{"pageNumber":"2093","pageRowStart":"52300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70035110,"text":"70035110 - 2009 - Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035110","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","docAbstract":"Aim: Species richness has been observed to increase with productivity at large spatial scales, though the strength of this relationship varies among functional groups. In forests, canopy trees shade understorey plants, and for this reason we hypothesize that species richness of canopy trees will depend on macroclimate, while species richness of shorter growth forms will additionally be affected by shading from the canopy. In this study we test for differences in species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs) among growth forms (canopy trees, shrubs, herbaceous species) in small forest plots. Location: We analysed 231 plots ranging from 34.0?? to 48.3?? N latitude and from 75.0?? to 124.2?? W longitude in the United States. Methods: We analysed data collected by the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program for plant species richness partitioned into different growth forms, in small plots. We used actual evapotranspiration as a macroclimatic estimate of regional productivity and calculated the area of light-blocking tissue in the immediate area surrounding plots for an estimate of the intensity of local shading. We estimated and compared SRPRs for different partitions of the species richness dataset using generalized linear models and we incorporated the possible indirect effects of shading using a structural equation model. Results: Canopy tree species richness increased strongly with regional productivity, while local shading primarily explained the variation in herbaceous plant richness. Shrub species richness was related to both regional productivity and local shading. Main conclusions: The relationship between total forest plant species richness and productivity at large scales belies strong effects of local interactions. Counter to the pattern for overall richness, we found that understorey herbaceous plant species richness does not respond to regional productivity gradients, and instead is strongly influenced by canopy density, while shrub species richness is under multivariate control. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Oberle, B., Grace, J., and Chase, J., 2009, Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 18, no. 4, p. 416-425, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x.","startPage":"416","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x"},{"id":243092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0aee4b0c8380cd4a867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberle, B.","contributorId":15851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberle","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, J.M.","contributorId":90558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035114,"text":"70035114 - 2009 - The Neoglacial landscape and human history of Glacier Bay, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, southeast Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035114","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Neoglacial landscape and human history of Glacier Bay, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, southeast Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The Neoglacial landscape of the Huna Tlingit homeland in Glacier Bay is recreated through new interpretations of the lower Bay's fjordal geomorphology, late Quaternary geology and its ethnographic landscape. Geological interpretation is enhanced by 38 radiocarbon dates compiled from published and unpublished sources, as well as 15 newly dated samples. Neoglacial changes in ice positions, outwash and lake extents are reconstructed for c. 5500?????\"200 cal. yr ago, and portrayed as a set of three landscapes at 1600?????\"1000, 500?????\"300 and 300?????\"200 cal. yr ago. This history reveals episodic ice advance towards the Bay mouth, transforming it from a fjordal seascape into a terrestrial environment dominated by glacier outwash sediments and ice-marginal lake features. This extensive outwash plain was building in lower Glacier Bay by at least 1600 cal. yr ago, and had filled the lower bay by 500 cal. yr ago. The geologic landscape evokes the human-described landscape found in the ethnographic literature. Neoglacial climate and landscape dynamism created difficult but endurable environmental conditions for the Huna Tlingit people living there. Choosing to cope with environmental hardship was perhaps preferable to the more severely deteriorating conditions outside of the Bay as well as conflicts with competing groups. The central portion of the outwash plain persisted until it was overridden by ice moving into Icy Strait between AD 1724?????\"1794. This final ice advance was very abrupt after a prolonged still-stand, evicting the Huna Tlingit from their Glacier Bay homeland. ?? 2009 SAGE Publications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1177/0959683608101389","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Connor, C., Streveler, G., Post, A., Monteith, D., and Howell, W., 2009, The Neoglacial landscape and human history of Glacier Bay, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, southeast Alaska, USA: Holocene, v. 19, no. 3, p. 381-393, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683608101389.","startPage":"381","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683608101389"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba848e4b08c986b321b1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, C.","contributorId":62041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streveler, G.","contributorId":83755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streveler","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, A.","contributorId":51033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monteith, D.","contributorId":31596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteith","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howell, W.","contributorId":79321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034263,"text":"70034263 - 2009 - Climate-induced changes in high elevation stream nitrate dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:15:39","indexId":"70034263","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced changes in high elevation stream nitrate dynamics","docAbstract":"Mountain terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are responsive to external drivers of change, especially climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N). We explored the consequences of a temperature-warming trend on stream nitrate in an alpine and subalpine watershed in the Colorado Front Range that has long been the recipient of elevated atmospheric N deposition. Mean annual stream nitrate concentrations since 2000 are higher by 50% than an earlier monitoring period of 1991-1999. Mean annual N export increased by 28% from 2.03 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>yr<sup>-1</sup> before 2000 to 2.84 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>yr<sup>-1</sup> in Loch Vale watershed since 2000. The substantial increase in N export comes as a surprise, since mean wet atmospheric N deposition from 1991 to 2006 (3.06 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) did not increase. There has been a period of below average precipitation from 2000 to 2006 and a steady increase in summer and fall temperatures of 0.12??C yr<sup>-1</sup> in both seasons since 1991. Nitrate concentrations, as well as the weathering products calcium and sulfate, were higher for the period 2000-2006 in rock glacier meltwater at the top of the watershed above the influence of alpine and subalpine vegetation and soils. We conclude the observed recent N increases in Loch Vale are the result of warmer summer and fall mean temperatures that are melting ice in glaciers and rock glaciers. This, in turn, has exposed sediments from which N produced by nitrification can be flushed. We suggest a water quality threshold may have been crossed around 2000. The phenomenon observed in Loch Vale may be indicative of N release from ice features such as rock glaciers worldwide as mountain glaciers retreat. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01847.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Schmidt, T., and Hartman, M., 2009, Climate-induced changes in high elevation stream nitrate dynamics: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1777-1789, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01847.x.","startPage":"1777","endPage":"1789","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01847.x"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f659e4b0c8380cd4c6ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, T.M.","contributorId":58789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, M.D.","contributorId":7671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035169,"text":"70035169 - 2009 - The effects of enhanced zinc on spatial memory and plaque formation in transgenic mice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T15:05:44","indexId":"70035169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2153,"text":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of enhanced zinc on spatial memory and plaque formation in transgenic mice","docAbstract":"There is considerable evidence suggesting that metals play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Reports suggest that elevated dietary metals may both precipitate and potentiate an Alzheimer's disease phenotype. Despite this, there remain few studies that have examined the behavioral consequences of elevated dietary metals in wild type and Alzheimer's disease animals. To further investigate this in the current study, two separate transgenic models of AD (Tg2576 and TgCRND8), together with wild type littermates were administered 10 ppm (0.153 mM) Zn. Tg2576 animals were maintained on a zinc-enriched diet both pre- and postnatally until 11 months of age, while TgCRND8 animals were treated for five months following weaning. Behavioral testing, consisting of \"Atlantis\" and \"moving\" platform versions of the Morris water maze, were conducted at the end of the study, and tissues were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of amyloid-β burden. Our data demonstrate that the provision of a zinc-enriched diet potentiated Alzheimer-like spatial memory impairments in the transgenic animals and was associated with reduced hippocampal amyloid-β plaque deposits. Zinc-related behavioral deficits were also demonstrated in wild type mice, which were sometimes as great as those present in the transgenic animals. However, zinc-related cognitive impairments in transgenic mice were greater than the summation of zinc effects in the wild type mice and the transgene effects.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IOS Press","doi":"10.3233/JAD-2009-1162","issn":"13872877","usgsCitation":"Linkous, D., Adlard, P., Wanschura, P., Conko, K., and Flinn, J., 2009, The effects of enhanced zinc on spatial memory and plaque formation in transgenic mice: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, v. 18, no. 3, p. 565-579, https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2009-1162.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"579","costCenters":[{"id":628,"text":"Water Resources Discipline","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215243,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2009-1162"},{"id":243032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab78e4b08c986b322e79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linkous, D.H.","contributorId":81303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linkous","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adlard, P.A.","contributorId":51565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adlard","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanschura, P.B.","contributorId":30471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanschura","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conko, K.M. 0000-0001-6361-4921","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":37503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flinn, J.M.","contributorId":45892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035115,"text":"70035115 - 2009 - The contemporary cement cycle of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T09:46:56","indexId":"70035115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2383,"text":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contemporary cement cycle of the United States","docAbstract":"A country-level stock and flow model for cement, an important construction material, was developed based on a material flow analysis framework. Using this model, the contemporary cement cycle of the United States was constructed by analyzing production, import, and export data for different stages of the cement cycle. The United States currently supplies approximately 80% of its cement consumption through domestic production and the rest is imported. The average annual net addition of in-use new cement stock over the period 2000-2004 was approximately 83 million metric tons and amounts to 2.3 tons per capita of concrete. Nonfuel carbon dioxide emissions (42 million metric tons per year) from the calcination phase of cement manufacture account for 62% of the total 68 million tons per year of cement production residues. The end-of-life cement discards are estimated to be 33 million metric tons per year, of which between 30% and 80% is recycled. A significant portion of the infrastructure in the United States is reaching the end of its useful life and will need to be replaced or rehabilitated; this could require far more cement than might be expected from economic forecasts of demand for cement. ?? 2009 Springer Japan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x","issn":"14384957","usgsCitation":"Kapur, A., Van Oss, H., Keoleian, G., Kesler, S., and Kendall, A., 2009, The contemporary cement cycle of the United States: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, v. 11, no. 2, p. 155-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa59e4b08c986b3227e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapur, A.","contributorId":19390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Oss, H. G.","contributorId":84581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oss","given":"H. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keoleian, G.","contributorId":71785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keoleian","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kesler, S.E.","contributorId":42717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesler","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, A.","contributorId":48781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034452,"text":"70034452 - 2009 - Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034452","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties","docAbstract":"To understand their relation to pedogenic development, soil hydraulic properties in the Mojave Desert were investi- gated for three deposit types: (i) recently deposited sediments in an active wash, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age, and (iii) a highly developed soil of late Pleistocene age. Eff ective parameter values were estimated for a simplifi ed model based on Richards' equation using a fl ow simulator (VS2D), an inverse algorithm (UCODE-2005), and matric pressure and water content data from three ponded infi ltration experiments. The inverse problem framework was designed to account for the eff ects of subsurface lateral spreading of infi ltrated water. Although none of the inverse problems converged on a unique, best-fi t parameter set, a minimum standard error of regression was reached for each deposit type. Parameter sets from the numerous inversions that reached the minimum error were used to develop probability distribu tions for each parameter and deposit type. Electrical resistance imaging obtained for two of the three infi ltration experiments was used to independently test fl ow model performance. Simulations for the active wash and Holocene soil successfully depicted the lateral and vertical fl uxes. Simulations of the more pedogenically developed Pleistocene soil did not adequately replicate the observed fl ow processes, which would require a more complex conceptual model to include smaller scale heterogeneities. The inverse-modeling results, however, indicate that with increasing age, the steep slope of the soil water retention curve shitis toward more negative matric pressures. Assigning eff ective soil hydraulic properties based on soil age provides a promising framework for future development of regional-scale models of soil moisture dynamics in arid environments for land-management applications. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2008.0051","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B., Perkins, K., Nimmo, J., and Singha, K., 2009, Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 8, no. 2, p. 496-509, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0051.","startPage":"496","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0051"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3581e4b0c8380cd5ffa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, B.B.","contributorId":68128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"B.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, K. S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":77557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singha, K.","contributorId":51431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033969,"text":"70033969 - 2009 - Late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentation and hydrocarbon seeps on the continental shelf of a steep, tectonically active margin, southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-17T08:56:18","indexId":"70033969","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentation and hydrocarbon seeps on the continental shelf of a steep, tectonically active margin, southern California, USA","docAbstract":"Small, steep, uplifting coastal watersheds are prolific sediment producers that contribute significantly to the global marine sediment budget. This study illustrates how sedimentation evolves in one such system where the continental shelf is largely sediment-starved, with most terrestrial sediment bypassing the shelf in favor of deposition in deeper basins. The Santa Barbara-Ventura coast of southern California, USA, is considered a classic area for the study of active tectonics and of Tertiary and Quaternary climatic evolution, interpretations of which depend upon an understanding of sedimentation patterns. High-resolution seismic-reflection data over &gt;570 km<sup>2</sup> of this shelf show that sediment production is concentrated in a few drainage basins, with the Ventura and Santa Clara River deltas containing most of the upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediment on the shelf. Away from those deltas, the major factor controlling shelf sedimentation is the interaction of wave energy with coastline geometry. Depocenters containing sediment 5-20 m thick exist opposite broad coastal embayments, whereas relict material (bedrock below a regional unconformity) is exposed at the sea floor in areas of the shelf opposite coastal headlands. Locally, natural hydrocarbon seeps interact with sediment deposition either to produce elevated tar-and-sediment mounds or as gas plumes that hinder sediment settling. As much as 80% of fluvial sediment delivered by the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers is transported off the shelf (some into the Santa Barbara Basin and some into the Santa Monica Basin via Hueneme Canyon), leaving a shelf with relatively little recent sediment accumulation. Understanding factors that control large-scale sediment dispersal along a rapidly uplifting coast that produces substantial quantities of sediment has implications for interpreting the ancient stratigraphic record of active and transform continental margins, and for inferring the distribution of hydrocarbon resources in relict shelf deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11001-009-9076-y","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., Hart, P.E., Lorenson, T., Ryan, H., Wong, F.L., Sliter, R.W., and Conrad, J.E., 2009, Late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentation and hydrocarbon seeps on the continental shelf of a steep, tectonically active margin, southern California, USA: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 30, no. 3, p. 193-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-009-9076-y.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216833,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11001-009-9076-y"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4518e4b0c8380cd67028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F.","contributorId":67616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033954,"text":"70033954 - 2009 - Experimental infection of cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with varying doses of West Nile virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T11:36:26","indexId":"70033954","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":733,"text":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental infection of cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with varying doses of West Nile virus","docAbstract":"Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) were inoculated with differing doses of West Nile virus (WNV) to evaluate their potential role as reservoir hosts in nature. Swallows often nest in large colonies in habitats and months associated with high mosquito abundance and early WNV transmission in North America. Additionally, cliff swallow diet consists of insects, including mosquitoes, leading to an additional potential route of WNV infection. The average peak viremia titer among infected cliff swallows was 10<sup>6.3</sup> plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL serum and the reservoir competence index was 0.34. There was no correlation between dose and probability of becoming infected or viremia peak and duration. Oral shedding was detected from 2 to 14 days post-inoculation with an average peak titer of 10<sup>44</sup> PFU/swab. These results suggest that cliff swallows are competent reservoir hosts of WNV and therefore, they may play a role in early seasonal amplification and maintenance of WNV. Copyright ?? 2009 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.","language":"English","publisher":"ASTMH","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0136","issn":"00029637","usgsCitation":"Oesterle, P., Nemeth, N., VanDalen, K.K., Sullivan, H., Bentler, K., Young, G., McLean, R.G., Clark, L., Smeraski, C., and Hall, J.S., 2009, Experimental infection of cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with varying doses of West Nile virus: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 81, no. 6, p. 1159-1164, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0136.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1164","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0136"}],"volume":"81","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dd1e4b0c8380cd531e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oesterle, P.T.","contributorId":6270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oesterle","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nemeth, N.M.","contributorId":72101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemeth","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanDalen, Kaci K.","contributorId":86984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDalen","given":"Kaci","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, H.","contributorId":26150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bentler, K.T.","contributorId":86182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentler","given":"K.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Young, G.R.","contributorId":89364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLean, R. G.","contributorId":24722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, L.","contributorId":27416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smeraski, C.","contributorId":106328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smeraski","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70034447,"text":"70034447 - 2009 - Water velocity and the nature of critical flow in large rapids on the Colorado River, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T17:05:56","indexId":"70034447","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water velocity and the nature of critical flow in large rapids on the Colorado River, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rapids are an integral part of bedrock‐controlled rivers, influencing aquatic ecology, geomorphology, and recreational value. Flow measurements in rapids and high‐gradient rivers are uncommon because of technical difficulties associated with positioning and operating sufficiently robust instruments. In the current study, detailed velocity, water surface, and bathymetric data were collected within rapids on the Colorado River in eastern Utah. With the water surface survey, it was found that shoreline‐based water surface surveys may misrepresent the water surface slope along the centerline of a rapid. Flow velocities were measured with an ADCP and an electronic pitot‐static tube. Integrating multiple measurements, the ADCP returned velocity data from the entire water column, even in sections of high water velocity. The maximum mean velocity measured with the ADCP was 3.7 m/s. The pitot‐static tube, while capable of only point measurements, quantified velocity 0.39 m below the surface. The maximum mean velocity measured with the pitot tube was 5.2 m/s, with instantaneous velocities up to 6.5 m/s. Analysis of the data showed that flow was subcritical throughout all measured rapids with a maximum measured Froude number of 0.7 in the largest measured rapids. Froude numbers were highest at the entrance of a given rapid, then decreased below the first breaking waves. In the absence of detailed bathymetric and velocity data, the Froude number in the fastest‐flowing section of a rapid was estimated from near‐surface velocity and depth soundings alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR007731","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Gartner, J.W., Smart, G.M., and Webb, R., 2009, Water velocity and the nature of critical flow in large rapids on the Colorado River, Utah: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 5, Article W05427; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR007731.","productDescription":"Article W05427; 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr007731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bccc5e4b08c986b32dcfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smart, Graeme M.","contributorId":854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smart","given":"Graeme","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034525,"text":"70034525 - 2009 - NMR imaging of fluid exchange between macropores and matrix in eogenetic karst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034525","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NMR imaging of fluid exchange between macropores and matrix in eogenetic karst","docAbstract":"Sequential time-step images acquired using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) show the displacement of deuterated water (D<sub>2</sub>O) by fresh water within two limestone samples characterized by a porous and permeable limestone matrix of peloids and ooids. These samples were selected because they have a macropore system representative of some parts of the eogenetic karst limestone of the Biscayne Aquifer in southeastern Florida. The macroporosity, created by the trace fossil Ophiomorpha, is principally well connected and of centimeter scale. These macropores occur in broadly continuous stratiform zones that create preferential flow layers within the hydrogeologic units of the Biscayne. This arrangement of porosity is important because in coastal areas, it could produce a preferential pathway for salt water intrusion. Two experiments were conducted in which samples saturated with D<sub>2</sub>O were placed in acrylic chambers filled with fresh water and examined with NMR. Results reveal a substantial flux of fresh water into the matrix porosity with a simultaneous loss of D <sub>2</sub>O. Specifically, we measured rates upward of 0.001 mL/h/g of sample in static conditions, and perhaps as great as 0.07 mL/h/g of sample when fresh water continuously flows past a sample at velocities less than those found within stressed areas of the Biscayne. These experiments illustrate how fresh water and D<sub>2</sub>O, with different chemical properties, migrate within one type of matrix porosity found in the Biscayne. Furthermore, these experiments are a comparative exercise in the displacement of sea water by fresh water in the matrix of a coastal, karst aquifer since D<sub>2</sub>O has a greater density than fresh water. ?? 2008 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00526.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Florea, L., Cunningham, K., and Altobelli, S., 2009, NMR imaging of fluid exchange between macropores and matrix in eogenetic karst: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 3, p. 382-390, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00526.x.","startPage":"382","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00526.x"},{"id":243843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6148e4b0c8380cd718bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florea, L.J.","contributorId":22968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Florea","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Altobelli, S.","contributorId":99794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altobelli","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032244,"text":"70032244 - 2009 - Effects of an invasive plant on a desert sand dune landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70032244","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an invasive plant on a desert sand dune landscape","docAbstract":"Given the abundance of non-native species invading wildland habitats, managers need to employ informed triage to focus control efforts on weeds with the greatest potential for negative impacts. Our objective here was to determine the level of threat Sahara mustard, Brassica tournefortii, represents to meeting regional goals for protecting biodiversity. Sahara mustard has spread throughout much of the Mojave and lower Sonoran Deserts. It has occurred in southern California's Coachella Valley for nearly 80 years, punctuated by years of extremely high abundance following high rainfall. In those years the mustard has clear negative impacts on the native flora. Using mustard removal experiments we identified reductions in native plant reproduction, shifting composition increasingly toward Sahara mustard while decreasing the fraction of native species. High between-year variance in precipitation may be a key to maintaining biodiversity as the mustard is less abundant in drier years. Sahara mustard impacts to the native fauna were much less evident. Of the animal species evaluated, only the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard, Uma inornata, demonstrated a negative response to mustard abundance; however the impacts were short-lived, lasting no more than a year after the mustard's dominance waned. Without control measures the long-term impacts to desert biodiversity may rest on the changing climate. Wetter conditions or increased periodicity of high rainfall years will favor Sahara mustard and result in reduced biodiversity, especially of native annual plants. Drier conditions will keep the mustard from becoming dominant but may have other negative consequences on the native flora and fauna. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-008-9282-6","issn":"13873","usgsCitation":"Barrows, C., Allen, E., Brooks, M., and Allen, M., 2009, Effects of an invasive plant on a desert sand dune landscape: Biological Invasions, v. 11, no. 3, p. 673-686, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9282-6.","startPage":"673","endPage":"686","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9282-6"},{"id":242840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a068ae4b0c8380cd512c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, C.W.","contributorId":32746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, E.B.","contributorId":65803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, M.F.","contributorId":51563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034526,"text":"70034526 - 2009 - A global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) at the end of last millennium using remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034526","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) at the end of last millennium using remote sensing","docAbstract":"The overarching goal of this study was to produce a global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) and calculate country-by-country rainfed area statistics using remote sensing data. A suite of spatial datasets, methods and protocols for mapping GMRCA were described. These consist of: (a) data fusion and composition of multi-resolution time-series mega-file data-cube (MFDC), (b) image segmentation based on precipitation, temperature, and elevation zones, (c) spectral correlation similarity (SCS), (d) protocols for class identification and labeling through uses of SCS R<sup>2</sup>-values, bi-spectral plots, space-time spiral curves (ST-SCs), rich source of field-plot data, and zoom-in-views of Google Earth (GE), and (e) techniques for resolving mixed classes by decision tree algorithms, and spatial modeling. The outcome was a 9-class GMRCA from which country-by-country rainfed area statistics were computed for the end of the last millennium. The global rainfed cropland area estimate from the GMRCA 9-class map was 1.13 billion hectares (Bha). The total global cropland areas (rainfed plus irrigated) was 1.53 Bha which was close to national statistics compiled by FAOSTAT (1.51 Bha). The accuracies and errors of GMRCA were assessed using field-plot and Google Earth data points. The accuracy varied between 92 and 98% with kappa value of about 0.76, errors of omission of 2-8%, and the errors of commission of 19-36%. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2008.11.002","issn":"15698432","usgsCitation":"Biradar, C., Thenkabail, P., Noojipady, P., Li, Y., Dheeravath, V., Turral, H., Velpuri, M., Gumma, M., Gangalakunta, O., Cai, X., Xiao, X., Schull, M., Alankara, R., Gunasinghe, S., and Mohideen, S., 2009, A global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) at the end of last millennium using remote sensing: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 11, no. 2, p. 114-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2008.11.002.","startPage":"114","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2008.11.002"},{"id":243876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e409e4b0c8380cd46386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noojipady, P.","contributorId":42453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noojipady","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turral, H.","contributorId":50750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turral","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Velpuri, M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":7935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gumma, M.K.","contributorId":12286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gangalakunta, O.R.P.","contributorId":84588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangalakunta","given":"O.R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cai, X.L.","contributorId":81711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"X.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Xiao, X.","contributorId":82869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schull, M.A.","contributorId":70618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schull","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Alankara, R.D.","contributorId":94883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alankara","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gunasinghe, S.","contributorId":50751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunasinghe","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Mohideen, S.","contributorId":90130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohideen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70034527,"text":"70034527 - 2009 - Hydrologic connectivity between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach‐ and plot‐scale understanding to the catchment scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T07:37:36","indexId":"70034527","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic connectivity between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach‐ and plot‐scale understanding to the catchment scale","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relationship between catchment structure and runoff characteristics is poorly understood. In steep headwater catchments with shallow soils the accumulation of hillslope area (upslope accumulated area (UAA)) is a hypothesized first‐order control on the distribution of soil water and groundwater. Hillslope‐riparian water table connectivity represents the linkage between the dominant catchment landscape elements (hillslopes and riparian zones) and the channel network. Hydrologic connectivity between hillslope‐riparian‐stream (HRS) landscape elements is heterogeneous in space and often temporally transient. We sought to test the relationship between UAA and the existence and longevity of HRS shallow groundwater connectivity. We quantified water table connectivity based on 84 recording wells distributed across 24 HRS transects within the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (U.S. Forest Service), northern Rocky Mountains, Montana. Correlations were observed between the longevity of HRS water table connectivity and the size of each transect's UAA (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.91). We applied this relationship to the entire stream network to quantify landscape‐scale connectivity through time and ascertain its relationship to catchment‐scale runoff dynamics. We found that the shape of the estimated annual landscape connectivity duration curve was highly related to the catchment flow duration curve (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.95). This research suggests internal catchment landscape structure (topography and topology) as a first‐order control on runoff source area and whole catchment response characteristics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007225","usgsCitation":"Jencso, K.G., McGlynn, B.L., Gooseff, M.N., Wondzell, S.M., Bencala, K.E., and Marshall, L.A., 2009, Hydrologic connectivity between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach‐ and plot‐scale understanding to the catchment scale: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 4, W04428; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007225.","productDescription":"W04428; 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1554","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a35a3e4b0c8380cd600bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jencso, Kelsey G.","contributorId":32375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jencso","given":"Kelsey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGlynn, Brian L.","contributorId":83012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":191367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wondzell, Steven M.","contributorId":80189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wondzell","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":446227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marshall, Lucy A. 0000-0003-0450-4292","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-4292","contributorId":198080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Lucy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035182,"text":"70035182 - 2009 - Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","docAbstract":"Sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) movements, home range, and activity budgets were described from data collected during very-high-frequency radiotelemetry studies of 75 individuals on the outer coast of Washington State between 1992 and 1999. Sea otters were located at least once per week from 22 accessible sites along the coast. Over the 7-year study period, range expansion occurred from the core range north and east into the Strait of Juan de Fuca (SJF) as well as southward on the outer coast. Forty-three percent of the sea otters moved into the SJF at least once, most often in winter, using habitat that had not been occupied by sea otters since their extirpation 100 years ago. All sea otters spent portions of their time in the vicinity of Cape Alava, and many animals demonstrated consistent periodic seasonal shifts between specific portions of the coastline over several years. Ninety-five percent annual linear home ranges differed between sex and age classes. Adult males used the largest amount of coastline (50 km ?? 9 5D) and subadult females used the least (24 ?? 9 km). Both adult males and females demonstrated high seasonal periodicity in range use in summer and winter. Twenty-four-hour time budgets in the core portion of the range revealed on average sea otters spent 41% ?? 14% SD of the time foraging and 45% ?? 13% of the time resting (age and sex classes pooled). Adult and subadult female sea otters were most frequently found resting and foraging close to shore (< 1,000 m) and in shallow water (0-10 m), whereas adult and subadult males rested and foraged > 1,000 m offshore and at depths between 10 and 30 m. Given current rates of population growth and observed mobility, sea otters in Washington have high potential for range expansion into unoccupied habitat such as Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the SJF, or along Vancouver Island. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Laidre, K., Jameson, R., Gurarie, E., Jeffries, S., and Allen, H., 2009, Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 4, p. 906-917, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1.","startPage":"906","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476182,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-338.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1"},{"id":243228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b947fe4b08c986b31ab16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laidre, K.L.","contributorId":88319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurarie, E.","contributorId":103487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurarie","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeffries, S.J.","contributorId":26262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffries","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, H.","contributorId":59209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032840,"text":"70032840 - 2009 - Time budgets of Snow Geese Chen caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii in mixed flocks: Implications of body size, ambient temperature and family associations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032840","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time budgets of Snow Geese Chen caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii in mixed flocks: Implications of body size, ambient temperature and family associations","docAbstract":"Body size affects foraging and forage intake rates directly via energetic processes and indirectly through interactions with social status and social behaviour. Ambient temperature has a relatively greater effect on the energetics of smaller species, which also generally are more vulnerable to predator attacks than are larger species. We examined variability in an index of intake rates and an index of alertness in Lesser Snow Geese Chen caerulescens caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii wintering in southwest Louisiana. Specifically we examined variation in these response variables that could be attributed to species, age, family size and ambient temperature. We hypothesized that the smaller Ross's Geese would spend relatively more time feeding, exhibit relatively higher peck rates, spend more time alert or raise their heads up from feeding more frequently, and would respond to declining temperatures by increasing their proportion of time spent feeding. As predicted, we found that Ross's Geese spent more time feeding than did Snow Geese and had slightly higher peck rates than Snow Geese in one of two winters. Ross's Geese spent more time alert than did Snow Geese in one winter, but alert rates differed by family size, independent of species, in contrast to our prediction. In one winter, time spent foraging and walking was inversely related to average daily temperature, but both varied independently of species. Effects of age and family size on time budgets were generally independent of species and in accordance with previous studies. We conclude that body size is a key variable influencing time spent feeding in Ross's Geese, which may require a high time spent feeding at the expense of other activities. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00895.x","issn":"00191","usgsCitation":"Jonsson, J., and Afton, A., 2009, Time budgets of Snow Geese Chen caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii in mixed flocks: Implications of body size, ambient temperature and family associations: Ibis, v. 151, no. 1, p. 134-144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00895.x.","startPage":"134","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476194,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2008.00895.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213933,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00895.x"}],"volume":"151","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb394e4b08c986b325e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonsson, J.E.","contributorId":61623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032654,"text":"70032654 - 2009 - Identification of methyl triclosan and halogenated analogues in male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Las Vegas Bay and semipermeable membrane devices from Las Vegas Wash, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T17:40:03.248634","indexId":"70032654","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of methyl triclosan and halogenated analogues in male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Las Vegas Bay and semipermeable membrane devices from Las Vegas Wash, Nevada","docAbstract":"Methyl triclosan and four halogenated analogues have been identified in extracts of individual whole-body male carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissue that were collected from Las Vegas Bay, Nevada, and Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMD) that were deployed in Las Vegas Wash, Nevada. Methyl triclosan is believed to be the microbially methylated product of the antibacterial agent triclosan (2, 4, 4'-trichloro-4-hydroxydiphenyl ether, Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number 3380-34-5, Irgasan DP300). The presence of methyl triclosan and four halogenated analogues was confirmed in SPMD extracts by comparing low- and high-resolution mass spectral data and Kovats retention indices of methyl triclosan with commercially obtained triclosan that was derivatized to the methyl ether with ethereal diazomethane. The four halogenated analogues of methyl triclosan detected in both whole-body tissue and SPMD extracts were tentatively identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Methyl triclosan was detected in all 29 male common carp from Las Vegas Bay with a mean concentration of 596????g kg- 1 wet weight (ww) which is more than an order of magnitude higher than previously reported concentrations in the literature. The halogenated analogs were detected less frequently (21%-76%) and at much lower concentrations (< 51????g kg- 1 ww). None of these compounds were detected in common carp from a Lake Mead reference site in Overton Arm, Nevada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.009","issn":"00489","usgsCitation":"Leiker, T., Abney, S., Goodbred, S.L., and Rosen, M.R., 2009, Identification of methyl triclosan and halogenated analogues in male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Las Vegas Bay and semipermeable membrane devices from Las Vegas Wash, Nevada: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 6, p. 2102-2114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.009.","startPage":"2102","endPage":"2114","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213796,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.009"}],"volume":"407","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3832e4b0c8380cd614a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abney, S.R.","contributorId":103094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abney","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodbred, S. L.","contributorId":58232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035116,"text":"70035116 - 2009 - A comparison of complete mitochondrial genomes of silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp hypophthalmichthys nobilis: Implications for their taxonomic relationship and phylogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035116","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of complete mitochondrial genomes of silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp hypophthalmichthys nobilis: Implications for their taxonomic relationship and phylogeny","docAbstract":"Based upon morphological characters, Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (or Aristichthys nobilis) have been classified into either the same genus or two distinct genera. Consequently, the taxonomic relationship of the two species at the generic level remains equivocal. This issue is addressed by sequencing complete mitochondrial genomes of H. molitrix and H. nobilis, comparing their mitogenome organization, structure and sequence similarity, and conducting a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of cyprinid species. As with other cyprinid fishes, the mitogenomes of the two species were structurally conserved, containing 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs) genes and a putative control region (D-loop). Sequence similarity between the two mitogenomes varied in different genes or regions, being highest in the tRNA genes (98??8%), lowest in the control region (89??4%) and intermediate in the protein-coding genes (94??2%). Analyses of the sequence comparison and phylogeny using concatenated protein sequences support the view that the two species belong to the genus Hypophthalmichthys. Further studies using nuclear markers and involving more closely related species, and the systematic combination of traditional biology and molecular biology are needed in order to confirm this conclusion. ?? 2009 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02258.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Li, S., Xu, J., Yang, Q., Wang, C., Chen, Q., Chapman, D., and Lu, G., 2009, A comparison of complete mitochondrial genomes of silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp hypophthalmichthys nobilis: Implications for their taxonomic relationship and phylogeny: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 74, no. 8, p. 1787-1803, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02258.x.","startPage":"1787","endPage":"1803","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02258.x"},{"id":243190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e358e4b0c8380cd45fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, S.-F.","contributorId":49626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, J.-W.","contributorId":78575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Q.-L.","contributorId":107956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Q.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, C.H.","contributorId":10244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, Q.","contributorId":56443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapman, D.C.","contributorId":101825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lu, G.","contributorId":53189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033888,"text":"70033888 - 2009 - Non-double-couple mechanisms of microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:42:03","indexId":"70033888","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-double-couple mechanisms of microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing","docAbstract":"<p>We have inverted polarity and amplitude information of representative microearthquakes to investigate source mechanisms of seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing in the Carthage Cotton Valley, east Texas, gas field. With vertical arrays of four and eight three-component geophones in two monitoring wells, respectively, we were able to reliably determine source mechanisms of the strongest events with the best signal-to-noise ratio. Our analysis indicates predominantly non-double-couple source mechanisms with positive volumetric component consistent with opening cracks oriented close to expected hydraulic fracture orientation. Our observations suggest the induced events are directly the result of opening cracks by fluid injection, in contrast to many previous studies where the seismicity is interpreted to be primarily shearing caused by pore pressure diffusion into the surrounding rock or associated with shear stresses created at the hydraulic fracture tip.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005987","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sileny, J., Hill, D., Eisner, L., and Cornet, F., 2009, Non-double-couple mechanisms of microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. B8, Article B08307; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005987.","productDescription":"Article B08307; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a673fe4b0c8380cd7323f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sileny, J.","contributorId":14208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileny","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisner, Leo","contributorId":31214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisner","given":"Leo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cornet, F.H.","contributorId":85742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornet","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034553,"text":"70034553 - 2009 - Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 1. Water column chemistry and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T09:41:45","indexId":"70034553","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 1. Water column chemistry and transport","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">We studied total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in eight streams, located in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, that span large ranges in climate, landscape characteristics, atmospheric Hg deposition, and water chemistry. While atmospheric deposition was the source of Hg at each site, basin characteristics appeared to mediate this source by providing controls on methylation and fluvial THg and MeHg transport. Instantaneous concentrations of filtered total mercury (FTHg) and filtered methylmercury (FMeHg) exhibited strong positive correlations with both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and streamflow for most streams, whereas mean FTHg and FMeHg concentrations were correlated with wetland density of the basins. For all streams combined, whole water concentrations (sum of filtered and particulate forms) of THg and MeHg correlated strongly with DOC and suspended sediment concentrations in the water column.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es802694n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Brigham, M.E., Wentz, D., Aiken, G., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2009, Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 1. Water column chemistry and transport: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 8, p. 2720-2725, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802694n.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2720","endPage":"2725","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476344,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es802694n","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802694n"},{"id":243753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53f9e4b0c8380cd6ce46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wentz, D.A.","contributorId":85206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035126,"text":"70035126 - 2009 - Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:08:56","indexId":"70035126","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"We implanted satellite transmitters into eight juvenile Common Mergansers to investigate post-fledging movements from their natal river in southcentral Alaska. Subsequently, they moved widely throughout portions of western and southcentral Alaska up to 750 km from their natal areas during fall and winter months. Transmitters of two birds (one male and one female) continued to send location data into their second year and allowed us to determine the location and timing of the flightless molt period for each bird. Overall, our data suggest that juvenile Common Mergansers range widely immediately after fledging, that second year males and females may differ in their movement patterns, and that these movements have implications for population genetic structure of this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0116","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., and Petersen, M.R., 2009, Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 1, p. 133-137, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0116.","startPage":"133","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0116"},{"id":243352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e66e4b0c8380cd7a508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035128,"text":"70035128 - 2009 - Removal of phosphorus from agricultural wastewaters using adsorption media prepared from acid mine drainage sludge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T13:21:47","indexId":"70035128","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of phosphorus from agricultural wastewaters using adsorption media prepared from acid mine drainage sludge","docAbstract":"Excess phosphorus in wastewaters promotes eutrophication in receiving waterways. A??cost-effective method for the removal of phosphorus from water would significantly reduce the impact of such wastewaters on the environment. Acid mine drainage sludge is a waste product produced by the neutralization of acid mine drainage, and consists mainly of the same metal hydroxides used in traditional wastewater treatment for the removal of phosphorus. In this paper, we describe a method for the drying and pelletization of acid mine drainage sludge that results in a particulate media, which we have termed Ferroxysorb, for the removal of phosphorus from wastewater in an efficient packed bed contactor. Adsorption capacities are high, and kinetics rapid, such that a contact time of less than 5 min is sufficient for removal of 60-90% of the phosphorus, depending on the feed concentration and time in service. In addition, the adsorption capacity of the Ferroxysorb media was increased dramatically by using two columns in an alternating sequence so that each sludge bed receives alternating rest and adsorption cycles. A stripping procedure based on treatment with dilute sodium hydroxide was also developed that allows for recovery of the P from the media, with the possibility of generating a marketable fertilizer product. These results indicate that acid mine drainage sludges - hitherto thought of as undesirable wastes - can be used to remove phosphorus from wastewater, thus offsetting a portion of acid mine drainage treatment costs while at the same time improving water quality in sensitive watersheds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.010","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Sibrell, P.L., Montgomery, G.A., Ritenour, K.L., and Tucker, T.W., 2009, Removal of phosphorus from agricultural wastewaters using adsorption media prepared from acid mine drainage sludge: Water Research, v. 43, no. 8, p. 2240-2250, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.010.","startPage":"2240","endPage":"2250","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215086,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.010"},{"id":242858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa732e4b0c8380cd8529b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibrell, Philip L. psibrell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, Gary A.","contributorId":33137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritenour, Kelsey L.","contributorId":107519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritenour","given":"Kelsey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, Travis W.","contributorId":13055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034554,"text":"70034554 - 2009 - Troublesome toxins: Time to re-think plant-herbivore interactions in vertebrate ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034554","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":954,"text":"BMC Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Troublesome toxins: Time to re-think plant-herbivore interactions in vertebrate ecology","docAbstract":"Earlier models of plant-herbivore interactions relied on forms of functional response that related rates of ingestion by herbivores to mechanical or physical attributes such as bite size and rate. These models fail to predict a growing number of findings that implicate chemical toxins as important determinants of plant-herbivore dynamics. Specifically, considerable evidence suggests that toxins set upper limits on food intake for many species of herbivorous vertebrates. Herbivores feeding on toxin-containing plants must avoid saturating their detoxification systems, which often occurs before ingestion rates are limited by mechanical handling of food items. In light of the importance of plant toxins, a new approach is needed to link herbivores to their food base. We discuss necessary features of such an approach, note recent advances in herbivore functional response models that incorporate effects of plant toxins, and mention predictions that are consistent with observations in natural systems. Future ecological studies will need to address explicitly the importance of plant toxins in shaping plant and herbivore communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BMC Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1186/1472-6785-9-5","issn":"14726785","usgsCitation":"Swihart, R., DeAngelis, D., Feng, Z., and Bryant, L.C., 2009, Troublesome toxins: Time to re-think plant-herbivore interactions in vertebrate ecology: BMC Ecology, v. 9, https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-9-5.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476343,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-9-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-9-5"},{"id":243782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb898e4b08c986b327959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swihart, R.K.","contributorId":90560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swihart","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feng, Z.","contributorId":84991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bryant, Lee C.","contributorId":62045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":446362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035130,"text":"70035130 - 2009 - Ecophysiology of \"halarsenatibacter silvermanii\" strain SLAS-1<sup>T</sup>, gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative chemoautotrophic arsenate respirer from salt-saturated Searles Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecophysiology of \"halarsenatibacter silvermanii\" strain SLAS-1<sup>T</sup>, gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative chemoautotrophic arsenate respirer from salt-saturated Searles Lake, California","docAbstract":"Searles Lake occupies a closed basin harboring salt-saturated, alkaline brines that have exceptionally high concentrations of arsenic oxyanions. Strain SLAS-1<sup>T</sup> was previously isolated from Searles Lake (R. S. Oremland, T. R. Kulp, J. Switzer Blum, S. E. Hoeft, S. Baesman, L. G. Miller, and J. F. Stolz, Science 308:1305-1308, 2005). We now describe this extremophile with regard to its substrate affinities, its unusual mode of motility, sequenced arrABD gene cluster, cell envelope lipids, and its phylogenetic alignment within the order Halanaero-bacteriales, assigning it the name \"Halarsenatibacter silvermanii\" strain SLAS-1<sup>T</sup>. We also report on the substrate dynamics of an anaerobic enrichment culture obtained from Searles Lake that grows under conditions of salt saturation and whose members include a novel sulfate reducer of the order Desulfovibriales, the archaeon Halorhabdus utahensis, as well as a close homolog of strain SLAS-1<sup>T</sup>. Copyright ?? 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.02614-08","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Blum, J., Han, S., Lanoil, B., Saltikov, C., Witte, B., Tabita, F., Langley, S., Beveridge, T., Jahnke, L., and Oremland, R., 2009, Ecophysiology of \"halarsenatibacter silvermanii\" strain SLAS-1<sup>T</sup>, gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative chemoautotrophic arsenate respirer from salt-saturated Searles Lake, California: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 75, no. 7, p. 1950-1960, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02614-08.","startPage":"1950","endPage":"1960","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476380,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2663212","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02614-08"},{"id":242893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0593e4b0c8380cd50e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Han, S.","contributorId":60009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanoil, B.","contributorId":96470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanoil","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saltikov, C.","contributorId":77722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witte, B.","contributorId":37973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tabita, F.R.","contributorId":64908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabita","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Langley, S.","contributorId":32342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beveridge, T.J.","contributorId":35524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beveridge","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jahnke, L.","contributorId":84099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahnke","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035187,"text":"70035187 - 2009 - Wolf use of summer territory in northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T10:52:46","indexId":"70035187","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wolf use of summer territory in northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Movements of wolves (Canis lupus) during summer 2003 and 2004 in the Superior National Forest were based around homesites but included extensive use of territories. Away from homesites, wolves used different areas daily, exhibiting rotational use. Mean daily range overlap was 22 (SE 0.02) and that of breeding wolves was significantly greater than for nonbreeders (x 25 and 16, respectively). Rotational use may improve hunting success. Managers seeking to remove entire packs must maintain control long enough to ensure that all pack members are targeted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2008-114","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Demma, D.J., and Mech, L., 2009, Wolf use of summer territory in northeastern Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 3, p. 380-384, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-114.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"384","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215486,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-114"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.39453125,\n              46.9502622421856\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.03271484375,\n              46.9502622421856\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.03271484375,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.39453125,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.39453125,\n              46.9502622421856\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd18de4b08c986b32f4b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demma, D. J.","contributorId":20878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demma","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032909,"text":"70032909 - 2009 - Effect of dietary α-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> Walbaum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T15:43:36","indexId":"70032909","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2159,"text":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of dietary α-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> Walbaum)","docAbstract":"A three-variable central composite design coupled with surface-response analysis was used to examine the effects of dietary ??-tocopherol + ascorbic acid (TOCAA), selenium (Se), and iron (Fe) on indices of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon. Each dietary factor was tested at five levels for a total of fifteen dietary combinations (diets). Oxidative damage in liver and kidney (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls) and erythrocytes (erythrocyte resistance to peroxidative lysis, ERPL) was determined after feeding experimental diets for 16 (early December) and 28 (early March) weeks. Only TOCAA influenced oxidative stress in this study, with most measures of oxidative damage decreasing (liver lipid peroxidation in December and March; ERPL in December; liver protein carbonyl in March) with increasing levels of TOCAA. We also observed a TOCAA-stimulated increase in susceptibility of erythrocytes to peroxidative lysis in March at the highest levels of TOCAA. The data suggest that under most circumstances a progressive decrease in oxidative stress occurs as dietary TOCAA increases, but higher TOCAA concentrations can stimulate oxidative damage in some situations. Higher levels of TOCAA in the diet were required in March than in December to achieve comparable levels of protection against oxidative damage, which may have been due to physiological changes associated with the parr-smolt transformation. Erythrocytes appeared to be more sensitive to variation in dietary levels of TOCAA than liver and kidney tissues. Using the March ERPL assay results as a baseline, a TOCAA level of approximately 350-600 mg/kg diet would provide adequate protection against lipid peroxidation under most circumstances in juvenile Chinook salmon. ?? 2008 The Authors.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x","issn":"09312","usgsCitation":"Welker, T., and Congleton, J., 2009, Effect of dietary α-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> Walbaum): Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, v. 93, no. 1, p. 15-25, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476191,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x"},{"id":241143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d1e4b0c8380cd50f99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welker, T.L.","contributorId":101063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Congleton, J.L.","contributorId":65622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congleton","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}