Variation in life history traits of organisms is thought to reflect adaptations to environmental forcing occurring from bottom-up and top-down processes. Such variation occurs not only among, but also within species, indicating demographic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. From a broad literature review, we present evidence for ocean basin- and large marine ecosystem-scale variation in intra-specific life history traits, with similar responses occurring among trophic levels from relatively short-lived secondary producers to very long-lived apex predators. Between North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean basins, for example, species in the Eastern Pacific exhibited either later maturation, lower fecundity, and/or greater annual survival than conspecifics in the Western Atlantic. Parallel variations in life histories among trophic levels also occur in adjacent seas and between eastern vs. western ocean boundaries. For example, zooplankton and seabird species in cooler Barents Sea waters exhibit lower fecundity or greater annual survival than conspecifics in the Northeast Atlantic. Sea turtles exhibit a larger size and a greater reproductive output in the Western Pacific vs. Eastern Pacific. These examples provide evidence for food-web-wide modifications in life history strategies in response to environmental forcing. We hypothesize that such dichotomies result from frequency and amplitude shifts in resource availability over varying temporal and spatial scales. We review data that supports three primary mechanisms by which environmental forcing affects life history strategies: (1) food-web structure; (2) climate variability affecting the quantity and seasonality of primary productivity; (3) bottom-up vs. top-down forcing. These proposed mechanisms provide a framework for comparisons of ecosystem function among oceanic regions (or regimes) and are essential in modeling ecosystem response to climate change, as well as for creating dynamic ecosystem-based marine conservation strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.012","issn":"00796611","usgsCitation":"Suryan, R., Saba, V.S., Wallace, B.P., Hatch, S.A., Frederiksen, M., and Wanless, S., 2009, Environmental forcing on life history strategies: Evidence for multi-trophic level responses at ocean basin scales: Progress in Oceanography, v. 81, no. 1-4, p. 214-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c3e4b0c8380cd52059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saba, Vincent S.","contributorId":49098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saba","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Bryan P.","contributorId":45819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frederiksen, Morten","contributorId":96404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Morten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wanless, Sarah","contributorId":45446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanless","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032653,"text":"70032653 - 2009 - Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T07:59:25","indexId":"70032653","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures","docAbstract":"Aquatic organisms exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) at early life-stages may have reduced reproductive fitness via disruption of reproductive and non-reproductive behavioral and physiological pathways. Survival to reproductive age relies upon optimal non-reproductive trait expression, such as adequate predator avoidance responses, which may be impacted through EDC exposure. During a predator–prey confrontation, larval fish use an innate C-start escape behavior to rapidly move away from an approaching threat. We tested the hypotheses that (1) larval fathead minnows exposed to estrogens, a primary class of EDCs, singularly or in mixture, suffer a reduced ability to perform an innate C-start behavior when faced with a threat stimulus; (2) additive effects will cause greater reductions in C-start behavior; and (3) effects will differ among developmental stages. In this study, embryos (post-fertilization until hatching) were exposed for 5 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) singularly and in mixture. Exposed embryos were allowed to hatch and grow in control well water until 12 days old. Similarly, post-hatch fathead minnows were exposed for 12 days to these compounds. High-speed (1000 frames/s) video recordings of escape behavior were collected and transferred to National Institutes of Health Image for frame-by-frame analysis of latency period, escape velocity, and total escape response (combination of latency period and escape velocity). When tested 12 days post-hatch, only E1 adversely affected C-start performance of larvae exposed as embryos. Conversely, larvae exposed for 12 days post-hatch did not exhibit altered escape responses when exposed to E1, while adverse responses were seen in E2 and the estrogen mixture. Ethinylestradiol exposure did not elicit changes in escape behaviors at either developmental stage. The direct impact of reduced C-start performance on survival, and ultimately, reproductive fitness provides an avenue to assess the ecological relevance of exposure in an assay of relatively short duration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002","issn":"01664","usgsCitation":"McGee, M., Julius, M., Vajda, A., Norris, D., Barber, L.B., and Schoenfuss, H., 2009, Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 91, no. 4, p. 355-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"361","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a816ce4b0c8380cd7b514","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, M.R.","contributorId":82930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julius, M.L.","contributorId":11775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julius","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vajda, A.M.","contributorId":35961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vajda","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, D.O.","contributorId":58475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034772,"text":"70034772 - 2009 - The effect of bathymetric filtering on nearshore process model results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034772","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of bathymetric filtering on nearshore process model results","docAbstract":"Nearshore wave and flow model results are shown to exhibit a strong sensitivity to the resolution of the input bathymetry. In this analysis, bathymetric resolution was varied by applying smoothing filters to high-resolution survey data to produce a number of bathymetric grid surfaces. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of model-predicted wave height and flow to variations in bathymetric resolution had different characteristics. Wave height predictions were most sensitive to resolution of cross-shore variability associated with the structure of nearshore sandbars. Flow predictions were most sensitive to the resolution of intermediate scale alongshore variability associated with the prominent sandbar rhythmicity. Flow sensitivity increased in cases where a sandbar was closer to shore and shallower. Perhaps the most surprising implication of these results is that the interpolation and smoothing of bathymetric data could be optimized differently for the wave and flow models. We show that errors between observed and modeled flow and wave heights are well predicted by comparing model simulation results using progressively filtered bathymetry to results from the highest resolution simulation. The damage done by over smoothing or inadequate sampling can therefore be estimated using model simulations. We conclude that the ability to quantify prediction errors will be useful for supporting future data assimilation efforts that require this information.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.010","issn":"03783839","usgsCitation":"Plant, N., Edwards, K., Kaihatu, J., Veeramony, J., Hsu, L., and Holland, K.T., 2009, The effect of bathymetric filtering on nearshore process model results: Coastal Engineering, v. 56, no. 4, p. 484-493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.010.","startPage":"484","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215843,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.010"},{"id":243673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab16e4b08c986b322bef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, K.L.","contributorId":53864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaihatu, J.M.","contributorId":50373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaihatu","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veeramony, J.","contributorId":82152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veeramony","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hsu, L.","contributorId":79727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holland, K. T.","contributorId":61013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035690,"text":"70035690 - 2009 - Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-10T15:23:11","indexId":"70035690","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands","docAbstract":"Communities of plants, biological soil crusts (BSCs), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to influence soil stability individually, but their relative contributions, interactions, and combined effects are not well understood, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. In a landscape-scale field study we quantified plant, BSC, and AM fungal communities at 216 locations along a gradient of soil stability levels in southern Utah, USA. We used multivariate modeling to examine the relative influences of plants, BSCs, and AM fungi on surface and subsurface stability in a semiarid shrubland landscape. Models were found to be congruent with the data and explained 35% of the variation in surface stability and 54% of the variation in subsurface stability. The results support several tentative conclusions. While BSCs, plants, and AM fungi all contribute to surface stability, only plants and AM fungi contribute to subsurface stability. In both surface and subsurface models, the strongest contributions to soil stability are made by biological components of the system. Biological soil crust cover was found to have the strongest direct effect on surface soil stability (0.60; controlling for other factors). Surprisingly, AM fungi appeared to influence surface soil stability (0.37), even though they are not generally considered to exist in the top few millimeters of the soil. In the subsurface model, plant cover appeared to have the strongest direct influence on soil stability (0.42); in both models, results indicate that plant cover influences soil stability both directly (controlling for other factors) and indirectly through influences on other organisms. Soil organic matter was not found to have a direct contribution to surface or subsurface stability in this system. The relative influence of AM fungi on soil stability in these semiarid shrublands was similar to that reported for a mesic tallgrass prairie. Estimates of effects that BSCs, plants, and AM fungi have on soil stability in these models are used to suggest the relative amounts of resources that erosion control practitioners should devote to promoting these communities. This study highlights the need for system approaches in combating erosion, soil degradation, and arid-land desertification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/07-2076.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Chaudhary, V.B., Bowker, M.A., O’Dell, T.E., Grace, J.B., Redman, A.E., Rillig, M.C., and Johnson, N.C., 2009, Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 1, p. 110-122, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2076.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476133,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://ecommons.luc.edu/ies_facpubs/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-2076.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Cannonville;Escalante","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.114,37.351 ], [ -112.114,37.973 ], [ -111.325,37.973 ], [ -111.325,37.351 ], [ -112.114,37.351 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf6e4b08c986b328e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaudhary, V. Bala","contributorId":101483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaudhary","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bala","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":451909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Dell, Thomas E.","contributorId":36518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redman, Andrea E.","contributorId":96506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rillig, Matthias C.","contributorId":54427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rillig","given":"Matthias","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Nancy C.","contributorId":107524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032424,"text":"70032424 - 2009 - Mapping of hazard from rainfall-triggered landslides in developing countries: Examples from Honduras and Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032424","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of hazard from rainfall-triggered landslides in developing countries: Examples from Honduras and Micronesia","docAbstract":"Loss of life and property caused by landslides triggered by extreme rainfall events demonstrates the need for landslide-hazard assessment in developing countries where recovery from such events often exceeds the country's resources. Mapping landslide hazards in developing countries where the need for landslide-hazard mitigation is great but the resources are few is a challenging, but not intractable problem. The minimum requirements for constructing a physically based landslide-hazard map from a landslide-triggering storm, using the simple methods we discuss, are: (1) an accurate mapped landslide inventory, (2) a slope map derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) or topographic map, and (3) material strength properties of the slopes involved. Provided that the landslide distribution from a triggering event can be documented and mapped, it is often possible to glean enough topographic and geologic information from existing databases to produce a reliable map that depicts landslide hazards from an extreme event. Most areas of the world have enough topographic information to provide digital elevation models from which to construct slope maps. In the likely event that engineering properties of slope materials are not available, reasonable estimates can be made with detailed field examination by engineering geologists or geotechnical engineers. Resulting landslide hazard maps can be used as tools to guide relocation and redevelopment, or, more likely, temporary relocation efforts during severe storm events such as hurricanes/typhoons to minimize loss of life and property. We illustrate these methods in two case studies of lethal landslides in developing countries: Tegucigalpa, Honduras (during Hurricane Mitch in 1998) and the Chuuk Islands, Micronesia (during Typhoon Chata'an in 2002).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.11.010","issn":"00137","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Reid, M., McKenna, J., and Michael, J.A., 2009, Mapping of hazard from rainfall-triggered landslides in developing countries: Examples from Honduras and Micronesia: Engineering Geology, v. 104, no. 3-4, p. 295-311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.11.010.","startPage":"295","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213878,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.11.010"},{"id":241544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5068e4b0c8380cd6b692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenna, J.P.","contributorId":24543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035913,"text":"70035913 - 2009 - Behavioral response and kinetics of terrestrial atrazine exposure in American toads (bufo americanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T11:23:08","indexId":"70035913","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral response and kinetics of terrestrial atrazine exposure in American toads (bufo americanus)","docAbstract":"Amphibians in terrestrial environments obtain water through a highly vascularized pelvic patch of skin. Chemicals can also be exchanged across this patch. Atrazine (ATZ), a widespread herbicide, continues to be a concern among amphibian ecologists based on potential exposure and toxicity. Few studies have examined its impact on the terrestrial juvenile or adult stages of toads. In the current study, we asked the following questions: (1) Will juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus) avoid soils contaminated with ATZ? (2) Can they absorb ATZ across the pelvic patch? (3) If so, how is it distributed among the organs and eventually eliminated? We conducted a behavioral choice test between control soil and soil dosed with ecologically relevant concentrations of ATZ. In addition, we examined the uptake, distribution, and elimination of water dosed with 14C-labeled ATZ. Our data demonstrate that toads do not avoid ATZ-laden soils. ATZ crossed the pelvic patch rapidly and reached an apparent equilibrium within 5 h. The majority of the radiolabeled ATZ ended up in the intestines, whereas the greatest concentrations were observed in the gall bladder. Thus, exposure of adult life stages of amphibians through direct uptake of ATZ from soils and runoff water should be considered in risk evaluations.
","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-009-9292-0","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Storrs, M., Tillitt, D.E., Rittenhouse, T., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2009, Behavioral response and kinetics of terrestrial atrazine exposure in American toads (bufo americanus): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 57, no. 3, p. 590-597, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9292-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"597","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216116,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9292-0"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0a9e4b0c8380cd4a835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storrs, Mendez","contributorId":17846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storrs","given":"Mendez","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rittenhouse, T.A.G.","contributorId":10247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittenhouse","given":"T.A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175546,"text":"70175546 - 2009 - A decade of U.S. Air Force bat strikes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:36:16","indexId":"70175546","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3918,"text":"Human-Wildlife Conflicts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decade of U.S. Air Force bat strikes","docAbstract":"From 1997 through 2007, 821 bat strikes were reported to the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Safety Center by aircraft personnel or ground crew and sent to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for identification. Many samples were identified by macroscopic and or microscopic comparisons with bat specimens housed in the museum and augmented during the last 2 years by DNA analysis. Bat remains from USAF strikes during this period were received at the museum from 40 states in the United States and from 20 countries. We confirmed that 46% of the strikes were caused by bats, but we did not identify them further; we identified 5% only to the family or genus level, and 49% to the species level. Fifty-five of the 101 bat-strike samples submitted for DNA analysis have been identified to the species level. Twenty-five bat species have been recorded striking USAF planes worldwide. The Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis; n = 173) is the species most commonly identified in USAF strike impacts, followed by the red bat (Lasiurus borealis; n = 83). Bat strikes peak during the spring and fall, with >57% occurring from August through October; 82% of the reports that included time of strike were recorded between 2100 and 0900 hours. More than 12% of the bat strikes were reported at >300 m above ground level (AGL). Although <1% of the bat-strike reports indicated damage to USAF aircraft, cumulative damage for 1997 through 2007 totaled >$825,000 and >50% of this sum was attributable to 5 bat-strike incidents. Only 5 bats from the 10 most damaging bat strikes were identified to the species level, either because we did not receive remains with the reports or the sample was insufficient for identification.
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Approximately 1.5 million acres of lodgepoledominated forest is already dead or dying in Colorado, the infestation is still spreading rapidly, and it is expected that in excess of 90 percent of all lodgepole forest will ultimately be killed. Drought conditions combined with dramatically reduced foliar moisture content due to stress or mortality from Mountain Pine Beetle have combined to elevate the probability of large fires throughout the Colorado River headwaters. Large numbers of homes in the wildland-urban interface, an extensive water supply infrastructure, and a local economy driven largely by recreational tourism make the potential costs associated with such a fire very large. Any assessment of fire risk for strategic planning of pre-fire management actions must consider these and a host of other important socioeconomic benefits derived from the Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest ecosystem. This paper presents a plan to focus U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) multidisciplinary fire/beetle-related research in the Colorado River headwaters within a framework that integrates a wide variety of discipline-specific research to assess and value the full range of ecosystem services provided by the Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest ecosystem. Baseline, unburned conditions will be compared with a hypothetical, fully burned scenario to (a) identify where services would be most severely impacted, and (b) quantify potential economic losses. Collaboration with the U.S. Forest Service will further yield a distributed model of fire probability that can be used in combination with the ecosystem service valuation to develop comprehensive, distributed maps of fire risk in the Upper Colorado River Basin. These maps will be intended for use by stakeholders as a strategic planning tool for pre-fire management activities and can be updated and improved adaptively on an annual basis as tree mortality, climatic conditions, and management actions unfold.
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Together with a continued and increasing focus on the effects of climate change, more investigations are needed that examine ecological effects (e.g., evapotranspiration, nutrient uptake) and responses (e.g., species abundances, biodiversity) that are coupled with the physical and chemical processes historically observed in the WEBB program. Greater use of remote sensing, geographic modeling, and habitat/watershed modeling tools is needed, as is closer integration with the USGS-led National Phenology Network. Better understanding of process and system response times is needed. The analysis and observation of land-use and climate change effects over time should be improved by pooling data obtained by the WEBB program during the last two decades with data obtained earlier and (or) concurrently from other research and monitoring studies conducted at or near the five WEBB watershed sites. These data can be supplemented with historical and paleo-environmental information, such as could be obtained from tree rings and lake cores. Because of the relatively pristine nature and small size of its watersheds, the WEBB program could provide process understanding and basic data to better characterize and quantify ecosystem services and to develop and apply indicators of ecosystem health. In collaboration with other Federal and State watershed research programs, the WEBB program has an opportunity to contribute to tracking the short-term dynamics and long-term evolution of ecosystem services and health indicators at a multiplicity of scales across the landscape.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis ","doi":"10.1577/T08-051.1","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K.F., Kock, T.J., Haskell, C.A., Connor, W.P., and Steinhorst, R., 2009, Water velocity, turbulence, and migration rate of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the free-flowing and impounded Snake River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, p. 373-384, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-051.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"384","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b1cee4b0f2f0cebe75f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haskell, Craig A. 0000-0002-3604-1758 chaskell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-1758","contributorId":3458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"Craig","email":"chaskell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steinhorst, R. Kirk","contributorId":56950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhorst","given":"R. Kirk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182096,"text":"70182096 - 2009 - Passage, survival, and approach patterns of juvenile salmonids at Little Goose Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T10:42:08","indexId":"70182096","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Passage, survival, and approach patterns of juvenile salmonids at Little Goose Dam","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., Braatz, A., Fielding, S., Hansel, H., Brown, S., George, G., Haner, P., Hansen, G., and Shurtleff, D., 2009, Passage, survival, and approach patterns of juvenile salmonids at Little Goose Dam.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c836e4b025c4642862a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braatz, A.C.","contributorId":65962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fielding, S.D.","contributorId":16956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansel, H.C.","contributorId":34624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, S.T.","contributorId":119169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"George, G.T.","contributorId":178475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hansen, G.S.","contributorId":41556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shurtleff, D.J.","contributorId":93597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shurtleff","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70176160,"text":"70176160 - 2009 - Evaluation of strobe lights to reduce turbine entrainment of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T17:27:27","indexId":"70176160","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of strobe lights to reduce turbine entrainment of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington","docAbstract":"We conducted a radiotelemetry evaluation to determine if strobe lights could be used to decrease turbine entrainment of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington. We found that radio-tagged juvenile steelhead approached and entered two spillbays (one lighted, one unlighted) in equal proportions. However, the presence of strobe lights was associated with decreased spillbay residence time of juvenile steelhead and increased passage through induction slots (secondary turbine intakes located upstream of the ogee on the spillway). Mean residence time of tagged fish inside the lighted spillbay was 14 min compared to 62 min inside the unlighted spillbay. Radio-tagged steelhead passed through induction slots at a higher proportion in the lighted spillbay (55%) than in the unlighted spillbay (26%). Recent studies have suggested that strobe lights can induce torpor in juvenile salmonids. We believe that strobe light exposure affected fish in our study at a location where they were susceptible to high flows thereby reducing mean residence time and increasing the proportion of tagged fish entering induction slots in the lighted spillbay. Our results suggest that factors such as deployment location, exposure, and flow are important variables that should be considered when evaluating strobe lights as a potential fish-deterring management tool.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.083.0402","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Evans, S.D., Liedtke, T.L., Rondorf, D.W., and Kohn, M., 2009, Evaluation of strobe lights to reduce turbine entrainment of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 83, no. 4, p. 308-314, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.083.0402.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6af4be4b0f2f0cebe4b88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kohn, Mike","contributorId":50064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176155,"text":"70176155 - 2009 - Evaluating hydrological response to forecasted land-use change—scenario testing with the automated geospatial watershed assessment (AGWA) tool","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176155,"text":"70176155 - 2009 - Evaluating hydrological response to forecasted land-use change—scenario testing with the automated geospatial watershed assessment (AGWA) tool","indexId":"70176155","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluating hydrological response to forecasted land-use change—scenario testing with the automated geospatial watershed assessment (AGWA) tool"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T13:29:02","indexId":"70176155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating hydrological response to forecasted land-use change—scenario testing with the automated geospatial watershed assessment (AGWA) tool","docAbstract":"Envisioning and evaluating future scenarios has emerged as a critical component of both science and social decision-making. The ability to assess, report, map, and forecast the life support functions of ecosystems is absolutely critical to our capacity to make informed decisions to maintain the sustainable nature of our ecosystem services now and into the future. During the past two decades, important advances in the integration of remote imagery, computer processing, and spatial-analysis technologies have been used to develop landscape information that can be integrated with hydrologic models to determine long-term change and make predictive inferences about the future. Two diverse case studies in northwest Oregon (Willamette River basin) and southeastern Arizona (San Pedro River) were examined in regard to future land use scenarios relative to their impact on surface water conditions (e.g., sediment yield and surface runoff) using hydrologic models associated with the Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool. The base reference grid for land cover was modified in both study locations to reflect stakeholder preferences 20 to 60 yrs into the future, and the consequences of landscape change were evaluated relative to the selected future scenarios. The two studies provide examples of integrating hydrologic modeling with a scenario analysis framework to evaluate plausible future forecasts and to understand the potential impact of landscape change on ecosystem services.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Kepner, W.G., Semmens, D.J., Hernandez, M., and Goodrich, D.C., 2009, Evaluating hydrological response to forecasted land-use change—scenario testing with the automated geospatial watershed assessment (AGWA) tool, in Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 79-84.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Kepner.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6af4ae4b0f2f0cebe4b6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepner, William G.","contributorId":174144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kepner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hernandez, Mariano","contributorId":174145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Mariano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodrich, David C.","contributorId":65552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176156,"text":"70176156 - 2009 - Environmental effects of hydrothermal alteration and historical mining on water and sediment quality in Central Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176156,"text":"70176156 - 2009 - Environmental effects of hydrothermal alteration and historical mining on water and sediment quality in Central Colorado","indexId":"70176156","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Environmental effects of hydrothermal alteration and historical mining on water and sediment quality in Central Colorado"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T13:43:05","indexId":"70176156","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental effects of hydrothermal alteration and historical mining on water and sediment quality in Central Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an environmental assessment of 198 catchments in a 54,000-km2 area of central Colorado, much of which is on Federal land. The Colorado Mineral Belt, a northeast-trending zone of historical base- and precious-metal mining, cuts diagonally across the study area. The investigation was intended to test the hypothesis that degraded water and sediment quality are restricted to catchments in which historical mining has occurred. Water, streambed sediment, and aquatic insects were collected from (1) catchments underlain by single lithogeochemical units, some of which were hydrothermally altered, that had not been prospected or mined; (2) catchments that contained evidence of prospecting, most of which contain hydrothermally altered rock, but no historical mining; and (3) catchments, all of which contain hydrothermally altered rock, where historical but now inactive mines occur. Geochemical data determined from catchments that did not contain hydrothermal alteration or historical mines met water quality criteria and sediment quality guidelines. Base-metal concentrations from these types of catchments showed small geochemical variations that reflect host lithology. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization typically are associated with igneous rocks that have intruded older bedrock in a catchment. This alteration was regionally mapped and characterized primarily through the analysis of remote sensing data acquired by the ASTER satellite sensor. Base-metal concentrations among unaltered rock types showed small geochemical variations that reflect host lithology. Base-metal concentrations were elevated in sediment from catchments underlain by hydrothermally altered rock. Classification of catchments on the basis of mineral deposit types proved to be an efficient and accurate method for discriminating catchments that have degraded water and sediment quality. Only about 4.5 percent of the study area has been affected by historical mining, whereas a larger part of the study area is underlain by hydrothermally altered rock that has weathered to produce water and sediment with naturally elevated geochemical baselines.
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It is based on the depth-averaged St. Venant equations, which are discretized using unstructured upwind finite volume methods, and contains both steady and unsteady solution techniques. This article provides a brief description of the numerical approach selected to discretize the governing equations in space and time, including important aspects of solving natural environmental flows, such as the wetting and drying algorithm. The presentation is illustrated with several application examples, covering both laboratory and natural river flow cases, which show the model’s ability to solve complex flow phenomena.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., and Boyer, E.W., 2009, Using high-frequency sampling to detect effects of atmospheric pollutants on stream chemistry, in Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 171-175.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"175","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Sebestyen.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b1b6e4b0f2f0cebe73c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176154,"text":"70176154 - 2009 - Engaging stakeholders for adaptive management using structured decision analysis","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176154,"text":"70176154 - 2009 - Engaging stakeholders for adaptive management using structured decision analysis","indexId":"70176154","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Engaging stakeholders for adaptive management using structured decision analysis"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T13:16:53","indexId":"70176154","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Engaging stakeholders for adaptive management using structured decision analysis","docAbstract":"Adaptive management is different from other types of management in that it includes all stakeholders (versus only policy makers) in the process, uses resource optimization techniques to evaluate competing objectives, and recognizes and attempts to reduce uncertainty inherent in natural resource systems. Management actions are negotiated by stakeholders, monitored results are compared to predictions of how the system should respond, and management strategies are adjusted in a “monitor-compare-adjust” iterative routine. Many adaptive management projects fail because of the lack of stakeholder identification, engagement, and continued involvement. Primary reasons for this vary but are usually related to either stakeholders not having ownership (or representation) in decision processes or disenfranchisement of stakeholders after adaptive management begins. We present an example in which stakeholders participated fully in adaptive management of a southeastern regulated river. Structured decision analysis was used to define management objectives and stakeholder values and to determine initial flow prescriptions. The process was transparent, and the visual nature of the modeling software allowed stakeholders to see how their interests and values were represented in the decision process. 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Several invertebrate metrics showed strong, linear responses to urbanization when forest or shrublands were developed. Responses were difficult to discern in areas where urbanization was occurring on agricultural lands because invertebrate assemblages were already severely degraded. There was no evidence that assemblages showed any initial resistance to urbanization. Ordination scores, EPT taxa richness, and the average tolerance of organisms were the best indicators of changes in assemblage condition at a site. Richness metrics were better indicators than abundance metrics, and qualitative samples were as good as quantitative samples. A common set of landscape variables (population density, housing density, developed landcover, impervious surface, and roads) were strongly correlated with urbanization and invertebrate responses in all non-agricultural areas. The instream environmental variables (hydrology, water chemistry, habitat, and temperature) that were strongly correlated with urbanization and invertebrate responses were influenced by environmental setting (e.g., dominant ecoregion) and varied widely among metropolitan areas. Multilevel hierarchical regression models were developed that predicted invertebrate responses using only two landcover variables—basinscale landcover (percentage of basin area in developed land) and regional-scale landcover (antecedent agricultural land).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cuffney, T., McMahon, G., Kashuba, R., May, J., and Waite, I., 2009, Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to urbanization in nine metropolitan areas of the conterminous United States, in Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 187-194.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"194","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Cuffney.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b108e4b0f2f0cebe676b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffney, T. F.","contributorId":108134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"T. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, G.","contributorId":87263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kashuba, R.","contributorId":104726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashuba","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, J. T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":72505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, I.R.","contributorId":41039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033921,"text":"70033921 - 2009 - Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033921","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","docAbstract":"A study of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediment samples from a former uranium mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado, was conducted under oxic conditions as a function of pH, U(VI), Ca, and dissolved carbonate concentration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed using <2mm size sediment fractions, a sand-sized fraction, and artificial groundwater solutions prepared to simulate the field groundwater composition. To encompass the geochemical conditions of the alluvial aquifer at the site, the experimental conditions ranged from 6.8 ?? 10-8 to 10-5 M in [U(VI)]tot, 7.2 to 8.0 in pH, 3.0 ?? 10-3 to 6.0 ?? 10 -3 M in [Ca2+], and 0.05 to 2.6% in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Surface area normalized U(VI) adsorption Kd values for the sand and <2 mm sediment fraction were similar, suggesting a similar reactive surface coating on both fractions. A two-site two-reaction, nonelectrostatic generalized composite surface complexation model was developed and successfully simulated the U(VI) adsorption data. The model successfully predicted U(VI) adsorption observed from a multilevel sampling well installed at the site. A comparison of the model with the one developed previously for a uranium mill tailings site at Naturita, Colorado, indicated that possible calcite nonequilibrium of dissolved calcium concentration should be evaluated. The modeling results also illustrate the importance of the range of data used in deriving the best fit model parameters. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es902164n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Hyun, S., Fox, P., Davis, J., Campbell, K., Hayes, K., and Long, P., 2009, Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9368-9373, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902164n.","startPage":"9368","endPage":"9373","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902164n"},{"id":241880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9ce4b08c986b31e6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyun, S.P.","contributorId":88164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyun","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, P.M.","contributorId":47949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, K.M.","contributorId":42438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, K.F.","contributorId":103089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032808,"text":"70032808 - 2009 - Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Multispectral satellite data have become a common tool used in the mapping of wildland fire effects. Fire severity, defined as the degree to which a site has been altered, is often the variable mapped. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) used in an absolute difference change detection protocol (dNBR), has become the remote sensing method of choice for US Federal land management agencies to map fire severity due to wildland fire. However, absolute differenced vegetation indices are correlated to the pre-fire chlorophyll content of the vegetation occurring within the fire perimeter. Normalizing dNBR to produce a relativized dNBR (RdNBR) removes the biasing effect of the pre-fire condition. Employing RdNBR hypothetically allows creating categorical classifications using the same thresholds for fires occurring in similar vegetation types without acquiring additional calibration field data on each fire. In this paper we tested this hypothesis by developing thresholds on random training datasets, and then comparing accuracies for (1) fires that occurred within the same geographic region as the training dataset and in similar vegetation, and (2) fires from a different geographic region that is climatically and floristically similar to the training dataset region but supports more complex vegetation structure. We additionally compared map accuracies for three measures of fire severity: the composite burn index (CBI), percent change in tree canopy cover, and percent change in tree basal area. User's and producer's accuracies were highest for the most severe categories, ranging from 70.7% to 89.1%. Accuracies of the moderate fire severity category for measures describing effects only to trees (percent change in canopy cover and basal area) indicated that the classifications were generally not much better than random. Accuracies of the moderate category for the CBI classifications were somewhat better, averaging in the 50%-60% range. These results underscore the difficulty in isolating fire effects to individual vegetation strata when fire effects are mixed. We conclude that the models presented here and in Miller and Thode ([Miller, J.D. & Thode, A.E., (2007). Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Remote Sensing of Environment, 109, 66-80.]) can produce fire severity classifications (using either CBI, or percent change in canopy cover or basal area) that are of similar accuracy in fires not used in the original calibration process, at least in conifer dominated vegetation types in Mediterranean-climate California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Knapp, E.E., Key, C., Skinner, C., Isbell, C., Creasy, R., and Sherlock, J., 2009, Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 3, p. 645-656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009.","startPage":"645","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009"},{"id":241669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30fe4b0c8380cd4b59e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, E. E.","contributorId":54938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, C.N.","contributorId":19909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isbell, C.J.","contributorId":19381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isbell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creasy, R.M.","contributorId":33543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasy","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherlock, J.W.","contributorId":87766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherlock","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032564,"text":"70032564 - 2009 - Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:37:35","indexId":"70032564","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2430,"text":"Journal of Plankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"Water quality and zooplankton samples were collected during the ice-free periods between 1988 and 2005 from 103 oligotrophic montane lakes and ponds located in low forest to alpine vegetation zones in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA. Collectively, 45 rotifer and 44 crustacean taxa were identified. Most of the numerically dominant taxa appeared to have wide niche breadths. The average number of taxa per lake decreased with elevation and generally increased as maximum lake depths increased (especially for rotifers). With one exception, fish presence/absence did not explain the taxonomic compositions of crustacean zooplankton assemblages. Many rotifer species were common members of zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds in western North America, whereas the crustacean taxa were common to some areas of the west, but not others. Constraints of the environmental variables did not appear to provide strong gradients to separate the distributions of most zooplankton species. This suggests that interspecific competitive interactions and stochastic processes regulate the taxonomic structures of the zooplankton assemblages at the landscape level. Crustacean species that had broad niche breadths were associated with different rotifer taxa across the environmental gradients. Studies of zooplankton assemblages need to address both crustacean and rotifer taxa, not one or the other.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Plankton Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbn125","issn":"01427","usgsCitation":"Larson, G., Hoffman, R., McIntire, C.D., Lienkaemper, G., and Samora, B., 2009, Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 273-285, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbn125.","startPage":"273","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbn125"},{"id":241588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd29de4b08c986b32f909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, G.L.","contributorId":103021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, R.","contributorId":10205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lienkaemper, G.","contributorId":69113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Samora, B.","contributorId":10012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032938,"text":"70032938 - 2009 - Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the black bear (Ursus americanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032938","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the black bear (Ursus americanus)","docAbstract":"We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction conditions to amplify 21 tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci in black bears (Ursus americanus). We tested primers using individuals from two populations, one each in Georgia and Florida. Among individuals from Georgia (n = 29), primer pairs yielded an average of 2.9 alleles (range, one to four) and an average observed heterozygosity (HO) of 0.50 (range, 0.00 to 0.79). Among individuals from Florida (n = 19), primer pairs yielded an average of 5.7 alleles (range, one to 14) and an HO of 0.55 (range, 0.00 to 1.00). A comparison of previously developed markers with individuals from Georgia suggests that bear populations in Georgia and Florida have reduced allelic diversity relative to other populations. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02234.x","issn":"17550","usgsCitation":"Sanderlin, J., Faircloth, B., Shamblin, B., and Conroy, M., 2009, Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the black bear (Ursus americanus): Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 9, no. 1, p. 288-291, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02234.x.","startPage":"288","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213450,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02234.x"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5f1e4b08c986b320dab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanderlin, J.S.","contributorId":98122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderlin","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faircloth, B.C.","contributorId":15018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faircloth","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shamblin, B.","contributorId":11009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shamblin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}