDOM) relationships to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and lignin phenols in the Yukon River and model DOC and lignin loads from CDOM measurements, the former in excellent agreement with long‐term DOC monitoring data. Intensive sampling across the historically under‐sampled spring flush period highlights the importance of this time for total export of DOC and particularly lignin. Calculated riverine DOC loads to the Arctic Ocean show an increase from previous estimates, especially when new higher discharge data are incorporated. Increased DOC loads indicate decreased residence times for terrigenous DOM in the Arctic Ocean with important implications for the reactivity and export of this material to the Atlantic Ocean.