{"pageNumber":"2092","pageRowStart":"52275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70037099,"text":"70037099 - 2009 - Investigation of thallium fluxes from subaerial volcanism-Implications for the present and past mass balance of thallium in the oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:16:30.34332","indexId":"70037099","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of thallium fluxes from subaerial volcanism-Implications for the present and past mass balance of thallium in the oceans","docAbstract":"<p>A suite of 34 volcanic gas condensates and particulates from Kilauea (Hawaii), Mt. Etna and Vulcano (Italy), Mt. Merapi (Indonesia), White Island and Mt. Nguaruhoe (New Zealand) were analysed for both Tl isotope compositions and Tl/Pb ratios. When considered together with published Tl–Pb abundance data, the measurements provide globally representative best estimates of Tl/Pb&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.46&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.25 and ε<sup>205</sup>Tl&nbsp;=&nbsp;−1.7&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.0 for the emissions of subaerial volcanism to the atmosphere and oceans (ε<sup>205</sup>Tl is the deviation of the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>205</sup>Tl/<sup>203</sup>Tl isotope ratio from NIST SRM 997 isotope standard in parts per 10,000). Compared to igneous rocks of the crust and mantle, volcanic gases were found to have (i) Tl/Pb ratios that are typically about an order of magnitude higher, and (ii) significantly more variable Tl isotope compositions but a mean ε<sup>205</sup>Tl value that is indistinguishable from estimates for the Earth’s mantle and continental crust. The first observation can be explained by the more volatile nature of Tl compared to Pb during the production of volcanic gases, whilst the second reflects the contrasting and approximately balanced isotope fractionation effects that are generated by partial evaporation of Tl during magma degassing and partial Tl condensation as a result of the cooling and differentiation of volcanic gases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.014","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Baker, R., Rehkamper, M., Hinkley, T.K., Nielsen, S., and Toutain, J., 2009, Investigation of thallium fluxes from subaerial volcanism-Implications for the present and past mass balance of thallium in the oceans: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 20, p. 6340-6359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.014.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"6340","endPage":"6359","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e98e4b0c8380cd63ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, R.G.A.","contributorId":39617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rehkamper, M.","contributorId":21731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehkamper","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, S.G.","contributorId":49171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toutain, J.P.","contributorId":72621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toutain","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037102,"text":"70037102 - 2009 - The effect of mayfly (Hexagenia spp.) burrowing activity on sediment oxygen demand in western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-14T15:32:41","indexId":"70037102","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of mayfly (Hexagenia spp.) burrowing activity on sediment oxygen demand in western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Previous studies support the hypothesis that large numbers of infaunal burrow-irrigating organisms in the western basin of Lake Erie may increase significantly the sediment oxygen demand, thus enhancing the rate of hypolimnetic oxygen depletion. We conducted laboratory experiments to quantify burrow oxygen dynamics and increased oxygen demand resulting from burrow irrigation using two different year classes of <i>Hexagenia</i> spp. nymphs from western Lake Erie during summer, 2006. Using oxygen microelectrodes and hot film anemometry, we simultaneously determined oxygen concentrations and burrow water flow velocities. Burrow oxygen depletion rates ranged from 21.7 mg/nymph/mo for 15 mm nymphs at 23 &deg;C to 240.7 mg/nymph/mo for 23 mm nymphs at 13 &deg;C. Sealed microcosm experiments demonstrated that mayflies increase the rate of oxygen depletion by 2-5 times that of controls, depending on size of nymph and water temperature, with colder waters having greater impact. At natural population densities, nymph pumping activity increased total sediment oxygen demand 0.3-2.5 times compared to sediments with no mayflies and accounted for 22-71% of the total sediment oxygen demand. Extrapolating laboratory results to the natural system suggest that <i>Hexagenia</i> spp. populations may exert a significant control on oxygen depletion during intermittent stratification. This finding may help explain some of the fluctuations in <i>Hexagenia</i> spp. population densities in western Lake Erie and suggests that mayflies, by causing their own population collapse irrespective of other environmental conditions, may need longer term averages when used as a bio-indicator of the success of pollution-abatement programs in western Lake Erie and possibly throughout the Great Lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.010","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Edwards, W.J., Soster, F.M., Matisoff, G., and Schloesser, D.W., 2009, The effect of mayfly (Hexagenia spp.) burrowing activity on sediment oxygen demand in western Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 507-516, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.010"},{"id":245277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab32e4b08c986b322cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, William J.","contributorId":47206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soster, Frederick M.","contributorId":9092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soster","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matisoff, Gerald","contributorId":15046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matisoff","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037106,"text":"70037106 - 2009 - Phenotypic plasticity in age at first reproduction of female northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:20:23","indexId":"70037106","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenotypic plasticity in age at first reproduction of female northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni)","docAbstract":"Life-history theory predicts that within a species, reproduction and survival rates will differ among populations that differ in resource availability or predation rates through phenotypic plasticity. When populations are near carrying capacity (K) or when they are declining due to reduced prey resources, the average age at 1st reproduction (average AFR) is predicted to be older than in populations below K. Differences between the trajectories of northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) populations in Alaska provides an opportunity to examine phenotypic plasticity. Using premolar teeth or reproductive tracts, we estimated average AFR from demographically distinct populations of sea otters in Alaska. We obtained samples from 2 populations near K, Prince William Sound (PWS) and the Aleutian Archipelago (archived samples), and from 2populations below K, the Kodiak Archipelago and Sitka. The average AFR was lower in populations below K (3.60 years ??0.16 SD)compared to those near K (4.21 ?? 0.13 years, P <0.001), and differed among all populations, with the Aleutian population possessing the oldest average AFR (4.29 ?? 0.09 years) followed by PWS (4.05 ?? 0.24 years), Sitka (3.80 ?? 0.21 years), and Kodiak (3.19 ?? 0.37 years). The difference in average AFR among populations supports life-history theory and provides evidence of phenotypic plasticity in sea otters. Our findings highlight the value of using average AFR as a tool for monitoring mammalian populations. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-379.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Gill, V., Bodkin, J.L., and Burns, J.M., 2009, Phenotypic plasticity in age at first reproduction of female northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 5, p. 1224-1231, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-379.1.","startPage":"1224","endPage":"1231","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487213,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-379.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-379.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a788ce4b0c8380cd78717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Jennifer M.","contributorId":98569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037107,"text":"70037107 - 2009 - Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037107","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium","docAbstract":"A Global Irrigated Area Map (GIAM) has been produced for the end of the last millennium using multiple satellite sensor, secondary, Google Earth and groundtruth data. The data included: (a) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 3-band and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 10 km monthly time-series for 1997-1999, (b) Syste me pour l'Observation de la Terre Vegetation (SPOT VGT) NDVI 1 km monthly time series for 1999, (c) East Anglia University Climate Research Unit (CRU) rainfall 50km monthly time series for 1961-2000, (d) Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation Data Set (GTOPO30) 1 km digital elevation data of the World, (e) Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (JERS-1 SAR) data for the rain forests during two seasons in 1996 and (f) University of Maryland Global Tree Cover 1 km data for 1992-1993. A single mega-file data-cube (MFDC) of the World with 159 layers, akin to hyperspectral data, was composed by re-sampling different data types into a common 1 km resolution. The MFDC was segmented based on elevation, temperature and precipitation zones. Classification was performed on the segments. Quantitative spectral matching techniques (SMTs) used in hyperspectral data analysis were adopted to group class spectra derived from unsupervised classification and match them with ideal or target spectra. A rigorous class identification and labelling process involved the use of: (a) space-time spiral curve (ST-SC) plots, (b) brightness-greenness-wetness (BGW) plots, (c) time series NDVI plots, (d) Google Earth very-high-resolution imagery (VHRI) 'zoom-in views' in over 11 000 locations, (e) groundtruth data broadly sourced from the degree confluence project (3 864 sample locations) and from the GIAM project (1 790 sample locations), (f) high-resolution Landsat-ETM+ Geocover 150m mosaic of the World and (g) secondary data (e.g. national and global land use and land cover data). Mixed classes were resolved based on decision tree algorithms and spatial modelling, and when that did not work, the problem class was used to mask and re-classify the MDFC, and the class identification and labelling protocol repeated. The sub-pixel area (SPA) calculations were performed by multiplying full-pixel areas (FPAs) with irrigated area fractions (IAFs) for every class. A 28 class GIAM was produced and the area statistics reported as: (a) annualized irrigated areas (AIAs), which consider intensity of irrigation (i.e. sum of irrigated areas from different seasons in a year plus continuous year-round irrigation or gross irrigated areas), and (b) total area available for irrigation (TAAI), which does not consider intensity of irrigation (i.e. irrigated areas at any given point of time plus the areas left fallow but 'equipped for irrigation' at the same point of time or net irrigated areas). The AIA of the World at the end of the last millennium was 467 million hectares (Mha), which is sum of the non-overlapping areas of: (a) 252 Mha from season one, (b) 174 Mha from season two and (c) 41 Mha from continuous year-round crops. The TAAI at the end of the last millennium was 399 Mha. The distribution of irrigated areas is highly skewed amongst continents and countries. Asia accounts for 79% (370 Mha) of all AIAs, followed by Europe (7%) and North America (7%). Three continents, South America (4%), Africa (2%) and Australia (1%), have a very low proportion of the global irrigation. The GIAM had an accuracy of 79-91%, with errors of omission not exceeding 21%, and the errors of commission not exceeding 23%. The GIAM statistics were also compared with: (a) the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and University of Frankfurt (UF) derived irrigated areas and (b) national census data for India. The relationships and causes of differences are discussed in detail. The GIAM products are made available through a web portal (http://www.iwmigiam.org). ?? 2009 Taylor & Francis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/01431160802698919","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Thenkabail, P., Biradar, C., Noojipady, P., Dheeravath, V., Li, Y., Velpuri, M., Gumma, M., Gangalakunta, O., Turral, H., Cai, X., Vithanage, J., Schull, M., and Dutta, R., 2009, Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 14, p. 3679-3733, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802698919.","startPage":"3679","endPage":"3733","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217424,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802698919"},{"id":245370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a294ce4b0c8380cd5a827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noojipady, P.","contributorId":42453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noojipady","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Velpuri, M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":7935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gumma, M.","contributorId":7942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gangalakunta, O.R.P.","contributorId":84588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangalakunta","given":"O.R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Turral, H.","contributorId":50750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turral","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cai, X.","contributorId":95294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vithanage, J.","contributorId":62860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vithanage","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schull, M.A.","contributorId":70618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schull","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dutta, R.","contributorId":17452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutta","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70037108,"text":"70037108 - 2009 - Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70037108","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations","docAbstract":"Spatiotemporal data from satellite remote sensing and surface meteorology networks have made it possible to continuously monitor global plant production, and to identify global trends associated with land cover/use and climate change. Gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) are routinely derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard satellites Terra and Aqua, and estimates generally agree with independent measurements at validation sites across the globe. However, the accuracy of GPP and NPP estimates in some regions may be limited by the quality of model input variables and heterogeneity at fine spatial scales. We developed new methods for deriving model inputs (i.e., land cover, leaf area, and photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by plant canopies) from airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) and Quickbird multispectral data at resolutions ranging from about 30??m to 1??km. In addition, LiDAR-derived biomass was used as a means for computing carbon-use efficiency. Spatial variables were used with temporal data from ground-based monitoring stations to compute a six-year GPP and NPP time series for a 3600??ha study site in the Great Lakes region of North America. Model results compared favorably with independent observations from a 400??m flux tower and a process-based ecosystem model (BIOME-BGC), but only after removing vapor pressure deficit as a constraint on photosynthesis from the MODIS global algorithm. Fine-resolution inputs captured more of the spatial variability, but estimates were similar to coarse-resolution data when integrated across the entire landscape. Failure to account for wetlands had little impact on landscape-scale estimates, because vegetation structure, composition, and conversion efficiencies were similar to upland plant communities. Plant productivity estimates were noticeably improved using LiDAR-derived variables, while uncertainties associated with land cover generalizations and wetlands in this largely forested landscape were considered less important.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Cook, B., Bolstad, P., Naesset, E., Anderson, R., Garrigues, S., Morisette, J., Nickeson, J., and Davis, K., 2009, Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 11, p. 2366-2379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017.","startPage":"2366","endPage":"2379","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017"},{"id":244898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc013e4b08c986b329efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, B.D.","contributorId":62437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolstad, P.V.","contributorId":88977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolstad","given":"P.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naesset, E.","contributorId":44765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naesset","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrigues, S.","contributorId":37176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrigues","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nickeson, J.","contributorId":23786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickeson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davis, K.J.","contributorId":39614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037371,"text":"70037371 - 2009 - Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037371","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates (GHs) are a vast energy resource with global distribution in the permafrost and in the oceans. Even if conservative estimates are considered and only a small fraction is recoverable, the sheer size of the resource is so large that it demands evaluation as a potential energy source. In this review paper, we discuss the distribution of natural GH accumulations, the status of the primary international research and development (R&D) programs, and the remaining science and technological challenges facing the commercialization of production. After a brief examination of GH accumulations that are well characterized and appear to be models for future development and gas production, we analyze the role of numerical simulation in the assessment of the hydrate-production potential, identify the data needs for reliable predictions, evaluate the status of knowledge with regard to these needs, discuss knowledge gaps and their impact, and reach the conclusion that the numerical-simulation capabilities are quite advanced and that the related gaps either are not significant or are being addressed. We review the current body of literature relevant to potential productivity from different types of GH deposits and determine that there are consistent indications of a large production potential at high rates across long periods from a wide variety of hydrate deposits. Finally, we identify (a) features, conditions, geology and techniques that are desirable in potential production targets; (b) methods to maximize production; and (c) some of the conditions and characteristics that render certain GH deposits undesirable for production. Copyright ?? 2009 Society of Petroleum Engineers.","largerWorkTitle":"SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering","language":"English","issn":"10946470","usgsCitation":"Moridis, G.J., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., Kurihara, M., Reagan, M.T., Koh, C., and Sloan, E.D., 2009, Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential, <i>in</i> SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, v. 12, no. 5, p. 745-771.","startPage":"745","endPage":"771","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5bbe4b08c986b326876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moridis, G. J.","contributorId":64863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moridis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurihara, M.","contributorId":54823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurihara","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reagan, M. T.","contributorId":52424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reagan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koh, C.","contributorId":34360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sloan, E. D.","contributorId":8625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sloan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037369,"text":"70037369 - 2009 - In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T13:37:51","indexId":"70037369","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)","docAbstract":"<p>Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of green turtles has a global distribution and causes debilitating tumours of the skin and internal organs in several species of marine turtles. FP is associated with a presently non-cultivable alphaherpesvirus Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV). Our aims were to employ quantitative PCR targeted to pol DNA of CFPHV to determine (i) if DNA sequesters by tumour size and/or cell type, (ii) whether subculturing of cells is a viable strategy for isolating CFPHV and (iii) whether CFPHV can be induced to a lytic growth cycle in vitro using chemical modulators of replication (CMRs), temperature variation or co-cultivation. Additional objectives included determining whether non-tumour and tumour cells behave differently in vitro and confirming the phenotype of cultured cells using cell-type-specific antigens. CFPHV pol DNA was preferentially concentrated in dermal fibroblasts of skin tumours and the amount of viral DNA per cell was independent of tumour size. Copy number of CFPHV pol DNA per cell rapidly decreased with cell doubling of tumour-derived fibroblasts in culture. Attempts to induce viral replication in known CFPHV-DNA-positive cells using temperature or CMR failed. No significant differences were seen in in vitro morphology or growth characteristics of fibroblasts from tumour cells and paired normal skin, nor from CFPHV pol-DNA-positive intestinal tumour cells. Tumour cells were confirmed as fibroblasts or keratinocytes by positive staining with anti-vimentin and anti-pancytokeratin antibodies, respectively. CFPHV continues to be refractory to in vitro cultivation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society","doi":"10.1099/vir.0.011650-0","issn":"00221317","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Dagenais, J., Balazs, G.H., Schumacher, J., Lewis, T.D., Leong, J.C., Casey, R.N., and Casey, J.W., 2009, In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas): Journal of General Virology, v. 90, no. 8, p. 1943-1950, https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.011650-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1943","endPage":"1950","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476385,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.011650-0","text":"Publisher Index 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D.","contributorId":38407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leong, Jo-Ann C.","contributorId":96135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leong","given":"Jo-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Casey, Rufina N.","contributorId":104364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Rufina","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Casey, James W.","contributorId":92941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037367,"text":"70037367 - 2009 - Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T10:29:39","indexId":"70037367","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems","docAbstract":"<div class=\"quote\"><p>If you were asked to speculate about the form extra-terrestrial life on Mars might take, which geomicrobial phenomenon might you select as a model system, assuming that life on Mars would be ‘primitive’? Give your reasons.</p></div><p><br></p><p>At the end of my senior year at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1968, I took Professor Ehrlich's final for his Geomicrobiology course. The above question beckoned to me like the Sirens to Odysseus, for if I answered, it would take so much time and thought that I would never get around to the exam's other essay questions and consequently, would be “shipwrecked” by flunking the course. So, I passed it up. With this 41-year perspective in mind, this manuscript is now submitted to Professor Ehrlich for (belated) “extra-credit.” R.S. Oremland</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490450903102525","issn":"01490451","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Saltikov, C., Wolfe-Simon, F., and Stolz, J., 2009, Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 26, no. 7, p. 522-536, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450903102525.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217123,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490450903102525"},{"id":245040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed95e4b0c8380cd498ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltikov, C.W.","contributorId":16216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe-Simon, Felisa","contributorId":37167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe-Simon","given":"Felisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037365,"text":"70037365 - 2009 - The 2006-2007 Kuril Islands great earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:27:19.740943","indexId":"70037365","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2006-2007 Kuril Islands great earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>The southwestern half of a ∼500 km long seismic gap in the central Kuril Island arc subduction zone experienced two great earthquakes with extensive preshock and aftershock sequences in late 2006 to early 2007. The nature of seismic coupling in the gap had been uncertain due to the limited historical record of prior large events and the presence of distinctive upper plate, trench and outer rise structures relative to adjacent regions along the arc that have experienced repeated great interplate earthquakes in the last few centuries. The intraplate region seaward of the seismic gap had several shallow compressional events during the preceding decades (notably an M<sub>S</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>7.2 event on 16 March 1963), leading to speculation that the interplate fault was seismically coupled. This issue was partly resolved by failure of the shallow portion of the interplate megathrust in an M<sub>W</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 8.3 thrust event on 15 November 2006. This event ruptured ∼250 km along the seismic gap, just northeast of the great 1963 Kuril Island (M<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 8.5) earthquake rupture zone. Within minutes of the thrust event, intense earthquake activity commenced beneath the outer wall of the trench seaward of the interplate rupture, with the larger events having normal-faulting mechanisms. An unusual double band of interplate and intraplate aftershocks developed. On 13 January 2007, an M<sub>W</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 8.1 extensional earthquake ruptured within the Pacific plate beneath the seaward edge of the Kuril trench. This event is the third largest normal-faulting earthquake seaward of a subduction zone on record, and its rupture zone extended to at least 33 km depth and paralleled most of the length of the 2006 rupture. The 13 January 2007 event produced stronger shaking in Japan than the larger thrust event, as a consequence of higher short-period energy radiation from the source. The great event aftershock sequences were dominated by the expected faulting geometries; thrust faulting for the 2006 rupture zone, and normal faulting for the 2007 rupture zone. A large intraplate compressional event occurred on 15 January 2009 (M<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 7.4) near 45 km depth, below the rupture zone of the 2007 event and in the vicinity of the 16 March 1963 compressional event. The fault geometry, rupture process and slip distributions of the two great events are estimated using very broadband teleseismic body and surface wave observations. The occurrence of the thrust event in the shallowest portion of the interplate fault in a region with a paucity of large thrust events at greater depths suggests that the event removed most of the slip deficit on this portion of the interplate fault. This great earthquake doublet demonstrates the heightened seismic hazard posed by induced intraplate faulting following large interplate thrust events. Future seismic failure of the remainder of the seismic gap appears viable, with the northeastern region that has also experienced compressional activity seaward of the megathrust warranting particular attention.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006280","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lay, T., Kanamori, H., Ammon, C., Hutko, A.R., Furlong, K., and Rivera, L., 2009, The 2006-2007 Kuril Islands great earthquake sequence: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 11, B11308, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006280.","productDescription":"B11308, 31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb006280","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba64be4b08c986b32101c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lay, T.","contributorId":49909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lay","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ammon, C.J.","contributorId":28389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammon","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutko, Alexander R.","contributorId":101788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutko","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, K.","contributorId":37571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rivera, L.","contributorId":39535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037363,"text":"70037363 - 2009 - Assessment of the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus): II. Liver neoplasia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037363","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus): II. Liver neoplasia","docAbstract":"Liver pathology of fishes, including neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions, is widely used as an indicator of exposure to anthropogenic contaminants. By definition, the \"fish tumor or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment (BUI) at Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOC) includes neoplastic and preneoplastic liver lesions in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) or suckers. Unfortunately, adequate guidelines for defining neoplastic and preneoplastic liver lesions or determining rates at unimpacted control sites were not provided and different criteria have been used. In some cases, only neoplastic changes were used to calculate tumor prevalence, in some both neoplastic and preneoplastic changes and in some it is difficult to determine which changes were included. Using standardized criteria, the prevalence of liver neoplasia was compared at eight AOC during 1998-2000. The Cuyahoga River had the highest prevalence (25.0%), while the Maumee River had the lowest (3.9%). The Buffalo (4.8%), Detroit (5.9%), Ashtabula (6.8%), Niagara (7.5%) and Black (8.9%) rivers were intermediate, as was Presque Isle Bay (7.1%). From 2002 to 2007 the prevalence of liver neoplasia at Presque Isle Bay ranged from a low of 2.1% (2002) to a high of 12.0% (2007). Non-AOC sites, as potential reference sites, also were monitored during this time. By combining years and sites, the prevalence of liver neoplasia in bullhead (aged 2 to 12 years) at inland lakes was 0.7%, at bays/harbors was 1.6% and at tributary sites was 4.1%. This is the same trend (inland lakes < bays/harbors < tributaries < Presque Isle Bay) noted for orocutaneous neoplasms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.011","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Rafferty, S., Baumman, P., Smith, S., and Obert, E., 2009, Assessment of the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus): II. Liver neoplasia: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 527-537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.011.","startPage":"527","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.011"},{"id":244973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee5ee4b0c8380cd49d14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rafferty, S.D.","contributorId":28453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumman, P.C.","contributorId":83358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumman","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, S.B.","contributorId":47056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Obert, E.C.","contributorId":38808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obert","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037362,"text":"70037362 - 2009 - Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T14:54:41.531875","indexId":"70037362","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p>At Hancock Summit West, Nevada, western USA, uppermost Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) and lower and middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) rocks of the lower Guilmette Formation include, in stratigraphic sequence, carbonate-platform facies of the conodont<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zones; the type Alamo Breccia Member of the middle<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone; and slope facies of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hassi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zones. The catastrophically deposited Alamo Breccia and related phenomena record the ~&nbsp;382&nbsp;Ma Alamo event, produced by a km-scale bolide impact into a marine setting seaward of an extensive carbonate platform fringing western North America. Re-evaluation of conodonts from the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member, together with regional sedimentologic and conodont biofacies comparisons, now firmly locates the onset of the Johnson et al. (1985) transgressive–regressive (T–R) cycle IIc, which occurred after the start of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone, within a parautochthonous megablock low in the Alamo Breccia.</p><p>Whole-rock carbon isotope analyses through the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member reveal two positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>excursions: (1) a small, 3‰ excursion, which is possibly correlative with the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event previously identified from sections in Western Europe and Australia, occurs below the breccia in the Upper<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone to early part of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone; and (2) a large, multi-part excursion, dominated by a 6‰ positive shift, begins above the start of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone and onset of T–R cycle IIc and continues above the Alamo Breccia, ending near the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i>–<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hassi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>zonal boundary. This large excursion correlates with the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event, a major positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C excursion previously recognized in eastern Laurussia and northern Gondwana. Consistent with previous studies, at Hancock Summit West the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event is apparently not associated with any regional extinctions or ecosystem reorganizations.</p><p>In the study area, onset of the main<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event began after the start of both the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone and T–R cycle IIc, and preceded the Alamo impact by less than 650&nbsp;k.y., as inferred from conodont biochronologic and regional rock-accumulation rate estimates. Although complicated by the heterolithic, high-energy deposits of the Alamo Breccia, the carbon isotope record of the breccia and post-breccia beds does not indicate a major impact-correlative perturbation to the carbon cycle.</p><p>This study extends recognition of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event to western Laurussia, further reinforcing the potential global scale of the event and its potential importance to understanding early to middle Frasnian marine geochemistry and palaeoenvironments. Based on previous models and our observations, increased tectonic activity, increased nutrient flux to oceans, increased marine bioproductivity, widespread anoxia, and increased organic carbon burial were all likely key factors in driving the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event excursion. Furthermore, periodic eustatic and regional relative sea-level rises may have played an important role in promoting organic carbon burial and in maintaining a link between the primary open-marine geochemical signal and that recorded on the shallow-marine, lower Guilmette carbonate platform.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Morrow, J.R., Sandberg, C., Malkowski, K., and Joachimski, M., 2009, Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 282, no. 1-4, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science 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,{"id":70037360,"text":"70037360 - 2009 - Porites randalli: A new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T13:38:29.67879","indexId":"70037360","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Porites randalli</i>: A new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa","title":"Porites randalli: A new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new species of scleractinian coral,&nbsp;</span><i>Porites</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>randalli</i><span>&nbsp;</span><strong>spec.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span><strong>nov.</strong><span>&nbsp;(Scleractinia, Poritidae), previously known as&nbsp;</span><i>Porites</i><span>&nbsp;sp. 2, is described from American Samoa.&nbsp;</span><i>P.</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>randalli</i><span>&nbsp;typically forms small pale green colonies that are usually Porites&nbsp;</span><i>randalli</i><span>&nbsp;</span><strong>spec.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span><strong>nov.</strong><span>&nbsp;is an example of cryptic diversity; it is a small coral that at first glance can be overlooked or mistaken for a young colony of other species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.2244.1.2","usgsCitation":"Forsman, Z.H., and Birkeland, C., 2009, Porites randalli: A new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa: Zootaxa, v. 2244, no. 1, p. 51-59, https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2244.1.2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476417,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2244.1.2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244913,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"American Samoa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -171.1395263671875,\n              -14.477234210156507\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.4254150390625,\n              -14.477234210156507\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.4254150390625,\n              -14.157881896141461\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.1395263671875,\n              -14.157881896141461\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.1395263671875,\n              -14.477234210156507\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2244","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dd5e4b0c8380cd7a1b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forsman, Zac H.","contributorId":48430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"Zac","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birkeland, Charles","contributorId":149633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birkeland","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047290,"text":"70047290 - 2009 - Standardizing electrofishing power for boat electrofishing: chapter 14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T15:10:38.350514","indexId":"70047290","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Standardizing electrofishing power for boat electrofishing: chapter 14","docAbstract":"<p>Standardization of electrofishing can help reduced the variability of survey data and potentially reduce injur of fish. Without standardization, differences among collections can be partially attributed to disparities in electrofishing methodology, intensity of the electrical field, and size of the electrical field rather than to disparities in fish abundance, population structure, or fish community composition. Such standardization is critical when electrofishing is used to monitor temporal and spatial changes of fish assemblages in waters with diverse ambient conductivities. In a field study, standardization improved predictability of electrofishing catch rates by about 15% (Burkhardt and Gutreuter 1995). In a laboratory study, standardization of power transfer allowed scientists accurate prediction of control unit settings required to immobilize fish in a wide range of ambient conductivities (Miranda and Dolan 2003). Because electrofishing is an active capture method applied to changing microenvironments that continually distort the electric field and to multiple target species that respond&nbsp;differently to electric fields, complete standardization is not possible with present technology, but standardization of controllable power transferred to fish is advisable.</p>\n<p>Standardizing boat electrofishing entails achieving an accepted level of collection consistency by managing various brand factors, including (1) the temporal and spatial distribution of sampling effort, (2) boat operation, (3) equipment configuration, (4) characteristics of the waveform and energized field, and (5) power transferred to fish. This chapter focuses exclusively on factor 5:L factors 1-4 have been addressed in earlier chapters. Additionally, while the concepts covered in this chapter address boat electrofishing in general, the power settings discussed were developed from tests with primarily warmwater fish communities. Others (see Chapter 9) recommend lower power settings for communities consisting of primarily coldwater fishes. For reviews of basic concepts of electricity, electrofishing theory and systems, fish behavior relative to diverse waveforms, and injury matter, the reader is referred to Novotny (1990), Reynold (1996), and Snyder (2003).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch14","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., 2009, Standardizing electrofishing power for boat electrofishing: chapter 14, chap. <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 223-230, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch14.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":393,"text":"Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eebe4b02e26443a93b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509435,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509436,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509437,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":64132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156061,"text":"70156061 - 2009 - Effects of highway construction on stream water quality and macroinvertebrate condition in a mid-Atlantic highlands watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T17:09:59.060717","indexId":"70156061","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of highway construction on stream water quality and macroinvertebrate condition in a mid-Atlantic highlands watershed, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Refining best management practices (BMPs) for future highway construction depends on a comprehensive understanding of environmental impacts from current construction methods. Based on a before-after-control impact (BACI) experimental design, long-term stream monitoring (1997&ndash;2006) was conducted at upstream (as control,&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 3) and downstream (as impact,&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 6) sites in the Lost River watershed of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region, West Virginia. Monitoring data were analyzed to assess impacts of during and after highway construction on 15 water quality parameters and macroinvertebrate condition using the West Virginia stream condition index (WVSCI). Principal components analysis (PCA) identified regional primary water quality variances, and paired&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>&nbsp;tests and time series analysis detected seven highway construction-impacted water quality parameters which were mainly associated with the second principal component. In particular, impacts on turbidity, total suspended solids, and total iron during construction, impacts on chloride and sulfate during and after construction, and impacts on acidity and nitrate after construction were observed at the downstream sites. The construction had statistically significant impacts on macroinvertebrate index scores (i.e., WVSCI) after construction, but did not change the overall good biological condition. Implementing BMPs that address those construction-impacted water quality parameters can be an effective mitigation strategy for future highway construction in this highlands region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0423","usgsCitation":"Chen, Y., Viadero, R.C., Wei, X., Fortney, R.H., Hedrick, L.B., Welsh, S.A., Anderson, J.T., and Lin, L., 2009, Effects of highway construction on stream water quality and macroinvertebrate condition in a mid-Atlantic highlands watershed, USA: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1672-1682, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0423.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1672","endPage":"1682","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007372","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Hardy County","otherGeospatial":"Lost River 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H.","contributorId":37576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fortney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hedrick, Lara B.","contributorId":50346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":1483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lin, Lian-Shin","contributorId":146572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Lian-Shin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037211,"text":"70037211 - 2009 - Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037211","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems","docAbstract":"The pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, familiar to most Floridians as either food or bait shrimp, is ubiquitous in South Florida coastal and offshore waters and is proposed as an indicator for assessing restoration of South Florida's southern estuaries: Florida Bay, Biscayne Bay, and the mangrove estuaries of the lower southwest coast. Relationships between pink shrimp and salinity have been determined in both field and laboratory studies. Salinity is directly relevant to restoration because the salinity regimes of South Florida estuaries, critical nursery habitat for the pink shrimp, will be altered by changes in the quantity, timing, and distribution of freshwater inflow planned as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP). Here we suggest performance measures based on pink shrimp density (number per square meter) in the estuaries and propose a restoration assessment and scoring scheme using these performance measures that can readily be communicated to managers, policy makers, and the interested public. The pink shrimp is an appropriate restoration indicator because of its ecological as well as its economic importance and also because scientific interest in pink shrimp in South Florida has produced a wealth of information about the species and relatively long time series of data on both juveniles in estuarine nursery habitats and adults on the fishing grounds. We suggest research needs for improving the pink shrimp performance measure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Browder, J.A., and Robblee, M., 2009, Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems: Ecological Indicators, v. 9, no. 6 SUPPL., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007"},{"id":245028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6 SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b73e4b0c8380cd7945f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browder, Joan A.","contributorId":7439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browder","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robblee, M. B.","contributorId":23879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robblee","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037212,"text":"70037212 - 2009 - Monitoring urban land cover change by updating the national land cover database impervious surface products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T15:23:30.505237","indexId":"70037212","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring urban land cover change by updating the national land cover database impervious surface products","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 is widely used as a baseline for national land cover and impervious conditions. To ensure timely and relevant data, it is important to update this base to a more recent time period. A prototype method was developed to update the land cover and impervious surface by individual Landsat path and row. This method updates NLCD 2001 to a nominal date of 2006 by using both Landsat imagery and data from NLCD 2001 as the baseline. Pairs of Landsat scenes in the same season from both 2001 and 2006 were acquired according to satellite paths and rows and normalized to allow calculation of change vectors between the two dates. Conservative thresholds based on Anderson Level I land cover classes were used to segregate the change vectors and determine areas of change and no-change. Once change areas had been identified, impervious surface was estimated for areas of change by sampling from NLCD 2001 in unchanged areas. Methods were developed and tested across five Landsat path/row study sites that contain a variety of metropolitan areas. Results from the five study areas show that the vast majority of impervious surface changes associated with urban developments were accurately captured and updated. The approach optimizes mapping efficiency and can provide users a flexible method to generate updated impervious surface at national and regional scales.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2009 Joint urban remote sensing event","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event","conferenceDate":"may 20-22, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Shanghai, China","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/URS.2009.5137597","usgsCitation":"Xian, G.Z., and Homer, C.G., 2009, Monitoring urban land cover change by updating the national land cover database impervious surface products, <i>in</i> 2009 Joint urban remote sensing event, Shanghai, China, may 20-22, 2009, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1109/URS.2009.5137597.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dfae4b0c8380cd70713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037242,"text":"70037242 - 2009 - Feeding ecology of lake whitefish larvae in eastern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T13:26:20","indexId":"70037242","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology of lake whitefish larvae in eastern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"We examined the feeding ecology of larval lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) in Chaumont Bay, Lake Ontario, during April and May 2004-2006. Larvae were collected with towed ichthyoplankton nets offshore and with larval seines along the shoreline. Larval feeding periodicity was examined from collections made at 4-h intervals over one 24-h period in 2005. Inter-annual variation in diet composition (% dry weight) was low, as was spatial variation among collection sites within the bay. Copepods (81.4%), primarily cyclopoids (59.1%), were the primary prey of larvae over the 3-year period. Cladocerans (8.1%; mainly daphnids, 6.7%) and chironomids (7.3%) were the other major prey consumed. Larvae did not exhibit a preference for any specific prey taxa. Food consumption of lake whitefish larvae was significantly lower at night (i.e., 2400 and 0400 h). Substantial variation in diet composition occurred over the 24-h diel study. For the 24-h period, copepods were the major prey consumed (50.4%) and their contribution in the diet ranged from 29.3% (0400 h) to 85.9% (1200 h). Chironomids made up 33.4% of the diel diet, ranging from 8.0% (0800 h) to 69.9% (0400 h). Diel variation in the diet composition of lake whitefish larvae may require samples taken at several intervals over a 24-h period to gain adequate representation of their feeding ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.013","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McKenna, J., Chalupnicki, M., Wallbridge, T., and Chiavelli, R., 2009, Feeding ecology of lake whitefish larvae in eastern Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 603-607, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.013.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"607","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.013"},{"id":245062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Chaumont Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.9363,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,43.1696 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f6de4b0c8380cd538d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, James E.","contributorId":9217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chalupnicki, Marc A. 0000-0002-3792-9345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-9345","contributorId":11033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"Marc A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallbridge, Tim","contributorId":13068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallbridge","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiavelli, Rich","contributorId":70219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiavelli","given":"Rich","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037243,"text":"70037243 - 2009 - Effects of introduced fish on macroinvertebrate communities in historically fishless headwater and kettle lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T10:43:07","indexId":"70037243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of introduced fish on macroinvertebrate communities in historically fishless headwater and kettle lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Widespread fish introductions have led to a worldwide decline in the number of fishless lakes and their associated communities. Studies assessing effects of fish stocking on native communities in historically fishless lakes have been limited to high-elevation headwater lakes stocked with non-native trout. Little is known about the effect of fish stocking in historically fishless and hydrologically isolated lowland kettle lakes. We compared the effects of introduced fish on macroinvertebrate communities in kettle lakes stocked with centrarchids, salmonids, and cyprinids, and headwater lakes stocked with brook trout (</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>) in Maine, USA. Fish had significant effects on macroinvertebrate community structure in both lake types, with reduced species richness and abundances of taxa characteristic of fishless lakes. The effects of introduced fish were more pronounced in headwater lakes despite a less diverse fish assemblage than in kettle lakes. We attribute this to abundant submerged vegetation providing refuge from fish predation and reduced stocking frequency in kettle lakes. We assessed effects of stocking duration on macroinvertebrates in a subset of headwater lakes with known dates of trout introduction. Species richness and abundance of most taxa declined within 3&nbsp;years following trout introduction; however, richness and abundance were least in lakes with long stocking histories (&ge;40&nbsp;years). Macroinvertebrates previously identified as fishless bioindicators were absent from all stocked lakes, indicating that trout rapidly eliminate these sensitive taxa. Conservation of this historically undervalued ecosystem requires protecting remaining fishless lakes and recovering those that have been stocked.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.003","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Schilling, E., Loftin, C., and Huryn, A.D., 2009, Effects of introduced fish on macroinvertebrate communities in historically fishless headwater and kettle lakes: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 12, p. 3030-3038, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3030","endPage":"3038","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008370","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.0101318359375,\n              44.3002644115815\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0760498046875,\n              45.205263456162385\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83984375,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.59814453125,\n              45.6101948758674\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.24658203125,\n              45.954968795113395\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.093017578125,\n              45.84793427349226\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.97241210937499,\n              45.40230699238177\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.39562988281249,\n              44.680371641890375\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.8131103515625,\n              44.64911632343077\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.0712890625,\n              44.50434127765394\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.4173583984375,\n              44.50434127765394\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.36767578124999,\n              45.10066901851988\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0101318359375,\n              44.3002644115815\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"142","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0729e4b0c8380cd515b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, Emily Gaenzle","contributorId":66069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schilling","given":"Emily Gaenzle","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":460050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huryn, Alexander D. 0000-0002-1365-2361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1365-2361","contributorId":20164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huryn","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":28219,"text":"The University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037244,"text":"70037244 - 2009 - Elevated naturally occurring arsenic in a semiarid oxidizing system, Southern High Plains aquifer, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:13:20","indexId":"70037244","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated naturally occurring arsenic in a semiarid oxidizing system, Southern High Plains aquifer, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>High groundwater As concentrations in oxidizing systems are generally associated with As adsorption onto hydrous metal (Al, Fe or Mn) oxides and mobilization with increased pH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, sources and mobilization mechanisms of As in the Southern High Plains (SHP) aquifer, Texas, relative to those in other semiarid, oxidizing systems. Elevated groundwater As levels are widespread in the southern part of the SHP (SHP-S) aquifer, with 47% of wells exceeding the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10&nbsp;μg/L (range 0.3–164&nbsp;μg/L), whereas As levels are much lower in the north (SHP-N: 9%&nbsp;⩾&nbsp;As MCL of 10&nbsp;μg/L; range 0.2–43&nbsp;μg/L). The sharp contrast in As levels between the north and south coincides with a change in total dissolved solids (TDS) from 395&nbsp;mg/L (median north) to 885&nbsp;mg/L (median south). Arsenic is present as arsenate (As V) in this oxidizing system and is correlated with groundwater TDS (Spearman’s </span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.57). The most likely current source of As is sorbed As onto hydrous metal oxides based on correlations between As and other oxyanion-forming elements (V, </span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.88; Se, </span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.54; B, </span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.51 and Mo, </span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.46). This source is similar to that in other oxidizing systems and constitutes a secondary source; the most likely primary source being volcanic ashes in the SHP aquifer or original source rocks in the Rockies, based on co-occurrence of As and F (</span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.56), oxyanion-forming elements and SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span> (</span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.41), which are found in volcanic ashes. High groundwater As concentrations in some semiarid oxidizing systems are related to high evaporation. Although correlation of As with TDS in the SHP aquifer may suggest evaporative concentration, unenriched stable isotopes (δ</span><sup>2</sup><span>H: −65 to −27; δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O: −9.1 to −4.2) in the SHP aquifer do not support evaporation. High TDS in the SHP aquifer is most likely related to upward movement of saline water from the underlying Triassic Dockum aquifer. Mobilization of As in other semiarid oxidizing systems is caused by increased pH; however, pH in the SHP aquifer is near neutral (10–90 percentiles, 7.0–7.6). Although many processes, such as competitive desorption with SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, VO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, or PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, could be responsible for local mobilization of As in the SHP aquifer, the most plausible explanation for the regional As distribution and correlation with TDS is the counterion effect caused by a change from Ca- to Na-rich, water as shown by the high correlation between As and Na/(Ca)</span><sup>0.5</sup><span> ratios (</span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.57). This change in chemistry is related to mixing with saline water that moves upward from the underlying Dockum aquifer. This counterion effect may mobilize other anions and oxyanion-forming elements that are correlated with As (F, V, Se, B, Mo and SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>). Competition among the oxyanions for sorption sites may enhance As mobilization. The SHP case study has similar As sources to those of other semiarid, oxidizing systems (original volcanic ash source followed by sorption onto hydrous metal oxides) but contrasts with these systems by showing lack of evaporative concentration and pH mobilization of As but counterion mobilization of As instead in the SHP-S aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.08.004","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Nicot, J., Reedy, R., Kurtzman, D., Mukherjee, A., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2009, Elevated naturally occurring arsenic in a semiarid oxidizing system, Southern High Plains aquifer, Texas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 11, p. 2061-2071, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.08.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2061","endPage":"2071","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Southern High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.040771484375,\n              36.18665862660454\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0517578125,\n              31.970803930433096\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.974853515625,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.65625,\n              31.44741029142872\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8984375,\n              31.531726144517158\n            ],\n            [\n            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]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08c8e4b0c8380cd51c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicot, J.-P.","contributorId":103100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicot","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reedy, R.C.","contributorId":80880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reedy","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurtzman, D.","contributorId":98979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtzman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mukherjee, A.","contributorId":82832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukherjee","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037245,"text":"70037245 - 2009 - New Permian durhaminid cerioid corals from east-central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:30:42.546789","indexId":"70037245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Permian durhaminid cerioid corals from east-central California","docAbstract":"Permian colonial corals from Artinskian to Kungurian strata in the Conglomerate Mesa area, Inyo Mountains, east-central California, include five new species, one of which is assigned to a new genus. The new taxa are: Malpaisia maceyi n. gen. and n. sp., Pararachnastraea bellula n. sp., P. delicata n. sp., P. owensensis n. sp., and Cordillerastraea inyoensis n. sp. These species, several of which compare most closely with other Artinskian and Kungurian species from eastern Nevada and northern Mexico, represent three distinct stocks that differentiated on an isolated submarine uplift offshore from the main part of the Cordilleran carbonate shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"The Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1666/09-043.1","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., and Stone, P., 2009, New Permian durhaminid cerioid corals from east-central California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, no. 6, p. 946-953, https://doi.org/10.1666/09-043.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"946","endPage":"953","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245092,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65f9e4b0c8380cd72cbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, C.H.","contributorId":16102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, P.","contributorId":93632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037249,"text":"70037249 - 2009 - Seismic reflection characteristics of naturally-induced subsidence affecting transportation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037249","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic reflection characteristics of naturally-induced subsidence affecting transportation","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflections have been used effectively to investigate sinkholes formed from the dissolution of a bedded salt unit found throughout most of Central Kansas. Surface subsidence can have devastating effects on transportation structures. Roads, rails, bridges, and pipelines can even be dramatically affected by minor ground instability. Areas susceptible to surface subsidence can put public safety at risk. Subsurface expressions significantly larger than surface depressions are consistently observed on seismic images recorded over sinkholes in Kansas. Until subsidence reaches the ground surface, failure appears to be controlled by compressional forces evidenced by faults with reverse orientation. Once a surface depression forms or dissolution of the salt slows or stops, subsidence structures are consistent with a tensional stress environment with prevalent normal faults. Detecting areas of rapid subsidence potential, prior to surface failure, is the ultimate goal of any geotechnical survey where the ground surface is susceptible to settling. Seismic reflection images have helped correlate active subsidence to dormant paleofeatures, project horizontal growth of active sinkholes based on subsurface structures, and appraise the risk of catastrophic failure. ?? China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2009.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Earth Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12583-009-0042-z","issn":"1674487X","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., Xia, J., and Steeples, D., 2009, Seismic reflection characteristics of naturally-induced subsidence affecting transportation, <i>in</i> Journal of Earth Science, v. 20, no. 3, p. 496-512, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0042-z.","startPage":"496","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0042-z"},{"id":245153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b3fe4b08c986b3176d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steeples, D.W.","contributorId":45057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeples","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037309,"text":"70037309 - 2009 - Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:03:42","indexId":"70037309","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"It has been well documented that restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America do store carbon. However, the net benefit of carbon sequestration in wetlands in terms of a reduction in global warming forcing has often been questioned because of potentially greater emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). We compared gas emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, carbon dioxide [CO<sub>2</sub>]) and soil moisture and temperature from eight cropland and eight restored grassland wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region from May to October, 2003, to better understand the atmospheric carbon mitigation potential of restored wetlands. Results show that carbon dioxide contributed the most (90%) to net-GHG flux, followed by CH<sub>4</sub> (9%) and N<sub>2</sub>O (1%). Fluxes of N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and their combined global warming potential (CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents) did not significantly differ between cropland and grassland wetlands. The seasonal pattern in flux was similar in cropland and grassland wetlands with peak emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> occurring when soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) was 40-60% and &gt;60%, respectively; negative CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes were observed when WFPS approached 40%. Negative CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes from grassland wetlands occurred earlier in the season and were more pronounced than those from cropland sites because WFPS declined more rapidly in grassland wetlands; this decline was likely due to higher infiltration and evapotranspiration rates associated with grasslands. Our results suggest that restoring cropland wetlands does not result in greater emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub>, and therefore would not offset potential soil carbon sequestration. These findings, however, are limited to a small sample of seasonal wetlands with relatively short hydroperiods. A more comprehensive assessment of the GHG mitigation potential of restored wetlands should include a diversity of wetland types and land-use practices and consider the impact of variable climatic cycles that affect wetland hydrology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Gleason, R., Tangen, B., Browne, B., and Euliss, N., 2009, Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 41, no. 12, p. 2501-2507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2501","endPage":"2507","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008"}],"volume":"41","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6be4b0c8380cd5b168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, R.A.","contributorId":46035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tangen, B.A.","contributorId":102687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browne, B.A.","contributorId":85006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037308,"text":"70037308 - 2009 - Overview of the magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rovers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T10:42:09","indexId":"70037308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of the magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rovers","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mars Exploration Rovers have accumulated airborne dust on different types of permanent magnets. Images of these magnets document the dynamics of dust capture and removal over time. The strongly magnetic subset of airborne dust appears dark brown to black in Panoramic Camera (Pancam) images, while the weakly magnetic one is bright red. Images returned by the Microscopic Imager reveal the formation of magnetic chains diagnostic of magnetite‐rich grains with substantial magnetization (&gt;8 Am</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). On the basis of Mössbauer spectra the dust contains magnetite, olivine, pyroxene, and nanophase oxides in varying proportions, depending on wind regime and landing site. The dust contains a larger amount of ferric iron (Fe</span><sup>3+</sup><span>/Fe</span><sub>tot</sub><span>&nbsp;∼ 0.6) than rocks in the Gusev plains (∼0.1–0.2) or average Gusev soil (∼0.3). Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer data of the dust show that some of the iron in magnetite is substituted by titanium and chromium. The good correlation of the amount of calcium and sulfur in the dust may be caused by the presence of a calcium sulfate related phase. The overall mineralogical composition points to a basaltic origin of the airborne dust, although some alteration has taken place as indicated by the large degree of oxidation.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C. ","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003098","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Madsen, M., Goetz, W., Bertelsen, P., Binau, C., Folkmann, F., Gunnlaugsson, H., Hjollum, J., Hviid, S., Jensen, J., Kinch, K., Leer, K., Madsen, D., Merrison, J., Olsen, M., Arneson, H., Bell, J., Gellert, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Johnson, M.J., Klingelhofer, G., McCartney, E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R., Proton, J., Rodionov, D., Sims, M., Squyres, S.W., Wdowiak, T., and Yen, A.S., 2009, Overview of the magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rovers: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. E6, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003098.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/129771","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7247e4b0c8380cd769e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madsen, M.B.","contributorId":97291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, W.","contributorId":104258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bertelsen, P.","contributorId":66459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertelsen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binau, C.S.","contributorId":8738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binau","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Folkmann, F.","contributorId":83404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folkmann","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunnlaugsson, H.P.","contributorId":30518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunnlaugsson","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hjollum, J.I.","contributorId":33184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjollum","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hviid, S.F.","contributorId":49670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hviid","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jensen, J.","contributorId":25047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kinch, K.M.","contributorId":9041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinch","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leer, K.","contributorId":69025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Madsen, D.E.","contributorId":24649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Merrison, J.","contributorId":15481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrison","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Olsen, M.","contributorId":51539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Arneson, H.M.","contributorId":86935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arneson","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Johnson, M. J.","contributorId":52988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Klingelhofer, G.","contributorId":57195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhofer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"McCartney, E.","contributorId":10585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartney","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Proton, J.B.","contributorId":85470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proton","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Rodionov, D.","contributorId":60824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodionov","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sims, M.","contributorId":52695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Wdowiak, T.","contributorId":81287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wdowiak","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Yen, A. S.","contributorId":35860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30}]}}
,{"id":70037307,"text":"70037307 - 2009 - Spatial patterns and controls of soil chemical weathering rates along a transient hillslope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037307","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns and controls of soil chemical weathering rates along a transient hillslope","docAbstract":"Hillslopes have been intensively studied by both geomorphologists and soil scientists. Whereas geomorphologists have focused on the physical soil production and transport on hillslopes, soil scientists have been concerned with the topographic variation of soil geochemical properties. We combined these differing approaches and quantified soil chemical weathering rates along a grass covered hillslope in Coastal California. The hillslope is comprised of both erosional and depositional sections. In the upper eroding section, soil production is balanced by physical erosion and chemical weathering. The hillslope then transitions to a depositional slope where soil accumulates due to a historical reduction of channel incision at the hillslope's base. Measurements of hillslope morphology and soil thickness were combined with the elemental composition of the soil and saprolite, and interpreted through a process-based model that accounts for both chemical weathering and sediment transport. Chemical weathering of the minerals as they moved downslope via sediment transport imparted spatial variation in the geochemical properties of the soil. Inverse modeling of the field and laboratory data revealed that the long-term soil chemical weathering rates peak at 5 g m<sup>- 2</sup> yr<sup>- 1</sup> at the downslope end of the eroding section and decrease to 1.5 g m<sup>- 2</sup> yr<sup>- 1</sup> within the depositional section. In the eroding section, soil chemical weathering rates appear to be primarily controlled by the rate of mineral supply via colluvial input from upslope. In the depositional slope, geochemical equilibrium between soil water and minerals appeared to limit the chemical weathering rate. Soil chemical weathering was responsible for removing 6% of the soil production in the eroding section and 5% of colluvial influx in the depositional slope. These were among the lowest weathering rates reported for actively eroding watersheds, which was attributed to the parent material with low amount of weatherable minerals and intense coating of the primary minerals by secondary clay and iron oxides. We showed that both the morphologic disequilibrium of the hillslope and the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties are due to spatial variations in the physical and chemical processes that removed mass from the soil. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.021","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Yoo, K., Mudd, S., Sanderman, J., Amundson, R., and Blum, A., 2009, Spatial patterns and controls of soil chemical weathering rates along a transient hillslope: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 288, no. 1-2, p. 184-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.021.","startPage":"184","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.021"},{"id":245095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"288","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9494e4b08c986b31ab8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoo, K.","contributorId":73387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoo","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mudd, S.M.","contributorId":19377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudd","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanderman, J.","contributorId":107532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blum, A.","contributorId":63971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037305,"text":"70037305 - 2009 - Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:07:12","indexId":"70037305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","docAbstract":"<p><span>A wide range of urban ecosystem studies, including urban hydrology, urban climate, land use planning and watershed resource management, require accurate and up‐to‐date geospatial data of urban impervious surfaces. In this study, the potential of the synergistic use of optical and InSAR data in urban impervious surface mapping at the sub‐pixel level was investigated. A case study in Hong Kong was conducted for this purpose by applying a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to SPOT 5 multispectral imagery and ERS‐2 SAR data. Validated by reference data derived from high‐resolution colour‐infrared (CIR) aerial photographs, our results show that the addition of InSAR feature information can improve the estimation of impervious surface percentage (ISP) in comparison with using SPOT imagery alone. The improvement is especially notable in separating urban impervious surface from the vacant land/bare ground, which has been a difficult task in ISP modelling with optical remote sensing data. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential to map urban impervious surface by using InSAR data alone. This allows frequent monitoring of world's cities located in cloud‐prone and rainy areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160802555838","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Jiang, L., Liao, M., Lin, H., and Yang, L., 2009, Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 11, p. 2781-2796, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2796","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba340e4b08c986b31fc2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, L.","contributorId":107530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liao, M.","contributorId":86600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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