The flow of heat in the subsurface is closely linked to the movement of water (Ingebritsen et al., 2006). As such, heat has been used as a tracer in groundwater studies for more than 100 years (Anderson, 2005). As with chemical and isotopic tracers (Chapter 7), spatial or temporal trends in surface and subsurface temperatures can be used to infer rates of water movement. Temperature can be measured accurately, economically, at high frequencies, and without the need to obtain water samples, facts that make heat an attractive tracer. Temperature measurements made over space and time can be used to infer rates of recharge from a stream or other surface water body (Lapham, 1989; Stonestrom and Constantz, 2003); measurements can also be used to estimate rates of steady drainage through depth intervals within thick unsaturated zones (Constantz et al., 2003; Shan and Bodvarsson, 2004). Several thorough reviews of heat as a tracer in hydrologic studies have recently been published (Constantz et al., 2003; Stonestrom and Constantz, 2003; Anderson, 2005; Blasch et al., 2007; Constantz et al., 2008). This chapter summarizes heat-tracer approaches that have been used to estimate recharge.
Some clarification in terminology is presented here to avoid confusion in descriptions of the various approaches that follow. Diffuse recharge is that which occurs more or less uniformly across large areas in response to precipitation, infiltration, and drainage through the unsaturated zone. Estimates of diffuse recharge determined using measured temperatures in the unsaturated zone are referred to as potential recharge because it is possible that not all of the water moving through the unsaturated zone will recharge the aquifer; some may be lost to the atmosphere by evaporation or plant transpiration. Estimated fluxes across confining units in the saturated zone are referred to as interaquifer flow (Chapter 1). Focused recharge is that which occurs directly from a point or line source, such as a stream, on land surface. Focused recharge may vary widely in space and time. If the water table intersects a stream channel, estimates of stream loss are called actual recharge, or just recharge. If the water table lies below the stream channel, estimates are referred to as potential recharge. For simplicity, all vertical water fluxes are referred to as drainage throughout this chapter. Whether the estimated quantity represents actual or potential recharge or drainage depends on the circumstances of each individual study.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating groundwater recharge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745.009","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2010, Heat tracer methods, chap. 8 of Estimating groundwater recharge, p. 166-179, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.009.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"179","ipdsId":"IP-012662","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bde4b038630d02211c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036455,"text":"70036455 - 2010 - Cyanotoxin mixtures and taste-and-odor compounds in cyanobacterial blooms from the midwestern united states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:18:14","indexId":"70036455","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyanotoxin mixtures and taste-and-odor compounds in cyanobacterial blooms from the midwestern united states","docAbstract":"The mixtures of toxins and taste-and-odor compounds present during cyanobacterial blooms are not well characterized and of particular concern when evaluating potential human health risks. Cyanobacterial blooms were sampled in twenty-three Midwestern United States lakes and analyzed for community composition, thirteen cyanotoxins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassay, and two taste-and-odor compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis and/or Microcystis were dominant in most (96%) blooms, but community composition was not strongly correlated with toxin and taste-and-odor occurrence. Microcystins occurred in all blooms. Total microcystin concentrations measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassay were linearly related (rs = 0.76, p < 0.01) and LC/MS/MS concentrations were lower than or similar to ELISA in most (85%) samples. Geosmin (87%), 2-methylisoborneol (39%), anatoxin-a (30%), saxitoxins (17%), cylindrospermopsins (9%), and nodularin-R (9%) also were present in these blooms. Multiple classes of cyanotoxins occurred in 48% of blooms and 95% had multiple microcystin variants. Toxins and taste-and-odor compounds frequently co-occurred (91% of blooms), indicating odor may serve as a warning that cyanotoxins likely are present. However, toxins occurred more frequently than taste-and-odor compounds, so odor alone does not provide sufficient warning to ensure human-health protection.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es1008938","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., Loftin, K.A., Meyer, M.T., and Ziegler, A., 2010, Cyanotoxin mixtures and taste-and-odor compounds in cyanobacterial blooms from the midwestern united states: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 19, p. 7361-7368, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1008938.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7361","endPage":"7368","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es1008938"},{"id":246381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"44","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd20e4b0c8380cd4e646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. jlgraham@usgs.gov","contributorId":140520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189916,"text":"70189916 - 2010 - Modeling methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189916,"text":"70189916 - 2010 - Modeling methods","indexId":"70189916","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Modeling methods"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70189200,"text":"70189200 - 2010 - Estimating groundwater recharge","indexId":"70189200","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:31:35.616126","indexId":"70189916","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Modeling methods","docAbstract":"Simulation models are widely used in all types of hydrologic studies, and many of these models can be used to estimate recharge. Models can provide important insight into the functioning of hydrologic systems by identifying factors that influence recharge. The predictive capability of models can be used to evaluate how changes in climate, water use, land use, and other factors may affect recharge rates. Most hydrological simulation models, including watershed models and groundwater-flow models, are based on some form of water-budget equation, so the material in this chapter is closely linked to that in Chapter 2. Empirical models that are not based on a water-budget equation have also been used for estimating recharge; these models generally take the form of simple estimation equations that define annual recharge as a function of precipitation and possibly other climatic data or watershed characteristics.
Model complexity varies greatly. Some models are simple accounting models; others attempt to accurately represent the physics of water movement through each compartment of the hydrologic system. Some models provide estimates of recharge explicitly; for example, a model based on the Richards equation can simulate water movement from the soil surface through the unsaturated zone to the water table. Recharge estimates can be obtained indirectly from other models. For example, recharge is a parameter in groundwater-flow models that solve for hydraulic head (i.e. groundwater level). Recharge estimates can be obtained through a model calibration process in which recharge and other model parameter values are adjusted so that simulated water levels agree with measured water levels. The simulation that provides the closest agreement is called the best fit, and the recharge value used in that simulation is the model-generated estimate of recharge.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating groundwater recharge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745.004","isbn":"9780511780745","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2010, Modeling methods, chap. 3 of Estimating groundwater recharge, p. 43-73, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.004.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-017222","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bde4b038630d022120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034064,"text":"70034064 - 2010 - Patterns of mercury dispersion from local and regional emission sources, rural Central Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T09:45:36","indexId":"70034064","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":923,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of mercury dispersion from local and regional emission sources, rural Central Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Simultaneous real-time changes in mercury (Hg) speciation-reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), elemental Hg (Hg??), and fine particulate Hg (Hg-PM2.5), were determined from June to November 2007, in ambient air at three locations in rural Central Wisconsin. Known Hg emission sources within the airshed of the monitoring sites include: 1) a 1114 megawatt (MW) coal-fired electric utility generating station; 2) a Hg-bed chlor-alkali plant; and 3) a smaller (465 MW) coal-burning electric utility. Monitoring sites, showing sporadic elevation of RGM, Hgo and Hg-PM 2.5, were positioned at distances of 25, 50 and 100 km northward of the larger electric utility. A series of RGM events were recorded at each site. The largest, on 23 September, occurred under prevailing southerly winds, with a maximum RGM value (56.8 pg m-3) measured at the 100 km site, and corresponding elevated SO2 (10.41 ppbv; measured at 50 km site). The finding that RGM, Hgo, and Hg-PM2.5 are not always highest at the 25 km site, closest to the large generating station, contradicts the idea that RGM decreases with distance from a large point source. This may be explained if: 1) the 100 km site was influenced by emissions from the chlor-alkali facility or by RGM from regional urban sources; 2) the emission stack height of the larger power plant promoted plume transport at an elevation where the Hg is carried over the closest site; or 3) RGM was being generated in the plume through oxidation of Hgo. Operational changes at each emitter since 2007 should reduce their Hg output, potentially allowing quantification of the environmental benefit in future studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/acp-10-4467-2010","issn":"16807367","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Olson, M., Krabbenhoft, D., Tate, M., and Engle, M.A., 2010, Patterns of mercury dispersion from local and regional emission sources, rural Central Wisconsin, USA: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, v. 10, no. 1, p. 1823-1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4467-2010.","startPage":"1823","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4467-2010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75dde4b0c8380cd77db3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":118001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David P.","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155134,"text":"70155134 - 2010 - Summary of groundwater-recharge estimates for Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T16:43:11","indexId":"70155134","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":143,"text":"Water Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"70","title":"Summary of groundwater-recharge estimates for Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Groundwater recharge is water that infiltrates through the subsurface to the zone of saturation beneath the water table. Because recharge is a difficult parameter to quantify, it is typically estimated from measurements of other parameters like streamflow and precipitation. This report provides a general overview of processes affecting recharge in Pennsylvania and presents estimates of recharge rates from studies at various scales.
The most common method for estimating recharge in Pennsylvania has been to estimate base flow from measurements of streamflow and assume that base flow (expressed in inches over the basin) approximates recharge. Statewide estimates of mean annual groundwater recharge were developed by relating base flow to basin characteristics of HUC10 watersheds (a fifth-level classification that uses 10 digits to define unique hydrologic units) using a regression equation. The regression analysis indicated that mean annual precipitation, average daily maximum temperature, percent of sand in soil, percent of carbonate rock in the watershed, and average stream-channel slope were significant factors in the explaining the variability of groundwater recharge across the Commonwealth.
Several maps are included in this report to illustrate the principal factors affecting recharge and provide additional information about the spatial distribution of recharge in Pennsylvania. The maps portray the patterns of precipitation, temperature, prevailing winds across Pennsylvania’s varied physiography; illustrate the error associated with recharge estimates; and show the spatial variability of recharge as a percent of precipitation. National, statewide, regional, and local values of recharge, based on numerous studies, are compiled to allow comparison of estimates from various sources. Together these plates provide a synopsis of groundwater-recharge estimations and factors in Pennsylvania.
Areas that receive the most recharge are typically those that get the most rainfall, have favorable surface conditions for infiltration, and are less susceptible to the influences of high temperatures, and thus, evapotranspiration. Areas that have less recharge in Pennsylvania are typically those with less precipitation, less permeable soils, and higher temperatures that are conducive to greater rates of evapotranspiration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","usgsCitation":"Reese, S.O., and Risser, D.W., 2010, Summary of groundwater-recharge estimates for Pennsylvania: Water Resource Report 70, ii, 18 p.","productDescription":"ii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-018178","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305760,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/publications/pgspub/water/index.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59181b33e4b044b359e48915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Stuart O.","contributorId":145639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reese","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":16182,"text":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034159,"text":"70034159 - 2010 - Conceptual hierarchical modeling to describe wetland plant community organization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034159","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual hierarchical modeling to describe wetland plant community organization","docAbstract":"Using multivariate analysis, we created a hierarchical modeling process that describes how differently-scaled environmental factors interact to affect wetland-scale plant community organization in a system of small, isolated wetlands on Mount Desert Island, Maine. We followed the procedure: 1) delineate wetland groups using cluster analysis, 2) identify differently scaled environmental gradients using non-metric multidimensional scaling, 3) order gradient hierarchical levels according to spatiotem-poral scale of fluctuation, and 4) assemble hierarchical model using group relationships with ordination axes and post-hoc tests of environmental differences. Using this process, we determined 1) large wetland size and poor surface water chemistry led to the development of shrub fen wetland vegetation, 2) Sphagnum and water chemistry differences affected fen vs. marsh / sedge meadows status within small wetlands, and 3) small-scale hydrologic differences explained transitions between forested vs. non-forested and marsh vs. sedge meadow vegetation. This hierarchical modeling process can help explain how upper level contextual processes constrain biotic community response to lower-level environmental changes. It creates models with more nuanced spatiotemporal complexity than classification and regression tree procedures. Using this process, wetland scientists will be able to generate more generalizable theories of plant community organization, and useful management models. ?? Society of Wetland Scientists 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s13157-009-0010-5","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Little, A., Guntenspergen, G., and Allen, T.F., 2010, Conceptual hierarchical modeling to describe wetland plant community organization: Wetlands, v. 30, no. 1, p. 55-65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-009-0010-5.","startPage":"55","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216785,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-009-0010-5"},{"id":244677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9a7e4b0c8380cd4d6f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Little, A.M.","contributorId":8349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, T. F. H.","contributorId":65342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037327,"text":"70037327 - 2010 - Analysis of solvent dyes in refined petroleum products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:41:44","indexId":"70037327","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of solvent dyes in refined petroleum products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Solvent dyes are used to color refined petroleum products to enable differentiation between gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels. Analysis for these dyes in the hydrocarbon product is difficult due to their very low concentrations in such a complex matrix. Flow injection analysis/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry in both negative and positive mode was used to optimize ionization of ten typical solvent dyes. Samples of hydrocarbon product were analyzed under similar conditions. Positive electrospray ionization produced very complex spectra, which were not suitably specific for targeting only the dyes. Negative electrospray ionization produced simple spectra because aliphatic and aromatic moieties were not ionized. This enabled screening for a target dye in samples of hydrocarbon product from a spill.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.011","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C.E., 2010, Analysis of solvent dyes in refined petroleum products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Fuel, v. 89, no. 5, p. 997-1005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.011.","productDescription":"9p.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1005","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.011"}],"volume":"89","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb31e4b0c8380cd48c97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":460485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036515,"text":"70036515 - 2010 - Beaver dams, hydrological thresholds, and controlled floods as a management tool in a desert riverine ecosystem, Bill Williams River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036515","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beaver dams, hydrological thresholds, and controlled floods as a management tool in a desert riverine ecosystem, Bill Williams River, Arizona","docAbstract":"Beaver convert lotic stream habitat to lentic through dam construction, and the process is reversed when a flood or other event causes dam failure. We investigated both processes on a regulated Sonoran Desert stream, using the criterion that average current velocity is < 0.2 m s-1 in a lentic reach. We estimated temporal change in the lotic:lentic stream length ratio by relating beaver pond length (determined by the upstream lentic-lotic boundary position) to dam size, and coupling that to the dam-size frequency distribution and repeated censuses of dams along the 58-km river. The ratio fell from 19:1 when no beaver dams were present to < 3:1 after 7 years of flows favourable for beaver. We investigated the dam failure-flood intensity relationship in three independent trials (experimental floods) featuring peak discharge ranging from 37 to 65 m3 s-1. Major damage (breach ??? 3-m wide) occurred at ??? 20% of monitored dams (n = 7-86) and a similar or higher proportion was moderately damaged. We detected neither a relationship between dam size and damage level nor a flood discharge threshold for initiating major damage. Dam constituent materials appeared to control the probability of major damage at low (attenuated) flood magnitude. We conclude that environmental flows prescribed to sustain desert riparian forest will also reduce beaver-created lentic habitat in a non-linear manner determined by both beaver dam and flood attributes. Consideration of both desirable and undesirable consequences of ecological engineering by beaver is important when optimizing environmental flows to meet ecological and socioeconomic goals. ?? 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/eco.113","issn":"19360584","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Shafroth, P., 2010, Beaver dams, hydrological thresholds, and controlled floods as a management tool in a desert riverine ecosystem, Bill Williams River, Arizona: Ecohydrology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 325-338, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.113.","startPage":"325","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.113"},{"id":245567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f038e4b0c8380cd4a666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035302,"text":"70035302 - 2010 - Environmental controls on drainage behavior of an ephemeral stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:24:40","indexId":"70035302","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3478,"text":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental controls on drainage behavior of an ephemeral stream","docAbstract":"Streambed drainage was measured at the cessation of 26 ephemeral streamflow events in Rillito Creek, Tucson, Arizona from August 2000 to June 2002 using buried time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. An unusual drainage response was identified, which was characterized by sharp drainage from saturation to near field capacity at each depth with an increased delay between depths. We simulated the drainage response using a variably saturated numerical flow model representing a two-layer system with a high permeability layer overlying a lower permeability layer. Both the observed data and the numerical simulation show a strong correlation between the drainage velocity and the temperature of the stream water. A linear combination of temperature and the no-flow period preceding flow explained about 90% of the measured variations in drainage velocity. Evaluation of this correlative relationship with the one-dimensional numerical flow model showed that the observed temperature fluctuations could not reproduce the magnitude of variation in the observed drainage velocity. Instead, the model results indicated that flow duration exerts the most control on drainage velocity, with the drainage velocity decreasing nonlinearly with increasing flow duration. These findings suggest flow duration is a primary control of water availability for plant uptake in near surface sediments of an ephemeral stream, an important finding for estimating the ecological risk of natural or engineered changes to streamflow patterns. Correlative analyses of soil moisture data, although easy and widely used, can result in erroneous conclusions of hydrologic cause—effect relationships, and demonstrating the need for joint physically-based numerical modeling and data synthesis for hypothesis testing to support quantitative risk analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"http://www.springer.com","doi":"10.1007/s00477-010-0398-8","issn":"14363240","usgsCitation":"Blasch, K., Ferre, T., and Vrugt, J., 2010, Environmental controls on drainage behavior of an ephemeral stream: Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, v. 24, no. 7, p. 1077-1087, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-010-0398-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1087","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215251,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-010-0398-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0594,31.9917 ], [ -111.0594,32.3202 ], [ -110.7082,32.3202 ], [ -110.7082,31.9917 ], [ -111.0594,31.9917 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09b5e4b0c8380cd5201f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blasch, K.W.","contributorId":29877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferre, T.P.A.","contributorId":196167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferre","given":"T.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vrugt, J.A.","contributorId":77378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrugt","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037358,"text":"70037358 - 2010 - Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:57:13","indexId":"70037358","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence","docAbstract":"Although livestock operations are known to harbor elevated levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria, few studies have examined the potential of livestock waste lagoons to reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and examine the behavior of tetracycline [tet(O) and tet(W)] and sulfonamide [sul(I) and su/(II)] ARGsin a broad cross-section of livestock lagoons within the same semiarid western watershed. ARGs were monitored for one year in the water and the settled solids of eight lagoon systems by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, antibiotic residues and various bulk water quality constituents were analyzed. It was found that the lagoons of the chicken layer operation had the lowest concentrations of both tet and sul ARGs and low total antibiotic concentrations, whereas su ARGs were highest in the swine lagoons, which generally corresponded to the highest total antibiotic concentrations. A marginal benefit of organic and small dairy operations also was observed compared to conventional and large dairies, respectively. In all lagoons, su ARGs were observed to be generally more recalcitrant than tet ARGs. Also, positive correlations of various bulk water quality constituents were identified with tet ARGs but not sul ARGs. Significant positive correlations were identified between several metals and tet ARGs, but Pearson's correlation coefficients were mostly lower than those determined between antibiotic residues and ARGs. This study represents a quantitative characterization of ARGs in lagoons across a variety of livestock operations and provides insight into potential options for managing antibiotic resistance emanating from agricultural activities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es9038165","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McKinney, C., Loftin, K.A., Meyer, M.T., Davis, J., and Pruden, A., 2010, Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 16, p. 6102-6109, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9038165.","productDescription":"8p.","startPage":"6102","endPage":"6109","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9038165"}],"volume":"44","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5e5e4b08c986b320d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, C.W.","contributorId":7943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.G.","contributorId":9447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruden, A.","contributorId":11451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035390,"text":"70035390 - 2010 - A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035390","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements","docAbstract":"Process-based models of hillslope evolution require transport equations relating sediment flux to its major controls. An equation for rain splash transport in the absence of overland flow was constructed by modifying an approach developed by Reeve (1982) and parameterizing it with measurements from single-drop laboratory experiments and simulated rainfall on a grassland in East Africa. The equation relates rain splash to hillslope gradient, the median raindrop diameter of a storm, and ground cover density; the effect of soil texture on detachability can be incorporated from other published results. The spatial and temporal applicability of such an equation for rain splash transport in the absence of overland flow on uncultivated hillslopes can be estimated from hydrological calculations. The predicted transport is lower than landscape-averaged geologic erosion rates from Kenya but is large enough to modify short, slowly eroding natural hillslopes as well as microtopographic interrill surfaces between which overland flow transports the mobilized sediment. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009JF001302","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dunne, T., Malmon, D., and Mudd, S., 2010, A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 115, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001302.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475804,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jf001302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001302"},{"id":242876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e528e4b0c8380cd46b84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunne, T.","contributorId":25695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malmon, D.V.","contributorId":22960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"D.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mudd, S.M.","contributorId":19377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudd","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035391,"text":"70035391 - 2010 - Theory, methods and tools for determining environmental flows for riparian vegetation: Riparian vegetation-flow response guilds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035391","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theory, methods and tools for determining environmental flows for riparian vegetation: Riparian vegetation-flow response guilds","docAbstract":"Riparian vegetation composition, structure and abundance are governed to a large degree by river flow regime and flow-mediated fluvial processes. Streamflow regime exerts selective pressures on riparian vegetation, resulting in adaptations (trait syndromes) to specific flow attributes. Widespread modification of flow regimes by humans has resulted in extensive alteration of riparian vegetation communities. Some of the negative effects of altered flow regimes on vegetation may be reversed by restoring components of the natural flow regime. 2. Models have been developed that quantitatively relate components of the flow regime to attributes of riparian vegetation at the individual, population and community levels. Predictive models range from simple statistical relationships, to more complex stochastic matrix population models and dynamic simulation models. Of the dozens of predictive models reviewed here, most treat one or a few species, have many simplifying assumptions such as stable channel form, and do not specify the time-scale of response. In many cases, these models are very effective in developing alternative streamflow management plans for specific river reaches or segments but are not directly transferable to other rivers or other regions. 3. A primary goal in riparian ecology is to develop general frameworks for prediction of vegetation response to changing environmental conditions. The development of riparian vegetation-flow response guilds offers a framework for transferring information from rivers where flow standards have been developed to maintain desirable vegetation attributes, to rivers with little or no existing information. 4. We propose to organise riparian plants into non-phylogenetic groupings of species with shared traits that are related to components of hydrologic regime: life history, reproductive strategy, morphology, adaptations to fluvial disturbance and adaptations to water availability. Plants from any river or region may be grouped into these guilds and related to hydrologic attributes of a specific class of river using probabilistic response curves. 5. Probabilistic models based on riparian response guilds enable prediction of the likelihood of change in each of the response guilds given projected changes in flow, and facilitate examination of trade-offs and risks associated with various flow management strategies. Riparian response guilds can be decomposed to the species level for individual projects or used to develop flow management guidelines for regional water management plans. ?? 2009 Published.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02206.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Merritt, D., Scott, M.L., Leroy, P.N., Auble, G., and Lytle, D., 2010, Theory, methods and tools for determining environmental flows for riparian vegetation: Riparian vegetation-flow response guilds: Freshwater Biology, v. 55, no. 1, p. 206-225, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02206.x.","startPage":"206","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215103,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02206.x"},{"id":242877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb204e4b08c986b325554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, D.M.","contributorId":11025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leroy, Poff N.","contributorId":108330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leroy","given":"Poff","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lytle, D.A.","contributorId":85422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lytle","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037684,"text":"70037684 - 2010 - Natural chlorate in the environment: Application of a new IC-ESI/MS/MS method with a Cl18O3- internal standard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:38:44","indexId":"70037684","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Natural chlorate in the environment: Application of a new IC-ESI/MS/MS method with a Cl18O3- internal standard","title":"Natural chlorate in the environment: Application of a new IC-ESI/MS/MS method with a Cl18O3- internal standard","docAbstract":"A new ion chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (IC-ESI/MS/MS) method has been developed for quantification and confirmation of chlorate (ClO3−) in environmental samples. The method involves the electro-chemical generation of isotopically labeled chlorate internal standard (Cl18O3−) using 18O water (H218O). The standard was added to all samples prior to analysis thereby minimizing the matrix effects that are associated with common ions without the need for expensive sample pretreatments. The method detection limit (MDL) for ClO3− was 2 ng L−1 for a 1 mL volume sample injection. The proposed method was successfully applied to analyze ClO3− in difficult environmental samples including soil and plant leachates. The IC-ESI/MS/MS method described here was also compared to established EPA method 317.0 for ClO3− analysis. Samples collected from a variety of environments previously shown to contain natural perchlorate (ClO4−) occurrence were analyzed using the proposed method and ClO3− was found to co-occur with ClO4− at concentrations ranging from <2 ng L−1 in precipitation from Texas and Puerto Rico to >500 mg kg−1 in caliche salt deposits from the Atacama Desert in Chile. Relatively low concentrations of ClO3− in some natural groundwater samples (<0.1 μg L−1) analyzed in this work may indicate lower stability when compared to ClO4− in the subsurface. The high concentrations of ClO3− in caliches and soils (3−6 orders of magnitude greater) as compared to precipitation samples indicate that ClO3−, like ClO4−, may be atmospherically produced and deposited, then concentrated in dry soils, and is possibly a minor component in the biogeochemical cycle of chlorine.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es1024228","usgsCitation":"Rao, B., Hatzinger, P., Bohlke, J., Sturchio, N.C., Andraski, B.J., Eckardt, F.D., and Jackson, W., 2010, Natural chlorate in the environment: Application of a new IC-ESI/MS/MS method with a Cl18O3- internal standard: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 22, p. 8429-8434, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1024228.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8429","endPage":"8434","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62e8e4b0c8380cd721a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rao, Balaji","contributorId":61677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rao","given":"Balaji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":43204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":88188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eckardt, Frank D.","contributorId":21800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckardt","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jackson, W. Andrew","contributorId":54051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"W. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70037057,"text":"70037057 - 2010 - Measurement and modeling of polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation from sediment for the marine polychaete neanthes arenaceodentata and response to sorbent amendment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:00:31","indexId":"70037057","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement and modeling of polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation from sediment for the marine polychaete neanthes arenaceodentata and response to sorbent amendment","docAbstract":"Bioaccumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata were characterized, including PCB uptake rates from water and sediment, and the effect of sorbent amendment to the sediment on PCB bioavailability, organism growth, and lipid content. Physiological parameters were incorporated into a biodynamic model to predict contaminant uptake. The results indicate rapid PCB uptake from contaminated sediment and significant organism growth dilution during time-series exposure studies. PCB uptake from the aqueous phase accounted for less than 3% of the total uptake for this deposit-feeder. Proportional increase of gut residence time and assimilation efficiency as a consequence of the organism's growth was assessed by PCB uptake and a reactor theory model of gut architecture. Pulse-chase feeding and multilabeled stable isotope tracing techniques proved high sediment ingestion rates (i.e., 6?10 times of dry body weight per day) indicating that such deposit-feeders are promising biological indicators for sediment risk assessment. Activated carbon amendment reduced PCB uptake by 95% in laboratory experiments with no observed adverse growth effects on the marine polychaete. Biodynamic modeling explained the observed PCB body burdens for N. arenaceodentata, with and without sorbent amendment.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es901632e","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Janssen, E., Croteau, M.N., Luoma, S., and Luthy, R., 2010, Measurement and modeling of polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation from sediment for the marine polychaete neanthes arenaceodentata and response to sorbent amendment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 8, p. 2857-2863, https://doi.org/10.1021/es901632e.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2857","endPage":"2863","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es901632e"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52ebe4b0c8380cd6c76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, E.M.-L.","contributorId":103121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"E.M.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthy, R.G.","contributorId":36335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037658,"text":"70037658 - 2010 - Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water - A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:59:21","indexId":"70037658","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water - A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","docAbstract":"Transformations of phosphate (Pi) in different soil fractions were tracked using the stable isotopic composition of oxygen in phosphate (δ18Op) and Pi concentrations. Clay soil from Israel was treated with either reclaimed waste water (secondary, low grade) or with fresh water amended with a chemical fertilizer of a known isotopic signature. Changes of δ18Opand Pi within different soil fractions, during a month of incubation, elucidate biogeochemical processes in the soil, revealing the biological and the chemical transformation impacting the various P pools. P in the soil solution is affected primarily by enzymatic activity that yields isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. The dissolved P interacts rapidly with the loosely bound P (extracted by bicarbonate). The oxides and mineral P fractions (extracted by NaOH and HCl, respectively), which are considered as relatively stable pools of P, also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to the activity of microbial populations associated with soil surfaces. Specifically, isotopic depletion which could result from organic P mineralization was followed by isotopic enrichment which could result from preferential biological uptake of depleted P from the mineralized pool. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with reclaimed waste water compared to the fertilizer treated soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.002","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Zohar, I., Shaviv, A., Young, M., Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., and Paytan, A., 2010, Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water - A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate: Geoderma, v. 159, no. 1-2, p. 109-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.002"},{"id":245951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78b7e4b0c8380cd78774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zohar, I.","contributorId":73858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohar","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaviv, A.","contributorId":19413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaviv","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, M.","contributorId":57428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037641,"text":"70037641 - 2010 - Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037641","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1198,"text":"Catena","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts","docAbstract":"We compared short-term effects of lug-soled boot trampling disturbance on water infiltration and soil erodibility on coarse-textured soils covered by a mixture of fine gravel and coarse sand over weak cyanobacterially-dominated biological soil crusts. Trampling significantly reduced final infiltration rate and total infiltration and increased sediment generation from small (0.5m2) rainfall simulation plots (p<0.01). Trampling had no effect on time to runoff or time to peak runoff. Trampling had similar effects at sites with both low and very low levels of cyanobacterial biomass, as indicated by chlorophyll a concentrations. We concluded that trampling effects are relatively independent of differences in the relatively low levels of cyanobacterial biomass in this environment. Instead, trampling appears to reduce infiltration by significantly reducing the cover of gravel and coarse sand on the soil surface, facilitating the development of a physical crust during rainfall events. The results of this study underscore the importance of carefully characterizing both soil physical and biological properties to understand how disturbance affects ecosystem processes. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catena","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007","issn":"03418162","usgsCitation":"Herrick, J.E., Van Zee, J.W., Belnap, J., Johansen, J., and Remmenga, M., 2010, Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts: Catena, v. 83, no. 2-3, p. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218091,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a101fe4b0c8380cd53b28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrick, J. E.","contributorId":84709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Zee, J. W.","contributorId":61012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Zee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johansen, J.R.","contributorId":25773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johansen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Remmenga, M.","contributorId":13846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remmenga","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037608,"text":"70037608 - 2010 - Simulation and analysis of conjunctive use with MODFLOW's farm process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:19:23","indexId":"70037608","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation and analysis of conjunctive use with MODFLOW's farm process","docAbstract":"The extension of MODFLOW onto the landscape with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) facilitates fully coupled simulation of the use and movement of water from precipitation, streamflow and runoff, groundwater flow, and consumption by natural and agricultural vegetation throughout the hydrologic system at all times. This allows for more complete analysis of conjunctive use water-resource systems than previously possible with MODFLOW by combining relevant aspects of the landscape with the groundwater and surface water components. This analysis is accomplished using distributed cell-by-cell supply-constrained and demand-driven components across the landscape within \" water-balance subregions\" comprised of one or more model cells that can represent a single farm, a group of farms, or other hydrologic or geopolitical entities. Simulation of micro-agriculture in the Pajaro Valley and macro-agriculture in the Central Valley are used to demonstrate the utility of MF-FMP. For Pajaro Valley, the simulation of an aquifer storage and recovery system and related coastal water distribution system to supplant coastal pumpage was analyzed subject to climate variations and additional supplemental sources such as local runoff. For the Central Valley, analysis of conjunctive use from different hydrologic settings of northern and southern subregions shows how and when precipitation, surface water, and groundwater are important to conjunctive use. The examples show that through MF-FMP's ability to simulate natural and anthropogenic components of the hydrologic cycle, the distribution and dynamics of supply and demand can be analyzed, understood, and managed. This analysis of conjunctive use would be difficult without embedding them in the simulation and are difficult to estimate a priori. Journal compilation ?? 2010 National Ground Water Association. No claim to original US government works.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00730.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Schmid, W., Faunt, C., and Lockwood, B., 2010, Simulation and analysis of conjunctive use with MODFLOW's farm process: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 5, p. 674-689, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00730.x.","startPage":"674","endPage":"689","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218064,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00730.x"},{"id":246044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fe4e4b08c986b3191d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmid, W.","contributorId":103479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lockwood, B.","contributorId":59660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037567,"text":"70037567 - 2010 - Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-05T08:23:57","indexId":"70037567","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations","docAbstract":"Hydrologic cycle intensification is an expected manifestation of a warming climate. Although positive trends in several global average quantities have been reported, no previous studies have documented broad intensification across elements of the Arctic freshwater cycle (FWC). In this study, the authors examine the character and quantitative significance of changes in annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge across the terrestrial pan-Arctic over the past several decades from observations and a suite of coupled general circulation models (GCMs). Trends in freshwater flux and storage derived from observations across the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas are also described.\n\nWith few exceptions, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge fluxes from observations and the GCMs exhibit positive trends. Significant positive trends above the 90% confidence level, however, are not present for all of the observations. Greater confidence in the GCM trends arises through lower interannual variability relative to trend magnitude. Put another way, intrinsic variability in the observations tends to limit confidence in trend robustness. Ocean fluxes are less certain, primarily because of the lack of long-term observations. Where available, salinity and volume flux data suggest some decrease in saltwater inflow to the Barents Sea (i.e., a decrease in freshwater outflow) in recent decades. A decline in freshwater storage across the central Arctic Ocean and suggestions that large-scale circulation plays a dominant role in freshwater trends raise questions as to whether Arctic Ocean freshwater flows are intensifying. Although oceanic fluxes of freshwater are highly variable and consistent trends are difficult to verify, the other components of the Arctic FWC do show consistent positive trends over recent decades. The broad-scale increases provide evidence that the Arctic FWC is experiencing intensification. Efforts that aim to develop an adequate observation system are needed to reduce uncertainties and to detect and document ongoing changes in all system components for further evidence of Arctic FWC intensification.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Rawlins, M., Steele, M., Holland, M., Adam, J., Cherry, J., Francis, J., Groisman, P., Hinzman, L., Huntington, T., Kane, D., Kimball, J., Kwok, R., Lammers, R., Lee, C., Lettenmaier, D., McDonald, K., Podest, E., Pundsack, J., Rudels, B., Serreze, M.C., Shiklomanov, A., Skagseth, O., Troy, T., Vorosmarty, C., Wensnahan, M., Wood, E., Woodgate, R., Yang, D., Zhang, K., and Zhang, T., 2010, Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations: Journal of Climate, v. 23, no. 21, p. 5715-5737, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"5715","endPage":"5737","ipdsId":"IP-017451","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475785,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3421.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1"}],"volume":"23","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb38e4b0c8380cd48cc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawlins, M.A.","contributorId":73445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlins","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, M.","contributorId":96122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, M.M.","contributorId":13074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adam, J.C.","contributorId":23793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherry, J.E.","contributorId":77398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Francis, J.A.","contributorId":64490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Groisman, P.Y.","contributorId":43603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groisman","given":"P.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hinzman, L. 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In the Colorado River Basin, the early 21st century drought has been the most extreme in over a century of Colorado River flows, and might occur in any given century with probability of only 60%. However, hydrological model runs from downscaled Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment climate change simulations suggest that the region is likely to become drier and experience more severe droughts than this. In the latter half of the 21st century the models produced considerably greater drought activity, particularly in the Colorado River Basin, as judged from soil moisture anomalies and other hydrological measures. As in the historical record, most of the simulated extreme droughts build up and persist over many years. Durations of depleted soil moisture over the historical record ranged from 4 to 10 years, but in the 21st century simulations, some of the dry events persisted for 12 years or more. Summers during the observed early 21st century drought were remarkably warm, a feature also evident in many simulated droughts of the 21st century. These severe future droughts are aggravated by enhanced, globally warmed temperatures that reduce spring snowpack and late spring and summer soil moisture. As the climate continues to warm and soil moisture deficits accumulate beyond historical levels, the model simulations suggest that sustaining water supplies in parts of the Southwest will be a challenge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0912391107","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Das, T., Pierce, D., Barnett, T., Tyree, M., and Gershunova, A., 2010, Future dryness in the Southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 107, no. 50, p. 21271-21276, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912391107.","startPage":"21271","endPage":"21276","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475782,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3003012","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912391107"},{"id":245963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1431e4b0c8380cd5494c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tyree, Mary","contributorId":85414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyree","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gershunova, A.","contributorId":35993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gershunova","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037539,"text":"70037539 - 2010 - Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037539","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties","docAbstract":"The presence of clays in fault rocks influences both the mechanical and hydrologic properties of clay-bearing faults, and therefore it is critical to understand the origin of clays in fault rocks and their distributions is of great importance for defining fundamental properties of faults in the shallow crust. Field mapping shows that layers of clay gouge and shale smear are common along the Moab Fault, from exposures with throws ranging from 10 to ???1000 m. Elemental analyses of four locations along the Moab Fault show that fault rocks are enriched in clays at R191 and Bartlett Wash, but that this clay enrichment occurred at different times and was associated with different fluids. Fault rocks at Corral and Courthouse Canyons show little difference in elemental composition from adjacent protolith, suggesting that formation of fault rocks at those locations is governed by mechanical processes. Friction tests show that these authigenic clays result in fault zone weakening, and potentially influence the style of failure along the fault (seismogenic vs. aseismic) and potentially influence the amount of fluid loss associated with coseismic dilation. Scanning electron microscopy shows that authigenesis promotes that continuity of slip surfaces, thereby enhancing seal capacity. The occurrence of the authigenesis, and its influence on the sealing properties of faults, highlights the importance of determining the processes that control this phenomenon. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Solum, J., Davatzes, N., and Lockner, D., 2010, Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 32, no. 12, p. 1899-1911, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1911","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218059,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009"},{"id":246039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f20e4b0c8380cd537a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solum, J.G.","contributorId":79280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solum","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davatzes, N.C.","contributorId":59219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davatzes","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037519,"text":"70037519 - 2010 - Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70037519","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River","docAbstract":"Large flood events were part of the historical disturbance regime within the lower basin of most large river systems around the world. Large flood events are now rare in the lower basins of most large river systems due to flood control structures. Endemic organisms that are adapted to this historical disturbance regime have become less abundant due to these dramatic changes in the hydrology and the resultant changes in vegetation structure. The Yuma Clapper Rail is a federally endangered bird that breeds in emergent marshes within the lower Colorado River basin in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. We evaluated whether prescribed fire could be used as a surrogate disturbance event to help restore historical conditions for the benefit of Yuma Clapper Rails and four sympatric marsh-dependent birds. We conducted call-broadcast surveys for marsh birds within burned and unburned (control) plots both pre-and post-burn. Fire increased the numbers of Yuma Clapper Rails and Virginia Rails, and did not affect the numbers of Black Rails, Soras, and Least Bitterns. We found no evidence that detection probability of any of the five species differed between burn and control plots. Our results suggest that prescribed fire can be used to set back succession of emergent marshlands and help mimic the natural disturbance regime in the lower Colorado River basin. Hence, prescribed fire can be used to help increase Yuma Clapper Rail populations without adversely affecting sympatric species. Implementing a coordinated long-term fire management plan within marshes of the lower Colorado River may allow regulatory agencies to remove the Yuma Clapper Rail from the endangered species list. ?? 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/09-1624.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., Nadeau, C., and Piest, L., 2010, Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 7, p. 2024-2035, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1624.1.","startPage":"2024","endPage":"2035","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1624.1"},{"id":245890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a103fe4b0c8380cd53bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nadeau, C.P.","contributorId":98426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piest, L.","contributorId":27724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piest","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034186,"text":"70034186 - 2010 - The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): A new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034186","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): A new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards","docAbstract":"The flow regime is a primary determinant of the structure and function of aquatic and riparian ecosystems for streams and rivers. Hydrologic alteration has impaired riverine ecosystems on a global scale, and the pace and intensity of human development greatly exceeds the ability of scientists to assess the effects on a river-by-river basis. Current scientific understanding of hydrologic controls on riverine ecosystems and experience gained from individual river studies support development of environmental flow standards at the regional scale. 2. This paper presents a consensus view from a group of international scientists on a new framework for assessing environmental flow needs for many streams and rivers simultaneously to foster development and implementation of environmental flow standards at the regional scale. This framework, the ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA), is a synthesis of a number of existing hydrologic techniques and environmental flow methods that are currently being used to various degrees and that can support comprehensive regional flow management. The flexible approach allows scientists, water-resource managers and stakeholders to analyse and synthesise available scientific information into ecologically based and socially acceptable goals and standards for management of environmental flows. 3. The ELOHA framework includes the synthesis of existing hydrologic and ecological databases from many rivers within a user-defined region to develop scientifically defensible and empirically testable relationships between flow alteration and ecological responses. These relationships serve as the basis for the societally driven process of developing regional flow standards. This is to be achieved by first using hydrologic modelling to build a 'hydrologic foundation' of baseline and current hydrographs for stream and river segments throughout the region. Second, using a set of ecologically relevant flow variables, river segments within the region are classified into a few distinctive flow regime types that are expected to have different ecological characteristics. These river types can be further subclassified according to important geomorphic features that define hydraulic habitat features. Third, the deviation of current-condition flows from baseline-condition flow is determined. Fourth, flow alteration-ecological response relationships are developed for each river type, based on a combination of existing hydroecological literature, expert knowledge and field studies across gradients of hydrologic alteration. 4. Scientific uncertainty will exist in the flow alteration-ecological response relationships, in part because of the confounding of hydrologic alteration with other important environmental determinants of river ecosystem condition (e.g. temperature). Application of the ELOHA framework should therefore occur in a consensus context where stakeholders and decision-makers explicitly evaluate acceptable risk as a balance between the perceived value of the ecological goals, the economic costs involved and the scientific uncertainties in functional relationships between ecological responses and flow alteration. 5. The ELOHA framework also should proceed in an adaptive management context, where collection of monitoring data or targeted field sampling data allows for testing of the proposed flow alteration-ecological response relationships. This empirical validation process allows for a fine-tuning of environmental flow management targets. The ELOHA framework can be used both to guide basic research in hydroecology and to further implementation of more comprehensive environmental flow management of freshwater sustainability on a global scale. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Poff, N., Richter, B.D., Arthington, A., Bunn, S., Naiman, R., Kendy, E., Acreman, M., Apse, C., Bledsoe, B., Freeman, M.C., Henriksen, J., Jacobson, R., Kennen, J., Merritt, D., O’Keeffe, J.H., Olden, J., Rogers, K., Tharme, R., and Warner, A., 2010, The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): A new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards: Freshwater Biology, v. 55, no. 1, p. 147-170, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x.","startPage":"147","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475809,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x"},{"id":244580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaf9e4b08c986b322b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, B. D.","contributorId":48518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arthington, A.H.","contributorId":89748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthington","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunn, S.E.","contributorId":85009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunn","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naiman, R.J.","contributorId":14354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naiman","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendy, E.","contributorId":82117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendy","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Acreman, M.","contributorId":15040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acreman","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Apse, C.","contributorId":15041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apse","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bledsoe, B.P.","contributorId":84189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bledsoe","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Henriksen, J.","contributorId":26905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jacobson, R. 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H.","contributorId":41247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Keeffe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Olden, J. D.","contributorId":12281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olden","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Rogers, K.","contributorId":82823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tharme, R.E.","contributorId":14223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharme","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Warner, A.","contributorId":68137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70037480,"text":"70037480 - 2010 - An approach to quantify sources, seasonal change, and biogeochemical processes affecting metal loading in streams: Facilitating decisions for remediation of mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:16:02","indexId":"70037480","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach to quantify sources, seasonal change, and biogeochemical processes affecting metal loading in streams: Facilitating decisions for remediation of mine drainage","docAbstract":"Historical mining has left complex problems in catchments throughout the world. Land managers are faced with making cost-effective plans to remediate mine influences. Remediation plans are facilitated by spatial mass-loading profiles that indicate the locations of metal mass-loading, seasonal changes, and the extent of biogeochemical processes. Field-scale experiments during both low- and high-flow conditions and time-series data over diel cycles illustrate how this can be accomplished. A low-flow experiment provided spatially detailed loading profiles to indicate where loading occurred. For example, SO42 - was principally derived from sources upstream from the study reach, but three principal locations also were important for SO42 - loading within the reach. During high-flow conditions, Lagrangian sampling provided data to interpret seasonal changes and indicated locations where snowmelt runoff flushed metals to the stream. Comparison of metal concentrations between the low- and high-flow experiments indicated substantial increases in metal loading at high flow, but little change in metal concentrations, showing that toxicity at the most downstream sampling site was not substantially greater during snowmelt runoff. During high-flow conditions, a detailed temporal sampling at fixed sites indicated that Zn concentration more than doubled during the diel cycle. Monitoring programs must account for diel variation to provide meaningful results. Mass-loading studies during different flow conditions and detailed time-series over diel cycles provide useful scientific support for stream management decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.005","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R., and Walton-Day, K., 2010, An approach to quantify sources, seasonal change, and biogeochemical processes affecting metal loading in streams: Facilitating decisions for remediation of mine drainage: Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 5, p. 728-740, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.005.","startPage":"728","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.005"},{"id":245042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea0ce4b0c8380cd485d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037438,"text":"70037438 - 2010 - Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to explore geochemical taphonomy of vertebrate fossils in the upper cretaceous two medicine and Judith River formations of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037438","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to explore geochemical taphonomy of vertebrate fossils in the upper cretaceous two medicine and Judith River formations of Montana","docAbstract":"Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to determine rare earth element (REE) content of 76 fossil bones collected from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine (TMF) and Judith River (JRF) Formations of Montana. REE content is distinctive at the formation scale, with TMF samples exhibiting generally higher overall REE content and greater variability in REE enrichment than JRF samples. Moreover, JRF bones exhibit relative enrichment in heavy REE, whereas TMF bones span heavy and light enrichment fields in roughly equal proportions. TMF bones are also characterized by more negative Ce anomalies and greater U enrichment than JRF bones, which is consistent with more oxidizing diagenetic conditions in the TMF. Bonebeds in both formations show general consistency in REE content, with no indication of spatial or temporal mixing within sites. Previous studies, however, suggest that the bonebeds in question are attritional assemblages that accumulated over considerable time spans. The absence of geochemical evidence for mixing is consistent with diagenesis transpiring in settings that remained chemically and hydrologically stable during recrystallization. Lithology-related patterns in REE content were also compared, and TMF bones recovered from fluvial sandstones show relative enrichment in heavy REE when compared with bones recovered from fine-grained floodplain deposits. In contrast, JRF bones, regardless of lithologic context (sandstone versus mudstone), exhibit similar patterns of REE uptake. This result is consistent with previous reconstructions that suggest that channel-hosted microfossil bonebeds of the JRF developed via the reworking of preexisting concentrations embedded in the interfluve. Geochemical data further indicate that reworked elements were potentially delivered to channels in a recrystallized condition, which is consistent with rapid adsorption of REE postmortem. Copyright ?? 2010, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaios","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/palo.2009.p09-084r","issn":"08831351","usgsCitation":"Rogers, R., Fricke, H., Addona, V., Canavan, R., Dwyer, C., Harwood, C., Koenig, A., Murray, R., Thole, J., and Williams, J., 2010, Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to explore geochemical taphonomy of vertebrate fossils in the upper cretaceous two medicine and Judith River formations of Montana: Palaios, v. 25, no. 3, p. 183-195, https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2009.p09-084r.","startPage":"183","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2009.p09-084r"},{"id":245267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc066e4b08c986b32a0d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, R.R.","contributorId":14228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fricke, H.C.","contributorId":78177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fricke","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addona, V.","contributorId":79732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addona","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canavan, R.R.","contributorId":18207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canavan","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dwyer, C.N.","contributorId":52814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harwood, C.L.","contributorId":13838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koenig, A.E. 0000-0002-5230-0924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":23679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murray, R.","contributorId":80440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thole, J.T.","contributorId":56071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thole","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Williams, J.","contributorId":76270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037436,"text":"70037436 - 2010 - Geochronology and paleoclimatic implications of the last deglaciation of the Mauna Kea Ice Cap, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037436","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronology and paleoclimatic implications of the last deglaciation of the Mauna Kea Ice Cap, Hawaii","docAbstract":"We present new 3He surface exposure ages on moraines and bedrock near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, which refine the age of the Mauna Kea Ice Cap during the Local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM) and identify a subsequent fluctuation of the ice margin. The 3He ages, when combined with those reported previously, indicate that the local ice-cap margin began to retreat from its LLGM extent at 20.5??2.5ka, in agreement with the age of deglaciation determined from LLGM moraines elsewhere in the tropics. The ice-cap margin receded to a position at least 3km upslope for ~4.5-5.0kyr before readvancing nearly to its LLGM extent. The timing of this readvance at ~15.4ka corresponds to a large reduction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) following Heinrich Event 1. Subsequent ice-margin retreat began at 14.6??1.9ka, corresponding to a rapid resumption of the AMOC and onset of the B??lling warm interval, with the ice cap melting rapidly to complete deglaciation. Additional 3He ages obtained from a flood deposit date the catastrophic outburst of a moraine-dammed lake roughly coeval with the Younger Dryas cold interval, suggesting a more active hydrological cycle on Mauna Kea at this time. A coupled mass balance and ice dynamics model is used to constrain the climate required to generate ice caps of LLGM and readvance sizes. The depression of the LLGM equilibrium line altitude requires atmospheric cooling of 4.5??1??C, whereas the mass balance modeling indicates an accompanying increase in precipitation of as much as three times that of present. We hypothesize (1) that the LLGM temperature depression was associated with global cooling, (2) that the temperature depression that contributed to the readvance occurred in response to an atmospheric teleconnection to the North Atlantic, and (3) that the precipitation enhancement associated with both events occurred in response to a southward shift in the position of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Such a shift in the ITCZ would have allowed midlatitude cyclones to reach Mauna Kea more frequently which would have increased precipitation at high elevations and caused additional cooling. ?? 2010 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.025","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Anslow, F.S., Clark, P., Kurz, M., and Hostetler, S.W., 2010, Geochronology and paleoclimatic implications of the last deglaciation of the Mauna Kea Ice Cap, Hawaii: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 297, no. 1-2, p. 234-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.025.","startPage":"234","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217300,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.025"}],"volume":"297","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1732e4b0c8380cd55409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anslow, Faron S.","contributorId":35442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anslow","given":"Faron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, P.U.","contributorId":78449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"P.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurz, M.D.","contributorId":66845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurz","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hostetler, S. 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