A layer of breccia that contains fragments of impact ejecta has been found at 10 sites in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, in the Lake Superior region of the United States. Radiometric age constraints from events predating and postdating deposition of the breccia are ca. 1875 Ma and 1830 Ma. The major bolide impact that occurred at 1850 Ma at Sudbury, Ontario, 500–700 km east of these sites, is the likely causative event. The Michigan sites described here, along with previously described sites in Minnesota and Ontario, define an extensive ejecta-bearing deposit throughout the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of the Lake Superior region that we refer to as the Sudbury impact layer. The layer at the sites in Michigan exhibits a range of thicknesses, lithologic characters, and sedimentary settings. The diversity of rock types and internal stratigraphic details of the layer imply that several different processes of transport and deposition are represented, but the detailed investigations needed to document them are incomplete. Many of the sites had been described and interpreted previously as products of common terrestrial processes, but the presence of relict shock-induced planar deformation features in quartz indicates that the breccia layer is in fact the product of an extraterrestrial impact. At most localities, this layer also contains relict fragments of altered devitrified glass and/or accretionary lapilli. One immediate use of the impact layer is as an ultraprecise time line that ties together the well-known stratigraphic sequences of the various geographically separated iron ranges, the correlation of which has remained controversial for many decades. The Sudbury impact layer most commonly lies at a horizon that records a significant change in the character of sediments across the region. The impact layer marks the end of a major period of banded iron formation deposition that was succeeded by deposition of fine clastic rocks, commonly black shales. The impact may have produced regional, if not global, changes in the environment that resulted in this widespread synchronous change in sedimentation style.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B26517.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W., Schulz, K.J., Horton, J., and King, D.A., 2010, The Sudbury impact layer in the paleoproterozoiciron ranges of northern Michigan, USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 122, no. 1-2, p. 50-75, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26517.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-010604","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26517.1"},{"id":245111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba913e4b08c986b322033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. whorton@usgs.gov","contributorId":139352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, David A.","contributorId":7160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043836,"text":"70043836 - 2010 - Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-10T12:17:34","indexId":"70043836","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3689,"text":"Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp","docAbstract":"The rise of aquaculture has been one of the most profound changes in global food production of the past 100 years. Driven by population growth, rising demand for seafood and a levelling of production from capture fisheries, the practice of farming aquatic animals has expanded rapidly to become a major global industry. Aquaculture is now integral to the economies of many countries. It has provided employment and been a major driver of socio-economic development in poor rural and coastal communities, particularly in Asia, and has relieved pressure on the sustainability of the natural harvest from our rivers, lakes and oceans. However, the rapid growth of aquaculture has also been the source of anthropogenic change on a massive scale. Aquatic animals have been displaced from their natural environment, cultured in high density, exposed to environmental stress, provided artificial or unnatural feeds, and a prolific global trade has developed in both live aquatic animals and their products. At the same time, over-exploitation of fisheries and anthropogenic stress on aquatic ecosystems has placed pressure on wild fish populations. Not surprisingly, the consequence has been the emergence and spread of an increasing array of new diseases. This review examines the rise and characteristics of aquaculture, the major viral pathogens of fish and shrimp and their impacts, and the particular characteristics of disease emergence in an aquatic, rather than terrestrial, context. It also considers the potential for future disease emergence in aquatic animals as aquaculture continues to expand and faces the challenges presented by climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Veterinary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EDP Sciences","publisherLocation":"France","doi":"10.1051/vetres/2010022","usgsCitation":"Winton, J.R., and Walker, P.J., 2010, Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp: Veterinary Research, v. 41, no. 6, p. 51-75, https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010022.","startPage":"51","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-019740","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269023,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010022"}],"country":"United States","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd576ce4b0b290850f776d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Peter J.","contributorId":24658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033783,"text":"70033783 - 2010 - The ShakeOut earthquake scenario: Verification of three simulation sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033783","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ShakeOut earthquake scenario: Verification of three simulation sets","docAbstract":"This paper presents a verification of three simulations of the ShakeOut scenario, an Mw 7.8 earthquake on a portion of the San Andreas fault in southern California, conducted by three different groups at the Southern California Earthquake Center using the SCEC Community Velocity Model for this region. We conducted two simulations using the finite difference method, and one by the finite element method, and performed qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the corresponding results. The results are in good agreement with each other; only small differences occur both in amplitude and phase between the various synthetics at ten observation points located near and away from the fault-as far as 150 km away from the fault. Using an available goodness-of-fit criterion all the comparisons scored above 8, with most above 9.2. This score would be regarded as excellent if the measurements were between recorded and synthetic seismograms. We also report results of comparisons based on time-frequency misfit criteria. Results from these two criteria can be used for calibrating the two methods for comparing seismograms. In those cases in which noticeable discrepancies occurred between the seismograms generated by the three groups, we found that they were the product of inherent characteristics of the various numerical methods used and their implementations. In particular, we found that the major source of discrepancy lies in the difference between mesh and grid representations of the same material model. Overall, however, even the largest differences in the synthetic seismograms are small. Thus, given the complexity of the simulations used in this verification, it appears that the three schemes are consistent, reliable and sufficiently accurate and robust for use in future large-scale simulations. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04417.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Bielak, J., Graves, R., Olsen, K., Taborda, R., Ramirez-Guzman, L., Day, S., Ely, G., Roten, D., Jordan, T., Maechling, P., Urbanic, J., Cui, Y., and Juve, G., 2010, The ShakeOut earthquake scenario: Verification of three simulation sets: Geophysical Journal International, v. 180, no. 1, p. 375-404, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04417.x.","startPage":"375","endPage":"404","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487725,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04417.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04417.x"},{"id":242231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8e7e4b08c986b321f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bielak, J.","contributorId":88572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bielak","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, R.W. 0000-0001-9758-453X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":77691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, K.B.","contributorId":66022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taborda, R.","contributorId":19792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taborda","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, L.","contributorId":60459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Day, S.M.","contributorId":41425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ely, G.P.","contributorId":97719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roten, D.","contributorId":73836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roten","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jordan, T.H.","contributorId":83320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Maechling, P.J.","contributorId":24582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maechling","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Urbanic, J.","contributorId":47597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanic","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cui, Y.","contributorId":93717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Juve, G.","contributorId":49993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juve","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70034008,"text":"70034008 - 2010 - Occurrence of organic wastewater and other contaminants in cave streams in northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:23:35","indexId":"70034008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of organic wastewater and other contaminants in cave streams in northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas","docAbstract":"The prevalence of organic wastewater compounds in surface waters of the United States has been reported in a number of recent studies. In karstic areas, surface contaminants might be transported to groundwater and, ultimately, cave ecosystems, where they might impact resident biota. In this study, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCISs) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in six caves and two surface-water sites located within the Ozark Plateau of northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas in order to detect potential chemical contaminants in these systems. All caves sampled were known to contain populations of the threatened Ozark cavefish (Amblyopsis rosae). The surface-water site in Oklahoma was downstream from the outfall of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and a previous study indicated a hydrologic link between this stream and one of the caves. A total of 83 chemicals were detected in the POCIS and SPMD extracts from the surface-water and cave sites. Of these, 55 chemicals were detected in the caves. Regardless of the sampler used, more compounds were detected in the Oklahoma surface-water site than in the Arkansas site or the caves. The organic wastewater chemicals with the greatest mass measured in the sampler extracts included sterols (cholesterol and ??-sitosterol), plasticizers [diethylhexylphthalate and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate], the herbicide bromacil, and the fragrance indole. Sampler extracts from most of the cave sites did not contain many wastewater contaminants, although extracts from samplers in the Oklahoma surfacewater site and the cave hydrologically linked to it had similar levels of diethylhexyphthalate and common detections of carbamazapine, sulfamethoxazole, benzophenone, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), and octophenol monoethoxylate. Further evaluation of this system is warranted due to potential ongoing transport of wastewaterassociated chemicals into the cave. Halogenated organics found in caves and surface-water sites included brominated flame retardants, organochlorine pesticides (chlordane and nonachlor), and polychlorinated biphenyls. The placement of samplers in the caves (near the cave mouth compared to farther in the system) might have influenced the number of halogenated organics detected due to possible aerial transport of residues. Guano from cave-dwelling bats also might have been a source of some of these chlorinated organics. Seven-day survival and growth bioassays with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to samples of cave water indicated initial toxicity in water from two of the caves, but these effects were transient, with no toxicity observed in follow-up tests.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00244-009-9388-6","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Bidwell, J.R., Becker, C., Hensley, S., Stark, R., and Meyer, M.T., 2010, Occurrence of organic wastewater and other contaminants in cave streams in northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 58, no. 2, p. 286-298, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9388-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9388-6"}],"country":"United States","volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bfde4b0c8380cd749e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bidwell, Joseph R.","contributorId":105122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Carol 0000-0001-6652-4542 cjbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-4542","contributorId":2489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Carol","email":"cjbecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensley, S.","contributorId":6175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stark, R.","contributorId":56886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034037,"text":"70034037 - 2010 - Erosion and vegetation restoration impacts on ecosystem carbon dynamics in South China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T12:24:17.597025","indexId":"70034037","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion and vegetation restoration impacts on ecosystem carbon dynamics in South China","docAbstract":"To quantify the consequences of erosion and vegetation restoration on ecosystem C dynamics (a key element in understanding the terrestrial C cycle), field measurements were collected since 1959 at two experimental sites set up on highly disturbed barren land in South China. One site had received vegetation restoration (the restored site) while the other received no planting and remained barren (the barren site). The Erosion-Deposition Carbon Model (EDCM) was used to simulate the ecosystem C dynamics at both sites. The on-site observations in 2007 showed that soil organic C (SOC) storage in the top 80-cm soil layer at the barren site was 50.3 ± 3.5 Mg C ha−1, half that of the restored site. The SOC and surface soil loss by erosion at the restored site from 1959 to 2007 was 3.7 Mg C ha−1 and 2.2 cm, respectively—one-third and one-eighth that of the barren site. The on-site C sequestration in SOC and vegetation at the restored site was 0.67 and 2.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively, from 1959 to 2007, driven largely by tree growth and high atmospheric N deposition in the study area. Simulated findings suggested that higher N deposition resulted in higher on-site SOC storage in the soil profile (with SOC in the top 20-cm layer increasing more significantly), and higher on-site ecosystem C sequestration as long as N saturation was not reached. Lacking human-induced vegetation recovery, the barren site remained as barren land from 1959 to 2007 and the on-site C decrease was 0.28 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 Our study clearly indicated that vegetation restoration and burial by soil erosion provide a large potential C sink in terrestrial ecosystems.
1. Observed and predicted declines in Arctic sea ice have raised concerns about marine mammals. In May 2008, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed polar bears (Ursus maritimus) - one of the most ice-dependent marine mammals - as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. 2. We evaluated the effects of sea ice conditions on vital rates (survival and breeding probabilities) for polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea. Although sea ice declines in this and other regions of the polar basin have been among the greatest in the Arctic, to date population-level effects of sea ice loss on polar bears have only been identified in western Hudson Bay, near the southern limit of the species' range. 3. We estimated vital rates using multistate capture-recapture models that classified individuals by sex, age and reproductive category. We used multimodel inference to evaluate a range of statistical models, all of which were structurally based on the polar bear life cycle. We estimated parameters by model averaging, and developed a parametric bootstrap procedure to quantify parameter uncertainty. 4. In the most supported models, polar bear survival declined with an increasing number of days per year that waters over the continental shelf were ice free. In 2001-2003, the ice-free period was relatively short (mean 101 days) and adult female survival was high (0 ∙ 96-0 ∙ 99, depending on reproductive state). In 2004 and 2005, the ice-free period was longer (mean 135 days) and adult female survival was low (0 ∙ 73-0 ∙ 79, depending on reproductive state). Breeding rates and cub litter survival also declined with increasing duration of the ice-free period. Confidence intervals on vital rate estimates were wide. 5. The effects of sea ice loss on polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea may apply to polar bear populations in other portions of the polar basin that have similar sea ice dynamics and have experienced similar, or more severe, sea ice declines. Our findings therefore are relevant to the extinction risk facing approximately one-third of the world's polar bears.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01603.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"Regehr, E., Hunter, C., Caswell, H., Amstrup, S.C., and Stirling, I., 2010, Survival and breeding of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea in relation to sea ice: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 79, no. 1, p. 117-127, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01603.x.","startPage":"117","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01603.x"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2ade4b08c986b31f899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regehr, E.V.","contributorId":90937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regehr","given":"E.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, C.M.","contributorId":19670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caswell, H.","contributorId":103114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caswell","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":451335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035585,"text":"70035585 - 2010 - Mineralogy and the release of trace elements from slag from the Hegeler Zinc smelter, Illinois (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T15:22:52","indexId":"70035585","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and the release of trace elements from slag from the Hegeler Zinc smelter, Illinois (USA)","docAbstract":"Slag from the former Hegeler Zn-smelting facility in Illinois (USA) is mainly composed of spinifex Ca-rich plagioclase, fine-grained dendritic or coarse-grained subhedral to anhedral clinopyroxenes, euhedral to subhedral spinels, spherical blebs of Fe sulfides, silicate glass, and less commonly fayalitic olivine. Mullite and quartz were also identified in one sample as representing remnants of the furnace lining. Secondary phases such as goethite, hematite and gypsum are significant in some samples and reflect surficial weathering of the dump piles or represent byproducts of roasting. A relatively rare Zn-rich material contains anhedral willemite, subhedral gahnite, massive zincite, hardystonite and a Zn sulfate (brianyoungite), among other phases, and likely represents the molten content of the smelting furnace before Zn extraction. The bulk major-element chemistry of most slag samples is dominated by SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO. The bulk composition of the slag suggests a high viscosity of the melt and the mineralogy suggests a high silica content of the melt. Bulk slag trace-element chemistry shows that the dominant metal is Zn with >28.4 wt.% in the Zn-rich material and between 212 and 14,900 mg/kg in the other slags. The concentrations of other trace elements reach the following: 45 mg/kg As, 1170 mg/kg Ba, 191 mg/kg Cd, 242 mg/kg Co, 103 mg/kg Cr, 6360 mg/kg Cu, 107 mg/kg Ni, and 711 mg/kg Pb.
Zinc, as the dominant metal in the slags, is likely the most environmentally significant metal in these samples; Cd, Cu, and Pb are also of concern and their concentrations exceed US Environmental Protection Agency preliminary remediation goals for residential soils. Spinel was found to be the dominant concentrator of Zn for samples containing significant Zn (>1 wt.%); the silicate glass also contained relatively high concentrations of Zn compared to other phases. Zinc partitioned into the silicates and oxides in these samples is generally more resistant to weathering and therefore less leached when compared to the slag samples with lower bulk Zn concentrations where Zn is likely partitioned into volumetrically minor sulfides. This is confirmed by leachate tests that resulted in low leachate Zn concentrations for samples with Zn partitioned into spinel. In contrast, the concentrations of Zn and SO4 are close to those expected from the dissolution of stoichiometric ZnS in leachates from samples in which the dominant host of Zn is suspected to be sulfides. The fact that Zn and other metals occur commonly as sulfides, which are more reactive than the silicates and oxides into which they dominantly partition according to other slag studies, indicates the Hegeler slag pile may be more of an environmental concern than other slag piles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.12.001","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N., and Seal, R., 2010, Mineralogy and the release of trace elements from slag from the Hegeler Zinc smelter, Illinois (USA): Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 302-320, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.12.001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-015367","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.12.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5acae4b0c8380cd6f12a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":167138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036364,"text":"70036364 - 2010 - An experimental assessment of vehicle disturbance effects on migratory shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70036364","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experimental assessment of vehicle disturbance effects on migratory shorebirds","docAbstract":"Off-road vehicle (ORV) traffic is one of several forms of disturbance thought to affect shorebirds at migration stopover sites. Attempts to measure disturbance effects on shorebird habitat use and behavior at stopover sites are difficult because ORV disturbance is frequently confounded with habitat and environmental factors. We used a before-after-control-impact experimental design to isolate effects of vehicle disturbance from shorebird responses to environmental and habitat factors. We manipulated disturbance levels within beach closures along South Core Banks, North Carolina, USA, and measured changes in shorebird abundance and location, as well as the activity of one focal species, the sanderling (Calidris alba), within paired control and impact plots. We applied a discrete treatment level of one flee-response-inducing event every 10 minutes on impact plots. We found that disturbance reduced total shorebird and black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola) abundance and reduced relative use of microhabitat zones above the swash zone (wet sand and dry sand) by sanderlings, black-bellied plovers, willets (Tringa semipalmata), and total shorebirds. Sanderlings and total shorebirds increased use of the swash zone in response to vehicle disturbance. Disturbance reduced use of study plots by sanderlings for resting and increased sanderling activity, but we did not detect an effect of vehicle disturbance on sanderling foraging activity. We provide the first estimates of how a discrete level of disturbance affects shorebird distributions among ocean beach microhabitats. Our findings provide a standard to which managers can compare frequency and intensity of disturbance events at other shorebird stopover and roosting sites and indicate that limiting disturbance will contribute to use of a site by migratory shorebirds. ?? 2010 The Wildlife Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2009-105","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Tarr, N., Simons, T., and Pollock, K.H., 2010, An experimental assessment of vehicle disturbance effects on migratory shorebirds: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 8, p. 1776-1783, https://doi.org/10.2193/2009-105.","startPage":"1776","endPage":"1783","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218466,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2009-105"}],"volume":"74","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea64e4b0c8380cd48823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarr, Nathan M.","contributorId":102317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Nathan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036421,"text":"70036421 - 2010 - Water quality of least-impaired lakes in eastern and southern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036421","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality of least-impaired lakes in eastern and southern Arkansas","docAbstract":"A three-phased study identified one least-impaired (reference) lake for each of four Arkansas lake classifications: three classifications in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) ecoregion and a fourth classification in the South Central Plains (SCP) ecoregion. Water quality at three of the least-impaired lakes generally was comparable and also was comparable to water quality from Kansas and Missouri reference lakes and Texas least-impaired lakes. Water quality of one least-impaired lake in the MAP ecoregion was not as good as water quality in other least-impaired lakes in Arkansas or in the three other states: a probable consequence of all lakes in that classification having a designated use as a source of irrigation water. Chemical and physical conditions for all four lake classifications were at times naturally harsh as limnological characteristics changed temporally. As a consequence of allochthonous organic material, oxbow lakes isolated within watersheds comprised of swamps were susceptible to low dissolved oxygen concentrations to the extent that conditions would be limiting to some aquatic biota. Also, pH in lakes in the SCP ecoregion was <6.0, a level exceeding current Arkansas water-quality standards but typical of black water systems. Water quality of the deepest lakes exceeded that of shallow lakes. N/P ratios and trophic state indices may be less effective for assessing water quality for shallow lakes (<2 m) than for deep lakes because there is an increased exposure of sediment (and associated phosphorus) to disturbance and light in the former. ?? 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-009-1120-5","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Justus, B., 2010, Water quality of least-impaired lakes in eastern and southern Arkansas: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 363-383, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1120-5.","startPage":"363","endPage":"383","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218350,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1120-5"},{"id":246350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8d4e4b08c986b32cb24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Justus, B.","contributorId":74232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justus","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034192,"text":"70034192 - 2010 - Traveling around Cape Horn: Otolith chemistry reveals a mixed stock of Patagonian hoki with separate Atlantic and Pacific spawning grounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034192","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Traveling around Cape Horn: Otolith chemistry reveals a mixed stock of Patagonian hoki with separate Atlantic and Pacific spawning grounds","docAbstract":"Trace element fingerprints of edge and core regions in otoliths from 260 specimens of Patagonian hoki, Macruronus magellanicus L??nnberg, 1907, were analyzed by LA-ICPMS to reveal whether this species forms one or more population units (stocks) in the Southern Oceans. Fish were caught on their spawning grounds in Chile and feeding grounds in Chile and the Falkland Islands. Univariate and multivariate analyses of trace element concentrations in the otolith edges, which relate to the adult life of fish, could not distinguish between Atlantic (Falkland) and Pacific (Chile) hoki. Cluster analyses of element concentrations in the otolith edges produced three different clusters in all sample areas indicating high mixture of the stocks. Cluster analysis of trace element concentrations in the otolith cores, relating to juvenile and larval life stages, produced two separate clusters mainly distinguished by 137Ba concentrations. The results suggest that Patagonian hoki is a highly mixed fish stock with at least two spawning grounds around South America. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2009.10.012","issn":"01657836","usgsCitation":"Schuchert, P., Arkhipkin, A., and Koenig, A., 2010, Traveling around Cape Horn: Otolith chemistry reveals a mixed stock of Patagonian hoki with separate Atlantic and Pacific spawning grounds: Fisheries Research, v. 102, no. 1-2, p. 80-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2009.10.012.","startPage":"80","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2009.10.012"},{"id":244678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb779e4b08c986b3272c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuchert, P.C.","contributorId":45548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuchert","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arkhipkin, A.I.","contributorId":26545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkhipkin","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenig, A.E. 0000-0002-5230-0924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":23679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037706,"text":"70037706 - 2010 - Detrital zircon analysis of Mesoproterozoic and neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of northcentral idaho: Implications for development of the Belt-Purcell basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037706","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon analysis of Mesoproterozoic and neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of northcentral idaho: Implications for development of the Belt-Purcell basin","docAbstract":"The authors analyzed detrital zircon grains from 10 metasedimentary rock samples of the Priest River complex and three other amphibolite-facies metamorphic sequences in north-central Idaho to test the previous assignment of these rocks to the Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Supergroup. Zircon grains from two samples of the Prichard Formation (lower Belt) and one sample of Cambrian quartzite were also analyzed as controls with known depositional ages. U-Pb zircon analysis by laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry reveals that 6 of the 10 samples contain multiple age populations between 1900 and 1400 Ma and a scatter of older ages, similar to results reported from the Belt- Purcell Supergroup to the north and east. Results from the Priest River metamorphic complex confirm previous correlations with the Prichard Formation. Samples from the Golden and Elk City sequences have significant numbers of 1500-1380 Ma grains, which indicates that they do not predate the Belt. Rather, they are probably from a relatively young, southwestern part of the Belt Supergroup (Lemhi subbasin). Non-North American (1610-1490 Ma) grains are rare in these rocks. Three samples of quartzite from the Syringa metamorphic sequence northwest of the Idaho batholith contain zircon grains younger than the Belt Supergroup and support a Neoproterozoic age. A single Cambrian sample has abundant 1780 Ma grains and none younger than ~1750 Ma. These results indicate that the likely protoliths of many high-grade metamorphic rocks in northern Idaho were strata of the Belt-Purcell Supergroup or overlying rocks of the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup and not basement rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/E10-049","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Lewis, R.S., Vervoort, J., Burmester, R., and Oswald, P., 2010, Detrital zircon analysis of Mesoproterozoic and neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of northcentral idaho: Implications for development of the Belt-Purcell basin: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 47, no. 11, p. 1383-1404, https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-049.","startPage":"1383","endPage":"1404","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/E10-049"}],"volume":"47","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffde4b0c8380cd4f503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vervoort, J.D.","contributorId":98126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vervoort","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burmester, R. F.","contributorId":83539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burmester","given":"R. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oswald, P.J.","contributorId":72269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oswald","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037669,"text":"70037669 - 2010 - GIS-based spatial regression and prediction of water quality in river networks: A case study in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037669","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIS-based spatial regression and prediction of water quality in river networks: A case study in Iowa","docAbstract":"Nonpoint source pollution is the leading cause of the U.S.'s water quality problems. One important component of nonpoint source pollution control is an understanding of what and how watershed-scale conditions influence ambient water quality. This paper investigated the use of spatial regression to evaluate the impacts of watershed characteristics on stream NO3NO2-N concentration in the Cedar River Watershed, Iowa. An Arc Hydro geodatabase was constructed to organize various datasets on the watershed. Spatial regression models were developed to evaluate the impacts of watershed characteristics on stream NO3NO2-N concentration and predict NO3NO2-N concentration at unmonitored locations. Unlike the traditional ordinary least square (OLS) method, the spatial regression method incorporates the potential spatial correlation among the observations in its coefficient estimation. Study results show that NO3NO2-N observations in the Cedar River Watershed are spatially correlated, and by ignoring the spatial correlation, the OLS method tends to over-estimate the impacts of watershed characteristics on stream NO3NO2-N concentration. In conjunction with kriging, the spatial regression method not only makes better stream NO3NO2-N concentration predictions than the OLS method, but also gives estimates of the uncertainty of the predictions, which provides useful information for optimizing the design of stream monitoring network. It is a promising tool for better managing and controlling nonpoint source pollution. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.011","issn":"03014797","usgsCitation":"Yang, X., and Jin, W., 2010, GIS-based spatial regression and prediction of water quality in river networks: A case study in Iowa: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 91, no. 10, p. 1943-1951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.011.","startPage":"1943","endPage":"1951","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.011"},{"id":246032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a146ce4b0c8380cd54a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, X.","contributorId":66894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, W.","contributorId":27682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037666,"text":"70037666 - 2010 - Solute and heat transport model of the Henry and Hilleke laboratory experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"70037666","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute and heat transport model of the Henry and Hilleke laboratory experiment","docAbstract":"SEAWAT is a coupled version of MODFLOW and MT3DMS designed to simulate variable-density ground water flow and solute transport. The most recent version of SEAWAT, called SEAWAT Version 4, includes new capabilities to represent simultaneous multispecies solute and heat transport. To test the new features in SEAWAT, the laboratory experiment of Henry and Hilleke (1972) was simulated. Henry and Hilleke used warm fresh water to recharge a large sand-filled glass tank. A cold salt water boundary was represented on one side. Adjustable heating pads were used to heat the bottom and left sides of the tank. In the laboratory experiment, Henry and Hilleke observed both salt water and fresh water flow systems separated by a narrow transition zone. After minor tuning of several input parameters with a parameter estimation program, results from the SEAWAT simulation show good agreement with the experiment. SEAWAT results suggest that heat loss to the room was more than expected by Henry and Hilleke, and that multiple thermal convection cells are the likely cause of the widened transition zone near the hot end of the tank. Other computer programs with similar capabilities may benefit from benchmark testing with the Henry and Hilleke laboratory experiment. Journal Compilation ?? 2009 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00596.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., Dausman, A., and Sukop, M., 2010, Solute and heat transport model of the Henry and Hilleke laboratory experiment: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 5, p. 757-770, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00596.x.","startPage":"757","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218025,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00596.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b924ee4b08c986b319e1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dausman, A.M.","contributorId":99373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dausman","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sukop, M.C.","contributorId":88468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukop","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037636,"text":"70037636 - 2010 - Yield responses of ruderal plants to sucrose in invasive-dominated sagebrush steppe of the northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T10:28:36","indexId":"70037636","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yield responses of ruderal plants to sucrose in invasive-dominated sagebrush steppe of the northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"Restoration of sagebrush-steppe plant communities dominated by the invasive ruderals Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead) can be facilitated by adding carbon (C) to the soil, stimulating microbes to immobilize nitrogen (N) and limit inorganic N availability. Our objectives were to determine responses in (1) cheatgrass and medusahead biomass and seed production; (2) soil microbial biomass C and N; and (3) inorganic soil N to a range of C doses and to calculate the lowest dose that yielded a significant response. In November 2005, we applid 12 C doses ranging from 0 to 2,400 kg C/ha as sucrose to plots sown with cheatgrass and medusahead at two sites in the northern Great Basin. Other ruderal plants established in our plots, and this entire ruderal community was negatively affected by C addition. End-of-year biomass of the ruderal community decreased approximately by approximately 6% at each site for an increase in C dose of 100 kg C/ha. For the same increase in C, microbial biomass C increased by 2–4 mg/kg in November 2005 and March 2006, but not in July 2006. There was little, if any, microbial soil N uptake, as microbial biomass N increased by 0.3 mg/kg at only one site at the earliest date, in November 2005. Soil nitrate (NO3−) measured via resin capsules placed in situ for the study duration decreased at both sites with increasing C. Although we found no threshold dose of C, for a significant reduction in ruderal biomass, we calculated lowest significant doses of 240–640 kg C/ha.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00644.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Brunson, J., Pyke, D.A., and Perakis, S.S., 2010, Yield responses of ruderal plants to sucrose in invasive-dominated sagebrush steppe of the northern Great Basin: Restoration Ecology, v. 18, no. s2, p. 304-312, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00644.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475858,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00644.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00644.x"}],"volume":"18","issue":"s2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd21ce4b08c986b32f654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brunson, Jessi","contributorId":173369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunson","given":"Jessi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. sperakis@usgs.gov","contributorId":3117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037590,"text":"70037590 - 2010 - Hurricane storm surge and amphibian communities in coastal wetlands of northwestern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T12:16:33","indexId":"70037590","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane storm surge and amphibian communities in coastal wetlands of northwestern Florida","docAbstract":"Isolated wetlands in the Southeastern United States are dynamic habitats subject to fluctuating environmental conditions. Wetlands located near marine environments are subject to alterations in water chemistry due to storm surge during hurricanes. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of storm surge overwash on wetland amphibian communities. Thirty-two wetlands in northwestern Florida were sampled over a 45-month period to assess amphibian species richness and water chemistry. During this study, seven wetlands were overwashed by storm surge from Hurricane Dennis which made landfall 10 July 2005 in the Florida panhandle. This event allowed us to evaluate the effect of storm surge overwash on water chemistry and amphibian communities of the wetlands. Specific conductance across all wetlands was low pre-storm (<100 μS/cm), but increased post-storm at the overwashed wetlands (
The New Albany shale (Upper Devonian) in the Illinois basin is the primary hydrocarbon source rock for the basins nearly 4 billion bbl of oil production to date. The gas play is well-established in Indiana and Western Kentucky. One in-situ oil producing well was reported in a multiply competed well in the New Albany at Johnsonville field in Wayne County, Illinois. The Illinois gas and oil wells at Russellville, in Lawrence County are closely associated with the 0.6% reflectance contour, which suggests a higher level of thermal maturity in this area. Today, only one field, Russellville in eastern Lawrence County has established commercial production in the Ness Albany in Illinois. Two wildcat wells with gas shows were drilled in recent years in southern Saline County, where the New Albany is relatively deeply buried and close to faults associated with the Fluorspar District.
","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Crockett, J., and Morse, D.E., 2010, The New Albany shale in Illinois: Emerging play or prolific source: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 108, no. 33, p. 72-79.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-108/issue-33/exploration-__development/the-new-albany-shale.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","volume":"108","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae14e4b08c986b323ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crockett, Joan","contributorId":15445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crockett","given":"Joan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morse, David E.","contributorId":12362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037513,"text":"70037513 - 2010 - Reference condition approach to restoration planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037513","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reference condition approach to restoration planning","docAbstract":"Ecosystem restoration planning requires quantitative rigor to evaluate alternatives, define end states, report progress and perform environmental benefits analysis (EBA). Unfortunately, existing planning frameworks are, at best, semi-quantitative. In this paper, we: (1) describe a quantitative restoration planning approach based on a comprehensive, but simple mathematical framework that can be used to effectively apply knowledge and evaluate alternatives, (2) use the approach to derive a simple but precisely defined lexicon based on the reference condition concept and allied terms and (3) illustrate the approach with an example from the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) using hydrologic indicators. The approach supports the development of a scaleable restoration strategy that, in theory, can be expanded to ecosystem characteristics such as hydraulics, geomorphology, habitat and biodiversity. We identify three reference condition types, best achievable condition (A BAC), measured magnitude (MMi which can be determined at one or many times and places) and desired future condition (ADFC) that, when used with the mathematical framework, provide a complete system of accounts useful for goal-oriented system-level management and restoration. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1330","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Nestler, J., Theiling, C., Lubinski, S., and Smith, D., 2010, Reference condition approach to restoration planning: River Research and Applications, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1199-1219, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1330.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1219","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218097,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1330"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a426e4b0e8fec6cdba6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nestler, J.M.","contributorId":85685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestler","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theiling, C.H.","contributorId":36262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theiling","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lubinski, S.J.","contributorId":83063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D.L.","contributorId":41833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034496,"text":"70034496 - 2010 - First Results of the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models Experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034496","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First Results of the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models Experiment","docAbstract":"The ability to successfully predict the future behavior of a system is a strong indication that the system is well understood. Certainly many details of the earthquake system remain obscure, but several hypotheses related to earthquake occurrence and seismic hazard have been proffered, and predicting earthquake behavior is a worthy goal and demanded by society. Along these lines, one of the primary objectives of the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) working group was to formalize earthquake occurrence hypotheses in the form of prospective earthquake rate forecasts in California. RELM members, working in small research groups, developed more than a dozen 5-year forecasts; they also outlined a performance evaluation method and provided a conceptual description of a Testing Center in which to perform predictability experiments. Subsequently, researchers working within the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) have begun implementing Testing Centers in different locations worldwide, and the RELM predictability experiment-a truly prospective earthquake prediction effort-is underway within the U. S. branch of CSEP. The experiment, designed to compare time-invariant 5-year earthquake rate forecasts, is now approximately halfway to its completion. In this paper, we describe the models under evaluation and present, for the first time, preliminary results of this unique experiment. While these results are preliminary-the forecasts were meant for an application of 5 years-we find interesting results: most of the models are consistent with the observation and one model forecasts the distribution of earthquakes best. We discuss the observed sample of target earthquakes in the context of historical seismicity within the testing region, highlight potential pitfalls of the current tests, and suggest plans for future revisions to experiments such as this one. ?? 2010 The Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0081-5","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Schorlemmer, D., Zechar, J., Werner, M., Field, E.H., Jackson, D., and Jordan, T., 2010, First Results of the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models Experiment: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 167, no. 8-9, p. 859-876, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0081-5.","startPage":"859","endPage":"876","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487850,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0081-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0081-5"}],"volume":"167","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a104fe4b0c8380cd53bff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schorlemmer, D.","contributorId":30468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorlemmer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zechar, J.D.","contributorId":73432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zechar","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, M.J.","contributorId":31224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, E. H.","contributorId":86915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, D.D.","contributorId":41011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jordan, T.H.","contributorId":83320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70136184,"text":"70136184 - 2010 - Seabird databases and the new paradigm for scientific publication and attribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-31T15:13:31","indexId":"70136184","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabird databases and the new paradigm for scientific publication and attribution","docAbstract":"For more than 300 years, the peer-reviewed journal article has been the principal medium for packaging and delivering scientific data. With new tools for managing digital data, a new paradigm is emerging—one that demands open and direct access to data and that enables and rewards a broad-based approach to scientific questions. Ground-breaking papers in the future will increasingly be those that creatively mine and synthesize vast stores of data available on the Internet. This is especially true for conservation science, in which essential data can be readily captured in standard record formats. For seabird professionals, a number of globally shared databases are in the offing, or should be. These databases will capture the salient results of inventories and monitoring, pelagic surveys, diet studies, and telemetry. A number of real or perceived barriers to data sharing exist, but none is insurmountable. Our discipline should take an important stride now by adopting a specially designed markup language for annotating and sharing seabird data.
","language":"English","publisher":"African Seabird Group","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 2010, Seabird databases and the new paradigm for scientific publication and attribution: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 38, p. 1-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024049","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c4ce4b08de9379b370f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036480,"text":"70036480 - 2010 - Effects of coalbed natural gas development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036480","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of coalbed natural gas development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers","docAbstract":"1. Extraction of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) often results in disposal of large quantities of CBNG product water, which may affect aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of CBNG development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers. We used treatment and control, impact versus reference sites comparisons, surveys of CBNG product-water streams and in situ fish survival approaches to determine if CBNG development affected fish assemblages.2. Several of our results suggested that CBNG development did not affect fish assemblages. Species richness and index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores were similar in streams with and streams without CBNG development, and overall biotic integrity was not related to the number or density of CBNG wells. Fish occurred in one stream that was composed largely or entirely of CBNG product water. Sentinel fish survived in cages at treatment sites where no or few fish were captured, suggesting that factors such as lack of stream connectivity rather than water quality limited fish abundance at these sites. Fish species richness did not differ significantly from 1994 to 2006 in comparisons of CBNG-developed and undeveloped streams. Biotic integrity declined from 1994 to 2006; however, declines occurred at both impact and reference sites, possibly because of long-term drought.3. Some evidence suggested that CBNG development negatively affected fish assemblages, or may do so over time. Specific conductivity was on average higher in treatment streams and was negatively related to biotic integrity. Four IBI species richness metrics were negatively correlated with the number or density of CBNG wells in the catchment above sampling sites. Bicarbonate, one of the primary ions in product water, was significantly higher in developed streams and may have limited abundance of longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Total dissolved solids, alkalinity, magnesium and sulphate were significantly higher in developed streams.4. Biological monitoring conducted before the development of CBNG, and continuing through the life of development and reclamation, together with data on the quantity, quality and fate of CBNG product water will allow robust assessment of potential effects of future CBNG development worldwide. ?? 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02480.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Davis, W., Bramblett, R., and Zale, A., 2010, Effects of coalbed natural gas development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers: Freshwater Biology, v. 55, no. 12, p. 2612-2625, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02480.x.","startPage":"2612","endPage":"2625","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218264,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02480.x"},{"id":246260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b6e4b0c8380cd513ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, W.N.","contributorId":107543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"W.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bramblett, R.G.","contributorId":76576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bramblett","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, A.V.","contributorId":15793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190512,"text":"70190512 - 2010 - Composition, distribution, and potential toxicity of organochlorine mixtures in bed sediments of streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T13:59:12","indexId":"70190512","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition, distribution, and potential toxicity of organochlorine mixtures in bed sediments of streams","docAbstract":"Mixtures of organochlorine compounds have the potential for additive or interactive toxicity to organisms exposed in the stream. This study uses a variety of methods to identify mixtures and a modified concentration-addition approach to estimate their potential toxicity at 845 stream sites across the United States sampled between 1992 and 2001 for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bed sediment. Principal-component (PC) analysis identified five PCs that account for 77% of the total variance in 14 organochlorine compounds in the original dataset. The five PCs represent: (1) chlordane-related compounds and dieldrin; (2) p,p′-DDT and its degradates; (3) o,p′-DDT and its degradates; (4) the pesticide degradates oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide; and (5) PCBs. The PC analysis grouped compounds that have similar chemical structure (such as parent compound and degradate), common origin (in the same technical pesticide mixture), and(or) similar relation of concentrations to land use. For example, the highest concentrations of chlordane compounds and dieldrin occurred at urban sites, reflecting past use of parent pesticides for termite control. Two approaches to characterizing mixtures—PC-based mixtures and unique mixtures—were applied to all 299 samples with a detection of two or more organochlorine compounds. PC-based mixtures are defined by the presence (in the sample) of one or more compounds associated with that PC. Unique mixtures are defined as a specific combination of two or more compounds detected in a sample, regardless of how many other compounds were also detected in that sample. The simplest PC-based mixtures (containing compounds from 1 or 2 PCs) commonly occurred in a variety of land use settings. Complex mixtures (containing compounds from 3 or more PCs) were most common in samples from urban and mixed/urban sites, especially in the Northeast, reflecting high concentrations of multiple chlordane, dieldrin, DDT-related compounds, and(or) PCBs. The most commonly occurring unique mixture (p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD) occurred in both simple and complex PC-based mixtures, and at both urban and agricultural sites. Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotients (PEC-Q) values, which estimate the potential toxicity of organochlorine contaminant mixtures, were highest for complex mixtures. Mean PEC-Q values were highest for urban sites in the Northeast, followed by mixed/urban sites in the Northeast and agricultural sites in cotton growing areas. These results demonstrate that the PEC-Q approach can be used in combination with PC-based and unique mixture analyses to relate potential aquatic toxicity of contaminant mixtures to mixture complexity, land use, and other surrogates for contaminant sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.052","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P., Nowell, L.H., Gilliom, R.J., Nakagaki, N., Riva-Murray, K., and VanAlstyne, C., 2010, Composition, distribution, and potential toxicity of organochlorine mixtures in bed sediments of streams: Science of the Total Environment, v. 408, no. 3, p. 594-606, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.052.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","ipdsId":"IP-009456","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"408","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb7a0e4b0e9bde135114b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nakagaki, Naomi 0000-0003-3653-0540 nakagaki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-0540","contributorId":1067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagaki","given":"Naomi","email":"nakagaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen 0000-0001-6683-2238 krmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-2238","contributorId":168876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","email":"krmurray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"VanAlstyne, Carolyn","contributorId":196180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanAlstyne","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034191,"text":"70034191 - 2010 - Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of some natural jarosites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:52:43","indexId":"70034191","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of some natural jarosites","docAbstract":"This paper presents a detailed study of the mineralogical, microscopic, thermal, and spectral characteristics of jarosite and natrojarosite minerals. Systematic mineralogic and chemical examination of a suite of 32 natural stoichiometric jarosite and natrojarosite samples from diverse supergene and hydrothermal environments indicates that there is only limited solid solution between Na and K at low temperatures, which suggests the presence of a solvus in the jarosite-natrojarosite system at temperatures below about 140 C. The samples examined in this study consist of either end members or coexisting end-member pairs of jarosite and natrojarosite. Quantitative electron-probe microanalysis data for several natural hydrothermal samples show only end-member compositions for individual grains or zones, and no detectable alkali-site deficiencies, which indicates that there is no hydronium substitution within the analytical uncertainty of the method. In addition, there is no evidence of Fe deficiencies in the natural hydrothermal samples. Hydronium-bearing jarosite was detected in only one relatively young supergene sample suggesting that terrestrial hydronium-bearing jarosites generally are unstable over geologic timescales.
Unit-cell parameters of the 20 natural stoichiometric jarosites and 12 natural stoichiometric natrojarosites examined in this study have distinct and narrow ranges in the a- and c-cell dimensions. There is no overlap of these parameters at the 1r level for the two end-member compositions. Several hydrothermal samples consist of fine-scale (2–10 lm) intimate intergrowths of jarosite and natrojarosite, which could have resulted from solid-state diffusion segregation or growth zoning due to variations in the Na/K activity ratio of hydrothermal solutions.
Nesting belted kingfishers (hereafter kingfishers, Ceryle alcyon) were studied on the Hudson River near Fort Edward south to New Baltimore (NY, USA) and three nearby river drainages in 2004. Concentrations of 28 organochlorine pesticides, 160 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and 17 dioxin and furan (PCDD‐F) congeners were quantified in kingfisher eggs. The pattern of organochlorine pesticides and PCDD‐F congeners did not differ significantly between 14 eggs collected from individual nests on the Hudson River and five eggs similarly collected on three other nearby rivers. In contrast, the pattern of PCB congeners in eggs collected on the Hudson River differed significantly from the other rivers. The differences in patterns of PCB congeners were associated with a higher representation of lower‐numbered congeners on the Hudson River than the other rivers. The higher prevalence of the lower‐numbered congeners and lower prevalence of the higher‐numbered congeners is consistent with Aroclor 1016 and 1242 being the source of the PCBs on the Hudson River. Concentrations in a sample egg collected at each nest were compared to nest survival and egg success (the proportion of eggs hatching in a clutch if at least one egg hatched) of the remaining eggs in the clutch. Models that predicted nest survival and egg success as functions of contaminant levels were poorly distinguished from models that presumed no such associations. Small sample sizes could have contributed to the inability to distinguish among contaminant and no toxicant models. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that contaminant concentrations on the Hudson River were not sufficiently high to demonstrate a relationship between contaminant concentrations and reproductive success in kingfishers.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.26","usgsCitation":"Custer, T.W., Custer, C.M., and Gray, B.R., 2010, Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans, and organochlorine pesticides in belted kingfisher eggs from the upper Hudson River basin, New York, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 1, p. 99-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.26.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.26","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf52b6ce4b045bfcae28026","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208554,"text":"70208554 - 2010 - Effects of vegetation restoration and slope positions on soil aggregation and soil carbon accumulation on heavily eroded tropical land of Southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:08:20","indexId":"70208554","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-24T14:49:49","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2457,"text":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of vegetation restoration and slope positions on soil aggregation and soil carbon accumulation on heavily eroded tropical land of Southern China","docAbstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation is strongly affected by soil erosion and deposition that differ at slope positions of a watershed. However, studies on the effects of topography on soil aggregation and SOC dynamics, especially after the implementation of vegetation restoration, are rare. Poorly understood mechanisms and a lack of quantification for the suite of ecological benefits brought by the impacts of topography after planting further obstructed our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. The purposes of this study are to (1) quantify the impacts of vegetation restoration on size and stability of soil aggregates and the sequestration of C in soil and (2) to address the impacts of various slope locations on aggregates and SOC distribution.
The experimental sites were set up in 1959 on a highly disturbed barren land in a tropical and coastal area of Guangdong province in South China. One site received human-induced vegetation restoration (the restored site), while the other received no planting and has remained as barren land (the barren site). The soil in the study sites was a latosol developed from granite. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm soil layer at shoulder and toe slope positions at both sites for comparisons. Soils were analyzed for proportion of soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), the SOC in soil layers, and the aggregate soil organic carbon (AOC) at different aggregate sizes.
Measurements in 2007 showed that fractions of water stable macroaggregates in 0–40 cm at shoulder and toe slope ranged from 28% to 45%, about one third to one half of those of dry macroaggregates (91–95%) at the restored site. Soil macroaggregates were not detected at barren site in 2007. Average SOC storage in 0–40 cm soil layer of shoulder and toe slope positions at the restored site was 56.5 ± 10.9 Mg C ha−1, about 2.4 times of that (23.4 ± 4.6 Mg C ha−1) at barren site in 2007. Since 1959, the soil aggregation and SOC storage are significantly improved at the restored site; opposite to that, soil physical and chemical quality has remained low on the barren land without planting. SOC storage in 0–40 cm at toe slope was 15.9 ± 1.8 Mg C ha−1, which is only half of that (30.9 ± 9 Mg C ha−1) at shoulder slope of the barren site; this is opposite to the pattern found at restored site. The ratios of AOC in 0–20 cm to AOC in 20–40 cm at toe slope were lower than those at shoulder slope of the restored site. The comparison of organic carbon sequestered in soils at different slope positions suggest that soil aggregates played a role in sequestering C based upon landscape positions and soil profile depth as a consequence of soil erosion and deposition.
Results indicate that vegetation restoration and SOC accumulation significantly enhance soil aggregation, which in turn promotes further organic C accumulation in the aggregates via physical protection. Soil aggregation and soil C accumulation differed between slope positions. Soil aggregation was significantly enhanced in 0–20 cm layer and aggregates absorb C into deep layers in depositional environment (toe slope) under protection from human disturbances. The interactions of erosion–deposition, soil aggregates, and vegetation restoration play important roles on SOC accumulation and redistribution on land.
The positive feedback between SOC and soil aggregates should be evaluated for improving the quantification of the impacts of land use change, erosion, and deposition on the dynamics of SOC and soil structure under the global climate change.